or APXAIOI EAAH EL; L;THN YTIEPTIONTIA E2ATIAQL;H TOYL;
ev-coniou<; oe QUO nepinou xpOVla. Ta 8pauop.m;a eAAr}VIKrle:; Ke­
256 Xpuou OUKWAiow uno
l;l1V Yl;iKl1, nou CIKovi~ouv
CVUV 'EAAl1VU ociwpo KUl
<paOloe va eKolKll8ei -cov 8ava"t0 -cou D.cupu~we:; KID va avoi~el "tl1v
W UVUWAIKO oUl1nAeYl1U
cvoc; 8cou nou mni8nUl
oc Aconupl ('IUv1ou, Mouo.
Bardo).
272
pal1IKrle:; o-c1'} ~a6p<i8a KUl 0"t1'} MeyeiA1'} Acn-tloa oev 0l1Awvouv
eAAllVlKtl eYKa"tao"taol1,204 ecpooov O-C!1V iOla "tl1v KapXl100vQ
ccp8avav miv-co"te e.i\.i\I)VlKU av-clKeipeva OIIOl00rlnOl;e Kl av rl"tav
-co IIoAnlKo K.i\illa. 0 ~wpleue:; Klvrl811KE npoe:; 1;11 om::l.Kr} ~K.e­
.i\ia, onou iopuoe pIa a.i\.i\.1'} no.i\J1 o"tl1V HpciKAela (rn8avov "to
TpanuvI) KOV"Ga o"to opoe:; 'Epu~, oe <pOIVlKlKO coacpoc:;. Kal eaul
nUAl oev apY110E va unool;ei "tl1V eni8eOI} "t(i)V <POlVlKWV KQl "(6)V
ev-coniwv, KQl uncKuwe. MepiKoi aIIo toue:; av8pwnoue:; tou au~­
cpuyav, yia va eyKal;ama80uv O-C1'}V HpaK.i\ela Mlvwa, aveillcoa
o""(;ov ~ejhvoUv"ta KUl mov AKpayav"ta. 205
IIoAHlmlKce:; av-caA.i\ayce:; aValleOa o-touc:; 'EAArtvee:; KUl "tou<;
<PoiVlKec:; m1'} OlTtlKr} MeooyelO cpaivetUl O"tl un:r}p~av Aiyee:;, napa.
-Cl1V napouoia ell.r}vlKwv aya8wv oe "tooo IIo.i\.i\OUe:; CPOIVlKIKOU<;
KUl KapX1'}OOVlaKoue:; OlKlOPOUe:;. 1:tl} L:IKeAia 01 nAl1olcmepe<;
npoe:; "toue:; <PoivIKee:; nOAcle:; Ota ou"trKa, oneue:; 0 ~eAlvoue:;, npe­
nel va u108c-c!1oav oplOpevee:; <pOlVlKlKCe:; npaK-clKEe:;, II18avov w<;
ano"tc.i\eopa evoe:; OUXVa petaKlvoUpcVOu rr.i\.r}8uopou ma npw­
"ta XPovla. 206 Ano apXQlOAoYlKrl ClII0'PTl l1IIOpoUpe va napa"tl}­
prlooupe O-Cle:; nAouOlee:; oelpee:; CPOIVl.K1KWV Kill KapXIlaOVlaKulV
oKapa6aieuv ano npaOlVO iaon!1, nou apxi~ouv o-c1'}v umepoap­
xalKl} nepiooo, peplKa d.AI}VIKa 8clla-ca KQl Kanma crriapaOl}
ell!1VIKOU mu.i\ (elK. 255)207 - pra av"tanooool} Yla ooa eixav
pei8e1 naAlo-cepa peoa o-tov i010 Qlwva 01 'EllIlvee:; o-cllv nawi­
oa tOue; Yl' aU1::l} "t11v "tCXVIl. <Paivnal ou u108ctrl81}KaV pepl­
Koi eAAl1vIKoi TImOl OaXtUAloIWV at1}v KapXIloova KQl "tI}v Ytlia}
(elK. 256).208 01 av8pcunOl nou 01eOWOaV "toue; oxapa6aiouc; KQl
"ta nepiarrca yupw ano "t1'} MeooyelO <paivc-cQl O"tl apcOKOV"tav
KQl 01 i0101 ma 111Kponpaypa"ta.
~"tOV np6npo m:prrco Qlwva 0 "tupavvoe; "tIle; reAac; rCAwv ano­
ACPPIKl} mo eAAIlVl.KO eprrOp1O. rvwpi~oupe i\iya pOVO Yla "tIC;
np6Hee; "tou EK01::pa-cdee:;, alla 1::0 480 "ta npaYlla"ta e<p"taoav oe
KpiOlllO OJ}}lelo. Eixe eVloxU0el 1::1) 8eOI} tOU unoxpewvovtac; "tQU<;
neplOoo"tepOue; ano -COUe; Ka"tOlKoue:; 1;11C; re.i\ae:;, -Clle:; Kapaplvac;, KQl
1;(i)V Meyupwv Y6.i\aicuv va EYKal::ao"ta80Uv m1C; ~upaKO\im:e:;, nou
eyrvav I} . KUlVOUpW 1;OU npeul::euouoa. 01 av"tinai\oi "tou OtO Pri­
ylO KQl "t1'}V Ipepa Ka.i\eoav "tom; KapXIloovioue:; va OteiAouv OU­
VallEIC; o-tT} L:1KeAia Kill va "tOY ava-cpeqTOuv. 0 L:e.i\lvouc; cpaive­
-Cal 01;1 eixe ouv"taX"tel pe "tOUC; <PoiVlKee; yehovee; "tOU. 01 ouva­
llnc; ecp"taoav lle apXl1Yo -cov Api.i\.Ka, o-tpa1::oneoeuoav o-tl}v Ip.e­
pa, KUl Ka1;a"tpomb811KaV ana "tOY mpa-co 1;OU rCAcuvoe;. Acye"tQl
ot! "tT}v i01a aKp16wc; J)llepa nou e.i\eu8epWOT}KE Il ~l1{eAiu ano "tI}V
unel.i\tl -cllC; KapXTloovac;, 0 e.i\.i\T}vl.KOc; o"toAOC; anw8110e ErrneAouc;
 H ITAAIA, H L;IKEAIA KAI H ilYL;H

LOUe; ITepoe<; Olil1 ~aAalliva, KaJ e"tOl 01 'Ellr}vee; oe Ava"toM KaJ 257 AarUH~vlO u:tpaopax­
llO tUlV 2;upaKouowv' 480­
~UOI1 OWSJ}KaV ano LOUe; 6ap60.poU<;. ~e avo.pv l1011 "tIle; 1l0.XI1e; au}
479 nX.(;).
~lKeAia x-.:;iO"tIlKaV KillVOlJpIOl vaoi -IIOU XPI1110"toOOU)SJ}Kuv ano
"tJ}V KapXTloovlaKi} IIoAellIK..Ji UIIO~IlPicuoJ}-, evuc; allo "toue;
olloioue; x-.:;iO"tl'}K£ O"(1)V Ill-cpa. Kal 0 rCAWV EKOlP£ vOlliopa"tu
aVallV1)o"tlKo. "tl'}<; vlKl'}<; IIOU yeVlKo. uvayvcupi~oV"taJ o£ evav "tUno
(elK. 257) IIOU £ival allo "ta cupmo"tcpa odYlla"ta "t1'}e; CAA1'}VlKi}e;
VOlllOllU"tlKJ)e; "teXV1)e;.209 L:"touc.; fu:AcpOUe; 0 i01Oe; Kal 01 aocpcpoi
"tou aqnepcuoav xpuoee; NiKCe; Kal "tpinooee; «exov"tae; Ku"taK"ti}ocl
liOUe; 6ap6o.poue; KaJ exoVliUe; anAWOel liO (fnAIKo XCPl li1'}e; 2Acu­
Scpiae; oc oAoue; liOUe; 'Ellr}vee;».210

01 'E.u'1ve~ OT'1 fJMio KDI T1] 86pelo lonovia

MIa evallaKlinnl 000e; ano "ta 6pe"taVlKo. V1)OHi 1.1£ "tov Kaooi­
liCpO WC; eKelVl'} nou 00l}yo110e ml} VOlilQ Iorravia OICOX1~C xep­
oaicuc; "t11 rallia. L:"tl} vo"tIa 000 01 'EAA.nvec; eprropOl Ule; Ava­
"toMe; - Kupicue; 01 <PcuKaeie;, orrwe; cpaivC"tUl - elXav va av"t1­
pCliWrriOOUV liOV av"taycuV10ll-0 "t(i)V <POlV!KWV, Kal omc Kal 01
V1'}Olcu"tlKee; 60.021e; "tou<; ml1v KOPOlKi}, "(1) ~apol'}via KQl li!<;
BaAeapioee; J)"tav aocpaAeie;, 000 11 Epe"tpla (i)OLOOO J)"tuv CPIA1­
Ki), 1.1IIopouoav va olaSe"touv pIa aocpaAJ) aK"toypa1.111i} we; "t11
rallia Kal we; "t1)V o.AAI1 000 "tou Kaoonepou, onou 01 <PoivlKec;
oev pnopouoav va OPo.oouv, "tOUAo.XIO"tOV OUVap1Ko.. L:upcpwva
pe "tI1V npaK"tJ.K.i} IIOU aK010uSouoav Kal allou, oIaocpaAlOaV
"to epnopio "toue; 10puov"tae; anolKie<;. AAAo. oev IIpenCl va i}"tav
01 rrp6nOl 'EAAI}Vec; nou err1OKe<p"tI1KUv uu"ti} "tI1V UK"tJ).211
Eival cpavepo Oli! "to rno KpiOlpO Ol'}l.lElO 6plOKo"tav 0-.:;0 0-.:;0­
p10 "tou Pooavou. Eow, oe X(i)Plo. "t(i)V eVLorricuv, orrwe; oe cKei­

273
01 APXAI01 EAAHNE~ ~THN YIIEPIIONT1A E2AIIA.Q~H TOYl;

va Oto ~a!v-MnAa!~ Kal OtO Au Koupov, 8peSl)Ke elil)V1Kl}

KepapIKJl tou UOtepou e800pou alWVU. Ta rraAIOtepa XPOVOAO­
yr}OlllU KOlllHiuu eiVa! KOPIVSIUKa, UAAa tU neplOOOtepa ay­
yeia eiva! UVatOAIKOeliIlVIKa, pe pepIKQ aSIlValKa nou ecpSa­
oav lleta ta peoa tOU eKtOU a!wva OtO ~Ulv-MnAa!~. H eAAIl­
vlKIl KOlvOtIl"ta eow avan-cuxSIlKe YPI1yopa, KUl iocue; 11 SeOl}
va neplr}ASe oUOlaOtIKQ o"tIlV KUt0xtl. "tIle;, napoAo nou oev ei­
Val yveuOtO KanOlO uPXaio ovopa Yl' autr}v. &v eivU! eniOl}e;
oucpee; nOlOi "EA.AJ1vec; ecptaoav rrpwtOl eKei tOY e800110 UlWva.212
Yrrapxouv lleplKee; CPIAOAOYIKee; pap-cupiee; Yla POOIQKO arrOlKl­
0}l0 nplV ano "tTlV iopuOJl tIle; MuooaAlae;, m9avov o'autJ} tI1Y
neplOxr} KUl aocpa1wc; axopu paKputepa ota nup<iAla tIle; 80­
pewe; Ionaviae;, OtIl POOIl. 6.uOtUXwe; oev unapxouv UPXUlOAO­
YlKee; paptupiee; Yla tIlV iopuOJl Ule; PooIle;.213 Ta x<iAKlva ay­
yeia nou nepaoav p'UUtOV tOY tpono OtIl VOtla rUAAia, KUl
aKopa KQl OtIl reppavia, ota xpovia nplV ano to 600 KUl Aiyo
apyotepa, eiVUl tOU tunou tOY onoio eioape 11011 OtIlV Ionaviu
Kal oKecptJlKape va tOY ouoxetioolJlle pe tOUe; <PCUKaeie;.
01 <PCUKueie; iopuoav tTl MaooaAla Aiyo avatoAlKotepa ana
to otOPlO "tou Pooavou, to 600 n.x. nepinou. H oUYXPOYTl nolu}
epnoolOe tIe; uvaOKacpee;, ulia unJ\p~av OlaCPOpee; eUKUlpiee;, KQl
ta anOteAeopm::a -nou peAetr}9l)KaV nPOOeKtlKa- eivUl nOAu
anOKaAUll"tlKa. H EAAIlV1KI) no.AJ1 8PIOKOtUV enaVCU mov AOepO
ota 80pelu tOU IIUAlOU fupUVlOU. ~t1e; apxee; autou tOU QlWVU
urrr}p~av eupqp.ata eow, Ka9we; KQl oto <ppOUPlO ~QlV Zav (nou
KataAUp8avel tTl 80pew nAeupa tTle; elOooou tOU AIp.avlOu), KQl
01 Kateoucpioele; nou eylvav KUta tIl ~haPKe1U tOU teAEutuiou
nOAepou eocuoav apeocue; pe-ca tl)v eUKQlpia yw avaOKa<pee; KO­
Vta <nI)v npoKupaia tOU IIUAlOU i\1-l1avlOu, Aiyo avu-coAlKOte­
pa uno to cppOUPlO ~UlV Zuv.
Ta eupqpu-cu oeixvouv O-CI 11 nOAIl OeXtTlKe Kata tTl ouip­
KeIa -cou eKtOU Ulwva pIa pey<iAJ1 nOllana ano £lOuycuyee; ana
"tIl PI1tpOnOAI"t1Kr} EAAa6u. 214 EKtoe; ano ta 0UVTl8Iopeva KO­
plv81aKa epya, KQl KUtOnlv ta USI)ValKa, unapxouv Kal pEpl­
Ka onU.Ptla"tlKa, e"tpOUOK1Ka KQl «XUAK1~hK<i.». Ymipxe1 nMSoc;
ava"tOA!K0£AA11VIKWV ayyeicuv, oueue; Sa nEp1lll:~VapE, napoAo nou
Aiya ano- UUta eiVQl oa<pwe; pOOWKa. Yuapxouv cupaia XIQKO
ayyeiu, KaSOOe; KU! ap<popeie; KpaOlou ano to YTloi. 01 aAAOl
puSpoi eivQl xapaKtTlP1o"tlKOi alia OEV pnopouv eUKoAa vu
taUtlotOlJv. Ymipxouv tQlVlCUta ayyeia evoe; tunou nou aVtl­
ypa<pI)Ke IIOAU ano to. tOmKO epyaotruna, KUSWe; KQl UVOlXt0­
<PQlll KepupIKt1. bucchero. IIpoKeual yw evav puSllo KOlVO otle;
6opelee; nOAEle; "tIle; AVatOAIKrle; EAAaoac; KQl "ta uyyeia uuta
uvayvcupi~ovtQl ouxv<i we; £lOaypevu <peuKalKa rl anoplPrl0e1C;

274
 H ITAAIA, H 1;IKEAIA KAI H ~Y1;H

"tom;, o"tUV OUVUV"twnUl o"tIl 6:uOJl. YmipX£l rrAr}80<; U~"tOlOOV 0"t11

MaooaAia, KaI £llq:>avi~oYtal orrouoilIIO"t£ umipXCl OlIOlaOI}rrO­
u: UlAIl eAAllvlKI} KepalllKi} O"tl<; yaAAIKe<; mne<;. L:"ta rrpooq:>a­
"ta xpovla EYlV£ q:>avcpo nooo nA.i}Pll<; I}tav 0 c~eAAr}VlopO<; l:;11<;
vo"tla<; ralA.ia<; "tOY EKl;O alWva, KUl UrrQPXCl nAI)8o<; pu811WV
oUq:>w<; aVU"tOA1KOCAAI}VIKI}<; EprrvCUOI}<; I} Ka"tayooyI}<;.215 Evod­
~Cl<; Yia l;I}V eUll11cpiu "tI}<; MuooaAia<; Ol;OV uO"tCPO EKl;O illwva
£ival "tU 0X£UKQ Qq:>80va vOlliOllUl:;Q ""(;fl<; KUl 0 oopaio<; paplla.pl-
VO<; 8I}oaupo<; nou eX"tlOe I} nOA.I} mou<; &Aq:>OlJ<;.216 Tu q:>OlVl-
KoelOI} KlOVOKpuva "tCUV KIOVCUV mI}v npOOl:;Qoi} "tOU dVal ev6<;
tUlIOU nou aUVUnQ"tUl nabo"tepa mIl <PwKUla.
MIa 8uya"tplKI} anolKia "tI}<; MaooaAia<; i}"tav "to EpnoplOv,
to ouyxpovo Apnoupla<; 0l;I} Bop£la lanavia. BpioKCl;Ql nOAu
llaKplQ uno tIl xepoaia 000 tOU Kuoouepou, Kal rrapoAo nou
IIpEnel va e~un11Pc"touoe "tI}v o.v"tA.I}OJl "tCUV an08ello."toov llC"tQA.­
AOU "toov IIupI}vaioov, llIIopci va 8ccupI}8d llQAAOV cue:; ma8116e:;
"tI}<; q:>cuKalKI}<; e~epeuVI}OJl<; "tcuv aKtWv. 'Eva uO"tcpo<; Pcullaioc;
ouyypaq:>Ea<;, 0 ABIEVOUe:;, eypa,¥e pIa IIOlJ'}tlKl) yewypaq:>ia nou
q:>aive"tal 0"t1 Baoi~£"tCll evpEpel oe plU e~1mOpI}0Jl evo<; ta~lolOU
ano tJ'} MaooaAia, peocu l;OU nBpaA"tQp, O"tJ'}V lpAavoia KUl "tIl
Bpe"tavia. MeplKE<; A£II1~OpEpelec; "tOU, KID 101aitepa J'} napQAel­
lJ'tl "tOU va avaq:>epel 'to EllnoplOv, UIIOOI}A.WVOUY O"tl pnopd va
XPI}OlPOIIOlei pla C~lOl;c;)PI}<JI} 'tcuv "ta~lOIWV l;CUV <PCUKaecuv npiv
10pu8d I} nOAI}.217 To iOlO l;0 El1IlOPlOV q:>aivc"tal O"tl 10pu811K£
alleooo<; pe"to., av OXI 'tamoxpova pc "tJ'} Maooa1ia. 218 Yno.Pxel
KOplV81a.KJ1 KID aval;OAlKoeAA11vlKI} KcpalllKl'i ano "tIe:; apxe<; 'tou
eK"tOu IDwva KQl llc"to., KUl avanOq:>CUKl;a KID a8J'}valla}. 0 rrpwto<;
01KIOll0<; 6pioKetUl oe eva V110Cua. anevavu uno lila nOAr} "twv
£v"tomcuv, aAAa q:>aivcl;al O"tl 01 'EAAllvee:; eixav to vEKpo"taq:>eio
"toue:; OliT}V anevav"tl aK"tI}. 0 :E"tpa6cuv Aee1 0"t1 o"tav lOpu811Ke 0
e.A1llvlKo<; OlK10}l0<; enavcu mI}v UK'tI}, BplOKOtaV nACt1 O"tI}V nolI}
"tcuv eV'toIIioov, oX! opcu<; evcupevo<; 11' amI}v, alia OU apyo"te­
pa evowpa'tW8J'}Kav. 219 01 avaOKaq:>E<; O"tJ'}V rrOAI} eoe1~UV 0"t1 ~OU­
oav eKel 'EAAI}Ve<; 'to "teAeu"taio "tE"tap'tO "tOU eK"tOU Ulwva, KUl
eocuoav nollEC; nAIlPoq:>opie<; Yla 'tIl llcl;ayeveo'tepl} Imopia, 01
Aem:;opepeu:e; opw<; 'tIle; "tolloypaq:>iae:; "tCUV IIaAIOtepCUv xpOVCUV
"tll<; CAAl'}V1Kt}<; anolKiac; oev eivm.-QKOlla Ka80AOU oaq:>eie;.
H iopuOI} "tIl<; MaooaMae; uni}p~e Eva OI}llUytlKO oPOOI}110 O"tI}V
1mopia 'tcuv Aawv "tI}<; raAu"tia<;. 0 IIOA1"tlO}lO<; 'tou<; tl'tav Evae;
clo.oo<; 'tou IIoaH1opou «XaAO"ta't» l;1}e:; enoX!ic; 'tou XUAKOU nou
eixe eIIlKpa-r;t}oel oc pey<i1o pepo<; "tIl<; KeytplKtl<; Eupwnl}e:;, KUl,
Yia "tl<; Qu"tlKee; neplOxee; "toUao.XlO"tov, i}"tuv I} np6)'t1} <popa lIOU
i}p8av oe o"teVTi enaq:>i} pc l;OUC; 'EllI}ve<;. Ynapxouv 0plOlleve<;
crnopaoel<; nou prropei va ~hQKpivel 0 apXilloAoyoe;, Kill OX1 arle<;

275
or APXAIOI EAAHNEL; L;TH
258 0pauolla ayyeiou Qua
Evoepuv' 6oe; Ol.
"[;Q
259 XUAKIVO aYKlmpo ~ci>Vl1c;
o.na"U1V Cay 1a' 6oe; Ol.
(Cayla, :EuAA. Taffanel).
276
YIIEPIIONTIA E2:AIIAQL;H TOYL;
elOaywyee;. Mia ana aUl;ee; eivUl IJ. l;OrrlKJ1 papaywYrl aYYelCUv
~wypaqnopevwv eAeu8epa pc noAAanAee; rrlveAlee; (elK. 258, uno
l;0 EvoepUv).220 Amri l;IJ.V "'CCXVlKri ea piiopouoav va l;IJ.V exouv
thoaXl;ei povov ano l;OUe; 'EAlr}v8e;, KUl apXlOe Ol;OV eK"'Co Ulci>va
Ol;IJ. vOl;la raAlia KUl l;11 60pew Ionavia. 'lowe; Kal 0 veoe; "'Cu­
rroe; xaAKlvou ayKim;pou ~ci>vIJ.e; (elic 259), nou cylVe oIJ.l.loq>1­
Me; Ol;l1V lOla rreplOXtl au"tit l;IlV enoXtl,z21 va ocpei!el KUl;1 otIC;
xuAKlvee; ~wvee; rrou eioape tl0Tl ol;l1 <Ppuyiu KUl lJ11v lwvia (elK.
100, 101) KUl IIOU iowe; va "'[;1e; ecpepav Ol;J} 6.uOfl 01 <PwKae1C;.
MeplKu napaoeiYPul;a uu'tou "tou OU"tIKOU "turrou 6ptlKuv "'Cov
oPOllO "toue; ylU "'CT}V EAAuou (OAUllIIia, KipKupa).222
o PWIJ.uioe; IO'tOpIKOe; IOU<Hivoe; Aeel O"ti «01 raAu"tee; 0100.­
X"tIJ.KUV arro 'toue; 'EAAIJ.Vee; evuv IIlO rrOAHlOpeVO "tpono ~UltlC;
KUl eyKa"'CeAelqJaV "tIC; 6ap6uplKee; "toue; ouvil8elee;. APXloav va
opy@vouv "ta xwpucpIa "toue; K.QI va l;elxi~ouv "tIe; rrOAeIe; toue;.
~UvtlelOaV aKopa va souv pe "tOY VOllO KUl OXI pe "tTl 6ia 'tcuv
Orr.AWV, KUl va KaAAlepyoUv allneAla, KUl eAU~e;. H npooooe; "tou<~,
m;oue; KaAOUe; "tponoue; Kal m;o rrAOtJ'tIl, tl"tov "tooo Aopnpri IIOU
CPQlvo'tuv oav va eixe yivel I) raAa"tia "tPrlpa "tIJ.e; EAAuoae;, KUl
0Xl J} Ellooa va eXel arrolKioel 'tIl ra1a1;ia.»223
na "tIl,v elOaywYI1 anD "'Coue; 'EllJ}vee; Ol;l1 vO'tla rallia LOU
apneMou KUl "tIle; eAlOe;, 01 EupwnaiOl npenel va l;OUe; eivUl ClKOIJ.a
euyvcbpovee;. H MaooaAia oUvl;opa eylve opam;r}pla e~ayc.uyeac;
'twv OlKWV 't1}e; npoiov"twv, KUl napoAo nou XlaKoi Kal aBJ}val­
r . . , p r O ' r
KOl apcpOpeIe; elOaYOV1;aV "tOY eK"tOV alWVa, ouv"topa apXloe va
Ka1;aoKeua~el 1;a OlKO "tIJ.e; ayyeia Yla Kpaoi (elK. 260) tl AaOl
KUl va 01e~oye1 eva ~c.u11P0 epnoplo p.e "toue; eV't0rrioue;. To npw­
"to Kpaoi nou itmav mIl Boupyouvoia J}1;av eAAIJ.V1KO Kpaoi ano
'tIl MaooaAia. 224 Me "'Coue; apcpopeie; KpaolOu "ta~ioeue KUl J} cA­
AI)V1Kr} Kepap.lKr}, Kupiwe; aeIJ.VaiKtl KQl ava"toAIKoeAAIlVI.KJ1
"tou oemepou IJ.pioeoe; 'tou eK"tOU Ulcbva. H peyaAu'tepIJ. ouyKe­
V1;PWOfl "te"tOIWV eUPIJ.po"t6>V unapxe1, onwe; eivUl cpUOlKO, KOTIa
mI)v aKtJ} yupw ano 'tTl MaoaaAia KQl "to a'top.IO 'tou Pooavou,
on6>e; O'tJ)v ApA, uAAa. unapxouv KQl noAAa. oe eva nM8oe; 8e­
oewv mo AaVYKeV'toK, 60pela KUl voua ano "tIl N ap6ovvI), 101m­
1;epa mo Evoepuv, onou Ba npcnel va um1PXe evae; eAAJ)v1Ko<;
O1KlOP.O<)25 Ava"toAlKa "tJ}e; MaaaaAiac;, Kill Aiyo Ou'tlKol;epa ano
'tJ}v TOUAOV, p.Ia KUlVOUPlU BeOfl (Mov I'Kapou) oivel llla mpCi>­
pa"toypacpIJ.peVIJ. elKOVa 'tJ}e; apXUloAoyiae; 1;J}e; neplOxJ1e;, pe cvav
eVtOnlo OlKlop.O XOAO'tO"t, pe"to 'tOY onoio unupxel eva avo}ll­
K"tO mp@p.a tou np(~)lIlOU CK"tOU Qlcbva nou nep1eixe e"tpouOK1­
KI1, eAA.llVlKil Kill CPOlV1KllO} Kepapl.K.i}, KQl Ka1;OIIlv KUPlOPXOlIV
eAAJ}VlKoi pUe}lOi. 226 MIa napopOla elKova napotiOlu~e1;al Kal
oe oAAee; BioeIe; mIJ.v evooxcbpa, ouwe; mo k IIeYK. 227
 H ITAAIA, H ~IKEAIA KAT H t.Y~H

-._­ -- ---
260 MaaaaAlC0ClKoc; allCPopeac; KpaolOu ~,no co Xouve­
lllloupyK' 50c; al.

~l;0 eOc.neplKo, KUl;U PJi~o<; -C;WV OOWV l;OU Kuoonepou KQl

CK£1VWV rrou oorlY0Uv 0-C;1<; nAouOlol;CPC<; KckclKe<; nOACl<; l;OU
noAHlOp.oU «XaAmu-c;», 0 OYKO<; l;WV cA.A1}vlKcbv cupI}]la-cwv PCIW­
VCl;a1, UAAU CiVUl IIlO CVl;uIIwOlClKa. YIIapxcl lua SeOll, wo-cooo,
pc apKcnl CAAllVlKTt Kcpallllnl, nou 0l1!WVCl O-Cl EnQl~C O1Ula­
V""tlKO POAO m;o CPIIOPlO l;I}<; MaooaAiuc;. IIpoKenm YIa l;I}V nolI}
OLO Mov Auooua Kov"ta O-COV ~I}KOUUVU, C~I}Vl;a ncpinou Xl­
AI0PCtpU vo-clOavu-c;oAIKa tou IIaplOlOu. BpiOKC-C;Ql oc Eva ~w­
UKO O11PelO, OIIOU 0 no"tapo<; naucl va CiVUl cUKoAa IIAWl;OC;
KQl "ta aya8a eIIpcrrc va ~c<pop"tweoUv Yla va "tu~loe,¥ouv rrpoc;
ta VO-ClU w<; "tOY Euov, "tOY Pooavo KQl "tIl MaoouAla, rl l;1<; no­
ACl<; "twv cv"tonlwv o"ta ava"tOAIKa, Tt peow -cwv cABc-ClKWV ne­
paop.u-c;wv O-CI} Bopcw !"tuAia. MeplKoi loxupimI}Kav O-Cl ano -C;l'lV
teACul;aia alTtl) 000 eqHaoav -c;a eAM}VlKa cUPrlpa"ta O"tllV KC­
V"tplKrl Kill m;llv avutoAuai raAMa, aAAa "tOY EK"tO mwvu 11 XPrlO11
l;ll<; ooou tI}<; MuoouAia<; cmBeBQlwVHQl ano -C;ll puooaAlw-clKrl
Kcpap1Krl nou Bpe811KC o"to Mov Aaooua, cvw l;0 EV"tOVO CUll­
VlKO cvow<pepov YIU "tIl Bopcla I-caAia KQl "tllV KOlAaou tou IIuoou
avan"tuooc-ca1 apyotcpa llOVO.
To 1953 uvaoKu<pI}KC 0 -caq>lKo<; "tupBo<; lUU<; IIplyKiIIlOOU<;
m;o Bl~, -co vCKpo-ca<pcio "tou Mov Auooua, KUl eowoc euPTtPu­
tU nou 11 KUAAUCXVIKrl "tOUC; u~ia auvaywvi~ctQl "tllV IO"tOPlKrl
t0UC; orrouomo"tI}"ta. 228 Avupcoa O"tl<; npoo<pope<; un:rlPXc 0 pc­
yaAul;epo<; KQl cupmo"tcpoc; CAA.1}VlKOC; XUAlnvo<; KPU"tTlPaC; (elic
261) IIOU eivUl pexpl "twpa yvwo-r;o<;. 0 AaI}lO<; l;OU civU! Ola­
KOO}lI}]levo<; pc avayAu<pc<; napao"taocl<; IIOAC}llO"tWV KQl appa­
twv, 01 AaBe<; "(ou pc yopyovc<;, KU! OAC<; 01 uvay!uq>c<; }lopq>e<;
eiVQl xupevc<; KU! OKaAl0IH-:ve<; pc e~Qlpe"tlKrl "tEXVI}. EiXe myo<;
nepinou 1.64 p. pa~i pc "to KaAuppa "tou, "to onoio irtav Eva<;
oioxo<; pc eva UIIepoxo YUVU!KeiO el0wAlO o"to Kev"tpo "tou nou
xpI}oipcuc W<; AaBi}. Eixc "tu~10e,¥el oe Kop}laUa, pcplKa ana
tu onoia e<pcpav ypapp.ul;a yia va 01CUKOAuv8ei I} ouvappoAo­

277
OI APXAIOI Ei\i\HNE~ ~THN YTIEPTIONTIA E3ATIi\Q~H TOY~

261 X<ifu{lVO<; Kpa.i}pa<; ano .0 Bl~'

yupw ow 530 rrX (Chatillon-sur-Seine'
~. 1.64 p.).

278
 H ITAAIA, H 2;IKEAIA KAI H ~Y2;H

262 Xa.AxIVOC; Ae6rrmc; lle "{;PIIIOOlKii

6aaq rrou 6pe6qKe KOVl;U o"{;o ~ov

Aaooua (Au Thapev)' peoa 60u al.

(Chatillon-sur-Seine'

II,!" 32+57 eK,).

Yl10Il pna "t11v <lq)l~Ji l;OU. 229 0 Kpa"ti}pae; eiVQ.1 mSovo-co-ca onop­
l;lO"tIKO epyo, aila CK-COe; ono ou-cov umiPxov KQl "tpia Cl;pOU­
OKIK<l x<iAKlva ayyeia, OUO m))nvce; aS11ValKee; KUAlKCe;, 11 lIia
anD aU"te<; l;11<; oEKoe-ciae; l;OU 520 nou xpovoAoyei "tT}V ;tacpJi
01;0 -CeA11 "tou eK-cou Qlc.)vo, KOSWe; enio11e; Kal XUAKlVO aVl;IKel­
pEVO, <fWAHho KID KoapJip.a"ta, pe-co~u 1;(J)V onoi(J)v KID evo xpuao
Ol<1011}1a EnUV(i) mo Kecp<lAl "t11e; vEopi},e; yuvaixa<;.
Evevi}v"to xpov1a npiv ono "t11V aVOKaAU1Fl1 -.;ou 811oauPOU
l;OU B1~, eixe ovoaKa<pei eva<; uilo<; "tlillBo<; ac anoo-coOIl "tP1WV
nepinou xwope-,;p(i)v anD au"tov, 0 onoio<; nep1eixe evo CAA11V1­
KD x<lAKIvo OXEUOe; evo<; noAu ola<pope-';lKou "tUnou. 'H1;av evae;
AeBl'l-Cae; pE 1;eoaepl<; npo-.;ope<; ypunwv K<l"t(i) anD "to xeiAOe; "tOU,
rrAtlP11<;, p a 9 pE -';0 -cpmooIKo mJ1p1ypu -cou (elK. 262).230 'Exoupe
p1AJ1ac1 i}011 YlQ aVal;oli~ov"tee; AeB11-';E<; au-cou "tou eioouC; (a.
85). IIpoKcnQl YIa eva Olp"1PO nopaoElypa -cou npw"tou 11pioeoc;
toU eK"tou alwva, KQl UIIOOl;IlPix-.;l1KC 0-';1 eixc Ka"tOOKEuomei
Ol;l1 ~U011, O"t11v KUP11. Mnopci opcu<; va eiVQl Kal ano aliI}
£AAJ}vIKi} nOA!), Ji axopa KQl ano ."t11V Avo"toAuu} EAAUOO, on(i)C;
"toa01 mOl AeB11-CCC;. 'EvoC; ypUrro<; anD evov <lllov "te"tOlov AcBJ}"to
Bpe811Kc mov AeiY11Po, KOv-.;Q. ml1v Av~ep.231 MCl;ocpepopomc e"tm
OKOPO OU"tlKo"tcpa, oc }lIO ano "tI<; <lAACC; m80vec; oooue; "tou
Kooonepou ono "t11 MaYX11 KQl "tTl Bpc"tQ.VJ1, nou npoxwpouoc
KO"tQ. PIlKo<; "tou AeiY11Pa Kill e<p"tavc a-cov Pooovo. KQ1 oU"tOUC;
touc; iOlOUC; AeB!)"tce; l1IIopolille va "touc; nOpQlWAouSJiaoupE aKOPO
paKpu"tcpa, we; "tTl ~oul'loia, onou Bpe811Kc Evae; 1;e"tOlOe; KOV"tQ.

279
or APX IOI Ei\AHNEE ETHN YIIEPIIONTI A E2AIIAQ~H TOYE

263 ~napolUol'Krl X6.AKIVTJ. uopia ano "to IKpaix6uJ\. OTJ.C; Er.6e1:iac;· YUpCil ow 600 IT.X. (Bernisches RistoI'.
Mus. 11620' {np., lleoQ -CTJ.V avaoUo-caorl wu, 64 CR.).

280
 H ITAL\IA, H L:IKEL\IA KAI H LiYL:H

264 Et..e'PuvWotclVI)
o'Piyyu lIe npoowno ano
r1t..eKtpO, Ol;epewlIEvO lIe
. "
en1xpuoa KUP'P1U, ana to
AarrepyK' yupw ato 600
II.X. (L;wutyapol1, Wlirttemb.
Landesmus' Ulp. 4.8 f:K.).

O"tT}V :El;oKxoll.11l'}, X(i)pie; tOUe; ypu-nec; l;OU <pUOlKa, aAAa 11e oaq>rl
ol'}palha Ot1') SeOl'} onou I}l;aV npooap11oopevOl. 232
IIoll.U- aVal;OAlKOl;epa ana l;0 Mov Auooua, 0"tI) VOtla reppa­
via, 1') olOonopa ellr)VlKWV aya8wv lOY £'Kl;OV aIWva OI)l1eIWve­
tal lIe alia aVatO.1.lKoe}V\'I)VlKa XaAKIVa ayyeia KUl AiYl'} aHl'}­
vaiKIl Kepa11lKI}. 'Eva a~loAoyO eUprl.lla eiva! eva onaptlal;lKO
xaoovo ayyeio (ClK. 263), tOU 600 nX. nepinou, ano "to ThpaiX­
Bull. O"tT}V E1Be"tia. 233 :EtO A.OnepyK, Kov"ta O"tT}V :Etou"tyapoT},
Bpe8T}Ke pIa l;U<PI} XUAO"ta"t "tOU npWlpou £.K"tOU aIwva nou Su­
llisel "to Mov Aaooua Ylati nepu~xel eva O"tI}plyp.a "tpinoou (on(i)e;
OtT}V ClK. 262) Ka! eAAT}VIKee; eAe<puvl;ool;elVee; ocpiyyec; pe rrpo­
ownu uno I1A£K"tpO, uno "tl'}V huAiu (ClK. 264).234 Km 0"t0 XoX­
v-coP<P, 0)(1 pUKplU ano eKei, evuc; MAOe; "tucpoe; XciAo"tu"t, IIOU
Bpe8l'}K£ l;0 1978, rr£pIAapBav£l evaV xulIuvo AeBT}"tu p.£ "tpelC;
oaKl;uAlOelo ie; AuBe<:; KUl 1\eovl;uplU o"tov wllO, Ku8we; KUl ilia
aVl;lKeipeva IIOU Se(i)pI}8l'}KUV }l£OoyelUKJ}<:;, n18uvov nUAlKl')e; KUl
£"tPOUOKIKI}C;, Ku"taOK£mle;.235 H nlO OT}llavl;lKri SeOT) rrou uva­
OKU<pl'}K£ we; l;WpU O"tl'}V onoiu p.IIopei va avayvu)plo"tOUv eA.AT}­
VlKU uVl;lKeipevu KaI £AAI)VIKrl eniopaoT} eivUl l'} OXUPrl rrOAl'}
mo XouvellnOUPYK, rrou BAenel rrpo.c; l;OV oBuBlUKO .!lou-vaBl'}, O"ta
VOl;lOOU"tlKU "tou Movuxou. 236 Eow uIIapxouv peplKu elll'}v1Ka
ayyeia "tou uO"tepou eK"tou Ulwva (8.1\. ClK. 260), "to Ol'}P.UV"tlKO­
• r . , . . . .
"tepo opwc; £lVUl O"tl 11 KU"tUOK£Ul'} "t(i)V OXUp(i)pU"tlKWV "t£lX(i)V
uU"tric; -CT}C; rr£ploooU n18uvov va £nl'}PeoO"t1')Ke KUl va npuYllu"tO­
IIOlriSllKe 11e l;l'}V £.1\Al'}VIKri npaKlIKJ1.. Tp.ri11u l;OU -ceixouc; eiVUl
Xl;lopevo p.e -coy OUVl'}81Op.evo l;OIIlKO lporro, pe UKul;epyuo-couC;
AiSoue; KUl ~uAa, aA.1\u unoPxel eva pey<i1\o l;I-U1pa IIOU eivUl Xl;l­

281