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(1) In 2001, UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO/Guillermo_Cano_World_Press_Freedom_Prize>
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27
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29
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30
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30
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
31
31
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32
32
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33
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
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ta&;awmfykH rao
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vlBudKufrsm;wkef;? a&mif;aumif;wkef; jzpfygw,f/ q&mBuD;&JUckdifrmwJh
ta&;tom;? cefYnm;wJhtokH;tEIef;? acsmarGUwJhtzJGUtEJGUawG[m pmzwf
olawGudk tvGefeufIdif;pGm MoZmanmif;qJjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmf
wuov
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131
132
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
132
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
133
133
134
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
134
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
135
135
136
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
136
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
137
137
138
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
138
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
139
139
vkHcsnfAvm axmif0ifpm
axmifxJrSmae&wm tcsKyftcs,fw,fvnf;cH&oudk;/ vGwf
vGwfvyfvyf&,fvdkY wpfuGufuav;r&dS/
[dk[mrvkyf&/ 'D[mrvkyf&/ pum;rajym&/ oDcsif;rqdk&/ &Sm
wmazGwm? wvmpDwmuvnf; 'vpyfcaH e&/ &SmNyDa[hq&kd if roufom
bl;omrSwaf ya&mh/ iSuaf ysmoD;awmif zspfnp &f mS azGwm/ [if;cGuaf rSmuf
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oGef? pmNrdefpmxkyfjznfqdkovdk bD;pdyfwdkuf ydkufpdyfqJGovdkvkyfMuwm/
tJ'DvdkvkyfwmawG[m wpfcgwavawmh t&SmcH&olawGtzdkY
a'gojzpfp&maygh/ axmif0efxrf;awGvkyfykHu tNrJwrf;vdkvdk vGefvGef;
140
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
141
141
142
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
142
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
143
abmf'q
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f ;l /
ESpfae&m okH;ae&m &Smvm; azGvm; vkyfwwfw,f/ udk,fhtcef;a&SUrSm
wpfcgvkyf? wdkufkH;rSmwpfcgvkyf? axmifA[dk(Main Jail) rSm wpfcgvkyf
qdkwmrsKd;yg/ tqifhqifh &SmwmazGwmawG vkyfwmaygh/
wpfaeYrSm OD;wifxG#f axmif0ifpmxGufw,f/ wdkuf0if;xJrSm
olYudk abmf'Dqwfcsf ESpfcgvkyfNyD;NyD/ wdkuf0if;uxGufNyD; axmif0ifpm
cef;bufoGm;r,fvnf;vkyfa&m olYudk&Smjyefa&m/ axmifA[dk(rdef;a*s;)
0efxrf;awGuvkyfwm/
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taMumif; ajymjyw,f/ r&bl;/ &SmrSmyJ/ &SmrSmyJ/ 0efxrf;awGu twif;
&Smr,fvkyfw,f/ abmf'Dqwfcsf vkyfw,f/ [dkprf;'Dprf;aygh/
OD;wifxG#f pdwfwdkvmw,f/ axmif0ifpmawGUcsifaZmuvnf;
jyif; aeawmh olaygufuJGygava&m/
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atmfw,f/ [pfw,f/ vkcH sncf Rwcf svu
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atmifBh uD; avQmufomG ;w,f/ yg;pyfuvnf; 0l;0l;0g;0g;awG oHuek af tmf
w,f/
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jyL;eJY 0efxrf;awG&JUrsufvkH;jyL;/ b,f[mb,foif;u ydkjyL;ovJ/
b,f[mu ydjk yL;rSe;f tJ't
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awGyJ odMuygvdrfhr,f/
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aemufawmuf ajymwwfoal wGu &dw
S ,f/ olwYkduawmh ]]a[h... bmvJ[hJ
wvmpD/ vm&Jvmprf;/ ESpfvkH;jyL;eJYudkypfr,fuG}}vdkY tajymiftysuf
ajym Muw,f/
143
taorpdwfapeJY
axmifxJuMum;cJhwJhpum;wpfcGef;udk 'DaeY'D&uftxd uRefawmf
rarhEdkifbl;/ b,fawmhrSvnf; arhrSmr[kwfbl;/
vlawG[m t[dwfwd&pmefr[kwfbl;/ awmdkif;ow0gr[kwf
bl;/ todPf&dSwJhow0gawG/ ESvkH;om;&dSwJhow0gawG/ OD;aESmuf&dS
wJh ow0gawG/ EdIif;csdefqifjcifwwfwJh ow0gawG/ pmemaxmufxm;
wwfwhJ ow0gawG/ tJ'v
D kd ow0grsKd;[m awmfw
Hk efHk pufqyk rf ek ;f wD;
kHeJY aoygapvdkY rusdefqJbl;/ usdefqJcsifavmufatmif rkef;wD;OD;awmh
vnf; taorowfbl;/ wpfOD;u wpfOD;udk taoowfw,fqdkvnf;
wpfO;D csi;f wpfa,mufcsi;f udpr Ykd wpfO;D u wpfa,mufu?kd wpfa,mufu
144
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
145
145
146
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
146
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
147
147
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
148
148
149
- tpmraMubl; urmraMubl;
- xdyfxm;eJYaoem
- oydwfoGwf ukodkvfbm* trQ trQ
- Edk;xolwdkYacgif;cHGrsm;
150
tpmraMubl; urmraMubl;
1989 Zlvdkif 4 rSm uRefawmf tif;pdefaxmifxJa&mufvmw,f/
wdkuf0if;xJu BudK;wdkufvdkYac:wJh wdkuf-ESpfudka&mufawmh arSmifpysKd;
NyD/
&Spaf v;vk;H ta&;awmfyt
Hk aMumif;? 'DcsKyftaMumif;? Edik if aH &;tajc
taeawGtaMumif;? axmiftaMumif;? yk*dK vfa&;cHpm;csufawGtaMumif;
a&mufwuf&m&m tawG;e,fcsJUaerdw,f/
oHacsmif;acgufoaH wGMum;&w,f/ a'gifa'gifa'gifa'gif/ ok;H csuf
wpfwJG/ vkH;csif;wpfcsuf/ aemifrSod&wmu 'gaxmifydwfwmwJh/
]]*sKdif;}}
151
152
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
152
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
153
153
154
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
154
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
155
OD;aESmufaq;cH&w,fqw
kd mudk vlwidk ;f Mum;zl;w,f/ wu,fawmh
OD;aESmufaq;kHaq;&if aq;cH&ol acgif;om azG;oGm;r,f/ toHxGuf
csifrSxGufr,f/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u OD;aESmufaq;kHru yg;pyfudkyg
aq;w,f/ ppfaMumcH&ol&JU yg;pyfawG &GJUukefw,f/ vQmawGvdyfukef
w,f/ auG;ukefw,f/ olYyg;pyfu vdrfnmwJhpum;awG? aumufuspfwJh
pum;awG? npfqdk;wJhpum;awG tef[w,f/
tJ'Dyg;pyfyJhxJu EdkifiHa&;rl0g'? ygwDtzJGUtpnf;? acgif;aqmif?
yk*Kd vf? jynfov
l x
l q
k w
kd hJ ol,MHk unf&mawGtm;vk;H udk qefYusifwhJ pum;
awG? IwfcswJhpum;awG? y,fvSefwJhpum;awG? jyuf&,fwJhpum;awG
vQHwuf? tefxGufw,f/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;[m vlwpfa,mufudk
'Dvdk qefYusifbuf kyfvkH;xkNyD; jyifyavmuudk jyefvTwfvkdufw,f/
'Denf;eJY ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; vdkcsifovdk? BudKufovdkykHoGif;wJh
EdkifiHa&;tajctaewpf&yf[m wpfpkHwpf&may:aumif;ay:xGufvmEdkif
w,f/ aocsmay:vmwmuawmh *kPfrwifhawmhwJh vlom;wpfa,muf?
toa&wkH;oGm;wJh vlom;wpfa,muf? odumrJhoGm;wJhvlom; wpf
a,muf/ ESpfjym;wpfyJ vlom;wpfa,muf/ vlryDawmhwJhvlom; wpf
a,mufyJ jzpfygw,f/
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u tJ'Dvlyk*dKvf&JU vlom;*kPf&nf? vlom;
odum? vlom;toa&? tm;vkH;udk dkufcsKd;eif;acszsufqD;vdkufNyDaygh/
uRefawmf axmufvSrf;a&;ppfaMumcH&w,f/ Budrfzefrsm;pGmygyJ/
umvcdkufwefY &SnfMumpGmygyJ/ 'gawG jyefajymraecsifawmhygbl;/ ajc
vufudk,ft*Fgemw,f/ &ifem? tonf;em? ESvkH;emw,f/ OD;aESmufem
w,f/ pdwfemw,f/ ('gaMumifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;oGwfoGif;wJh Pf
qdk;? tMuHqdk;? todqkd;? tjrifqdk;? pum;qdk;awGudk uRefawmf vufoifh
rcHbl;/ ta&mifqdk;wmawGudk uRefawmf rcHbl;/ t&dyfqdk;wmawGudk
uRefawmf rcHbl;/)
uRefawmfwdkYcsif; pum;0dkif;zJGUajymMuqdkMu vkyfMuwJhtcg ppf
axmufvSrf;a&;taMumif; a&mufoGm;wwfw,f/
155
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
156
156
xdyfxm;eJYaoem
1980 ausmfu yef;ykq&mBuD; OD;[efwifu vlxka':trm&JU
OD;acgif;ydkif; ykHwlkyfwkxkvkyfcJhw,f/ tJ'DykHwlkyfwkudk pxkuwnf;u
uRefawmfab;u xdkifMunfhcGifh&cJhw,f/ xkNyD;oGm;awmh uRefawmf
aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fa&;cJhw,f/
uReaf wmf b,fvakd &;zJUG cJo
h vJqw
kd m a&;a&;yJ rSwrf yd gawmhw,f/
a':a':&JUyg;oG,af r;cRe;f OD;pGe;f yifah jrmuf[ef/ a':a':&JUyg;vsm; EIwcf rf;
tNyHK;oef;[ef/ a':a':&JU pl;&Srsuf0ef; awmufxGef;xGif;azmuf[efawG
udk uRefawmf jrifawGUcHpm;&wJhtwkdif; jc,frIef;jycJhw,f/ tJ'gavmufyJ
rSwfrdygawmhw,f/
157
158
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
158
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
159
twGif;bufrSm rsufESmzkH;owif;aqmif;yg;&SnfBuD;a&;ygw,f/
a':pk vGwrf ,fvw
G rf ,f owif;jzpfaevkYd owif;axmufawG wuov
kd f
&dyfomvrf; jcH0rSm NyHKwkd;apmifhqkdif;aeMuykHawG? a':pk&JUvIyf&Sm;rIawG?
a':pk&UJ Edik if aH &;oabmxm;awG? a':pk&UJ ud,
k af &;&mZ0ifawG pwmawGukd
wcrf;wem;a&;ygw,f/
aqmif;yg;t&SnfBuD;xJrSm AdkvfcsKyfBuD;cifGefYtaMumif;vnf;
BudKMum;BudKMum;ygygw,f/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;&JU yg0gtmPm wefcdk;MoZmawG
taMumif;vnf; azmfjyygw,f/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfeYJ Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;cifeG Yf wYkdrsm; awGUqkv
H u
kd Mf u
&&if? aqG;aEG;vdkufMu&&if? tay;t,lawG vkyfvdkufMu&&if(atmifr,f
av;av;) jrefrmjynf&JUEdkifiHa&; tr,fbkwfcsnfcifxkyfBuD; &Sif;vif;
MunfvifoGm;r,f/ wpfrQifpD a&SmceJ a&SmceJ azsmceJ azsmceJ acsmoGm;
r,f/ armoGm;r,f/ ajyoGm;r,f/ vnfoGm;r,fvdkY a&;xm;w,f/
owif;axmuf&JUaqmif;yg;zwfNyD; uRefawmf &ifarmoGm;w,f/
rsupf v
d nfomG ;w,f/ acsmwmawG? ajywmawGawmh rjrifrad ygif/ aqmif;
yg;zwf&if; &ifomav;aerdawmhw,f/
tar&duefEikd if v
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bkwfwdkifxdkifaewJh ykPm;wkdif tawG;tac:awG&dSw,f/ aygufaygufBuJ
ovdk vGifhpifysH0JaewJh aygufu&trSwft,lawGvnf;&dSw,f/ acsmhvdkY
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wynfharG;csifwwfw,f/ ajcmufvdkY&r,fhvludk jcawmifydkY jrifhrdk&fawmif
xifatmifvkyfNyD; acsmifydwfcsifwwfw,f/ q&maZmf*sD&JUuAsmxJuvdk
rod0dk;0g; xif0dk;0g;tusifhawGuvnf; bdef;pJGovdk pJGaevdkufao;/
uRefawmfwdkY jrefrmEdkifiHowif;pmq&mtoif;u ukvor*
twGif;0efcsKyfOD;oefY jrefrmEdkifiH jyefvmpOfu yef;csDausmfay:OD;ouf&JU
qDaq;yef;csDum;BuD;wpfcsyf vufaqmifay;bl;w,f/ ay:OD;oufu
rsufrjrifykPm;ajcmufa,muf qifprf;oyfNyD; xifjrifcsufay;aeMuwJh
kyfykHvTmudk jrefrmhdk;&m[efeJY yef;csDa&;w,f/
159
160
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
161
161
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
163
163
164
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
164
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
165
165
Edk;xolwdkYacgif;cHGrsm;
rMumcifu uAsmq&mBuD;wifrdk; uG,fvGefwmokH;ESpfjynfhw,f/
udkwifrdk;eJY uRefawmf aemufqkH;awGUvdkufwm[m tif;pdefaxmif
xJrSmyg/ uRefawmfu axmifwGif;aq;kHtay:xyfu/ olu aq;kHeJY
uyf&uf taqmif-5 pdkufcif;xJu/ olu vufjyw,f/ uRefawmfu
vufjyw,f/ ESpfa,mufpvkH; vufjyMuw,f/ ESpfa,mufpvkH;tzdkY
'g aemufqkH;awGUjcif;yJqkdwm ESpfa,mufpvkH; rodMubl;/ [kwfw,f/
tJ'g aemufqkH;awGUjcif;yJ/
1994 wpf0dkufavmufu jzpfr,fxifw,f/ uRefawmfaewJh
wdu
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f n
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hf &mwpfa,muf a&mufvmw,f/ rsuf
166
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
167
167
168
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
168
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
169
169
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
170
]]aq;vdyfvnf;wdk
aevnf;ndKNyD
a&SUudkc&D;qufMupdkY/
ighudka&SUodkY aqmif,lydkY/
nudkvGefaomf a&mifeDysKdU/}}
uRefawmfhpmrSm uAsmcsnf;a&;xm;wm r[kwfygbl;/ EdkifiHa&;
vnf; ygayoaygh/
'DaeY igwdkYEdkifiHa&;awmif;qdkcsufu ]]pk-vTwf-awGU}}/
pk
= a':pkESifhEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH;vTwf/
vTwf = 1990 a&G;aumufyJG&v'f vdkufem/ vTwfawmfac:/
awGU = EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;rsm; ajz&Sif;a&;awGUqkHaqG;aEG;/
oleJYuRefawmfwdkYMum;u pmaytquftqH? EdkifiHa&;tquftqH
[m 'DrSmwif wpfcef;&yfcJhygw,f/
olqkH;NyDMum;awmh odyfpdwfxdckdufrdw,f/ vGefcJhwJh ESpfig;q,f
avmufu ola&;cJhwJh uAsmwpfyk'fudk jyefatmufarhrdw,f/
ordkif;q&m&JUawGU&dScsuf
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awGU&dS&onf
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acgif;cHGrsm;/}}
aemifwpfacwfrmS 'DaeYppftmPm&Siaf wG&UJ a&Tjynfawmf&mZyvif
udk wGef;vSefNzdKzsufMunfh&if orkdif;q&mawG awGU&rSmuvnf;
Ed;k xolwYkd
acgif;cHGrsm; - ygyJ/
uRefawmfah cgif;cHo
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k ifr;kd acgif;cGaH wmh rkcs
awGUrSmvdkY ajymEdkifygw,f/
170
171
- acgif;avmif;xdk;oH b,folYuH
- yifnJdk;&JU *sydk;[def;oH
- axmifeH&HawGrSm yg;pyfawG&dSw,f
- td'@m&D
- td'@m&DESifh tdrsm;pGm
172
acgif;avmif;xdk;oH b,folYuH
1995 oBuFeftausmfrSm wD;wdk;wD;wdk; ozef;ydk;awG axmifudk
y&Gufqdwfudkufovdk wppfppfudkufaew,f/
owif;awGuvnf;pkHygayh/ AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;apmarmif l;oGm;NyD
wJ/h a*gufuiG ;f xJrmS ]]ig usepf pfom;uGa[h}}vdYk xxatmfowJ/h owif;
axmufwpfa,mufu olYudk wpfa,mufwnf;usefcJhwJhppfom;vdkY od'd
wifa&;wmudk olzwf&owJh/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olYudk,fol usefppfom;
vdkYcsnf; BuHK;0g;aeawmhwmwJh/ bk&ifhaemifl;emxaewJh aemufwpf
a,mufvnf; &dSao;owJh/ oluawmh olYudk,fol bk&ifhaemif0ifpm;wm
vdkYcsnf; wzGzGajymaewmwJh/ aemufwpfa,mufuawmh ...
173
174
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
174
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
175
175
176
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
176
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
177
177
178
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
178
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
179
179
yifnJdk;&JU *sydk;[def;oH
2000 jynfEh pS af ESmif;ydik ;f vdYk xifw,f/ uReaf wmfvnf; axmifouf
&Snfav rSwfPfenf;av jzpfvmw,f/ &ufpJGawG? ou&mZfawGudk
w,frrSwfrdcsifbl;/
yifnJ ;kd tif;pdeaf xmifxaJ &mufvmjyefw,f/ tif;pdeaf &mufw,f
qdkvdkY tusOf;om;rxifvkdufygeJY/ olu b&mZD;vlrsKd;? ukvor*&JU
vlYtcGifhta&;qdkif&m txl;tpD&ifcHoljzpfygw,f/ olY&JUt"dutvkyfu
axmifi&Jqdk;awG? axmifi&Jom;awG? axmifi&JemawGtaMumif; ukv
or*udk tpD&ifcHzdkYjzpfygw,f/
180
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
181
181
182
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
182
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
183
183
184
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
awmfygNyDAsm/ 'Dvu
kd pd a wGu uRefawmfwYkd vkd wkid ;f oljynfom;awG
udk &ifematmif vkyfaewJh jzpf&yf vkyf&yfawGyg/ wkdif;jynfwpfjynfvkH;
udkvnf; tonf;uJGatmifvkyfaewJh jzpf&yfvkyf&yfawGyg/
wkid ;f jynfrmS 'Dv*kd syd;k ,E&m;awG vnfywfusdwef if;? csKd;zJah csrIe;f
aeorQ umvywfvkH; ]]jynfolrom wkdif;jynfem}} tjzpfqdk; b0qdk;u
ausmfvTm;EdkifzdkYvrf; rjrifygbl;/
'Dvdk *sydk;,E&m;awG EdkifiHwumrSmvnf; vnfywfaewmygyJ/
'gayrJh w&m;Oya' tmPmpufeJY yg;csyfcsKyfxm;Edkifw,f/ ycsKyfoGif;
xm;Edkifw,f/ ezm;BudK;wyfxm;Edkifw,f/ tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrSm
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224
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
225
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
226
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
227
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
228
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
229
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
230
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
231
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
232
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
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234
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
235
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
236
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
237
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
238
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
240
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
241
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
242
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
243
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
244
244
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245
246
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246
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
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247
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
248
248
249
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251
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252
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
253
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
254
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
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257
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bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
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260
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
261
261
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
262
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
263
263
ppfacG;oHwkdifMum;u a&Tjrpf
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265
265
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266
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
267
267
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268
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269
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bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
271
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[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
272
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
273
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274
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
275
275
276
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
276
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
277
277
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278
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279
280
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
280
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
281
281
282
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
282
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
283
283
284
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
284
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
285
285
286
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
286
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
287
288
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
289
290
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
290
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
291
291
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
292
292
293
294
296
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
296
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
297
297
298
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
298
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
299
299
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
300
oHwkdifoHwHcg;awGudk csKd;zsufazmufxGif;&rSmyJ/
udk,fwkdif EdkifiHa&;twGuf axmifuscJh&wmtwGuf b,fawmhrS
tcsnf;ESD;jzpfcJh&w,fvdkY rxif/ &Jabmf&JbufawGeJY EdkifiHa&;twGuf
axmifuscHae&qJ tjzpfudkvnf; b,fawmhrS tcsnf;ESD;jzpfcJh&w,fvdkY
xifrSmr[kwf/
igwdkY 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfykHBuD;udk qifEJTcJhMuw,f/ ta&;awmf
ykHBuD;udk qufvufqifEJTaeMuw,f/ qufvufqifEJToGm;MuOD;r,fvdkY
ckdifckdifNrJNrJ ,kHMunfw,f/
ppftmPm&Sif ,E&m;BuD;[mvnf; rMumawmhwJ wpfaeYaom
tcgrSm rD;pmukef qDcrf;vdrfhr,f/ pufypnf;ud&d,mawG y&rf;ywm
usKd;yJhjyKwfysufvdrfhr,f/ vIyfr&? vnfr& rIrvS &yfqkdif;oGm;vdrfhr,f
rkcsvdkY cdkifckdifNrJNrJ ,kHMunfw,f/
300
tem*wfodkYjyefoGm;jcif;
axmifxJrSm tzrf;&tcufqkH;t&m[m tcsdefygyJ/ tcsdefumv
wdkY[m vGifhysHoGm;Muw,f/ pD;arsmoGm;Muw,f/ a&GUvsm;oGm;Muw,f/
qkyfvdkYr& udkifvdkYr&/ Mumawmh rSwfvkdYr&awmifjzpfvmw,f/ 'DaeY[m
'DaeYvm;? raeYvm;? eufjzefvm;? eufjzef[m eufjzefvm;/ 'DaeYvm;?
raeYvm;/ raeY[m raeYvm;/ 'DaeYvm;? eufjzefvm;/
axmifxrJ mS aewke;f odypH mtkyaf wG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; zwf&w,f/
em;vnfw,fr[kwfygbl;/ zwfp&m&&if zwfwmyJ/ b,fpmtkyfrsKd;jzpf
jzpf 'DvdkygyJ/ em;vnfwm rvnfwmaemuf/ zwfwmut&if/
ajymcsifwmu odyHynmxJu tcsdefynm&yftaMumif; r[kwfyg
bl;/ axmifxJu tcsdeftaMumif; ajymcsifwmyg/
301
302
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
302
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
303
303
304
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
304
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
305
305
ppfuRefacwfrSm vl&mr0ifcsif
'DaeY uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiHrSm EdkifiHa&; tusyftwnf; tBuD;tus,f
qdkufaew,f/
'Dtusyftwnf;udk uRefawmfwdkY b,fenf;b,fykH ajz&Sif;Mu
rvJ/ jyemudk b,fu pudkifrvJvdkY ar;cGef;xkwfwmyg/
a>rqdk;zrf;wJhtcg b,fvdkzrf;vJ/ acgif;udkifrvm;? tNrD;udkif
rvm;? Zufnpfrvm; qdkwJh ar;cGef;awGoabmygyJ/ 'DaeY EdkifiHa&;
tusyt
f wnf;awGukd ajyvnfatmif ajz&Si;f zdYkq&kd if b,fupd [
m tcsKyf?
b,ftvkyf[m tcsufqdkwm pOf;pm;csdefq&rSmyJ/ enf;vrf;aygif;pkH
&Sm&rSmyJ/
306
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
307
307
308
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
308
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
309
309
310
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
310
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
311
311
312
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
312
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
313
vl&m0ifrSmwJhvm;/
udv
k ekd u
D Reaf cwfwek ;f u vGwv
f yfa&;wdu
k yf GJ OD;aoQmif uAsmpmqdk
BuD; q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; ajymcJhbl;wJhpum;wpfcGef;&dSw,f/
]]uRefacwfrSm vl&mr0ifcsifbl;uGa[h}} wJh/
tJ'DvkdyJ q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;udk OD;ckdufNyD; 'DaeY ppf
tmPm&SifacwfrSm igwdkY BuHK;0g;csifwJh pum;wpfcGef;&dSw,f/
]]ppfuRefacwfrSm vl&mr0ifcsifbl;a[h}}/
313
tcgawmfa&mufcsdef
'Dpmpkudk rSwfwrf;ykHpH uRefawmf ra&;yg/ vlYi&Jaxmifb0 'ku
oku kyfykHvTmtoGifa&;ygw,f/ axmifxJu tusOf;om;awG? jzpf&yf
jzpfpOfawGudk uRefawmfrodwm rsm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfh pdwfcHpm;csufudk
yJ t"duxm;a&;ygw,f/
rwf 4 &ufu vlxkpdef0if;tdrf a&mufw,f/ olu wynfh?
om;ajr;aygol jzpfygw,f/ b,fawmhrS {nfhjywf{nfhiwfol r[kwfyg/
'gayrJh olYrSm i,faygif;BuD;azmfvdk pum;ajymEdkifr,fhol enf;aeygNyD/
uRefawmfwdkYu vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; 50 avmuf cifrif&if;ESD;cJholawGjzpf
314
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
315
316
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
316
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J
317
317
318
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
318