General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

1
Temperature


General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

2
Temperature
Temperature
is a measure of how hot or cold an
object is compared to another
object
indicates that heat flows from the
object with a higher temperature to
the object with a lower temperature
is measured using a thermometer
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

3
Temperature Scales
Temperature scales
are Fahrenheit,
Celsius, and Kelvin
have reference
points for the boiling
and freezing points
of water

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

4
A. What is the temperature of freezing water?
1) 0 F 2) 0 C 3) 0 K

B. What is the temperature of boiling water?
1) 100 F 2) 32 F 3) 373 K

C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and
freezing points of water?
1) 100 2) 180 3) 273


Learning Check
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

5
A. What is the temperature of freezing water?
2) 0 C

B. What is the temperature of boiling water?
3) 373 K

C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and
freezing points of water?
1) 100

Solution
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

6
On the Fahrenheit scale, there are 180 F between the
freezing and boiling points, and on the Celsius scale,
there are 100 C.
180 F = 9 F = 1.8 F
100 C 5 C 1 C
In the formula for the Fahrenheit temperature, adding
32 adjusts the zero point of water from 0 C to 32 F.
T
F
= 9 (T
C
) + 32
5
or T
F
= 1.8(T
C
) + 32
Fahrenheit Formula
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

7
T
C
is obtained by rearranging the equation for T
F.

T
F
= 1.8(T
C
) + 32
Subtract 32 from both sides.
T
F
32 = 1.8(T
C
) + (32 32 )
T
F
32 = 1.8(T
C
)
Divide by 1.8. T
F
32 = 1.8 T
C
1.8 1.8

T
F
32 = T
C

1.8
Celsius Formula
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

8
Solving a Temperature Problem
A person with hypothermia has a
body temperature of 34.8 C. What
Is that temperature in F?

T
F
= 1.8(T
C
) + 32

T
F
= (1.8)(34.8 C) + 32
exact tenths exact

= 62.6 + 32
= 94.6 F
tenths
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

9
The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8 F.
What is that temperature on the Celsius scale?
1) 73.8 C
2) 58.8 C
3) 41.0 C

Learning Check
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

10
The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8 F.
What is that temperature on the Celsius scale?
3) 41.0 C
T
C
= T
F
32
1.8
= (105.8 32 )
1.8
= 73.8 F = 41.0 C
1.8 tenths place

Solution
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

11
A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455 F. What
temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?
1) 423 C
2) 235 C
3) 221 C



Learning Check
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

12
A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455 F. What
temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?
2) 235 C
T
F
32 = T
C

1.8

(455 32 ) = 235 C
1.8 ones place

Solution
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

13
On a cold winter day, the temperature is 15 C.
What is that temperature in F?
1) 19 F
2) 59 F
3) 5 F

Learning Check
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

14
3) 5 F
T
F
= 1.8T
C
+ 32

T
F
= 1.8(15 C) + 32
= 27 + 32
= 5 F
ones place
Note: Be sure to use the change sign key on
your calculator to enter the minus () sign.
1.8 x 15 +/ = 27
Solution
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

15
The Kelvin temperature
is obtained by adding 273 to the Celsius temperature
T
K
= T
C
+ 273

In the Kelvin temperature scale:
There are 100 units between the freezing and boiling
points of water.
100 K = 100 C or 1 K = 1 C
0 K (absolute zero) is the lowest possible
temperature.
0 K = 273 C
Kelvin Temperature Scale
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

16
Temperatures
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

17
What is normal body temperature of 37 C in kelvins?
1) 236 K
2) 310 K
3) 342 K


Learning Check
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

18
What is normal body temperature of 37 C in kelvins?
2) 310 K

T
K
= T
C
+ 273
= 37 C + 273
= 310. K
ones place


Solution