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ClTPX CVtVYo TWQo, CYo YWXtd lL[l TPpLs
Tk Yjl TYp YpXYo, LXo TX dL LPu YrkRYo; LX
TWQo Gum RPWp C [em, CYo TtlTjp IkRmTj Td
LPp\d LhV NehYPm EmTtLh YVm. AYu ULu hYu
NWXm TXLl Tt\Yo,
TPlThPo:
ClTPp YVdLlTmTLu Gum X Uu]]l Lrk
TVRm,TLu LPV Ys[pLs JYu, L] UgOdd LeLm
SpV LdVYu; CYu UXShP PVYu, CY] Fo Spo GuTm.
CYu BVo p \kRYu GuTm RV Yu\],
Q[dLm: TPi Q,
J Uu]] Lr. YU. Ys[uU. As RX]Yt\ Bnk Y
TPi
QVm,
TPlTu\
BiUL]
JLXt\d
Y
CjQu SdLUm,
\[dLm : CVuU,
J YkR]oNu AYu RuUVd l LrY CVuU Yrj
Gum \Vm, JYu CVpTl Lrk YrjY Cj\u
EolTm,

AgNtTs
A[m = o YtV [m;
Ejm = Tnm; EPj ERY =
[m. YVp BV TjRU] CPjl TnV;
EYoXm = L[oXm;
Fhm = NXl Tnm;
YWVUW = GpXPR \U; U = UZ;
LPA V] - URdL; LZtLp = WdLZp AkR LpLs; LPUPm =
YWV\ud LjRXV CVp; TPUPm = To Sd UThl To
RXV CVp; TPu = (To) NnVu; TPUVdRp = TPLs Ju\
Ju LXjRp, TYL : SN BVlT

LPUPm
CpXRYodm.
YWV LjRp,

Es[Yodm.

CWkRYodm.
12

CWYRYodm

TTu

TPUPm

Wo ApXRo Um.
C[Vo Um NpRp,

hPo

Um.

iThPo

Um.

jRo

CXdLQm
A[m. ALpYVp - ]jRLLs; YWV UW
GoU\l TVWfNm; LPA - CN\V[TP; LZtLp
YtU Em TVm EPuRdLRL,

DLhP
CWiPm

AgNtTs

(B) ALS
ALm + Su + = ALS, ALlTs CXdLQjt
CXdVUnj Lm 400 TPpLs AUkR p ALS Bm, Ckp
LtV]W.
UPTY[m.
jXdLY
Gum
u
L[PV, LtV]Wp 120 TPpLm. UPTY[jp 180
TPpLm. jXdLYp 100 TPpLm Es[], ALStp AUks[
TPpLs 13 Af Um 31 Al TUm LiPY, Ckp
SkRL Gum YZeLlTm,
1.3.5
G]
Jt\lTP
GiL[L
YY]
TXjQl
Ckp
TPpL[Lm. 2. 8 G] YY] gjQl TPpL[Lm. 4.14 G] YY]
pXjQl TPpL[Lm. 6.16 Gu YY] URjQl TPpL[Lm.
10.20
Gu
YY]
SnRpQl
TPpL[Lm
AUj
AZ\j
RdLlThs[],
CkXjRjRYo.
UW
ElZoUL]o
EjWNuUo BYo, RljRu. TiVu EdWlTY BYu,

KeUX = EVokRUX;
Xm = UXfNWp; YeL P; =
UXXjR Y[m UWeLs; PYm YeLl Pu J NWj Rum Lh
d[Lh EYUVt, TL[PV PYmm UgNs \jPu
Es[ YeLlm APokR RZLPu Rum T LidLR t[m
d[Lu YY JlTj Rum,
FuTVZd Lho - RNlTu YYWR SLeLs
(d SLeLs Lp RNds[ Tkdm, CWUtTm T AY
YYk
CWVddm,
CeL
u
[Ls
AlTRu
\kRYVRXp AYtu SLeLs RNlTu YYW TkkR]
Gu\Y) LrjR - YUVt KnkR, TokR] = T kRRL; EY
= Bi-; PeLo-dL] CPm;
Kodm - Etd Lhm LYX (CWiPLl [ThP) [Y; EiQ EVdLm - EQm EiQR YjRm;
NAn - Ut. TVo-dLm (eRp) Uk CuU - Y
UkRum CuUVu; ]Xu = NVXtl T]u,
Qu Td CWe EZUu WX Kodm EYVt\ AXm
PV Nu\YWRRp Sm RXYo SmSnd CWe WV YYo Gum
LjlTPj RX lTp EQoj]s

TX
KeUXf Xmp PPu UXokR
YeL YjRZ YYj Ru]
FuT AZd Lhod [
uPu Du\ PeLo ZjR
Lp PW[l QlT okR]l
T[o EYl TrYn Ht\
ALh EZUu BiWp Kodm
ST LYX WmT P
Ys Vl TX Sug
NXYVok ]p V] TXXk
EiQ EVdLU EoNXf NAnj
Rm RpLu RXV Sm
kRo TVod We
Uk uUu Ck] CX]

Tiu Td CWe EZUu WX EtdLhm Bi

YZem Wm Gu\Rp SmRXYm SU uT Snd CWe WV YYo
GuT C\f,
YsVo NeL LXjp YrkR TiTtXYoLs JYWYo,
LLXu ULs BUk GuTYs Ru LQY]j RAXkR TX CYm
Ru LQY]j R AXkRs GuTR]f NeLl TPpLs XYtt
Li\m, YsVo LQY]j RVXkR NnV SUdl TPUL
Yks[ J[YVo TP-t Li\m. LX TRl]Y LiQ. Sd
Sd YZkR]Y Gu\ CYo TPXd kRLt Tdm T
LtTo SgNm Em, CYo TV]YLd kRLp Ghm StQp
CWim
ALStp
CWim
YsYUXp
Jum
LQd
Pdu\],

CXdLQm
- J[YVo

Q : TX
\ : NXQojV Rdj RXULs NpV,
13

ClTPXl TVYo J[YVo, AYo NeLLXl TiTtXYs \k

[eVYo; AYo AVUu SU]g Gum X Uu]Pu BrkR
Shd LiPYo, AmUu]u AYdL[l XYWLj LrkRYo, iPSs YZf
Nnm ArRjR JjRRo AV SpdLVj Ru EiQ AVUu
J[Yd Dk UrkR NnVl \St\p AVXm, J[YVo TV
TPpL[l \Stm. StQm. kRLm LQXm,

KeUX - ]jRL; AZd Lho - DLhP GoU\l

TVWfNm; WmT P - DLhP GoU\l TVWfNm; P ]jRL; EiQ EVdLm - DLhP GoU\l TVWfNm; NAn CN\V[TP; RpLu - TijRL; kRo - ]VXQm
TVo,
14

(C) Ie
Ik + U + = Ie, Ie tp u\f Um
B\l TUm LiP 500 TPpLs Es[], URm. SnRp. g. TX.
pX Gum YN\p AUdLlTh. JqYQm 100 TPpL[d
Lis[, JqYQs[ 100 TPpLm TjlTjlTPpLs
LiP TjlTL[Lj RjRj RXlLu rl TdLlThs[],
Ckp
Es[
URjQlTPpL[
KWmTVm.
SnRpQl
TPpL[ AmY]m. gjQlTPpL[d LXm. TXjQl
TPpL[ KRXkRVm. pXjQlTPpL[l TV]m Ts[]o,
CR]

Gum TZm TPXp AVXm, Ik L[m RjRYo Xj\ tV

Zo,

CmT\

RljRYo

Gum

LfNWUu

NWUu]u,

Cktl

V]dLiNn

TWRmTV

UXokR YeLdLi CkR RL

Tu] UPkRp Rum SP - Gu\
RXY]. u E\]o Cu RXdj UQm Ll fhf
\lf
NnR]o;
V
AY[
TZkR
SsLXV
AYd
UQULhLXm TX
AZ Nn UrkkR] Gu Es\ EYUm
Ru\ u\,

AgNtTs

URU WmT SnR XmYu

Le g LXu - LV
TXVR XkR TpX TV]
XV Re
Po

YYp RXd UXWVd LiP R CqY\mT Au\ h]

G]f NpVY\m,

UkRWgNWp

TkRY]o

LPs

GUsYeL = SlTVjR YeLUWm; Us = EYU; RL =

Up; UXokR YeL TuZdm ARuLi Es[ RL UPkRdm
EYULs;
Bp
=
ANX;
YY
=
UQm;
AVW=LrjR;
uekRp = u]lThP TV (LV) kRp; kR YVo Gu\
RXYu
Tt\W
YrjV,
C
TVkRolTfNp
G]lTm,
UXWkRn!
kR YVo C NnR] Gu\Y; R L[d
LXjt\ YjRju e]U EWjRs,

Yrjl TPXu\l Tf Nojs[o,

CXdLQdl

TVo
ClTPX CVtVo LXo, X]d Lt\ AkRQ[u Gu LZlThPYo
LXo, Ys[p Tu AYdL[l XYWL [eVYo, T A[Yt\ Au

CkR
CkRRL - TVWfNm; Us - EYU; CZV - ]jRL;
SP - AiU; kR - mRkR GuTRu UE U; YVo VeLs ]t; SuU] - TijRL,

LiPYo,
glTh. Ie tp gj QlTPpLs . TtlTjp
HZmTj. LjRLp gd Ls[ 29 TdLs RV] CYo
CVtV]Ym,
CYW
ThYuUdl
TZV
CXdLQ
EWLp
ERWQULd LhPlTm LXW Th Gum RPW Nu\m,

UgOlTj

G,L,

+ L

Yk

QPj

= eL

lTVo uC] UuUk Rum

- LXo

15

1, G u m T V u u Y p ] R u U
AqYpXjd C]U] UpXj dl Qm,

YU Rp Es[ d Gum Yp] Gjd C]U] e Gum

UpXj dl QokR,

GUs YeL kR RL
CZV UPkRt \u SP!
CNn R]V kR YVo
SuU] YY VVWYs
ue kRu UXWk RV
Q : g
\ : YY NpX uj RXULtj R V,

Qof Ls

- Sup -200
UuUk Rum Gu\R]p YpXj YRm YZdp Ei GuT
T\lThP, + P = dP
2, 1, ULW Dtf NtLs YUV QmT ULWm Lh E\n u.
Eo RuUV EPmTUn Ttm. Yp ] RuUV
YpXj dm Qm,
16

2, X CPeLp Yp] RuUV QmT ULWm LP, YUu

YpXjt C]U] Up]ULj km Qm,
3, Up]. CP] RuUV QmT ULWm Lh CVpTLl
Qm,
UWm + A
UW (q+A)
= UWY
ULWm Lh EPmTUn Ttl QokR,
UWm + [
d
= UWd[
UWm + [

XUt XLWm. [LWm Up] RuUV QmT XLWm

]LWULm [LWm QLWULm m,
G,L
Np+ UX =
NuUX
As + U=
AiU

DLh YpXj dl QokR

TZm + u\u
k
TZm + )u\u = TZku\u

X[Yt Ut \Pm ApY

AYt\ \rm YY ]U
U ]Qm CPYu CVpm
Bm CY Vm GuT,

XU Dt ULWm Lh YU R s[ j Gum Yp ]
Und C]U] k Gum Up] UnVLj k QokR,
UWm + Yo = UWYo
ULW Dt U CP] RuUV QmT ULWm Lh CVpTLl
QokR,
UWm + So = UWSo
ULW Dt U Up] RuUV QmT ULWm Lh CVpTLl
QokR,
Uq \t\k \lTm
YuUd ]Uj Tm Bm
- Sup 219
3, YtUl Qofp XUt Q LWm Yp] RuUV
QmT P LWULj m
Ui + LXm = UhLXm
XUt ] LWm Yp] Ru UV Qm T \ LWULj
m,
Tu + Pm =

TtPm

Q]Yp ]m YWh P\m \Yu

CVpm Bm YtUd LpYd
L]jUn Ym CVpT mU

- Sup 209.
17

4, YtUl Qofp:
XUt XLWm. [LWm. Yp] Ru UV QmT XLWm
\LWULj m; [LWm PLWULj m
G,L
LZp + Lp =
LZtLp
Ls + Pm =
LhPm

- Sup 227,
5, XU Dtp ]LWU. XLWU u YU Rp RLWm Yu A
\LWUL Um; SLWm Yu A ]LWUL Um,
G,L,
Tu + = Tu
Lp +
= Lt
Tu + Su= Tu]u
Lp + Su = Lu]u
X U Dtp QLWU. [LWU u YU Rp RLWm Yu A
PLWULm SLWm Yu A QLWULm Um,
G,L,
Ui +
=
Ui
s +
=
h
Li + o
=
Lio
s + Su =
iQu
]Xu \]m Q[u PQm
Bm RSdLs Be LX,
- Sup : 237
6, TX Gum Npu TX Gum Npm X Gum Npu X Gum
Npm Yk QmT,
1, CVpTLl Qm
TX + TX = TXTX
X + X = XX
2, dl Qm
TX + TX = TXlTX
X + X = XfX
18

3, XU Cs[ ALWm LP Gg tm XLWm \LWULj k

Qm,
G,L
TX + TX
(p+A)
Tp + TX
p t
Tp + TX = TtTX
(p+A)
X +X
p + X = tX
4,

TX. X Gum NtLs u \ NtLs Yk Qu XU C

ALWm Lhm Qm; LPUm Qm,
(p+A)
TX + T
= TpT
TX + T = TXT
(p+A)
X + Y[
= p Y[
X + Y[
= XY[
TX X GY Rmu RmYu
CVpm Lm ALWm HL
XLWm \LWm BLm \Yu
ALWm LtTm BLm E[\

A[m.
KeUX.

LPA V].
WmTP.

LZtLp.
RpLu.

YiUl,

Lho.

NXYVoku,

Xk.
CWe.

U\kR]u,

IV.jl
jl Qof RL,
EPm.

LZtLp.

V.TTR
TR ElXdLQm RL,
Tk.
RXV.

Du\.
kRo

VI.PRoL,
PRoL,
1, \Stp X TPpL[ BeXjp UTVojRYo,
A) LpYp
B) Tv
(C) ,, Tl
2, LPV Ys[pLp JYu,
A) hYu NWp
B) TLu

C) TiVu EdWl TY,

3, L] UgOdd L-eLm DkRYu,

A) T
B) L
C) TLu
- Sup 170

Tt

4, LtV] Wp Es[ TPpLu GidL,

A) 100
B) 120
C) 180
5, J[Yd AV Sp-dLV DkRYu,
A) AVUu B) Bn C) Ypp K
VII.TjL
TjL

I. ]:
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9.
10,
11,

III. CXdLQdl YWL,

\S Ttd l YWL,
YWV UWu U TX , EYUV [dl TPu TjL,
LZtLp TL]l TWQo GeM]m LrkWjs[o?
ALS Ttd l YWL,
J[YVo Ttd l YWL,
WmT P GjRLV?
ALStp AUkR ll T[j RTjL,
Ie Ttd l YWL,
LXo Ttd l YWL,
RXULtj R V] VY?
Ie tlTPXp AVYm Es\l T[j R TjL,

II. S ] :
1, NXQojV Rdj RXULs NpVYt\ [dL,
19

1, Np

Ts

Eo
[
Q
LZp

Ti
Tu
SLm
RkRm
h

2 , Q
URm
SnRp
g
TX
pX

BVo
KRXkRVo
TV]o
KWmTVo
AmY]o
LXo
SdWo
20

TTRElXdLQm
]tLs[ YiVY
C\kRLX CP XLs
LrLX CPXLs
GoLX CPXLs
GoU\ CPXLs
RuU JU ]t Ls
RuUl TuU ]t Ls

uX JU ]t Ls
uXl TuU ]t Ls
HYp JU ]t
HYp TuU ]t
TPodL BiTp ]t Ls
TPodLl TiTp ]t Ls
TPodLl TXoTp ]t Ls
TPodL Ju\uTp ]t
Ls
TPodL TXuTp ]t Ls
VeLs ]t Ls
RXl TVWfN Ls
RX ]VfN Ls

j. h. t. Cu
. u. Bu
l . q
B. Ap. Cp
Gu. Hu. Ap. Au. .. .
Gm. Hm. Am. Bm. Jm Km. m. m.
m. m,
I. Bn
Co. Do
C
u
Au. Bu
As. Bs
Ao. Bo. T. Uo
.
A. B
L. CV. CVo
A. (Em)
E. C,

j. d. l - Gum u GjLs Ju\ TmTm NkVL Ym, Nk YWYiV

CPjp spXR Gj YkRp AR]f NV G]d lPlTPYim,
Au. A- Gum CWiPs Ju\ NVVL Ym. NV YWYiV CPjp s
Tt\ Gj Eo H\ CPUj YkRp AR] Gjl T G]d lPp Yim,
RV YWUp QVLl Tt Ym GjR Gjl T Bm,

21

3, A\ CXdVm
d\s
RrUu CV EoX Gu EXLWp TWhPlTm p d\s,
CY RZo U\; EXLl TU\Um, \s GuT CWiP YiTYd
dm, A Gu\ AP U Tt Xd jR, (APVjR LV
TVo) C T]i rd LQd pLs Ju,
d\s A\jlTp ThTp LUjlTp Gum u Tm L[d
Li [e\, t lTj u ALWeL[m ALWjtl Tjl
TdLs Rm BWj kt lT \hTdL[m Lis[,
A\jlTp lTjRh ALWeL[ EPV, A TWVp. CpX\Vp.
\Y\Vp. FVp Gum Su CVpL[d Li [e\ GuTo AOo,
ThTp GT ALWeL[m AWVp. AeLVp. JVp Gum u
CVpL[m Li AUks[,
LUjlTp CTjRk ALWeL[m L[Vp. LtVp Gu\ CWi
CVpL[m Li [e\,

YsYu

Yn [jRYts

CpXRpX CQpX lTd kXjR

Gu RZW mR \YlT CjRnYp, Ckh \lThs[ LjLs
VYodm GdLXjtm TkY]YL [eu\], EXLl TULs
TXYtm U TVodLlTh TXWm TdLlTt Y\, EXLm Ym
JlTd V \kR LjL[d Lis[ Ckp EXLl T U\VLl
Tt\lT\, d\[V ARu LjL[V GjR[R AOo TUdLs
CXo Gu U[tl TU Tts[,
AYj [jRr LPXl Lhd
Lj RjR \s
Gu AqYVo CRu hTm hTm Ll LrkWjRo, d\[m
YsYWm TZkRrl XYoLs TWhl TV p YsY UX Gu
AZdLlT\,
CjRLV TX SUd CVtj RkRYo RnYlXYo YsYo BYo,
CYo LPfNeL LXUV , CWiPm t\iPf NokRYo GuTo, YsYWl
21

22

TtV EiU YWX XlTPpX, NYf NnL[ Es[], YsYo

YrkR LXm Ttd Lj YTLs Ei, CYo ,, 31-Cp RuVYWu
AOo Xo Yo, CRd LQdpLi sYWi\ YZe Y\,

1, APdLm = U]m U UnLs VYLt NpX APeRp; AUWs =

RYo EXLm (YodLm); Endm = Njm; Bs = SWLm; Enjm
GuTR J NpXLd LsL,

YsYW JqY NUVjRYm RjRm NUVjRf NokRYWu Yo,

CRuXm YsYu EVom TUd LsLm TtjXeYR EQWXm,
d\d lTp. Y\ Yrj. EjRWYRm. TnVU Gu Y TVoLs
YZeY TXY YsYdm RtTYXo. Tnp XYo. TSYXo.
NkSlTRo. SV]o. RYo. URTe Gu\ Y TVoLm YZeu\],

2, T[ = EVokR T[Ld L; LdL = LPlj JL; ARu

Fe = Aq APdLjRPm,

(A) APdLPU

4, Xu - (CpX\SVV) Xu u; V - X\Z;
Rt\m = EVo; UQ = Lm,

3, N = APdLm; oU = lTm. \l; AYk = APejRX

AYY Gu\k; Btu = SVYp,

APdLm AUWs Endm APeLU

Bs Enj m,

5, Su Bm = SuURYR Bm; TRp = APeRp; NpYkRLj =

NpYm G]jRm \l]Pj,

LdL T[ APdLjR; BdLm

AREe pX Eod

6, Ik = ImTLs;
TLl,

NYk oU TVdm AYk

Rt ]PeLl Tu

Xt V RPeVu \t\m
UXm UQl T

GpXodm Su\m TRp; AYsm

NpYodL NpYk RLj,

JUs BUTp IkRPdL Xtu

GUm HUl Pj

JU = J\l; GU = H \l; HUl =

7, V = GYt\ (GpXYt\m); NLlTo = uYo, NpCd = Ntt\m;

NLlTo GuT J Np,
8, Ju\m = (Gi A[p) Ju\L
Clm; ThTVu-T[p
[Y (T[p Ym uTm); EiPu = EiPY Bu; Su\L
Bm = Rm,
9, EsBm (EPmp iQL tm) Es[jR Bm; S]p =
LgNtL[p; Y = Rm;
YtUV, Bm RuUV BRXp
]t hPR]l i Gum B\ Sgs[ PjRu S]t
hPR] Y Gum ]o,
10, LRm - ]m; Lj = APd; Nq = RkR LXm; A\m = A\dLPs;
Btu = APm Yp,

VLY W SLdL; LYdLp

dl Th
NLlTo Np

Ju\k fNt ThTV iPu

Su\L R m

1,

]t hPi Es[m; B\R

S]t hP Y,

2, LdL - VeLs ]t; T[ - (T[L GuTRu) RjRpLWm;

AREe - CuNV[TP,

LReLjd Lt\PeL XtYu Nq

A\mTodm Btu Zk,

10

\s:
\s:
\s:

APeLU

- GoU\j RtTVo, Bs - ]jRL,

3, Tu - Nu Gum YnTh ]VfNm,

AgNtTs
\s:

CXdLQm

1. 2. 3. 4. 5 CY Ik ThPm TYLVp APdLj]

\ld \lThP,
6 - Un APdLm \lThP,
7.8.9 U APdLm \lThP,
10 U] APdLm \lThP,
23

4, APeVu - ]VXQm TVo; UXm-EVo \lmU,

5, GpXodm - tmU; TRp - RtTVo; RLj - l ]t;
Su\m - (Su\m) RjRp LWm; NpYodL - Rt\LWm,
6, EPj - l ]t; EYUV,
7, GU. Ik - BTVoLs; LYdLp - GoU\ ]VfNm,
24

8, ThTVu - u\m YtU Em TVm EPu RdL RL; Bm Bm GuTRu LWm; Su - (SuU) TilTVo;

\s 8. 9
\s 10

9, ]t ,,,, Y, YtUV (li. LgNpXp EiPV i CWim

LVp Ju\ Gu Rt JtUlTjl. u li Bm,
S]t hP B\ Gu YTjR-u YtUVVt hP i. hP
Y, - TVWfNeLs,

1, LmU = GoTojf Nnm ER; LPlT = LPUVnd Li NVpTPp;

U = UZVj Rm ULm; (TVu LR Tnm UZd EXLm Gu] LmU
Nnu\? BLY Ris[e LiPYo Nnm ERLm TV]
GoTolTpX, G]Y YtlTsYlT U\k YkR, LmU YiPd
LPlT Gum Tl T[ UUh Gu]te LpX EX Gu\
\llTs GjdLhYRp YtlTs YlT G]Xm,

10, APeLp - RtTVo. BtYu - ]VXQm TVo,

2,

(B) JlWYRp
LmU YiPd LPlT UUh
Pu]te LpX EX,
R[tj RkR T[pXk RdLod
Y[iU NnRt Th
jR XLj im T\XR
JlW ]pX \,
JjR RYo YrYu; Ut\Vu
NjRs YdLl Tm,

F o\k Rt\ EXLYm

TW Y[u ,

TVuUWm Esol TjRt\t NpYm

SVP VuLh Tu

UkRj RlT UWjRt\t NpYm

TkRL VuLh Tu

CPp TYjm JlWt LpLo

LP] Lh VYo

SVPVu SpokR ]Rp NmW

NnV RULX Y

JlW ]pYe LP ]RYu

tdLs RdL Pj,
AgNtTs
\s 1. 2. 3
\s 4
\s 5.6. 7

JlWu \ld \lThP,

JlWYVo C
JlWY[] NpYm TVuTkRuU,
25

YUVp JlW JRtTt\u GuT

JlW]t LY LPu GuT

R[t - dL Vt Nn; RkR = DhV; RdLod = RkRYod; Y[iU

= ER,

3, jRs EXLm = (CuTf NlPVRLd LRlTm) RYo EXLjm; Dim =

CqXLjm. JlWu = JlWYd Lhm; SpX\ = SpX]YV \NVpLs,

4, JjR = EXLSPVk ARtNVf NnY; NjRs YdLlTm = C\kRs

JY]Ld LRlTYu,

5, F = Fo UdLs Eiod[m; EXAYm = EXL SPV mf

Nnm; = NpYm; At = Tm; TVuUWm = TVuTmUWm; Eso =
FoSY

10

6, SVPVu - SpX Es[PVYu

(JlWY[u)

7, UkR = UkRn; RlT = RlTR; UWjRt; = UWjR JlT,

8, CPm = NpYm; CPpTYm = YUt\LXm; JpLo = R[Wo; LPu =
\U; LhVYo = APVo,
9, SVPVu = JlWY[u; SpokR]Rp = YU YnlTRp, Nnm W =
Nnm RuUVPV JlWL[. NnV = NnVlT\, NnVYiVYt\f
NnV CjRX JlWY[d SpoRXm; AYu ndL YiVYt\j
ndLU-lT Sp oRp Au GuTRm,
10, L = TsL; LsRdL = Ls[jRdL,

CXdLQm
1, YiPd
YiPdLPlT - DLhP GoU\lTVWfNm,

EX - CPYTVo,

2, RkRTs - TVWfNm; Th - l ]t; SpX - TXuTp

]VXQm TVo,
3, T\p - RtTVo; Dim - EmU Gil Ts,
4, AYu. YrYu - ]VXQm TVoLs;
]VXQm TVo,

Ut\Vu -

5, TW - TijRL; (EYUV) AYm - AYm; Nnm Gum GfNm;

F - LWQlTVo,
26

6, TVuUWm
- CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPu RdL RL (TV]j
RmUWm) (EYUV) Eso = Fs GuT uu]RLj RdL B\m
YtUjRL,
7, RlT
RlTUWm - DLhP GoU\l TVWfNm; TkRL = TijRL,
8, LP]Lh - ]jRL; JpLo - ]VXQm TVo; CpTYm TijRL,
9, BRp - RtTVo; W - TXuTtTVo (oU T) Nm - Nnm
GuTRu RjRp LWm,
10, L. Ls - RX kR RtTVoLs,

TYjR PhP JLp ]j

WU Bode L,

\s
\s
\s
\s
\s
\s
\s

1
2. 3. 4
5
6
7. 8
9
10

LXjR \ld \lThP

LXURu TVu
LXm YWYf NnVjRdL
LXm YWYd LjlTRu \l
LjdeLp Ru Es[lTLU Ru\ APdL Gu\p
RkR LXm Yk Wk NVtTL Gu\p,
Ljldm. NVtTRdm CXdLQm

1, L = CWp CVem T\YLs Ju (LhPu); CLp = TL; T =

RkRLXm Zm,
2, TYjR = LXjR;
dm,

(C) LXURp
TLpYpe LVd LdL; CLpYpm
YkRod Yim T,

AgNtTs

JhP = CNV;

WU = eLUp;

Bodm =

3, A] = AV NVp; E[Y = EiP (CpX); LVu LXUk =

LXUk RdL LVp NnRp,
4, Lm = ]lm;

Lm = LVLjRRm,

5, LXeL = RY\,

A] VuT [Y LVu
LX Uk Nu,

OXe Le Lm LXe
L PjRt Nu,

6, FdLm EPVu = U]Yf EPVYu; JdLm = APejRp; RLo =

BhdPn; RdLt = RdYRtLL; Tm = u] Lp Yem; RLj
= RuUj,

LXe L lTo; LXeL

OXe L TYo,

7, Ts[] = EP]VL; \mYWo = YlTPVLd Lhd Ls[UhPo;

EsYolTo = TLUV Es[ YjlTo; JsVYo = APVYo (APV
AWNo),

FdL PV ]dLm TRLo

RdLtl Tk RLj,

Ts[] BeL \mYWo; LXm Toj

sYolT Ws VYo,

NSWd Lu UdL; CYW

Lu ZdLm RX,

GnRt LV VkRdL XkXV

NnRt LV NVp,

LdLdL mm TYj; Ut\Ru

jRdL ojR CPj,

10

27

8, NSo - TLYo. UdL = TL, CYW = (AtL]) C Ss YkRT;

ZdLm = YRm; RpYo GuT Ts (RXZL rk TLYo
AYo),
9, CVkRdLp - YmT; NVp = NnL; AkXV = AkRd LXm
LYRts[,
10, mm TYj = ]Ut NpXdm LXj;
Ld JdL = Ldl Tp CdLm;
ojR Pj = ]Ut Nu\ CPj; LXm YnjRT; jRdL = AX
Li jY TXj RdL,

CXdLQm
1, GjdLhYUV, EYU J RPWLm Ts J RPWLm tL
EYU U\k tT GjdLhYUVVm, LVd LdL
TLpYpm (ATX) TL YpXd LYodj RkR LXUk \u Yim
Gu\Y, TLpYpm - HZm YtUj RL. CLpYpm - CWiPm
YtUj RL,
28

2, JLp - Rt TVo; WU Bodm - GoU\ ]VfNm

3, A] - TijRL; E[Y - KLWm GoU\,
4, Nu - ]VfNm,
5, LTYo - ]VXQm TVo,
6, JdLm - RtTVo;
UE,

TRLo - ]jRL; Tm - TVm GuTRu

7, Ts[] - lU (Wd l) - C CPfNp; JsVYo ]VXQm TVo,

8, UdL - VeLs ]t; GnRdLp - Lt ]VfNm,
9, NVp - Apt EPuTh VeLs ]t; GnRt AV - GnRt GoLX ]VfNm,
10, RYUV. mRm
jRm BV RpL[ EYjRRp
RYUm; JdL - VeLs ]t,

(D) YVRp
(TL YpRp LjRp. CuNtRp. YTjRp. JjRp Gum SpYL
ETVeLs JjRp jRo SpYL Y-UVm Ak NVpTRp)

Ut\u Y
k
]Y
k RuY

QYk df NVp,

JpY RY RkRRu LiRef

NpYodf NpXR p,

EPjRm Y
VVo FdLju Fd
CPdLi kRo TXo,

AUkRe LLu A[YVu Ru]

VkRu Wk Lm,

Tn NL Uf UlTiPO
NX jl Tu,

dLmT W] W\k d
od V m,

BL \[h Re LpX
TL \LXd LP,

A[Yk YZRu YrdL E[TX

CpXj Ru\d Lm,

E[YW dLR JlW YiU

Y[YW YpXd Lm,

10

AgNtTs
1, ]Y = Ru NnVdLV NVu YU, Ut\u = TLYo; Q =
R]dm TLYodm QV]o; d = o d; NVp = NVtTL,
2, JpY = RmUVu\; AY = AV YiV YU; ARuLi Re =
AfNVu Li U]m UL[ tUL DTj;
NpYod =
TLUtNpYod,
3, EPjRm = RmPV; CPdLi - SXV, FdLm = U] Gf; Fd =
NVXj RPe. kRo - AkRYo (Rt\Yo)
4, Be AUk JLu = AVp YkRW Tk JL; A[YVu RuYUu A[Y AV; Ru]VkRu = R] Ru] EVoYLd
Lf NdTYu,
5, = UpRL; NL - Yi; Cm = m. Tu = Ht]p,
URX, YXYt. JhP Gm A, JYu Ru TLYW
YUVt\YWu CLrRp BL, YUVt\YWVm LlTXWL Ju d
LsYWu YUs[ AWNm AYoL[ J ThPL UV CLrkR
LWQjRp Rp\ Sm GuT T\lThP, CqY LOuRu LV
Td JjRRL Y\u\d AlT[l XlTjY
URXm,
6, LmTo = ClT; dLmTo = [u ; A\k = AqY[]d
LPk, Cm URp, TLYW YpXd LTYu Ru NpXjRdL
GpX YW UhU NpXp Yim, U\L Um Um NpY]u Ru
Edm C Rd LsTYu BYu GuT T\lThP,
7, B = S; Btu = Ldm Sp; A[ Ak = RUds[ Tu
GpXV Ak,
8, B B - Ts Ym Y;
ALXdLP = TLRu

Ch = V; T B = NXYm Y;

9, E[TX = Es[] TX,

Bt ][Yk L ATs
Tt YZem S,

29

10, E[YW = R]ds[ Tu A[; dLR = BWnk TodLR; YpX =

Wp; Y[YW = NpYju GpX,
30

CXdLQm
1, ]Y. QY - B\m YtUjRLLs; NVp - VeLs]t,
2, NpYo - ]VXQm TVo,
4. AVo - GoU\]VXQm TVo; JLu. AVu - (tLs GfNl
Tp YkR]) t\fNm,
5, TnNL - ]jRL; NXj - EfNt\Po; j - k
GuTRu \],
6, LmTo - DtlT;
RL,

dLmTo - uu]Lj RdL B\mYtUj

7, DL - VeLs ]t; YZem S - TVWfNjRPo,

8, BL. TL - ]j RLLs; ALXd LP - DLhP GoU\l
TVWfNm; L - RX kR RtTVo,
9, Ru\
Ru\dLm - NnV Gm YnTh ]VfNm;
TVo,

YrdL - Rt

Tt
I. ]:
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,

d\u TlLs VY?

d\d YZem YTVoLs VY?
YsYd YZem YTVoLs VY?
AUWs EnlT G?
Bs EnlT G?
UXm UQl TV G?
JUs BUTp - [dL,
TWY[u GjRLV?
SVPVu LiTm NpYjtd \lTm EYUVf hL,
TkRLVu LiTm NpYm GRt JlT]Rm?
tdLsRdLPj G?
JYu BWV YiV SpYL Y-ULs VY?
CPdLi kRo TXo - Vo?
T[l Tt YZem SVL YsYo EWlT] VY?
TnNL EQojm EiUV?
LVd LdL TLpYpm - [dL,
FdLPVYu JdLjtd LhPlTm EYUVf hL,
Ld LXURd Ht\ EYUVRp VeM]m?

II. T]:
1, APdLPUu \l] YsYo GeM]m jWd\o?
2, JYu SYPdLm TQYim GuTR]d \s YV Gjd LhL,
3, JlWY[] NpYm TVuT Ut] [dL,
31

4, YWm NXm JlT YZeU YsYo EWlT] VY?

5, JlWYVm A[Yk NnL Gu YsYo EWdU VeM]m?
6, dLmTo H]o A\k Fdu EodV m
- CRu LiQUkR A] [dL,
7, URXV [dd \[ Tjd LhL,
8, TLpYpm LVd LdL CLpYpm YkRod Yim T CRuLi AUkR A] [dL,
9, YtUV Gu\p Gu]? TPlTp Yks[ \hTdLk Gjd
Lhj RL,
10 Ld JdL mm TYj Ut\Ru
jRdL ojR CPj - CRuLi AUkR A] [dL,
III. S]:
1, APdLPU Tt YsYo m LjL[j RjRL,
2, JlWYRp Gu\ RXlu rYm LjL[ J LhW
Yp
YWL,
3, LXURp - YsYo EWlT]Yt\ CT YLp [eL YWL,
4, YVRp Gum ALWjp YsYo m LjL[j RjRL,
IV. P RoL:
1, Rr Uu CV EoX Gu TWhPl TY?
A) BVN
B) XlTLWm
C) d\s
2, d\s GuT.
A) APVjR LV TVo

B) TilTVo C) AuUj RL,

3, A\jlT-p Es[ ALWeLu GidL

A) 133
B) 38
C)35
4, A\jlTuLiQUkR CVpLs
A) AWVp AeLVp JVp
B) L[Vp LtVp
C) TWVp. CpX\Vp. \Y\Vp. FVp,
5, d\u TUV EQojm p,
A) TZU S
B) YsYUX C) SpYo SuUUX,
V. TjL,
A

\s

EYUV

]t hPi Es[m B\R

S]t hP Y
LdLdL mm TYj Ut\Ru
jRdL ojR CPj,
F o \kRt\ EXLYm
TWY[u ,
-Tn NL Uf UlTiPg
NX jl Tu
VY V TVjRXu VY
UgNl Tm

YtUV
URX
RYUV

32

VI. LhP CPeLp Ht\ NtL[ AUj GL,

1, JUs _______________
_______________ Pj,

YjRR Lp U]lTZdLm GuTo,

TZL,

IkRPdL Xtu

GPV AmU]o Gu]WeLj u]Ro

ZXZLo YVZLo LiQZLo Llp
GLUXl YZLo GmU]o GuPV
LZp Y[Vj RU LZpY[V Vd]W

2, VLY Wm _______________ LYdLp

NLlTo _______________ Th,
3, EPjRm_______________ FdLju Fd
_______________ TXo,

Snf NdLoAPLf NdLo LolWf NdLo

AZV NdLo LPmTY]f NdLo AeLVtLi
RV NeLj Rrf NdL Wu\u NkRRm
TZV Ntl TVuRok YCeLu TeV

3, ]Yk _______________ Ut\u Ym

_______________ df NVp,

YgV ]u\Yu\u FWjRu VUYu

YgV ]uTR]p Yn SokRu - YgVu
YgVu YgV VuWjm YgjRu
YgVn YgVo L,

4, TLp Ypm _______________ CLpYpm

YkRod _______________T,
5, F _______________ Rt\ EXLYm
_______________ ,

Pt TU]d PXo LU]d

Pl TY]t Pu - Pp
CZlTs TtLh CZV dm
Zlt ZTd Lk,

6, Tn _______________ Uf UlTiPm
_______________jl Tu,
VII.

CXdLQdl GL,

AREe
AYu
T[
APeLU
A[Yk
Ls

T\p
ALXdLP
EX
TnNL
Ru\d Lm
]Y

WU
TRp
E[Y
NX
dLmTo

Bs
L
LmTo
YZeS

NYk
IkRPdLp
BL

T[pXm
dLmTo
fNp

Zk
YWo
Ak
DL
dLR

kRo
BtYu
NLlTo
k

CpXjRdm Vo YV CYTt TX TPpLs LhLXm,

AuTm AdL\Vm A]p HPjl TdLUX GiQt\
Rrd LRL[f YdLXm,
Lmp UQdm UpL; Lp UQdm NkRr Gu\ EiUVk
EYL VnRXm,

VIII. jl Qof RL,

Bs
TWY[u
ThTVu

R[t
Afm
LdLdL

IX.TTR
TTR ElXdLQm RL,
LdL
APeVu
YZRu
TRp
H]o

ClTo
YrYu
VkRu
NpYo
hP

X.Uj\u
Uj\u Y[oTt:
NpXZm T[Zm CVk Vljm TPpLs Rp VL Es[].
Npf Npf Y LiL, jWm LlTZdLm NkRm SlTZdLm
33

RdLV \lTjL[ Jjl

34

RjR Vr UiPTjX VN hPm AqNu RuUm

XjRt Rt RnYl TYTt
LXjRt TPYCl T ]sLk
XlTt We]; Du\iPo
XjPl T\YUnm U\k rkRY,

4, RPoXf Nns
(A) YLkRU
Rr UuLi
kRUVm,

[em

ImTeLlVeLs

Ju

YL

kRU GuTRt Ju\R U GuT Ts, uR-pXR AZ

RrSP TtlTRm Rr UkRo Rm Sgp Yjl TtYRm Ckp
kRU Gu]p RPVRt,
CdLlVjR CVtj RZu]d A NnRYo jRdLRYo Gum
XYo TU]Yo, CYo NZ ShPf NokRYo, NUQ NUVgNokR \, CYo S
jRm Gu\Xm Gs[o,
YLkRUd UQ p Gu\TVm Ei, C SULs CXmTLm RXL
jXmTLm D\Ll Tuu CXmTLeL[d LiXeu\, jRm
Gum T]jRp AUkR Rp Rrd LlVm kRUV, Ckd EW
LiPYo EfUt XYoLs Sf]odVo BYo,
YLu \kR T AYuRn NV kRUV Gu AY] AZjRo,
AdZkR mV T Y Gu\ YrjR- LhP, AR]p AYu YLu Gu
AZdLlThPu, YLu YWXt\d m LlVUR-u Akp YLkRU G]
YZeLXt,

LkRYRjRVo CXmTLm
Ys UXs[ jVRWo YkRu LZYLu GuTu, AYu ULs
LkRYRjRd CWNUWjpRu UQm Lm GuTR jLo Xm
AkRu, G]Y. RjRu Gum YLuTp Ru UL[ Jlj CY[
VrlTX YpYd UQgNn LdL G] Yi]u, RjRu
AZjYWj RjR RuR QT GuTY[ CWNUWm YkRs, RjRu.
CY[ Vrl TX YpYu GY] AYd UQgNn LlTu Gu
WN\jRu, AR]p AY[ APVl TX Sh Uu]m ]o, Vr
UiPTjX
RjR Vr YjRs, AkR CV CNp u]W ]eLm
UnU\k u\], QT AWNoL[ VrlTd AZjRs, AWNoLs Vm
RjRd LWL Vr CNdL CVX UVe]o, CqY B SsLs LkR],
CRkR YLu RjRV Vrl Tp YpXd Lj Ru SiToL[ Vr
UiPTm APkRu, AWeX QT t\PV Vr TXm LQok YdLf
YLu AYt\Xd]u, \ J VZj R Nn Am SWmX RXUo
CkRR EQojj Ru RZu SXu L-k SWm Yed Lh]u, u]o
VN hl T]u, Tkm Zm Tp Thm VNu hm JjkR],
RjR GolThl TP Vu Wp Sej Rt\s, u YLd UX
h]s,
35

RjR CN UWdLtTlTRp
LeLl Ym H\
LV]e Lim BP
AeL Pm mU
RU Vk Ru\
CeLPt TY[f NqYn
\kYs T ][
SWmT Q Su
SPkRR Yu SkRo,

AWNoLs VYm RjRPm Rt\p

UXod LUXj ReLh
P]m WpY RlT
UXod LR TP
GZp YL Wo Rt\o;
GUXoT TY[f NqYn
Cu]Wm [W UkRo
SWm NLs TPp
EPkR]o Tu] ]hL,

YLu VrlTo L Vr UiPTm APRp

LQ Nu YnV
[eL j iPo
LSPd LY Std
L-Vt W Lnk
Y ] V UX
YhTP U\Yo Z
AWf NeL UolT
ASLo u]],

36

TXYLVm BWnk CqVr Su\u\p

RjR YLPm VZjRWl TjRp

LjRYX Tt\
LPjPl Qu Ur
jYn oj UpX
SejRu R kRp
CdYi Vf NokRo
Llpm Lt pGt\L UoTt uVr
Cnjd LU Gu\s,

YLu V] BWnRp
RPeLQs T]p
R]q Q Vu]
SeLQs GV
d nj h]s
UPeLXu] Unm]u
YL Yu LiRu
PkRO]j RpXVd
[dL t Sd]u,

YLu Vu t\m ARp

Wk Y]m pok
UnkSk u\V Tt
TWkR Lsj \TV
TkRo UoTu TmTuVr
SWm R]oj R]ji
SpXs Q TpXU
CkR GXs u\[
Sd Nu C Nu]u,
ou [t YiP;
u YkR TL;
You [m Gp SXjRn
Yhi t\SPdL;
Km EU iP
RL JiTu LV
oNp LL YuTt
\lu \mU CYu\u,
37

LpNo iLs AZVn

LUj Vp YkRYoTt
LpX ZYo PlThd
We YkR ;L
pX kR R]lTdj
U UokR \m
SpVr hP ALi
SeL SXjR Yu\u,

CX UPkR u\
m Tum LjRn
SX ul TuOi
Xs Uj mTp
JSXe L hP
EiSn Sum e
ASXe L YsYn
Ak YkR Ru\u,

10

AkRVm t\m EiU

kRP SWmu U
RXl Tm Kl
kRP VY LQl
Orj WUe LhPj
ReLUr K Rt\s
NpYd Lu] UkRu
Ye SXu Ls
Yo SWm LiPu

11

YLu Vr hl TRp
TYm TmTt TjRo
Tp]l TY[ B
ULP Ulu Y[o
UPL YWj kRu
AT\J Vu]
Ar\r SWmu SpVr
LLr L[ Li
LPXLm Y[dL t\u,
38

12

4, LQ = p-u hP Am (GnVlThP Am); Nu = YLm TX;

YnV = mTjRdL; C = W; Lp = Lt; L-VtW = LeLtlTX
WkR SP]PV WLs;
Lnk Y] = LpXo EXd
L[jRZ-p LdLnk YdLlThP V ;
ASLo = AZV UiPTm;
] = oU,

YLu CNdLj RjR Go CN RPeLp

Tkm ZmTt Thm GZm
kRof YLtL NokR]Yu \i
kRL VrTi QRu RtTu
CkRs C[UpTp HkZYt LiQs

13

RjR Wp Sej RpRp

TiQu TP XYu TpY[dL
UiQu UpWm YsSWmu UpSPY
iu Ve Pm SSe
Giu URo CNRt kR][,

14

- jRdLRYo,
AgNtTs
1, X = p; Xj Rp - (Rp X)Tp Si HtV p; Rp
= V StPV LkRY RjR; RnYl TY = RnYjRt NnR Lp-l
TY; LX = CNdLX; GC = VZ Yj; Tp = NX; We] =
Y[kR]; T\Y = u]W]m Gum T\YLs; CY CNV J-lTp
\kRY,
Ju\Vu
CQV;
Bm
TiUn
[eY],
LXjRp
TkRl
TRp
TiQp.
TYhPQ.
BWnRp.
RYWp. NX. [Vh. Lr. mTd Gu\Gi YLV] \UVk
TRp, Vr YjRXp NXLs Y[kR]; iLs RW Du\]; ClTPp
L-jRUm,
2, LeL = LV Je. (LV Uo JePV Ym); P = Lj; L
= Je; L= [dLm; G = Tp; mU = PdL; Q S = NWjR
QVLdY CN p UW ( EPmT Yj Vr h]s) CqYiQm
TY CNUW GuTo,
LiUV LiPk V L\NV
TiQ[m YnRu\ TpRV Gi-Y
Ls[o SkRVt LRY] LkRYo
Es[[l TPp EQo, - GuT CN UW,
TYL : AodLSX BVjRm, 2 - 12 BVjReLs,
3. LR = LkRYRjR; WpY = BWYjRp; R]m= YiLu hPm;
GZp
YL
=
Vu
T;
Wo
=
(RpVPkRYW
Wo
Gu\) CLrfd l; Wo = Thd YkR AkRQo; GUXo = dLUXo;
Cu]Wm= Vu CV SWm;
NqYn = LkRYRjR;
E[W = RPY;
EPkR]o = Rt\]o;
TPp = PtlTPp;
Tu Au]s = ULs
TpYs (RjR),
39

5, LjR Yp = E\u GjR Yp;

LPm - L; Yp H Tt\= Yp
HRXl Tt\; Q = TiUu; Ur = UVe; Ynoj = TfNk,
Cd = Rl; Llpm Ltp- = J LVj Rm Ut\
LVl TX QTVj R; R = QT; CV = X
KP;
LU = LlTn; Enjd LjRXY = Y TX VrL[m
Lj VZm AY]Y EnjRk \ SpX VZd LjRp,
6, RPeLiQs = ALu\LiL[PV LkRYRjR; G = E\; Unm
= Y-U; UPeLp = eLm; SeLiQs - QT; [dLt = AdL
Gi,
7, UnSk Du\ = ULm EPpYkl TkR UZj; Wk = \k;
= (Ce) TUZ; R]ojR] = YiWu\ TX;
i = SWmTj
Rj;
TpXU = t\PU; SWmt \kR TpXUVY]. NmTL.
Bol. Pm. Ao GuT], NmTL GuT = CuTp KN; Bol GuT
A[\kNlT; Pm GuT UeNlT, Ao GuT RWdSo
EfNlN; CqY CNVe UTRp UWdt\jRp GuTo, UWdt\UY].
Xt\p.
ARp. SlX YRp. TX t\p. CRp R-V],
CYV TiLs UVeYRtd LWQm GuT,
8, L = QTVd dm; C[t = U-kR; u YkR = p Pk
AV; LL = TULs. YN; Yh i Et\ = Y[p Yhl ThP;
EU EiP = C]p RdLlThP, JiTu LV = JsV
Tu Tu\ULWkReL[ Edm L Tu\Y[,
9, LpX = pXXm;
We = Y[k;
pX = RY; Um
AtL; SeL SXjR - RjR TXY X R-VYt\t \lPV,

10, XUPkR = Tt\Rn; (TWkR BLVm) Cm = N-jRn; LjRn =

N-jRn; ul TuSi = u]p BV Tu]W Oi; p U
= ULkRm UZ (UZVV mTp) L = AZ Tk;
SnSu =
dLYp. ALo. LeLt. RiQu\Zp; CY Su]m RdLlThj
Ru NqZjRp; YsYn Ak = Y]p YhPlTh,
11, RXlT = SSWm;
K = Np-;
= d; kRP =
dL[XV UX; Srj=R[oj. EPj; Yo SWm = iP
dLUkR SWm; AY = SeL; Vr Su\L CjR-u R]df NUUL
SWmT Uhm LiPu; UkRu = YLu; SXu = YLu Rm; K = kRp
(kRXPVYs)
12, TjRo = Vu Jo El; YsBo = JTkV; LLr L[ = jLoL[p
LZlThP YLu; Tp] = TXYV YXlT Es[; LPXLm = LPXp
ZlThP EXLm; UPLm = Vr SWmT Cjd Lhe L; TYm = YjRp
R-X Ym,
40

13, Th = YVp Tm Th; GZp = VZp EiPm CN; Tkm Zm

TtThm GZm - Tkm ARu Zm TXl Thm VNm CQV
JjjRp, Tk T\dPjR \V EVok AkXjuLiu Bnk
um Am\V UuUp EVou\t TXl TP YiR-u CqY
EYdLlThP; kRL= (CYW pXR) UVL,
14, URo = LkRYRjR; TiQu TPXYu = Thm VNm Y
Y\jRp; P SeRp = Wp SeRp; Giu = GiQm Cu
]Zk; UiRp = TiRp, (YjRp)13. 14 Bm TPpLs L-jRUm,
CXdLQm
1, GC - Np-NV[TP; Rp = AuUjRL; TY - EYUV
TVo; CXTp - CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPuRdL RL;
Xj Rp - B\m YtUj RL;
2, LeL - TijRL; CeLPp - TijRL; LP - EfNt\Po;
LV]eLi. TY[fNqYn - EYUjRLLs,
3, UXo - ]jRL; LR - EYUVTVo; GUXo- EYUjRL;
NqYn - AuUjRL; (LkRYRjR) JlT - EYU; Cu]Wm TijRL; E[W ,,,, EPkR]o - NVYu YnTh ]VfNm; SWm
- ]jRL; LsTPp - ]jRL,
4, LQ - ]jRL; iPo - TijRL; Y]. [eL ]jRLLs;
YhTP - CTVWhl TijRL;
AW ]jRL,
5, LjR Yp - TVWfNm;
TijRL,

LU - U uXVN; CuVr -

6, Au] - EYUE; d. Enj - ]VfNeLs; SeLi - TijRL;

PkR O]m - TVWfNm; RPeLi - EfNp RPo,
7, Wk. ok. Sk - ]VfNeLs; G] - EYUE;
TpXU GoU\j RtTVo;
u\s - ]VXQm TVo; GXs - l
]t,
8, TL. SPdL. JL - VeLs ]tLs; AmU - uXVN; JiTu
- TijRL; Km - AN,
9, LL Yu - SuLm YtUj RL \l Tp YkR;
TijRL; SXjR - l ]t;

SpVr-

13, kRo - ]jRL; Yt LiQs - EYUj RL,

14, SPY - NnV Gum YnTh ]VfNm; SSe - CWhPd[;
Pm - C\kR RCV GfNmU,

Tt
I. ]:
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,

kRU - TVod LWQm RL,

kRUd YZeLlTm Y TVo V?
kRUp GjR] CXmTLeLs Es[]?
jRdL RYo ]kR Y\ p V?
RjRu VNVp LrkR] VY?
RjR CNUWdLtT CN YZeVU VeM]m?
Llpm L - [dL,
Tkm Zm Tp - EYUV [dL,

II. T]:
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,

YLkRU - CXdV YWX RL,

YLu VuTp LiP t\eLs GY?
YLu Su\u LiP Vu \lLs VY? Ap LiP t\m V?
RjR YLtj Rpt\R [dL,
CPghl Ts [dL,
1, SWmT Q Su SPkRR
2, Cnjd LU,
3, SeL SXjR C,
4, ReLUr K Rt\s NpYd,

III. S]:
1, YLu LkRYRjRV Vrl Thp Yu\LrfVj Rj
YWL,
IV. CXdLQdlTL,
YtLi.
LQ
LU
LjRYp
LjRn
TmTu
SWm E[W
LiPu

UPeLXu]
R]ojR]
Ye

kRP
GC
SpVr

Yhi
iPo
[eL
kRP

RnYl
TY
T i Q u
Gt\L

V. jl Qof RL,

10, LjRn - HZu RL,

11, Ye - Nn Gum YnTh ]VfNm; LUr K - AuUjRL
(]jRLl \jl \kR),
12, L[ - EYU BTVo,
41

XjRp
Ar\r
YhTP
TkRo

YX
R]m
TmTu
EU

42

VI. TTR ElXdLQm RL,

SkRo
T]s
EPkR]o
u]u

JL
kR
Et\u
NokR]

Ye
RtTu
h]s
Sd]u

LiPu
CkRs
Nu]u

VII.uYm AL[l Ts [eU jRL,

1,
2,
3,
4,
5,

L[nSe [ [de LTPWj \Ud

L[V dTYu L-Vm TU],

UXod LUXj ReLh P] WpYRlT

ou [t YiP; u YkR TL
Km EU iP RL Yi TuLV
CkR[ UpT XkZ Yt LiQs,
TiQu TPX Yu;

- O]NmTkRo

cU Y[o EXp UPUp H TX

N-Q] S ;
LL]L ]R ARWm!
UXoYn \kR YojR NpX[,
- TWRNu,

VIII.LhP CPeL[ Ht\NtL[p WlL,

1,
2,
3,
4,

YLkRUV CVtVYo _______________

kRUV Gu AZdLlThPYo _______________
YLkRUd EWLiPYo _______________
YLkRUp Tu Ym T]m _______________

XI.Uj\u Y[oTt: AL,

1, UQm GuT Wju AlTPt\u AUkkR, WoLu HRRp.
\YRp. - LpXp R-V Wf NVpL[p LYWlTh ULo AqWoL[
UXhPRL CXdVeLs u\],
LpXtd LPg Y] UUm
pX[ BVULs
- L-jRL
2, GjL[ KN u\m Lm J-jl TZRp Yim, Sm AUj
RrUdLi AUkR NnsL[f Np-l Toj KN SVm TZL,
p :
EVoY\ EVoSXm
EPVYu VY]Yu
UVoY\ USX U]u VY]Yu
AVoY UUWoL [T VY]Yu
VW PW RR Zu U]]
- SmUrYo
Sp
VR SPU WU Xu]Yu
NkQe LpXR Y
- YsYo
43

44

(B) \lWQm
C\Yu jRo SLs SVLm AYoLu V YWXt] GjVmm
CV Rr p \lWQm,
\j Gum AWf Np Rr UWtLtTf \ Gu YZeLlThP,
\ GuTRt YrdL GuT Ts, WQm GuT YWX, G]Y
\lWQm GuTRt SLs SVLju YrdL YWX G]Xm,
Ckp
XRjd LiPm. q Yjd LiPm. wWjd LiPm Gu\u Tm
L[m 5027 jRlTdL[m Li CXeY:
CY \V
\lVtLiPm. Nm ThLiPm. NXVtLiPm G]m Tm, TU]o
\kRm C[U LrLm UQm XRjd LiPjp EWdLlTu\],
Y]Yo l\p Xm U\SLs TU]od A[lThPm ARuu
UdLjp SPkRYm qYjd LiPjp TNlTu\], UdLjR hl
TU]o U]m Nu\m u X jRtLL LrkR ToLm \m
w\jd LiPjp YWVlThs[], \lWQjp SLs SVLju Yr
tULl T \ NnVlTPpX,
T AU UWdLVo GuTYoRm TU]u V Yr Um
TjRo, A u]f \ Gu YZeLlT\,
\lWQjR CVtVYo EUlXYo, CYo GhPVWm LL jl XYu
UQYo, Nn Alp Lo UWdLVo Gu\Ys[p RdLu YiLu
YiQU EUl XYo \lWQjR GRj RPe]o, p tm u]U
RdL U\kRo, u Ap Lm Gu\Ys[-u ERVp \lWQm \
Tt\, EUlXYo Ap Lm AYoL[ -u TX CPeLp ] ok
TtY lPjRdL,
EUlXYo
UUX
Gu\GiT
TPjRjs[o, LXm T]Zm t\i,

TdL[p

BV

Xm

PhP TPXm
TLYoLdl XlTPY SLs TU]o ATdLo Gu\ Rm QYW
R[o UXdLp RekRoLs, J NUVm ATdLo Up RXNnjl
TU]o p LiPoLs, AkR UXdLp \V Y[Ls CkR],
AYts J Y[u YVLl TmTu RX ht, ATdLo TU]u
E\dLjd CP YWYiQm RU UXPVd j AkRl Tk]
APjRo, Tm Y\ Tku YV RXV hP AR]m j
ATdLo APjRo, ClT Y[L[pXYt\m APjm im J Tku
YV Tm YYkR, UXPj tm ok T]Rp ATdLo RU
Es[eLX Yj AkRl ZV APjRo, ]t\Tm ATdLo LXl
TX\it, TU]u p LXk Pd PR Gu\LY ATdLo
RU LX ALt\Um ANVUm CkRo, Sg RXdL UVdm T
SVLj U Li jRoLs, SgN AXUm Rm QYWl Toj Et\
]]oLs, ATdLm LrkR EWjRo, TU]o Tm]l TojjRm
Hm e NnVkR Tm ]k iVRu]] ]]oLs, Tm
45

TU]u Lm Lm SdL Ljd PkRRm LjRd

LQVXRY ATdLo RjRRp iVRm GjWjR, TU]o
Tmt As kjRoLs, u SgN UVekR Rm QYu
TRjX RU Yp FV Gfp ARjRp Sg mT A]oLs,
TU]u Gfp ARm RPYl Tt\m Up HV Sg ok ATdLo
\SXm [l Tt SVLj UVl Tk RRo,

PhP TPXm
SVLjU AYoLs ATdLo Up Tjj Rp
SLWh PLu Lur SLjPj \k Rm
CLXYo Lit LQ kRY de LX
LX TdLo Nq UNl TkR YNk
LrWg Noj Ys[p Nkp Y R]o,
1
Tm RXhRp
U\S X u\UXZ VRu LiQ
Y[ V]L UeLo Y[t LeLi YqYnj
R[l WlTt iQf Tl TPjR Ngh
PrY-d LV TkRs CkRX ht \u\,
2
ATdLo Y[V VPjRp
TV TWlTf NnV LmUm T W
UNj u\ kR Y[Pj RWe LiPm
YRq Y\ Yu] Y Sg[k TojR
PYt jf tl T\ RPj u\o,

Y[Lp Ju Uhm APTPjRp

JY[ Vu V UPjR]m EWLm De
YUu U\lT V Xj Ys[Xoj
WUj Rp Su\u \]Pp dhPel
TYWp Uk u\o TYW Y XW

Y[-k Tm RXhP ATdLo LX h APjRp

UN kR Lk ULm ANk PUp
LS\l Tg Nqd LUXUu UXojRs h
PYW \m TW-p YV Yk Ru\
P]\s[e LpLi P]\YPjR Wu\,

46

Tm ATdLWj iRp
\lTPt LRn YLm TedLi NYk
U\lTm Y[d [okR YpPp Sj hd
lT LkR Sue ZY\oj Yni
\lTP s[k Rt LqV WL Uu\,

HR \g NnR uY Lrk RiQUp

Rp XYWl TX SmP VRu Yk
\d LV YLk RXd L[f ]k
YR]l TPYn YjR Ru]] Wt LhPo,
6

ATdLo LX GdLdLl Tm im im iRp

lTm Y[t LX jXo Ljm Gu]d
LlT LkRm Sum \lTPf f l
TlTm EPX el TP U]jg k
VolTm YL d Li PdLd LjR Ru\.

Sgu YLm H ATdLo UVeRm TU]o jRm

Tu]e LV YLm TWkPp A]jk Rdf
Nut TWlTf Nt\kRu UVdLk Ru\j
RuX R[W s[k R[m TVoj PUp
AkX kRo Nq VUm jR Wu\,

UVdLt kR ATdLPm SLs ]Rp

UPj Wi Nq UWUXo jR Ru]
VYu Ro LiLs jR TdLo RmU
Vp SdLf Nt\UVdLt kRod Li
V LWQeL[m E[Yt L Uu\o,

Tm UU Rp
SV LXt\ TVu ]jRYod Lj
m Trp RlTY WYWm Wj
RRp Su\m A]p RkRR Vul
T ]oRY X]] WjR TkRs,

AWY Lu\u GX TdLoNm UXojRs

Re L Yt LP ULX
UW Rrj ] W-]p Yel
WV \jRP ]oNm LrLm UY,

14

C[ LtV LWYu LW] Rt

T Ttm AoRo EPXXm TWkR
LV YqPm A]jRm AY\d Lk
Nm LkLi PVUn UN\j PjR,

15*

Tu] LdL PlTm TYWp ok

u NeLo YX TdLm \Xo
Uu]o Uu]Yo LmU SPu YWu
Cu NlL Zm V]jR kRo,

16
- EUlXYo,

AgNtTs
1, Lu = L; SLm = UX.Dij
Wm = RX,

10

SLs TmPm ]Yp

AU\l T[n u\u AUjR Tu]LU VeLs
YW] dL t Ykk R]Up XUp
TPu E]dV t\m Tu\iP
RW]m u]o u] VtV RY iP?
47

13

SLs Tmd Ls V ATdLo Sg eLl TRp

ATdLo Tm iVRd Rp
Pei s [okR Z Vut \XV hPj
RPeLsL Lp XRt \] ojd Lk
RPeX YiQm eL RPjR]u [lTt TkRs
PeLs Lu\t Yt LjR Ru\,

12

R[o UXdLis[ J LVd jR;

2, Z = L; Y[ = t; Tm Res[ CPm, WlTp = [VPV Tp;

iS = iTp [kR Sd; Ngh = Tmu TPm; TkRs = Tm,
3, PY - ( UoTl TojkR) ; Y = Ag; E[k = U]m Yk;
T\ = U]m LXe (T\p = UVeRp); T = sLs,
4, EWLm. T = Tm; TYWp = uTm; jW = dLm; L = UQm,

11

5, Lk = TW; S\= Ru;

CpXRY,

Tm = Wmm;
48

TWp = Lp;

CP]\= CPm

6, LkRm = TtLs;
YLm = ]m; Es[kRs = Es[eLp; Yni[ =
YVl[k; LqV = TtV;
7, AolT = ]jR; dLi =
Nn[N L lTm G] Yks[,

LdLi;

Tm

GuT

8, Tu]m = NpXVXR; YLm = Sgu YLm; Nu = RX,

9, UWUXo = RUWUXo; VYu = C\Yu; Lm = Npm;

10,

[lTp - CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPu RdL RL,

11, AU\- Tij RL; u\u - ]VXQm TVo; E]dV E]d + V - tV-LWm, ( = d + C)
12, SmP - Tij RL;
13,

]jRYo. RlTYo - ]VXQm TVoLs,

14, NmUXo - Tij RL; NmLr - TijRL; UXojRs - EYUj

RL; UW - RUW. Rt\

10, LLm = BP; Lp = Lt; Lu = Erk,

11, Tu]Lm = Tm; YW = UX; RW = p,

15, YqPm - Tij RL,

12, P = Y[.Tk; RpXRYu = CpXRYu,

16, NeLo - TijRL; u NeLo - ]jRL

13, RRp = LpRp ; W = UTh. TLULi

Tt

14, WV\= t\U\; UW = RUW (Di Lm); CRr = ER; CRrj = Gfp,
15, AY\= AY[m CpXUp; Lk = d; YqPm = LV Sg;
16, Vu = C\Yu,

CXdLQm
1, Nkp - TijRL; CLXYo - l ]VXQm TVo ; LrWm
= ]jRL,
2, Xu\= p + Bu + A LrLXl TVWfNm; UXZ - HZm
YtUj RL; Y[. LeLi. YqYn. T = TijRLLs
3, Y. E[k. j. t. APj -]VfNeLs, TojR PY TVWfNm; T\ - NnV Gum YnTh ]VfNm; CX - CpX
GuTRu CPd\LWm;
4, APjR]m - E[lThj RuUl TuU ]t; AXo - GoU\
]VXQm TVo; A+p+ B+ Bo - A-T. p- Bt\p EQojm
CPX. B-GoU\CPX (Qok LhP) Bo = TXoTp ]t
,

I. ]:
1,
2,
3,
4,

\lWQm Gu\RPu Ts V?
\lWQm GjR] LiPeL[PV? AY VY?
\lWQm RPeLm tl T\m Q u\Ys[t TUdLs VYo?
EUlXYo - BVo l YWL,

II. T]:
1, AiQp TUu UXdLp p LiP VeM]m?
2, Tmu NVm ATdLo NnLm VY?
3, APTPkR Y[u YV ATdLo GqY APjRo?
4, Tm ATdLWj iV Hu?
5, QokR SLs ]m RZoPm VY?
6, SLs TUu TmPm ]Vm Tmu UUm VY?
7, ATdLdl TUu Sg ojRV VeM]m?
III. S]:
1, ATdLPV Auu Bt\Xm
ojRVRm [d YWL,

SLs

TUu

7, f - AdjRPo. TPm - ]jRL;

IV. uYm AL[l Ts [eU j RL,

1, SLWh PLu Lu r SLjPj \k
2, YRq Y\ Yu] YSg [k
3, PYW\m T-p YV Yk Ru\
4, Pe is[okR Z Vut \XV hP
5, HR \g NnR uY Lrk RiQUp
6, SV LXt\ TX]kRYod Lj,

8, TWk. Rd - ]VfNeLs; R[W. TWkPUp - GoU\]VfNeLs,

V. LhP CPeL[ Ht\NtL[p WlL,

,ULm - EYUjRL; LS\- EfNt\Po;

RL; Au\- ANX; UuUXo - TijRL,

UXojRs = EYUj

6, YpPp - TijRL,

9, UWUXo - Rt\;
BTVo,

Gu] - EYU; U - LjdB YkR EYU

1, EUlXYu BVo _______________ BYo,

2, NXVtLiPm G]lTY _______________ Bm,

49

50

AYW

Sg

3, u]f\ Gu\ZdLlm X CVtVYo _______________ BYo,

S\r Tt

4, EUlXYo CVtV Ut\ p _______________

5, SLs TUu
_______________

ATdLPu

RekR

Ls[

UXu

TVo

6, TkRs. EWLm. Tu]Lm. T. AW Gum NtLu Ts _______________

GuTRm,

CPP Np-l TZL,

1,

LW YP YW V oR
NX T pX]d Lh]o

2,

Rje LWP LP RPj

Rkl \du Ulp [
RW[k R]d Xi,

3,

]e LpX LpXd LpX

Ys[l Ts[ B],

4,

Rr Ejp YU ULs,

7, PhP TPXm _______________ LiPjp Es[,

VI. CXdLQdl YWL,
ULm
[lTp
AXo
AU\

f
CuN
UWUXo
CLXYo

TPm
GrYY[
R[W

LS\
UXZ
SmP

VII.jl Qof RL:

LeLi
YqPm
T
[lTp

UWRr
NmLr
YpPp
UXojRs

NmUXo
CP]\
AU\

YXjRs
UN\
WV\

VIII.ElXdLQm RL:
E\k
LQ
Noj
LiPm

t
APjR]o
RP]o
AXo

PjR
CkRo
ok
E[k

Y
GiQUp
Pe

IX. Uj\u Y[oTt:

PhP TPXjp Es[Tp o AkR RuUf Nn Y Clu JlL,
G,L,
Jl :
1, TWWUu Ru UQdLu Lu]u Up RXYj E\eL. YiPu
RPVd Pk TLf NnR, Lu]u Ru BVo E\dLm
LXRXLR Gu L AkRd LV uTjRj Red Li
AUokkR UTWRfNn,
2, AlVLu UkRu jR SdLW Tm iPl Tt\ Li
AlTWLs Ju LXm Gu\RYWlTLm CNj eLX EnVd
LiP TV WQ YWX,
Es
YT NUVUXm k Todu
[eTWm T[ u [VhPpXp
UTe LjpX p U]
Yp SjWsTp YVet\mU

- RU]o,
51

52

(C) U]uUVm
SPLjRr pLs RXVV \l]PVRL [eY U]uUVm,
SPLd LlVeL[p \ll Tt [em YPUd DPL Slf Nqm
CXdVf Nqm JeL AUVl Tt\, CkSPLm
-hPu W GuTo
BeXjp GV CWLV Y Gu\Xj R AUkR, Gm C Yp
Gu] Rp p G]Y Ls[lTm oUPV, TeLlV pLdV
CVtL YiQ]. LtT]Vp.
RjYf N. EXVp EiU R-V
LjLs
AUV
GRl
Ttlm
Nns
SPp
dPm
SPLjRuUdLt\EWVPt \lLPm Ckp RuLWt [e\,
AeLeL[m LhL[m AUj GY SPL Sup UW, CkSPLm
Ik AeLeL[m CT LhL[m Li [e\, CPV YL
NRm Gum Qd LR Jum CPm Tts[,

YLu WW
AeLm : 4
L[m
: 1
LXm
: LX - TPTpL[m, UkRo
YLu:

CkSPLjRj RZu]d CVtVjRYo.

TWVo T, kRWms[
BYo, CYo LW[ UXjRf NokR BXlZ Gum Ft \kRo, RkR TUs s[. Rn- UPj AmUVo, CYo Y]kRWm AWNo Lpp
RjYl TWVWLl TkRo, LPL Spo kRW YLs GuTYWj RU
O]VWLd Li J YkRo, CYo LXm 1897 (19 Bm t\i)
CYVtV \pLs : p RL [dLm. O]NmTkRo LX BWnf,.
Reol TiP Uu]o LX BWnf GuT], AkS[V Nu] ULQ AW
CYd WqTLo ThPm YZef \ljR, RrS AW U]uUVm
kRW]o
TpLXdLZLm
Gum
TVp
TpLXdLZLm
Ju\l
TUlTjs[, CYW WeLPjR Gu\Rr YrjlTPX RZL
AWu RrjRn YrjRL HtLlThs[,

TPlT
UWV BiP TiV Uu]u YLu, TeTp Ls[Ut\E[j]u,
Bm YgNL AUfNu Xu
rfLd BhT\u, AYPV
TZmTVV UWVhj SpY-X LhPVUjj Re\u, V
LhP Y-UVt\RL ClTR]m TLYo Yk RdYWu Wp rk
m GuTR]m EQokR kRW Yo RUd Ko A\V Yil Tt ARu
YV WeLlTR Ju AUd\o, YLu JW ULs U]uU. NW ShPWNu
PjRU]d L]p Li LRp YVlT\s, AYPV S-]d LiP
kRWYo U]uUd Wp UQm LrjRp Yim Gum
NWUu]] AYd Ht\Yu Gum AYdj TdL Gum YL]l
Td\o, XPV RXh]p AYuULu TXRY] NWPm
Np\u, TXRYPV \Vt\TfNp ]m LiP NWu TiV Shu
TPVj Y\u, TWo Ls[ YLu Ru TPWoLd EWdm
WWV SU TPlT,

AkRQo Y[odg NkRZp Rum

ShP U]s hV ]j
Au\ Y]od LuU EYl!
YkRd LVYog kRt LjV
YkRZt LYW CkR]m BL!

WoLs:
YLu:

BL !

BL !!

Cuo km CWjRUo m
uLm TXm LrjU CkRl
TiVo EU TWhm Ti]o
iPuu kRo AYoRm Nd
RkRWm AYodo; YNUt \u
]u Su\nd L] R]
G]W N\U GjN Vodm!
CjRl Tpo Hte LVm
jRe Ljf NVU Ud
jRh PjR jW V
GjR] RX\d XdLn tm!

WoLs :
YLu :

- YLY - WoLs

_ ! _!!
Todd LVU Lu LVm
VodL Yndm B!B! Sdu
A]kRk RX\YkR UdLs
]k]k RU Tdg RkRWm
RkRRm u]o SkR iQif
kRVu f kYo Lio
Gu\ Xli CWkLh PdL
Au\ A\o AnV Am
iQ Lu LiQ GYW
iTP Xt LPm TPkRo,
LPm Tuq LPm TUn
LQeLQk Rud LQeLQm U\m
QmTX CYWXm \kR WuTY!
- TWVo T, kRWms[,

53

54

VI.ElXdLQm YWL,

AgNtTs
NkRZp = Ysp h\Sl; Y]o = RYoLs ShPU]m =
ShlTt; CkR]m =\; ELm =Lm; (F) kRo = TLYoL[; YNm =
fdLt; CeL EoZjlT, NVU = (NVXh) YtjULs;
CXdLn = Vn;
APV[Un. ToddLVm -Tp DThPRu
APV[UV i; Lu LVm - LPm; A]kRm = Yt\; CWk LhPdL
=
md LVku T\jRdL; A\o =EWlo; LuLi = Lu
APV[m; CLPm =(Sn. YU R-VYt\t dLlThj uTjtL[
U\m) CLZjRdL EPm,

NkRZp. YkRZp - TijRLLs; BL - VeLs ]t; BL

BL - Adj RPo; iPuu - uXl TuU HYp ]t; Tod
- HZm YtU Em TVm EPuRdL RL; LQeLQm - AdjRPo;
GuTY - KLWm ],

Tt,

BL
LjV,

Y]od Gum EYlTL ClT V?

WN\m T \YiV] VY?
Lu LVm - G?
CWkLhPdL V?

1, U]uUVjR CVtVYo,
A) kRWms[
B) kRWYo

C) kRWo

,U]uUVm -uLiYm QdLR,

A) YLu NTRm B) YLNRm
C) YLu NpYu

3, kRWms[Vl Tt LULjRZL AW V,
A) TpLXdLZLm B) AWNYdLOoT
C) A\dLhP[,
4, U]uUVm SPL -u BdLjtj Q u\BeX p,
A) CWLV Y
B) KjRpX C) UhNlTVQm,

VIII.Uj\u Y[oTt,
YLu EWjR WW TX ShlTt] Y[odm W UL[ pLp
Rl TL,

II. T]:
TWVo kRWms[ - lTL,
U]uUVm - tl YWL,
_, _ Gu TPOo Bodm TVL YLu EWjR] VY?
LPm YndLlTt\u TUV BVo GeM]m s[o?
\kRo G]lTPRo Vo?

TWR S TZmTm S
WRu RpYo Ck ]YLt \o
TWR S TodLXm XLm
WRu RpYo Ck ]YLt \o!
Rnj ShPj RLoj XfNW
UnjP mTu YrUo YrLp

III. S ]:

- TWVo

1, TPWW Sd YLu EWjR WW]j RjRL,

IV. CXdLQdl YWL,
YkRZp
iPuu

LPm
Tod

BL BL
]k]m

GuTY
]u

V. jlQof RL,
YkRZp
LPm
AYodo

Ru

5, YLu YRnd LhP V CPm,

A) dLhP
B) UW
C) SpY-

I. ]:

1,
2,
3,
4,
5,

APkRo
kRo

VII.PRoL:

CXdLQm

1,
2,
3,
4,

iPuu
Yndm

Tod
VodL
WN\U,
55

iQi
]j

ShPU]m
CYWXm

tm YWlTjR YVm B
RdVSp YndLm YLlT j
StNW E TVu [dm
\Zlj RsL[Xm GYu RsLs?
Lt[k UX[k LLs Yhd
LVXm NnRkR LRu VoL?
TtL[d LPpjR Ud XjRl
TVdL APdV f NYu f?

-TWRNu
56

NkRm AL,
SkRnRUo SeLRXo,,,,
SgNn\o SkRW
SkRVUp YkRS
SkRrVo RkRYi
kR S u\Yo
RkRY kRZ
AlTm APpLlTm Lj
lTm PXlTm Cl
TlTm YNPl To
lTm YRlT
SPlTm S
G] Yel
TWNWl TVu,

(D) pTh
Th]lTp BfNVm Tu N CpXVP! Gu VkRYo LOo
lWUV TWVo BYo, jd UYhPj GhPVWjp u]N
IVdm CXd AmUVdm UL]Ll \kRYo, AUlThd PkR
CkVp LiPkR RX YhLdj Rm LRL[p EWm
FhVYo, RVL Gum ULL Gum Tt\lThPYo, CkV. _V
Gu\CRrL[ Yhd LhWL[m Ljl TPeL[m BeXV
BhV[oL[j Q\f NnRYo, RNjWu CRZVWLf X Ss
[eVYo,

-kRWm s[,

TWVo LRLs. TgN- NTRm. LiQu Th. pTh R-V

LRLs Uhu O]WRm. NkLu LR. RW R-V EWSP
pL[m GVYo, CYPV YN] LRLs YphhUu Lp lWu
R-V LOoLu LRL[ JlPj RdLY,
RXdV YWXtp J V T TWV RPe\ G]Xm,
u]l TZm T[nl u]l U YnkRRV Rr UVj
\udLRn Bdm AOo TUdLs TWd Ko R CPm Ei,

BV p SVm TW
Vm Nm V YNLm - YkRURWm!
YkR Tm
SkR Um
SkRNjR!
YkR NpY
YkRURWm!!

TWVu TgN-NTRm. LiQu Th. p Th Gum lTm

TPpLs Ju\] pThu J T SU TPlTVL CPmT\,

- TWVo,

L]l T\Y LXLX UNm

Lt UWeLPd Lh Nm
Bt WN A V-m
Xl TeLPXk SWU RNdm
KXj PV dm CNm
UPl TiLs Y[U LR-]p
FLl TYp FkRu Ym
Ht\ol Th Nm Sp-dm
Lt\Vo dY]d Lgm CNm
iQ lToRm YkR TiLm
TiQ UPYo TZTX Thm
YhPhl TiLs Y[dLWeLs RU-dLd
Lh NjUo hPRl Thm
Yu ZX Q RXURo
Ym Lm Ydm TpL
Shm Lhm S[pXm Su\-dm
Thm SgNl TLjRu TVu,,,,,,
-TWVo,

57

58

EXLm CNVp Wmd\, CNVuT AWeLp CNdLlTm

NqVp CNUhUu, Hhp GRlTPUm
LL[p CNdLlTPUm
Lt m LXklTm CNRu, YnU CXdVUn UdLs CXdVUnl
TWd Pdm CNjRr RhP CPUpXm RhlTY Ei, AkR CNu
EYLUL Sm LsY p, pTh Gu\TWu TPlp CNu
TU TNlT\, TWu - CNUVdX Lhi PkR T SU
TPl TVLj RWlThs[,

AgNtTs
Y = LPp; Lt\Vo = TiLs (EXdLVj RVkR Lp
LiP TiLs) dY]
=(Sp-dm TiLs Nnm) J-dl;
TiQ = YVpY; YuZp = pXeZp; TiLs = CNlThLs,

CXdLQm
L]lT\Y - HZm Em TVm EPu RdL RL; Y[dLWeLs CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPu RdL RL; LXLX]. dY] CWhPd[; WN - B\u RL ; TeLPp - Tij RL; TVu
- RuU JU ]t; TZ Th - ]j RL; Ydm L NnUu YnThl TVWfNm,

Tt
I.

]:

VI.Uj\u Y[oTt:
Ht\olThP Ak LsL.
e-X UX
em TW
em TW
Ye LW]
DfNUQ XP
C\m NmTP
RZ UQ XP
Rl\m NmTP
NmTPd Lhp
NUj LdL
DlkRp C\Lm
CiPm RodL
Ll kRp C\Lm
Leu C[eL
LW AXm Y]m
LhP] em Y]m
jR AXm Y]m
S em Y]m
KXm TV
JTV Xi
(TjfNp Rio C\dLlTh hP)

1, TWVu lTm pL[Lf hPl TY] VY?

2, TWVo SPjV CRrLs VY?
3, TWVu YN] LRLs VoVPV LRL[ JlPlTu\]?
II. S ]:
1.

Shm Lhm S[pXm Su\-dm ThL[Ll TWVo

GYt\d l\o?

III. CXdLQdl YWL,

TeLPp.
Y[dLWeLs.

LXLX]
TVu.

TiQUPYo.
Ydm TpL,

Cdm

Fm

IV. ElXdLQm RL,

LjRu
J-dm

Ydm

V. jl Qof RL,
L]lT\Y.
TeLPp.
Su\-dm,

hPRm.
WN
59

AVY[dLWeLs.

UPlTiLs
TpL.
60

5 tXdVeLs
(A) AZLo s[
AWNu JYu Ut\o AWNdj YW AlY TZeLXm Rp
CkYm YZdLUm, AVUu RWL J[Y Nu\Rl \S \,
URoL[ UhUu Es[. EWt\\TsL[m RlYRLd LtT]
Nn Tm YZdLm
Au CkR, CY tLXjp
J tXdV
YLVL EYt,
Rit\ YLf tXdVeLs Ju, RXYu JY]d Li
LRp LiP RX Jj Ru LRXm Yt\UVm YlTjR mj
RXYuTp AlYRLl TY CXdVUm,
T\e L-Yi T ]X
EVoQl T[m AQl T[m
Nku jRp k R]l
ThVt XYo Sh]o RkR
Gu CXdLQ [dL tT. u CXdLQm \, YiP[ WV
L-YiTYp CXdVm TPl T\Yim, Au]m. Up. . p. Yi.
SgNm. p. Ru\p. Uu. Rr R-VYts VRm Ju\j RL AlYo,
U-gNX UXp Lp Lidm AZLPj TXThPPf
NdLSR s[ Gu\XYo Vj YRL AUjl TlT AZLo
s[ Bm,
C H\d\V 250 BiLd kV Xm, Ll YiT Ju\m
239 LiL[m EPV, Thu CWiPL[d Li GuTo,
NdLSR s[ UW]o TXThPPdLQd Gum JYLl TVf Nn
YkR]o, CYo RkRVo TVo NdL-eLm s[, UW mUdLY. Ru\p
GuT] CYo CVtV Y X pLs Bm,

AZLo \l
AY Unlu ]WuY Ul
TVR t \k - LV

YWj RPk R[Qu YuLVe h

AWj g N] Vk - EjW]nl

Tik RXl TLjXd LlUk

im TVpX iP - YiQPu

R] RkRTp TRU XTj

YR]m Tt Yu - TRYjRj

61

RsSP hj RYrk [Vm

s[U eLR TtVu - JsZVo

LpXl TiQd WVdk lVjRu

LpXlTi Qd UXodL-]u - NpLd

TW LPkR TVXu - iQYodL

BW LPkR YeLVu - SPu

YuL ]LeLPkR YhPjRu YhYt

UuL ]LeLPkR h]u - Gu LRp

Ys[j Rrk]u YXd UuRkRu

Es[js [Xd LlTXu - Rsu

YhP YY Xuk Rt\Ru

hP ke PVRu - RhPRu

10

GiX UV ]mT ]XlTu

LiQ]m TVWt LilTu

11

- TXThPPf NdLSRs[
AgNtTs
1.

Li -1 A = eLm; AWu = Yu; SWu YUV]l j. SW]um

AYRWm NnRu LsRm Bm, CdLi SWeL AYRWjRf hV,
eLYm URYU] Ko AYRWm; t \kR,

2, AQu = CWVu; LVm = EPm. EQlT[ Nodm TXYLl T;

N] =NVm. N] (\kR ZkRd RuR-p S-m Cl); Ak
= Ei; EjW]n = XTt\YY EPVY]; EjWu Gu\LP[,
3, Tim Rp = LjRp Rp. XdLl - UiQd ZjhP Th;
XjRd LjRp, XjRd LjRp ZkRLd UiThRp UW; TVpXm
EiP = FdLXj EXLjRj Ru Ys Th ALj APdV
NVp; T = EXLm ; TVp = TVp A[dLlTm AVp BV WNRm;
R] = LiQdl Tp LlT Tp Sg Ljd LiQ]d LpXd
LmN]p AlTlThPYs,
4, YR] = uTjR. WURY]; TRYjR -UR UWeL[; TRYjR =
BWdLpL[PV NdLWm hV YiV. NLPm,
5, JsZVo =JsV BTWQjR AkR ULo,
1-5 CqYLt ZkR \jRm N]VkRm XdLlTRm Tp Yi
ARm RYrRm SPRm BV s[l TY LrfLs CWh\
URXLf NpXlThs[],
62

6, TiQ - T]UWm (LpXs[ T]Vd WVdRtd LWQU];)

ULo UPXRp; qV WTkRjp Es[ TV UPp R-VYt\p AVlTm,
VYZLd Li ULo UPXYo GuT Lj, Ti = AL-L; Ld =
UNVrYo UQdLW] LLiQo Th,

V. jl Qof RL,

7, TWm = T. U; APkR TVXu = Tml TdLVj Rp dd

LLiQodl u] Nu\Yu; Bo A LPkR = AV ARjRd LPkR;
RYodj lTtLP-p A LPkR WQf Nn; SV =RWhV,

VI. TTR ElXdLQm RL.

YWj RPm.
Es[js[u.

RYrk.

N]Vk.
EiP

eLR.

8, YuL]Lm
LPkR = Y-V RiPLWVjRd LPk Nu\; YhYt =
NW]um YPd; UuLp SLeLs RkR = Up-V Lp SLeL[j RkR
(LiQWPV LX U]L ]j NWjR Gn u LiQWPV
TRUu Ak YkV AYd hPm AjRo GuT YWX); UPdL,
9, RXp Wi AUks[; (Ark]u. RkRu) YX = LPp (TtLPp);
Es[js[u = L AiU-lTYu; EXd AlTXu = Lf
NnU-lTYu (NVu. AVu Gu kRs u\UVu - UeLVrYo
TWm)
10, UVu =LV \PVYu. UVV EPVYu; LiQu = GpXo Lim
Es[Yu (GpXodm Li Tu\Yu)

CXdLQm
YuLVm - TijRL; AWjm N] - GoLXl TVWfNm; RkRTp.
LPkR TVXu - C\kRLXl TVWfNeLs; UXodLp - EYUjRL;
YuL]Lm - TijRL,

Tt
I. ]:
1, RL AlTjRdL TsLs VY?
2, TXThPPf NdLSRl s[ CVtV \pLs VY?
II. T]:
1, CXdVju CXdLQm GL,
2, CWh\URp Gum Ej s[ p Tu Ym Te]
Y,
3, YuL]Le
LPkR YhPjRu YhYt UuL]Le LPkR h]u CqYuLi AUkR A]f hL,
III.S]:
1, AZLoRm \lL[L AZLo s[ Y] VY?
IV. CXdLQdl GL,
t
YuLVm

\k
UXodLp

eLR
TVXu

63

BW
AY

64

XdLl

Uu L]Lm.

LilTu.

Rt\Ru,

(B) L-eLjl TW
TW GuT Rp YZem Rit\ YLf tXdVeLs Ju,
To ]p BWm V]L[d Lu Yt LiP WWl TYRl TW
G]\]o,
B] BWm AUP Yu\
U] Yd YlT TW
Gu CXdLQ [dLl ThVpp TWu CXdLQm m,

CYoLsUp CVYo ZjR pX

GL-eLj RVoLs G YjR
YoLsUp EPXu PpLs Gem
RPokj RjRou APV YeL!

LPtL-eLm GkNVj RmTm Sh

LPdLm YVUk R]e Li
PolTPYs ATV] A ]m
]u YiPVo Lu RiP U]!

TW Gu\Ssu LVm VU]m Ru RnYULl Tt\ Gum Ak

Ss]p YkR TVW dm TVWL YkR Gum RrjRjR E,Y,NSR
IVo Yo, Rt\Yo TVp TW p YZeLlTm,
Rp Ru R-p GkR TW L-eLjl TW, 509 RNL[d
LiP. Ckp, JhPd jRo L-eLjlTWVj RuRr RnYlTW Gu
\ljs[o,

- NVeLiPo,

AgNtTs
1.

YW =UX ; NW = tm; UN = TlT; Gt = EiPd; Yu =Y-V

RoLs; \= Ggs[ A]j UWm; AW - Cl; L-eLm - BP;
L-eLo = L-eL WoLs (L-eLm Cu\V JN UXUm); EliP =
L[VlThP; AUQo = NUQo.

L-eLjl TWVl TVYo NVeLiPo, CYo Rt XjeL

NZPV AYdL[l XYWLj LrkRYo, CYW LXm 11Bm t\iu
CVLY 12-m t\iu tTVLY CjRp Yim, tLXl XYW]
TXThPPf NdLSRo CYWl TWdLo NVeLiPu G]l Lrk Ts[o,

2, kp - l X] p; X = p; Si = (p ]p LhPlTm)
L; Ch = Rj. LWkRm = U\kRm; AR] = TLV; ASLo = TXo

Sm TPlT Ldd V Gu\Tp CPm Tt\Rm, Ik L-j

RNLs CPm Tts[],

3, U - C\kR; L[m = TodL[m = L-eLo = L-eL WoLs; mh A =

ALp rk YQe; TQo = BlT Ym CN YQoLs,

L-eL Sh-k YkR Tn LRdd V Tu YmUV]

RuULs TXm ClTp \lTu\],

4, CYoLs Up = CYoL[j RW; G L-eLm = H L[d LiP L-eL

S; Au = ApXUp; APV = Um,

Cu\V JN UXm Ti L-eLm Gu YZeLlThP, AkShu To

RdL Rt XjeL NZu Ru TPjR[T LQLWj RiPUu
GuTW Al]u, AYoRm Yt jl TYR L-eLjl TW Bm,

5, Gk = Aj; NVjRmTm = Ytji; Sh = j; LPL = URV];

YVU = W; ATVu = RtXjeL NZu, A]m = A[m,
YiPVo Lu = LQLWj RiPUu; L-eLlTu Ytdd
LWQU] R[T,

YWdL-eLo RUfNW UN Vt
Yu TjRUod \m Ye
AWdL-eLm EliP L-eL WpXm
AUQW]l ZjRm ASL WeL!

1*

YPjRp \V kp BL
YgX Si Ujh Vt LeL
BPlTk RLlThPm LWkRm Gu\
AR]h oZjRo ASL WeL!

2*

N]U L[eLiPm Lj u\m

ReLWm Gu X L-eLo ReLs
B]U ]jR[m jd mh
PlTQo G]l ZjRo ASL WeL!
65

CXdLQm
UN Gt - CWiPm YtU ; Yu = TijRL; YgX TijRL; Tk - ]VfNm; L[m LiPm - CWiPm YtUj RL;
mh.
Gk. Sh. Li - ]VfNeLs, LPtL-eLm - CWiPm
YtU Em TVm EPu RdLRL; A]m - E UVdLm; RUCPd\; TjRUo = TVWfNm,

Tt
I. ]:
1, ThVp p m TWdV CXdLQm V?
2, TW j E,Y,N Y] VY?
3, NVeLiPo jd l YWL,

3*
66

II. T]:

(C) jdUWY s[j Rr

1, AUQo Gu l ZjRu NVp V?

2, TQo Gu l ZjRu NVp V?
3, L-eL Shp Rll ZjR] VY?
III. S]:
1, L-eL WoLs GqY\pXm Rll ZjR]o GuT jm RiPUu
Yt jm Y,
IV. CXdLQdl GL,
YWdL-eLm
GL-eLm
L[eLiPm

RU
YgX

UNVt
Tk

TjR Uo
Gk

ZjRpX

LPtL-eLm

Lj

ZjRo

V. jl Qof RL,
kp
YgX

BPlTk

VI. TTR ElXdLQm RL,

ALlThPm
Tk

LWkRm
AjRo,

LP[WV AWNWV \WV ZkRVLl Tj AYoRm ZkRl

TYjRl Tjl TYeL[Ll Tjd Li TYjdl Tj BV
jReLs AUVl TY s[jRr CXdVUm, s[jRr 96 YLf
tXdVeLs Ju, A BiTp s[jRr. TiTp s[jRr G]
CYLlTm, Ll. NeW. Rp. NlT. jRm. YL. Am-. tp. T\.
Ro BV Tjl TYeL[ AUjl TY BiTp s[j Rr Gum
Cp Es[ u TYeLdl TXL AmU]. WPp. FNp BV
TYeLs AUjlTY TiTt s[jRr Gum Yo,
jdUWY s[jRZl TVYo UWTWo BYo, RWTW
SdLWs[ YiPjp NiLLUd LWVdm YLU
kRdm UL]Ll \kRo, \kR Rp IkRi YWp Tfu CkRo,
u]oj fNko Ll TUu Y[p Tk\mTt\o, AYo
LkRoL-YiT. ]hVmU s[jRr. UWd LXmTLm. S [dLm.
Ld LXmTLm RX] TX CXdVeL[l TPjs[o,
SUdl TPUL YklT NeWl TYjp Es[ TPXm, NeWl
TYm s[jRp CWiPm TYUm, Ts RVR J-Vd ZkR
Glm TYjRd lT C, C[eZkR eL eL Gu \dLhjRn
ELdm TYm C. CqY- UZXVd Lhm C[m TYjR EPV, (o Np) Rhp s[ RXVVojd LVp Fu EPmT ANjRXf
NeWVRp GuTo,

Wp Y i LkR V Up-Rr XWU

mlT kR RXu UuWp LmUU
LW UgN] i kd LiUXo YYU
LrL l] X TkPp LY iQU
EY Uf Rh Rk
]iTR SYU
JR k Vk Lm Je Tj ok
Rs T L UNV YNk RL NeW
B YjV SR dLu BL NeW,
- UWTWo
AgNtTs
XWU = Y\i PUp. LVUp; LmRp = Wp Rnk UeRp; Wp =
TWp; LmUU = Lmd Ls[Up; YYU = YdLUp; AgN]m=LiU;
LrRp =ARp; Ll]p= UVd LWj Ym LXeLt Lio; Rs = Lp;
NeW = ZkR TNj RPeu Nn\J-dlLs; YjVSR =
sdYo (YjWuLp)

CXdLQdl
Up-Rr. UuWp - TijRL; i - TijRL; LiUXo EYLm; ]X. AsU - CWiPm YtU Em TVm EPuRdL
RLLs; T Lm - ]jRL; BL - VeLs ]t,
67

68

Tt

(D) TjRXLm \Yg

I. ]:

tXdVeL[j Rit\ YL]YL EWlTo, LY. EX. AkR.

Ts. \Yg. . s[jRr R-V] AYts[Pem, CftXdV YL
RpLlV]o Y]l Gu EWdm p YLs YdLlTm,

1, s[jRr CXdLQm GL,

2, UWTWo Ttf l YWL,

EXl TkR Uu]]V RnYjRV Li RX UVpLsYm.

AR]p U]m S-Ym. X \j YLm. RX AY[ AZjd LhL
tTYm. \j R] NWlTL[VpXm jm R] UXY[m ShY[m
Ttl ]km RXu
LVl Lrkm Ld. Ld. Tp-Np
R-VYt\u
U]dLjRd
LiQok
EWjRm.
RX
Urk
YNVjRm. \Y]V eLu YLm \Yu \j BV CYo
EWVPm. LP[ Yrj P TRm BV LhLs SPL YX
YYUdLlThlT \Yg SPLm Bm,

II. T]:
1, BL NeW Gu UWTWo YiU VeM]m ?
III. CXdLQdlTL,
WpY
k

UuWp
JiTRm

FV
BL

IV. jl Qof RL,

Yi.
NeW

AV.

Up-Rr

i.

Tj.

BL,

V. TTR ElXdLQm RL,

m.

kR.

C TjRXLm \Yg, EXYm Uu]o CVYLm RYUVV

RX Vu UL[Lm. \Yg YNULm Rp odL RN]ULm.
eLu YLm. Yu ETRVLm. AYoLs dm T\YL[L UdLm
ARtl TVuTjRlTm YXVL C\Yd Gu\StNnm EYdLlThs[],
Ckp tYLULj LrY Rf\lTm,
CRu BVo RgN YRSVL NjVo BYo, SpY-p RYNLVm
O]l AmUVo BVod UL]Ll\kRo, RgNp AlT URTRLWL
[eV Yohv TVo CYWjRU UQdLp JYWL Ht\o, CYo
C\Vp.
YVp.
EP-Vp.
NLVp
Gu\TpY
Aj\Lp
Ltj\TV AOWLj LrkRo,
RgNV BiP NWT Uu]d
Et\SiTWL [e]o, RU dL C[mTYjXV 25 Bm Bip t\Xd
\Ygd LWLl TjRXLm \YgV CVt AVl Lr Tt\o, Um
AVR TX pL[m CNS Ttm ojR]eL[m CVts[o, LXm
,,18-Bm t\i,
CYo GV \pLs
ojR]eLs BVYVm,

O]jRfNu.

O]X.

BWQkRm.

YNd \Yg RYUd UXY[m Rp

Y]YoLs Yk RjWeLs TlTo
YiUs[ jRWpXm AkRYeLs lTo
O]Pu pXXj RXYoYk RYo
ShNjWf NvLs LdLLs RYo
R] RoUm HZLh VYoLe LlTo
NiP[l TYUpXm AiP RlTo
D]s[ TndLQeLs UVeVeL lTo
HLuU Y]YpX VeLs UX VmU, 1
69

70

TpY

BUX VeLdL HRuUX VmU

BiPY]o GeL[jRm AUjRUX VmU
Vu\SpYWe LjRUX VmU
jVm NLUp u\UX VmU
NR]Vnl Tn\ LjR UX VmU
RtTW]o GmUVeL NjR UX VmU
TRLUn SeL[R hPRtu ]mU
TjRXLm GeLdl TVUX VmU, 2
- RgN YRSVL NjVo
AgNtTs
1.

RjWeLs = lTPpLs; pXXj RXYo = Lm L NokR CPUV

pX Xj Ym UnlToLs;
ShNjWf NvLs = CV TUu
TjXLm Uhj RYjt \kRT Yp Ko Ys Rut,
AkRYsVd LiP odLRLs EXL hTo Ru]o Gu EXd
EQoj]o; Aj odLRL[ EWjRY; HLu - C\Yu, AiP SeLP,

2. BUX = RuRXL [eV UX; HRu UX= HRu RhPjp [em

HRu UX; RtTWu - C\Yu,

CXdLQdl
AkRYm - TijRL; R]RoUm - EmUj RL, TndLQeLs - B\m
YtUjRL; AUjR. LjR. u\. NjR - TVWfNeLs,

Tt
I. ]:
1, RgN YRSVL NjVo GV \pLs VY?
2, GqYL A AUlp TjRXLm \Yg p AUks[?
3, tXdVeLs GjR] YLlTm? GYVm Ik GL,

IV. CXdLQdl GL,

AkRYm

R]RoUm

AUjRUX

TndLQeLs

AkRYeLs.

SeL[R.

V. jl Qof RL,
jRWpXm.
D]s[.

XjRXYo.
GmUVeL

VI. TTR ElXdLQm RL,

lTo

RYo

u\

VII.NV] PVj R Nn GL,

1, TXThPPf NdLSR s[ GV Ut\ p
A) Au]m B) Ru\p C) p
2) u CXdLQm m p
A) CXdLQ [dLm
B)LL C) \lTs YiTUX
3, Rp R-p GkR TW
A) RdLVLl TW B) L-eLjlTW C) YeLjlTW
4, RuRr RnYl TW Gu L-eLjl TWVl TtVYo
A)NdLSRlXYo B) LZk C) JhPdjRo
5, To]p BWm V]L[ Yu\WWl TY
A) TW
B)
C) EX
6, NeWl TYm. s[j Rp
A) u\m TYm B)CWiPm TYm C) SuLm TYm
7, RgN YRSVL NjVo \kR t\i
A) 17Bm t\i B) 18Bm t\i C) 19 Bm t\i
8, s[ p Es[ LiLs
A) 269
B) 239
C) 293
9) RtXjeLu TPjR[T
A) AiUYoUu
B) SkYoUu C) LQLWj RiPUu

II. T ]:
1, \Yg --u T AUl] GL,
2, \j HRu UXVl Tt EWlT] VY?
3, HRu UX Tt o AY] VY?

10) BiTp s[jRdm TiTp s[j Rdm TY] TYeLs

A) 7
B) 6
C) 8
VIII.Uj\u Y[oTt:

III. S]:
1.

YNd \Yg RYUdd V UXY[jR Y,

71

YdL tXdVeL[j Rl TL, . \Yg. Ts. s[j Rr

R-VYtu Y LoL,

72

G,L,
L]m YVXm LVm LPXm
V Y]-p CW RoYi UPSWn!
R]UoRof jRiPu NeLhPe UV
Y]Ug NPVodLu YjRgNu WVV,

()

- RYWm
Y]WeLs L Lj UkV Lgm
Ukk LLd YuLLs Lgm

- t\Xd \Yg
Bt Ys[m S[YWj RtR UXV[ u]p DZu]p Z uR
- dPtTs

73

74

6,UUXofl TPpLs
TiPSXm lXU TZmTU AjR]m TPlTn CkSs! Ri
NnYn Rdj \Rk \Rk jRkR GuTo TYkRo,
TZUu TUV AjR[ULm \Rm rdm V L[eL[l
TT[Lm Li GkRYRm UUXofXdVeL[m, CYt\f
Y Ts AVRNdL SYLR G]Xm, CY UPju
lTsL[m AYXeL[m V SdPu Todm; jRm V LXL[j
NRm Rok NkRdf Nodm,
V A\Ls. jRm V LtT]Ls. TUSd CYt\PV
Ct\ShTYXoL[p Rr CXdVm V Nl]lTm Gu SmTXm,
ClTYXoLs SU UWTum Uids YuVYoLs; UVum
idd [ hTYoLs, V GfVm lTm AYTYoLs, AYoRm
TPlLt X CeL TPlTVLj RWlThs[],
Whd LOo Gum TYkRo Gum AOo TUdL[t TWhPl TTYo
TWRNu, TWVo LiP A[Yt\Ttu LWQULf lWj]m
Gu\TVWl TWRNu Gu Utd LiPYo,
29-04-1891-p fNp L]LNT - CXdVmUs GuTYd UL]Ll
\kRYo, C[UXV Wg Um Rr Um \kR XU Tt\Yo,
Rr UPjm Rr UdLPjm BWR Au iPYo, Rr Shu CWp
LmNRq Gu TWhPl TTYo. (CWp LmNRq EV Shu UdLOo)
EW EQoY Y[olT RZ Gum CuTj Rrd Lp VYm Lt\Yo
GuWdm X Gn hPp uTeLs em Lm Ym Sgp nU
EiPm Wm Ym Gu RZodLLm GVYo,
mT[d. TiVu T. CiP. RZfu Lj. NWRiPYm.
WkRVo. AZu l. gjh BV LlVeL[m C\Yl Lr
Tt\GiQt\TPpL[m CVtVYo, CYVtV WkRVo SPLm NjV
ALRl T Tt\,
Yrp NmUVf NnTYs V Gu\CYu RrYrjl TPXl
Y AW R] RrjRn YrjRL HtdLis[, RZL AW TWRNu
TpLXd LZLm CYo LZl Tts[,
p Gu\CXdV CRZ SPjYkR CkRl Yd p 21-4-1964 Au
CVtL VnV,
74

LiLm Jm TXd
LuUXo YNm TXl
TiLm BiLs Rm
TkRr S Rup
RiLPp LojR AuTp
NU]jRo B]o Gu\
TiYk Lt TVl
TSs GkR S[?

(A) GkS[?
Gu]k RrSh uLi
GpXm Lp Ltl
Tu]e LXO ]jRp
TWdW UjRp. AuTp
Eu]R CUUX Tp
Kem oj Vn
Cut\o Gu Ut\o

- WhdLOo TWRNu

CVmTd LhPp GkS[!

Lj\f j WeLs
LReLs Y] tLs
Unj\tLs tTm
gO]m L VeLs
Yjs[ RZo tLs
YVju U Gu]l
jRLf NX Gem
dSs GkR S[?
RVt \Z. Gu\u
RZu LR Ru]
BWm Ut LQ
Cl AYt \u\
Rm Uu B
RPokRu\u Np Yk
TSs GkR S[?
BRl TLoYo CeL,
Ys[mTp RZo hPm;
WeLs hPm; Au]o
Es[j RpJ YWUt
P-]p TXWnd LiTo
Ls[jRp SeL QR
G]YVm LXeLd Li
smSs GkSs? Es[m
NdmSs GkR S[?
75

AgNtTs
TWdWUm = Wm; Eu]Rm = EVo; CUUX = CUVUX; oj = Lr; LojR
= Tu\; NU]jRo = JjREU EPVYo; Ti = TPp; dm Ss = VRL
AUdm Ss; Ndm Ss = UrfVp UVem Ss; TYL :
Aod
LSX BV jRm,
CXdLQm
CVmTd LhPp - NVYu YnTh ]VfNm; AkRr- TijRL;
dSs. TSs. T Ss-]jRLLs; TLoYo - ]VXQm TVo;
RiLPp - TijRL,

Tt
I. ]:
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,

RrShPo GjRLV ojVl T\Yim G]d LOo L] Li\o?

jRLf NXLp CdL YiV pL[Ll TYkRo EWlT] VY?
LOu Np Yk TV YiV Nn V?
YVm LXeU RZo NnVjRdL V?
BPYm ULm NU]jRo BL Yim Gu\Lj]d LOo GeM]m
s[o?

II. T]:
1, G k S [

Guk

RXlp

LOo

lTY

VY?

III. CXdLQdl YWL,

TLoYo.

CVmTdLhPp.

TSs

IV. jl Qof RL.

Gt\r.

ojVn.

Lj\m.

TkRr.

Unj\m

LiTo.

Cut\o,

V. ElXdLQm RL,
CVmT.

TLoYo.

76

(B) dLhm U

CXdLQm

du\UXoL[Xm dLs ApX

V]Yn YYYpXm U ApX
Dodu\UQmTWlm UXoL [jRm
GpXm TtYo; SXmT Wld
Ldu\UVjRu HtTo Nu\o;
LRll Tpm U GpXm
TdRX APU; UVe u
UGm TVWX rRp YiP,
NeLWp RUWLs j dm
NoUVp Ap-UXo Yn dm
TeYm UZYWYp To dm
TnVR Ud\[p Xm dm
eL\f jdm AYp Bnk
V]Yu Np Yp TU LQ
CeSm VYUp U dm
pXU RnkNU XV Yndm

du\.Dodu\. Ldu\- LrLXl TVWfNeLs; NeLo. pXUTijRLLs; LRl - u\m YtU Em TVm EPuRdL RL,

Tt
I. ]:
1, U GqY CdL Yim Gu LOo m\o?
2, U GlT dm Gu\o?
II. T]:
1, dLhm U Guk RXlp AUks[ LR AZ] Y
III. CXdLQdl YWL.
pXU.

LRl

IV. jl Qof YWL.

LRl.

Ud\s.

pXU.

V. ElXdLQm RL
TtYo.

HtTo

- VWNu
TWRNu TWmTWu jRRX\d LOoLs JYo LVW VWNu
BYo, UW UYhPm TV[jp lTWV - RXh GuTd 7-10-1920-p
\kRYo, WW Gu\RU TVW VWNu Gu UtdLiPYo, TWRN]
L Sel TZ AYPV tTd GiQeL[ Htl TVYo, RkR
TVPjm TWOo AiQPjm Sel TZVYo, N Ulj
UQg Nn LiPYo, NPeL[ UlTYo, RU U\u Tm
GfNPeLm YiP Gu\EWj. AqY\\Y\f NnRYo, LWd
,,EVoXlTsp RZVWLl TkRYo,
eL. LVlTY. WLVm Gue LlVeL[m VWNu LRLs
Gu\LR Xm G Yhs[o, CYW LRL[f NjV ALR
Ckm BeXjm UTVoj Yhs[, eL Gu\LVm 1966
Cp RZL AWu TNl Tts[, T\m UXp SPkR Zp LVW
Gu\ThPm CYd YZeLlThP,

AgNtTs
Dodu\= LYou\; Xm = A; pXU = CYf Nodm AUjR]m;
eL\= nU\,
77

78

NeLo

(C) RX [jR EU
LhPt YX RYru\Lt]d
L NnR pX
LXUe ZY] OXU LP[
Lg\YjR pX
UhPu YkYi UXW pXV
Yj R pX
YR Om YiX uLm
s\l ThP pX!
Rhu YVLm RkRRo EUVj
RPNVp \U VU?
RVLm. RVLj s[Yod Ljs[
RoUjR UdL XU?
YheLs R[] Gu\Yo W-X
rkRR AU GiQm
RX! RX! GuUo CNX
[kRR EU GiQm!
AULs GeLXm Clm Au]Yod
L]kRm RY RoSs
BdL YVoRm L-X YTYod
L\UXm YZe UoSs
Um AfNm Uo S[R
RX [d UoSs
VjRm CkVj QdLiP U RV
Pu Tt\RoSs!

Ut\m G] UPj RjYm Gu TV LVWNo LiQRNu

PtThX RuV Thl T\Y, Th RhLp GpXm RU WNl
TPpL[p LrjR LOo, TZkRr CXdVju EofNWjRVpXm RU
TPpLX GjRiPYo, RZL AWu AWNYd LOWL [eVYo,
NjRlTu-NXh GuTd UL]L 24-6-1927-p \kRYo, jRV
Gu\TVWV LiQRNu Gu UtdLiPYo, Ru\p. Ru\pW.
NiPURm. pX. LiQRNu BV CRrLu BVWL [e]o,
IkRWjtm UtThP WlTPl TPpL[ Gl Lr Tt\o, CYPV
LRLs LiQRNu LRLs Gu\TVp TX RlL[L Y Yks[],
AojRs[ CkURm Gum LhWj RPoLm. CVLVm Gum m
CYo LZ Gum Xjm,
UjV UX AWLu L[m.
AiQUXVWNo ]l T]m Tt\Yo,

ALRl

T]m

17-10-1981-Cp CVtL Gn]o,

AgNtTs
Rhu = \u; LXUeZYu = LXm, YR = lTPVR; u =
iu; R[ = Xe; YTYo=YrTYo; U = YU,

CXdLQm
YipX - TijRL; YR O -GoU\l TVWfNm. RX
RX - Adj RPo; YTYo - ]VXQm TVo, Lm ULm
C]eLm - GimU,

Tt
I. S]:
1, RX [jR EU Vu\RXlu rd LVWNo LiQRNu
EWlT]Yt\j RjRL,

Lm ULm C]eLm TpYL

d LiP tm
h\Yu]p YU VpX
LUVp YrY pX!
AUVu \Ym GiQR YLX
AYWYo EU Lj
Bdm E\] AUjm S]
Au]t Li NolTm,
-LVW LiQRNu
79

NjV

80

(D) R[
u]p RY
jd LiPf
N[d LpX;
TdLjp ClT
TjR SpYVp
RXp AkRj
RhPj Y-ds
Yu\
LdLhPl p!
AjR TiQp
ALXj Rhp
jf YdLl
iQdj Rio
Todm NVpXm
TfNu AZl
Lp Yl
SX t
B]p
S]
R[p dV LZ
[p LhV L[!

RYm SmUl Poj Ek\, U-k Pdm YVj CuTeL[

Lok UZm. APVVRYt\j RjRm Y-V VtVp TtdLs[m
SmPm TWt\p Ei, B]p GRu R[lTj\ SmU? NV? URU?
UV? SP? GjR] RPLs ? GjR] R[Ls?
LhPtf NpXm LYX s[m CuTm LWm RPlTjm R[Ls
VY? Hu \VpX SmUp? \d PR Sm? LhlThl TZdm
TZdLjRp YSYfZt \ T\U?
GjR] ]dL[
Gl\? CkRd LR!
LOu TWt\p C, ClTPp JlT\Y
Gu\-k GdLlThs[,

CXdLQm
Yu - CWhPd [

Tt
I. T]:
1.

R[ Gum TPp Xm LOo EQojR mm NnV [dL,

II. jl Qof YWL:

N[d LpX.

t.

ALXjRh

- t TXlWUVm
LYUYhPm Bjl Ts[f Gu\FWf NokRYo t TXlWUVm,
Tt\o - TuN. LiVmUs,
LjRVeL[ YYUdm
NpXZYo, NpXj Rok Ndj RrlTPp Bdm t, TWVo
TpLXd LZLju Rrj\j RXYWLl TVtVYo,
jR jdLs. Xl. JlT\Y. NolTVLm. V Zp. BW R-V TX
LR pL[ BdVYo, CXdVf kR]. UXV[d LR. AXm Ym.
J WUj SdLWp Gum EWSP pL[ GVYo,
J WUj S Gu\df NjV ALRu T YZeLlThs[,
RZL AWu TYkRo T. RgNj Rrl TpLXd LZLju BeX CXdV
tT Tu\TL[m Tts[o,

R[
EXLm m CuTUVm - Y[m SXm YYu Lh AZdu\],
AYt\f Nu\nR BYp d\ SUd,
81

82

(E), Li
LiLs
CkRl WTgN
Y]ju TLp dLs
CUl RVp
LhP ShVju ShY]o!
Yd LVL
TuUu Es[
EYf Zm
Es[ju jWLs!
BjUu p
As YjR R]
ElTu lm
FU YiLs!
UiUp Ru R-p
URu SPTPl
TR Np-jRkR
TX TeLs
Rnd Lu eLp
W_ YNkRjp
LVl jRYLs!
U[]ju TLp Y[f NlT]eLs!
TLp ChPl TolTRt
TPjRY] Ht YjR
TY [dLs
hdl Th YjR
LX JlT]Ls
LXl ToYf LWeLs
Liu mUdLs!
CUjR[m LhV
CNXVjp NWm
U[] SP]eLs
U]Shu YoLs
83

CWR U]lT\Y
Gu\ \k YjR
C YnLs
L [du C PoLs!
Lt\p AQu\
L[dl TXi - CYV.
fd
Ltu AQu\
Li [d,
- S, LUWNu
S. LUWNu 1942-p UW UYhPm T-]hWm WUjp \kRo, RkR
Sfj; RVo CXh AmUs,
UUXof Lju LO]Lj Lm LUWNu AYoLs UWd LRL[m
d LRL[m Gj Rr Ud Y[g Nojs[o, WVf NkReLPu
lToY LZl TUd LRLs TXYt\Gs[o, 1971-p YYkR Ll
UXoLs Rl p. LR EXp J lTjR EYdVR] AOoLs
LrYo,
VLk. NLWYj RiPR JhPLeLs. RwULm Whjim
R-V] CYoRm TPlL[m, CYo Rm kR] ; RjYm YnkR,

LiLs
TUeL[LY YYe Lidm LRLu AZLd LiL, EYLm
Gu\YZd d LRLX TUm Gu YZeLlTm, AjR TUeLs V V
ALdLhL[j Rtdm, Npds
BrkRrk Pdm CiUm
XdLm CkRl TUeLs YXnj Ruj Ru U\m, d LRLd
Eolm Yrm YZeY] TUeL[ G]Xm, LjYd LhL[ Ydm
NpXhL[ TUeL[m,

AgNtTs
WTgNY]m = EXLUVL; CUlRVp = CULds[ Rk Pdm
TgNpYm;
FU
YiLs=WXp
LjRdLUp
U[]jRp
TQojm LV \j YiLs Tm LiLs, BuUu UVl Tm
Lioj Ls; TeLs=YLhLs
RndLu ,,,,,,, jRYLs
= Ru LlTVV NXp
IkRm
URUV YNkR LXjp UhP UXoTY, hdl ThYjR LX
JlT]Ls
= ToYVt\Yu Ls;
Liu mU = LiWj
RtlTY; U]Shu YoLs = U]ju LjR AdL YkRY LiLs;
Lt\p AQm L[d, C fdLtu AQm [d - WiRP,
84

CXdLQdl

(F) Rio YeLs

TLpdLs - HZm YtUjRL; YdL. U]lT\Y - EYLeLs

C\du\TL [X
Cdu\W GpXm
C\jUp Li YkRm
CQXl TU Gum
Whm Nn Yu\m
ds CkR Rio
Y\iPRp o P
YejRu Tu\m!

Tt
I. T]:
1, LiL[ GqY\pXm LUWNu LtT] Nns[o GuTR] [dd
LhL,

Yep TQjRl Th
Y[olTRl Tu Rio
YeLs SUd Yim
YuUZ Q LUp
Rem YiQm hj
RW] AUjRp Yim
Tem [eLs H
ds AUjd LlTm
- S, LQ
LOo S, LQ 28-03-1939-p LPo UYhPm RmTWjp \kRYo,
Tt\o CW,SPNu. YLVmUs BYo,
AiQUXl TpLXdLZLjp XYo ThPj Rop Rp Ylp Rof
Tt\Yo, kRYp- AW UXlTsp LXj RZVWLl TVt
Kn Tts[o,
RpLlVm
Udm
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