- (pushover)

..

-
(PUSHOVER) .

..
,
1985 .

. SAP2000 v.14.0.0.

1.
- , pushover,

.
(- ),
[1].
..
, ,

(FEMA 356, FEMA 440,
ATC-40).
2.
3 m
6 m. 3
.

.

1:

2.1

( ): S220 (fc= 16 MPa, Ecm= 27 GPa)

: C 16/20 (fy= 220 MPa, Es=210 GPa)

18 : , 2012
143

40x40

1216

816

50x50

(cm)

2.2

8/150

8/150

516

212
312
25x50
312

216

25x50
212
312
212

1:

2:

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144

8/200
8/200

 - (pushover)
..

3.
3.1
..
[5.7.2].

, ,
90% , 1
.
130% ,
.

,
(m-factors) 33% [2].
.
3.2
=/y<2.5.

..
150%
(5.5.1.2.). ,
15% (5.6.1).
[3].
3.3
.. (5.4.6)
. [3].
4.

d(T) 2000 <2.

:

II

q=1

1 = 1.15
2:

2000 =0.005 ( 2.8).


. :
G + 0.3Q + Ex + 0.3Ey
G + 0.3Q + Ex 0.3Ey
G + 0.3Q - Ex + 0.3Ey
18 : , 2012
145

G + 0.3Q - Ex 0.3Ey
G +
0.3Q
, .

, .
5.

, .. (5.7.3.3)
75% [3].

(sec)
X
Y
-14
0,866928239152131
0,24771350445022
7,58
10
1
3,86 10-12
0,235571355124097 0,875212654891215
2
-14
0,225111567272145
1,11 10
4,05 10-14
3
7,03 1012
3,17 10-11
0,133071043901379
4
12
6,87 10
0,124786610729687
1,08 10-10
5
3:

6.
.. F-
F
(7.1.2.2) [3].

3: F [3]

6.1
,
.
:

, ,

, .
4 [3].

18 : , 2012
146

 - (pushover)
..

6.2

.
,
(1/r)y, . ..
:

1 ,
2 Ls, 3
.
(1/r)y 2 :

y d .
, :

y
,
, ypl = um - y, :

9 . [3].
, ,
7.2.4. v ,
0.95/1.2 1.2.
9
[3].

, ,
.
.

18 : , 2012
147

(kN)
b (mm)
d (mm)
As1 (mm2)
s2 (mm2)
As

'

s
bc (mm)
hc (mm)
bi2 (mm)
d (mm)

s = Ls/h

y
(1/r)y
A
B
y
(1/r)y
My
um
umpl
y

. 40*40

-111,428
400
400
603
603
201
0,043526563
0,06909375
0,051820313
0,00376875
0,00376875
0,002667
288
288
331776
56
0,14
0,142039609
3,75
0,011959318
0,008178006
0,275572248
0,003633026
0,004996069
0,005012438
0,243055342
0,010971438
63,63406558
0,032940513
0,027043225
0,005897288

. 50*50
-
-188,557
500
500
804,5
804,5
402
0,04713925
0,0663575
0,0442475
0,003218
0,003218
0,002667
388
388
602176
56
0,112
0,183653948
3
0,011472309
0,007900773
0,272510221
0,00287561
0,003931113
0,004472464
0,234944904
0,009080143
113,3801888
0,029687055
0,024142347
0,005544707

. 40*40
-
-384,05
400
400
603
603
201
0,150019531
0,06909375
0,051820313
0,00376875
0,00376875
0,002667
288
288
331776
56
0,14
0,142039609
3,75
0,019704261
0,015922949
0,367478748
0,004012349
-0,004295413
0,005012438
0,314615983
0,008475941
94,06336442
0,03018396
0,024303683
0,005880277

. 50*50
-244,234
500
500
804,5
804,5
402
0,0610585
0,0663575
0,0442475
0,003218
0,003218
0,002667
388
388
602176
56
0,112
0,183653948
3
0,012484618
0,008913082
0,287694217
0,002908009
0,002716662
0,004472464
0,243468577
0,008762253
119,0238672
0,030410097
0,024667665
0,005742432

4:

SAP2000 : Define>Section Properties>Hinge

Properties

4:
18 : , 2012
148

 - (pushover)
..

(PM2-M3) (3) .
, ,

XTRACT section designer SAP2000.
ACI 318-02.

5: -

6: - Section Designer

18 : , 2012
149

7: -

6.3

,
, . ,
,
7. .. [3]:

6.4
VR , VMy=My/Ls
, , . VR ,
. ,

[3].
6.5
V
.
[5.7.3.3]:
3.


,

1.



.

2.


1
(

).

.1
,

.

.2

.

5: [2]
18 : , 2012
150

 - (pushover)
..

,
1 .
SAP2000
. Nonlinear Continue from State at End of Nonlinear Case
load case ,

.

8:

9: ,
1=0.25021 sec yy
T2=0.23732 sec xx

. .

18 : , 2012
151

10:

..

[3].

t 0.0309 0.0326m.
6.6

.

11:

12:
18 : , 2012
152

 - (pushover)
..

.

. ,

.
,
AutoCad area.

13:
18 : , 2012
153

14:

,
, .
18 : , 2012
154

 - (pushover)
..

7.

. ,

. ,
(push-over)
.
7.1
,

[4].
,
,
200C [1].
:
:

tf .

100x100x25mm. ,
, ,
.
.

18 : , 2012
155

15:

8.
section designer SAP2000
.
, , .
,
.
,
.

.
30%
. ,
, .

16: Section Designer

18 : , 2012
156

 - (pushover)
..

9.

,
.

. , ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
(pushover)
.
, pushover
,
[2].
, . ,

. EC-8
.


pushover [5].

. , ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
10.
[1] ., ,
, . 338, 2006
[2] ., ., .,
/, 16
( 21-23, 2009), /, , 2009
[3] ...., , 2011
[4] ., ,
, 2011
[5] Yang P., Wang Y., A Study on Improvement of Pushover Analysis, 12WCEE, 2000
[6] Computers and Structures, Inc., SAP2000: Linear and Nonlinear Static and Dynamic
Analysis and Design of Three-Dimensional Structures, Berkeley, California, 2006

18 : , 2012
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18 : , 2012
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