Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

1

HNG DN S DNG SPSS
CHO NGI MI BT U

I/ Gii thiu v SPSS

SPSS (vit tt ca Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) l mt chng trnh
my tnh phc v cng tc phn tch thng k. SPSS c s dng rng ri trong cng
tc thng k kinh t - x hi.
Th h u tin ca SPSS c a ra t nm 1968 v mi nht l th h 18 c gii
thiu t thng 8 nm 2009, c c phin bn cho cc h iu hnh Windows, Mac, v
Linux / Unix.
SPSS c s dng bi cc nh nghin cu th trng, nghin cu y khoa, cng ty
iu tra, chnh ph, cc nh nghin cu gio dc v nhng lnh vc khc. Mt s phn
mm c chc nng thng k khc nh Microsoft Office Excel, STATA, SAS,
Eviews

Cc chc nng c bn:
* Thng k m t (Descriptive statistics): tn s (Frequencies), cc loi bng s liu
tng hp (Cross tabulation, Explore, Descriptive Ratio Statistics)
* Thng k 2 bin s (Bivariate statistics): trung bnh (Means), T-test, ANOVA,
tng quan (bivariate, partial, distances), kim nh phi tham s (Nonparametric tests)
* D bo (Prediction): hi quy (regression), phn tch nhn t (Factor analysis),
cluster analysis (two-step, K-means, hierarchical), bit thc (Discriminant).

u im: d s dng, h tr thao tc thng qua menu ko th v cu lnh, cc bng
biu, bo co c trnh by p, linh hot.
Tp tin nhp liu SPSS c ui m rng .sav, tp tin bng biu cha kt qu c ui
m rng .spv.

Lu khi ci t SPSS i vi bn PASW Statistics 18 (crack)
1) Run Setup/setup.exe
2) Single user license
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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3) Enter no serial number and install

4) In the end uncheck "Register with spss.com"
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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5) Close License Authorization Wizard

6) Copy content of EQX to install dir
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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Choose Yes to replace files
7) Run


II/ Thang o, thu thp v m ha d liu
1. Thang o
D liu nghin cu c th phn chia thnh 2 loi chnh l d liu nh tnh v d
liu nh lng.
Cc d liu ny c thu thp bng 4 thang o c bn c th hin trn s
nh sau:

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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D liu nh tnh: loi d liu ny phn nh tnh cht, s hn km, ta khng tnh
c tr trung bnh ca d liu dng nh tnh.
D liu nh lng: loi d liu ny phn nh mc , mc hn km, tnh
c tr trung bnh.
Cn ch rng cc php ton thng k dng cho d liu nh tnh c nhng c
im khc vi php ton dng cho d liu nh lng.

i) Thang o danh ngha (cn gi l thang o nh danh hoc thang o phn
loi) nominal scale: trong thang o ny cc con s ch dng phn loi
cc i tng, khng mang ngha no khc. Nhng php ton thng k
bn c th s dng c cho dng thang o danh ngha l: m, tnh tn
sut ca mt biu hin no , xc nh gi tr mode, thc hin mt s
php kim nh.
ii) Thang o th bc ordinal scale: lc ny cc con s thang o danh ngha
c sp xp theo mt quy c no v th bc hay s hn km, nhng
ta khng bit c khong cch gia chng. iu ny c ngha l bt c
thang o th bc no cng l thang o danh ngha nhng r rng bn
khng th suy ngc li c.
iii) Thang o khong interval scale: l mt dng c bit ca thang o th
bc v n cho bit c khong cch gia cc th bc. Thng thng
thang o khong c dng l mt dy cc ch s lin tc v u n t 1
n 5, hay t 1 n 10
Nhng php ton thng k c th s dng thm cho loi thang o ny so
vi 2 loi thang o trc l: tnh khong bin thin, s trung bnh, lch
chun Cn ch l thang o khong t n khng c im 0 c xc
nh trc, do bn ch c th thc hin c php tnh cng tr ch
php chia khng c ngha.
iv) Thang o t l - ratio scale: thang o t l c tt c cc c tnh khong
cch v th t ca thang o khong, ngoi ra im 0 trong thang o
khong l mt tr s tht nn ta c th thc hin c php ton chia
tnh t l nhm mc ich so snh.
Ni chung vi cc bin thu thp bng thang o khong v thang o t l ta c th
o lng xu hng trung tm bng trung bnh s hc. Cn xu hng phn tn o
bng lch chun, phng sai (khong v t trung v t c s dng n do
D liu
D liu nh tnh D liu nh lng
Thang o danh ngha Thang o th bc Thang o khong cch Thang o t l
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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km hu ch hn). V vy, SPSS gp chung hai loi thang o ny thnh mt gi l
Scale Measures.
2. Thu thp d liu
* Cc phng php thu thp s liu
a. Phng vn trc tip (Face to face interview)
- Phng vn ti nh (Door to door interview)
- Phng vn ti mt a im c th (Central location interview)
- Phng vn chng (Mall Intercept interview)
b. Phng vn qua in thoi
c. Phng vn qua th
d. Phng vn qua internet
e. Quan st (Observation)

* Dng cu hi
a. Cu hi m
b. Cu hi ng
- Cu hi phn i (Dichotomous)
Anh/ch c s dng in thoi di ng khng?
1. C 2. Khng
- Cu hi lit k mt la chn (Single response)
Trong s cc nhn hiu nc ngt c gaz di y bn s dng thng xuyn
nht nhn hiu no?
Coca-Cola 1
Pepsi-Cola 2
7-Up 3
Fanta 4
- Cu hi lit k nhiu la chn (Multiple responses)
Bn tng ving thm a im no trong cc thnh ph di y nc
Lo?
Ving Chn 1
Luang Prabang 2
Luang Namtha 3
Savanakhet 4
- Cu hi sp hng (Ranking)
Trong cc yu t sau y anh/ch hy cho bit mc quan trng nht, nh, ba
trong vic la chn mua mt my in thoi?
Cht lng bt sng ______
Kiu dng thi trang ______
______
Ngun gc xut x ______
- Cu hi phn mc (Scale)
Theo bn, trong nhng cu ni sau y cu no m t ng nht v mu sc
ca bao b sn phm ny?
Qu ti 1
Hi ti 2
Va 3
Hi sng 4
Qu sng 5
- Cu hi chm im.
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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Hy cho im cc sn phm sau t 1 n 10 im theo mc a thch ca
bn
im
Nhn hiu A ____
Nhn hiu B ____
Nhn hiu C ____
Nhn hiu D ____
* Lu : Thng thng, i vi bin Ordinal, ta c th nh dng thnh Scale.
3. M ha d liu
V d:


Nguyn tc l chng ta cn chuyn cc thng tin t dng ch sang dng s
tin hnh nhp liu vo SPSS.
4. X l d liu
Quy trnh x l d liu
- Bc 1: kim tra, hiu chnh bng cu hi
- Bc 2: m ha d liu trn bng cu hi
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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- Bc 3: nhp d liu vo my tnh
- Bc 4: lm sch d liu trn my tnh


III/ Khai bo bin v nhp liu trong SPSS
1. Giao din



1- Thanh menu chc nng
2- Biu tng mt s chc nng thng dng
3- Ct hin th tn cc bin
4- S th t cc dng
5- Data View (ca s nhp liu v th hin d liu), Variable View (ca s khai bo
bin)

2. Khai bo bin
Bng phng vn n gin

1. Loi in thoi di ng m bn s dng chnh?
Nokia
Samsung
Motorola
Khc
2. Mc hi lng chung ca bn khi s dng loi in thoi trn?
Rt khng hi lng 1 2 3 4 5 Rt hi lng
3. Chi tiu trung bnh mt thng cho vic gi in thoi di ng .ngn
4. Bn theo di thng tin v cc loi in thoi mi nh th no?
Khng bao gi t khi Thnh thong Thng xuyn
5. Bn thng s dng tnh nng no
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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Nghe - gi Tin nhn Nghe nhc Quay phim, chp hnh Games Khc
6. Gii tnh: Nam N


Khai bo bin


i) Name: tn bin, k t lin tc, khng c khong trng
ii) Type: kiu d liu, s (numeric), ch (string)
iii) Width: rng kiu d liu, nu type l string th width l s k t
ti a
iv) Decimals: lng s thp phn
v) Label: nhn bin (ch thch cho tn bin)
vi) Values: gi tr m ha d liu
vii) Missing: khai bo gi tr khuyt
viii) Columns: rng ct tn bin
ix) Align: v tr d liu nhp trong ct
x) Measure: loi thang o ca d liu, Ordinary (thang o th bc),
Nominal (thang o danh ngha), Scale (gm c Interval v Ratio).
xi) Role: vai tr ca bin

Nhp liu
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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* Lu : c th dng chc nng Copy/Paste sao chp d liu t chng trnh Excel
sang SPSS. Ngoi ra, SPSS cng c th import d liu t file .xls c sn bng cch
vo File > Open > Data> Chn tp tin ui *.xls.
3. Mt s x l trn bin
M ha li bin (Recode)
Vo Transform > Recode into Same Variables hoc Recode into Different
Variables



Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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1- Chn bin cn m ha v a sang vng la chn
2- Chuyn gi tr c sang gi tr mi
3- iu kin lc gi tr (nu c)



Cng c tnh ton gia cc bin (Compute)
Transform > Compute Variable c s dng tnh ton cc gi tr mi t cc
bin c sn trong tp d liu, kt qu tnh ton thng cha trong mt bin mi
hoc chng ln mt bin khc sn c ty vo thao tc ca bn.

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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1- t tn bin mi
2- Vng tnh ton

IV/ Phn tch d liu
1. Thng k m t
a. Thng k m t (Descriptive Statistics): s dng bng biu, biu - th
tm tt, din t d liu nghin cu.
To bng tn s


T thanh Menu chn
Analyze
Descriptive Statistics
Frequencies

Hp thoi Frequencies xut hin,
Chn cc bin cn tnh v a vo
khung Variable(s)
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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* C th copy bng tn s sang word hoc xut kt qu sang file word/excel.

To bng thng k m t
Cch 1.



Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
chi tieu trung binh mot
thang cho viec goi dien
thoai (ngan dong)
92 120.00 410.00 246.6304 92.77501
Valid N (listwise) 92

Ca s
hin th
kt qu
(ui .spo)
Cy th
mc bng
biu
Vng hin
th Bng
tn s
T thanh Menu chn
Analyze
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptives

Hp thoi Descriptive xut hin,
Chn cc bin cn tnh v a
vo khung Variable(s)

Nhp nt Option nu mun tnh
thm cc thng k khc
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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Cch 2.
Bn cng c th tnh thng k m t bng cch Chn Analyze\ Descriptive
Statistics\ Frequencies
- a bin nh lng cn tnh thng k m t vo khung Variable(s)
- Nhp Statistics v nh du chn cc ch tiu cn tnh





bng cho (phn tch hai bin): bng Crosstabs
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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loai dien thoai di dong ma ban su dung chinh * gioi tinh Crosstabulation
Count
gioi tinh

Nu Nam
Total
Nokia 0 25 25
Samsung 22 6 28
Motorola 27 0 27
loai dien thoai di dong ma
ban su dung chinh
khac 6 6 12
Total 55 37 92


loai dien thoai di dong ma ban su dung chinh * gioi tinh Crosstabulation
% within loai dien thoai di dong ma ban su dung chinh
gioi tinh

Nu Nam
Total
Nokia

100.0% 100.0%
Samsung 78.6% 21.4% 100.0%
Motorola 100.0%

100.0%
loai dien thoai di dong ma
ban su dung chinh
khac 50.0% 50.0% 100.0%
Total 59.8% 40.2% 100.0%
T thanh Menu chn
Analyze
Descriptive Statistics
Crosstabs

Hp thoi Crosstabs xut hin,
Chn cc bin cn tnh a vo
khung Row(s) v Column(s)

Nhp nt Cells nu mun tnh
theo n v phn trm. La chn
Display clustered bar charts
nu mun c thm th dng
ct
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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* Lu : bin c nhiu thuc tnh nn a vo khung Column(s).

Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca 1 bin nh lng phn theo 1 bin nh tnh



T thanh Menu chn
Analyze
Compare Means
Means

a bin nh lng vo
Dependent list

a bin nh tnh vo
Independent List
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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Report
muc do hai long
loai dien thoai di dong ma
ban su dung chinh Mean N Std. Deviation
Nokia 3.92 25 1.187
Samsung 2.18 28 .476
Motorola 1.00 27 .000
khac 2.50 12 .905
dimension1
Total 2.35 92 1.330


Bng tn s cho cu hi nhiu la chn
i vi bin nhiu tr li: trc khi bng ta phi tin hnh nhm cc bin cha
ng cc gi tr tr li c c (multiple responses).

Bc 1. Khai bo cho bin nhiu la chn


T thanh Menu chn
Analyze
Multiple Response
Define Variable Sets

a cc bin m t cc
thuc tnh ca bin
nh tnh vo
Variables in Set

Chn Dichotomies nu
cu hi nhiu la chn
c nhp theo cch
ny, nhp gi tr 1 vo
Counted value (nu 1
l c chn)

Khai bo Name cho
bin, bm Add
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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Bc 2. To bng tn s cho bin nhiu la chn



Case Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
$tinhnang
a
92 98.9% 1 1.1% 93 100.0%
a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.


$tinhnang Frequencies
Responses

N Percent
Percent of
Cases
nghe _ goi 59 22.3% 64.1%
tin nhan 56 21.2% 60.9%
nghe nhac 64 24.2% 69.6%
quay phim, chup hinh 43 16.3% 46.7%
games 37 14.0% 40.2%
tinh nang thuong su dung
a

khac 5 1.9% 5.4%
Total 264 100.0% 287.0%
a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

bng cho i vi bin nhiu cu tr li
T thanh Menu chn
Analyze
Multiple Response
Frequencies

Chn bin c khai bo v a
vo khung Table(s) for


Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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$tinhnang*gioi Crosstabulation
gioi tinh

Nu Nam
Total
nghe _ goi Count 34 25 59
tin nhan Count 37 19 56
nghe nhac Count 43 21 64
quay phim, chup hinh Count 25 18 43
games Count 1 36 37
tinh nang thuong su dung
a

khac Count 3 2 5
Total Count 55 37 92
Percentages and totals are based on respondents.
a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

* Lu : SPSS cn h tr x l i vi bin c nhiu cu tr li trong menu Analyze
> Tables > Multiple Response Sets. Th tc khi to tng t nh trn. Mc d
bn khi to bin c nhiu cu tr li bng cch ny th chc nng Multiple
Response Frequencies v Crosstabs trn khng th s dng c, thay vo
Analyze > Tables > Custom Tables s h tr v n c xem nh mt variable.

b. M t d liu bng th
th Bar dng th hin thng tin nh trung bnh, trung v, tn s tch ly, tn sut
tch ly, s quan st ca bin. N c s dng cho cc d liu thu thp bng cc
thc o nh danh, th t, khong cch hoc t l vi t gi tr ri rc.

T thanh Menu chn
Analyze
Multiple Response
Crosstabs

Chn bin nhiu cu tr li
a vo khung Row(s), bin
phn loi a vo khung
Column(s), ch khai bo
Define Ranges cho bin phn
loi.


Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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to th bn vo menu Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Bar. Ngoi ra cn nhiu
dng th khc m bn c th la chn, khm ph.



Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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hiu chnh th v cc bng biu chng ta c th nhp p chut trn vng
th, mt ca s Editor s m ra cho php bn thao tc chnh sa, la chn mu sc,
kch thc
Nu bn mun t mnh xy dng dng th t mu c sn th c th s dng chc
nng Graphs > Chart Builder

* Lu : bn c th v th trong phn to bng tn s (Frequencies) vi nt
Charts.

2. Thng k suy din
* Thng k suy din (Statistical Inference): s dng cc thng s ca mu c
lng v kim nghim cc gi thuyt v tng th.
Phng php: dng cc phng php kim nh thng k kim nghim cc gi
thuyt v tng th.
- Kim nh cc mi quan h - tng quan c ngha gia cc bin kho st.
- Kim nghim s khc bit c ngha gia cc gi tr trung bnh.

+ Kim nh trung bnh tng th
Bi ton
Quy trnh kim nh
B1: at hai gia thiet H
0
va H
1
H
0
: Gia thiet ung = 0
H
1
: <> 0:
Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u
B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut
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Gia thiet sai
B2: Tm mc y ngha cua tong the mau (.sig)
B3: tm mien bac bo H
0
()
B4: Ra quyet nh H
0
neu sig > va ngc lai

H s ngha (P-value hay Significant level)
Thao tc
+ Kim nh trung bnh hai tng th
Bi ton
Kim nh trung bnh hai mu c lp (1 bin nh lng, 1 bin nh tnh)
Thao tc
Quy trnh kiem nh:
1. B1: Kiem nh phng sai chon hng kiem
nh (Levenes test).
2. B2: Kiem nh gia thiet ca bi ton
Kt qu

Kim nh 2 mu c lp

Kim nh ANOVA

V/ Ph lc

Mt s video trc tuyn v SPSS ti youtube.com
1) Introduction to SPSS (part I - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msI7xf0tInE, part
II - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3D35wMGs_Q )

Ti liu tham kho
1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPSS
2)
http://www.diendantoanhoc.net/vmf/index.php?option=com_ccboard&view=postlist
&forum=17&topic=66&Itemid=474
3) Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi SPSS, Hong Trng, Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc,
NXB Thng k 2005.
4) X l data vi SPSS, Nguyn Duy Tm.
V cc ti nguyn trc tuyn khc