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pm;aom wkd@Armocif ausmif;om;rsm;t=um; ‘ayguf’ vSonf?

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trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
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}udK;pm;cJhjyefonf?aemufqkH; ocifatmifqef;wkd@ *syefatmufusaeonfh trGdKifwGif
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(2)

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ESifh&ifqkdifae&onfh jrefrmtpkd;&tzkd@ taemuftkyfpkt}udKuf w&kwfeDukd OayuQmjyK&ef
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tvif;&eH@ *sme,f trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf

acsmifx;dk cHc&hJ avonf? tar&duef. uGejf rLepf ydwq f @dk a&;ay:vpD atmifjrif&eftvk@d imS
'kwd,ukd&D;,m; tjzpfrcHvkdonfh jrefrmtpkd;&tzkd@ ukef;abmifacwfu refcsL;ppfukd
EkdifchJaom wdrf=um;rif;acgifxkH; ESvkH;rlyD; ppftiftm;wkd;csJ@um w&kwfjzLukd Ekdifatmif
wkdufzkd@om &Sdawmhonf?

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ae&pfawmhacwfa[mif;ponfh c&D;oGm;rSwfwrf;rsm;jzifh w&kwfeDukd tm&Swkduf.
tvif;a&miftjzpf od'<dwifae=ucsdefjzpfonf? 1950-60 jynfhESpfrsm;wckdu AD,uferf/
vmtkdponfh ta&SŒtdrfem;eD;csif;rsm;qDY w&kwfeDppfulESifh tar&duefxD;&dyfu qD;wkd;
wyfrsm; xdyfwkdufawG@ae=ucsdefrkd@ jrefrmqkd&S,fvpftm%mykdifrsm;tzkd@ EkdifiHwGif;Y rnf
onfh tiftm;}uD;EkdifiHukdrS r}uD;pkd;apvkday? xkd@a=umifh cifESif;,k. yef;wkdif;yGifhaom
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(t*Fvdyfvkd)ponfh pmayrsm; xGufvmcJhonf?

w&kwfjzLppfqifa&;twGuf wkd;csJŒ&onfh ArmppfwyfckdifzD;vmcsdefESifh EkdifiHa&;


oufvkHusvmonfh zqyv +ydKuGJcsdefwkd@ wkdufqkdifvm.? xkd@jyif 1955 befa'gif;
nDvmcHwGif =um;aea&;0g'ukd OD;aqmifEkdifiHwpfcktjzpf w&kwfeDESifh yl;wGJa=unmcJhaom
jrefrmukd tar&duefu EkdifiHwumuGefjrLepf qufoG,fa&;tusdK;aqmif[kom
oabmykdufavonf? okd@twGuf zqyvtuGJa=umifh uGefjrLepfvkdvm;aom twkduf
tcH yrnw =oZmwufvmonfrS tpjyKum uGefjrLepf qef@usifa&; ppfwyf. 1958
tm%modrf;tpkd;& ay:xGufvmonf? 'daemuf a¶G;aumufyGJjyefEkdifonfh OD;Ek.
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awmhonf?

(3)

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trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
awmhonf? Auyu w&kwfESifh ykdeD;uyfvmyD; yJcl;&kd;rokd@ ,Ofaus;r_awmfvSefa&;*,uf
&kdufaecsdefwGif +rdK@jyY wifaxG;/ a':trm/ jroef;wifhpolwkd@. w&kwfuGefjrLepfvSKyf&Sm;r_
rSwfwrf;rsm; a&yef;pm;vmr_ukd wefjyef&ef w&kwf-Armta&;tcif;ukd ppftpkd;&u
zefwD;vkdufjcif;onf y'ltkHukd wkwfESifhqGonfxuf qkd;vS.? w&kwfeDESifh Auy.
ta&SŒajrmufykdif;xkd;ppfrsm;u ta&SŒawmiftm&S ppfrD;v#Hrsm; jrefrmjynfukd rul;apvkd
ojzifh wHcg;ydwfxm;onfh jrefrmppfwyf.rl0g'ukd rGrGa=uapawmhonf? tESpf 20
twGif; w&kwftjzLESifh teD. usL;ausmfppfukd =uHh=uHHhcHvkduf&aom ppfwyftwGuf
vlrsdK;jcm;rkef;wD;onfh usOf;ajrmif;aom trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"mwfukd ykdysH@yGm;apouJhokd@
&SdvSonf? w&kwftvkdawmfus aphpyfcsKyfqkdcJh&onfh e,fedrdwfpmcsKyfrSmvnf; yifvkH
pmcsKyfukd ppfwyfzsufcJhouJhokdΠpuULpkwfjzpfcJh&onf?

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qef@usifa&;tvHxlcJhaom OD;odef;azjrifhponfh vuf0Jynmwwfrsm;vnf; rqvwGif
ypm;ay;rcH&awmh? armftvGef wdef@acwfrSpI w&kwf-jrefrm qufqHa&; jyefvnf
aoG;aEG;vmaomfvnf; rqv-Auy jyefvnf&if=um;apha&; (zqyv jyefvnfqef;opf
a&;) yDuif;. }udK;yrf;csurf mS t&mra&mufc?hJ tusbufudk a&S;&SKaeaom rqvppfwyf
tzkd@ 1988tkH}uGr_ukd Auy+rdKŒodrf;xkd;ppftjzpf acsr_ef;vkdufyD;aemuf taemuftkyfpkESifh
cGmjyJum w&kwfqD aiGacs;&onfutp w&kwf=oZmcH wkdif;&if;om;wyfrsm;ESifh typf&yf
um w&kwfukefoG,fzkd@ aps;zGifhvrf;azmuf/ o,HZmw ckwfcGmcGifh ay;onftqkH; rmefcs
'l;axmufcJh&onf?

TwGif ppfat;acwftyD;wGif AuyEG,faom rEG,faom jrefrmynmwwf


tykid ;f wpfcvk ;Hk wGif w&kwaf r#m0f g' xk;d usomG ;yD; taemufar#maf cwf qef;opfvmonf?
0g'a&;t&wGifvnf; w&kwfu pD;yGm;a&;aZmESifh &kyfjyrvScsdefa&mufaeyD; twkduftcH
vSKyf&Sm;r_ukd axmufr ay;aom taemuftkyfpk. vpfb&,f'Drkdua&pDu 'Da&jrifhopf
a&mufaeawmhonf?

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tvif;&eH@ *sme,f trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf

r=umcifu uk;d uef@ta&;tyD; w&kwu f dk jrefrmppfwyfu uefum tar&duef


ESihf jyefaygi;f xkyaf wmhrnf[k ,lqr_rsm;&Scd ahJ omfvnf; jzpfwef&maom tcif;tusi;f opf
rSmum; 1970ausmf uuJhokd@ tar&duef-w&kwf-&yf&Sm;ESifh *syef/ tdENd,/ tmpD,H
&Sd&Sdor# wm0wd Hom tiftm;}uD;rsm;xHrS jr‡Lacsmh+rd‡Kufcspm;rnfh rlvvufa[mif;
azmfenf;um;}uD;ukdyif 'Drkdua&pD oum&nfqrf;yD; wzkHwvGJ jyKpD&ifum yGJwkd;zkd@ =uH
vdrOhf ;D rnf xifyg.? w&kw-f tar&duef/ w&kw-f qkAd , D uf ponfh u|}J uD;rsm;t=um;rSyif
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vSygbdawmhwum;?

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t}udrf}udrf 0ifcJh=u tajccs ae=uavyD? pdeaA'ynm&Sifrsm; acwfay: rE Wav;pma&;
q&mrsm;. vuf&mrsm;ukd zwf±_okH;oyf=uv#if ykdaumif;rnf? tqkH;wae@wGif jrefrm
onf w&kwfvufatmufusvdrfhrnfqkdaom zmeDA,f. rSef;udef; vGJygap[kom
qkawmif; &yg.?

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“aumif;uif (EdkifiHjyKtEkynmr~Zif;)” tGefvdkif;wGif az: jyxm;onfh bdkbdkvef;pif . “b0csif;


rwlawmhonfh w±kwjf ynf” aqmif;yg;tm; jyefvnfaz: jyjcif; jzpfygonf?
<http://www.kaungkin.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=150:2009-10-
05-16-46-48&catid=35:2009-04-17-01-29-53&Itemid=61>

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