CSMA/CA

CSMA/CA

(RTS
- Request To Send) 2.
2
(CTS - Clear To Send).


3 4


CSMA/CA

CSMA/CA.
CSMA with Collision Avoidance - CSMA ca
.

.

.


;

,

,

,

,
;

I.

II.
(
backoff)

IEEE802.3

(Contention time)
" .

Slot time . 9sec

IEEE802.11a.

,
.

0
(CW Contention window -
).

CWmin.

. 15sec
IEEE802.11a

(DCF)
CWmin

.

(QoS).


IEEE802.11 ()
(Unicast
frame - )

(ACK
).

ACK
.
ACK
().


(unicast)

ACK .

ACK

,
.

ACK

.

 SIFS

Short Interframe Spacing

(SIFS)
.

 SIFS
SIFS

SIFS

SIFS

CTS RTS,
.

SIFS



(RIFS Reduced InterFrame Space)
SIFS




SIFS .

.
RIFS


.

 PIFS

Point Coordination Function Inter Frame Spacing

(PCF )


(SIFS)
(PIFS).

 - DIFS

Distributed Coordination Function Inter Frame Spacing

(DCF )


DIFS
.

 - DFC

Distributed Coordination Function Inter Frame Spacing

DCF

 EIFS

Extended Inter Frame Spacing

- EIFS


.

o .

 - EIFS

 AIFS

(AIFS
Arbitration InterFrame Space)

(AIFS )

(QoS)
EDCA
,
,
(RTS, CTS).

(AIFS )

i
AIFS[i]

:


AIFSN Arbitrary InterFrame Space Number,

CW

 AIFSN CW

.

:


(SIFSN)

(AIFSN)

0
(CW).

CW

 AIFSN CW

CW

 CW
(CW)

.
CW

.

.


AIFSN CW

CWmin

CWmax

AIFSN

15

1023

15

1023

15

DCF

15

1023

EDCA


I 802.11

 I 802.11

IEEE802.11
:

BSS (Basic Service Sets)

DS (Distribution System).

 I 802.11

e:



.

 I 802.11

STA (Stations)


BSS .

 I 802.11

BSS
BSA (Basic Service
Area)

.

 I 802.11

BSS

.

d hoc
BSS .

 I 802.11

IEEE802.11



.

 I 802.11

:


2003. .
IEEE802.11

(WDS Wireless Distribution System)


.


,


.



,

I802.11 .
(Task group) 2004.
2011. .
I 802.11

Wireless Distribution
System.



.
IEEE802.11-2012

(MBSS)

IEEE802.11s
IEEE802.11s

(Wireless LAN
mesh topologies).
:
MSTA (Mesh STA)

(MBSS ).

IEEE802.11s

(Mesh facility)

,
,
,

,

IEEE802.11s

MBSS IEEE 802.11

(MSTA ).
MBSS

.

IEEE802.11s


(Multi-hop capability)
MSTA

.


MBSS


.

IEEE802.11s

MSTA .

MBSS MSTA a
,
(Propagators of traffic) ( MSTA
).
MBSS

(DSM
Distribution System Medium )
BSS .

IEEE802.11s

MSTA .

MBSS MSTA a
,

(Propagators of traffic)
MSTA .

IEEE802.11s
MBSS

(DSM Distribution
System Medium )
BSS
.

IEEE802.11s

IEEE802.11s
Distribution System
Medium.

(DS)

(AP),

MBSS (MG )

(ESS).

IEEE802.11s
MSTA MBSS
,
.
IEEE802.11s MSTA


-MSTA (Non-mesh
station).

IEEE802.11s
.

IEEE802.11s
:

IEEE 802.11
.

IEEE 802.11s
.

IEEE 802.11

.

IEEE802.11s

()

802.11
.

IEEE802.11s
MBSS

(
)

MSTA
-MSTA

IEEE802.11s

MBSS


(MG Mesh gate ).

 IEEE 802.11

IEEE802.11 3
:
,

.

.

 IEEE802.11

(FC - Frame
control field) 11

 IEEE802.11

(Ver Version)

,

( field)
,
,

(ST Subtype) RTS CTS,

 IEEE802.11

DS (TDS - To DS) DS (FDS From DS)

,

MF More fragment
,

(R Retry)

,

 IEEE802.11

(Pw - Power
management)

,

(More)

,

 IEEE802.11

W

(WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy) ,

0 (Order)

1
.

 IEEE802.11

(D/l - Duration /Connection ID

(
)
.


NAV.

 IEEE802.11

(A1 - 4).
IEEE802 .

.


.

 IEEE802.11

(SC - Sequence
Control)

.
16
12 ,
4 ().

 IEEE802.11

(DF - Data Field)

(Payload) 0 2312 .

- 32-
(CRC - (Cyclic Redundancy Check))
.

 IEEE802.11


.


.

.

.

:

(RTS),

(CTS)

().

 IEEE 802.11

IEEE802.11

 IEEE 802.11

(Association)

MSDU (MAC Service

Data Unit)

(Dissassociation)

MSDU

(Distribution)

MSDU

MSDU

MSDU

(Reassociation)

(Integration)

 IEEE 802.11

(Authentication)

(Deauthentication)

(Privacy)

(MSDU dilevery)

MSDU

 IEEE 802.11


.

- .
;

.

( )
.

;

 IEEE 802.11


.

.

();

 IEEE 802.11



.
()
.


;

 IEEE 802.11



IEEE802.11

IEEE802.11 (non
IEEE802.11).

 IEEE 802.11

:


.


( )
.

.

;

 IEEE 802.11


( )
.

.

 IEEE802.11
- Spread Spectrum

DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread

Spectrum)

Complementary Code
Keying

Complementary Code Keying (CCK)

IEEE 802.11b
.

CCK 1999

2 Mb/s .

CCK (8 11
)

Complementary Code
Keying

,


.

CCK :

4 5.5 Mb/s

64 11 Mb/s)

.

 IEEE802.11
- Spread Spectrum

FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread

Spectrum)

OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

FDM :
52 (48
4 )

o:
18 Mb/s PSK
QAM

IEEE802.11


802.11a (OFDM 5 GHz):

54Mb/s

802.11b (HR DSSS - 2.4 GHz):

11 Mb/s

7 802.11a

802.11g (OFDM 2.4 GHz):

54Mb/s

:
CSMA/CA CSMA with Collision Avoidance

IEEE802.11i

IEEE802.11i

WPA2- Wi-FI Protected Access

IEEE802.11

W-iFi .

WPA2 AES (Advanced

Encription Stnadard) .

 : 802.11n

2005. IEEE
802.11TGn
2009. .
5 GHz / 2.4 GHz

74 Mb/s 248 Mb/s

(Indoor) ~70

IEEE 802.11n

OFDM MIMO (Multiple Input - Multiple

Otput) .

MIMO (
) .

IEEE 802.11n

IEEE 802.11n

Q 64 256 .

40MHz

20MHz (
).

IEEE 802.11s


Mesh Network

MAC IP .

Wireless Mesh Network

Wi-Fi Direct

Wi-Fi Direct a Wi-Fi

Alliance
(Wi-Fi Peer-to-Peer )

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi Direct

Wi-Fi Direct certification

Wi-Fi Alliance,


Wi-Fi CERTIFIED
"Wi-Fi" .

Wi-Fi Directi

Wi-Fi Directis a Wi-Fi
Alliance
(Wi-Fi Peer-to-Peer ).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=je2lWjfpywQ

Wi-Fi

(hot spots).

Wi-Fi Direct certification Wi-Fi
Alliance,
Wi-Fi
CERTIFIED certification "Wi-Fi"
trademark.

Wi-Fi Directi

The Galaxy Nexus
Android

Wi-Fi Direct, Android
4.0

2011

1, 2

DSSS, FHSS

20

6, 9, 12 , 18, 24, 36,

48,54

OFDM

20

MIMO

(Mb/s)

2.4

(MHz)

1997

(GHz)

802.11
-

(m)

(m)

20

100

35

120

500

1999

1999

2.4

20

5.5, 11

DSSS

38

140

2003

2.4

20

6, 9, 12 , 18, 24, 36,

48,54

DSSS, FHSS

38

140

20

7.2, 14.4, 21.7,

28.9, 43.3,
57.8, 65, 72.2

70

250

70

250

2009

3.7

2.4/5
40

15, 30, 45, 60, 90,

120, 135, 150

OFDM