,

, , *

, ,

.1
.2
.3
.4

.5

.1

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:

, , 1.
,
" : , " .
,

2. ,

1
2

:"
- "
, ; "
-; ' " ,
.
: ) 111 .(1998 ,
:
.(2013) 428 , 556 ,

 "

, ,

.

4. ,
, ) ( 5,
.
" "
" " . )
3

4
5

, ,
. .
, .
, . :
, .(2014) 54
)( , .
, ,' .430428 : " "
) 171 ,''( . ) ,' (429 "
" . " :20
] [ " ,
, .
, ,' ,431
.
) ( .
, , ,
, ' . ,' " :434
, ,
, ,
, ".
, ,' .428
. Harry Elmer Barnes, The Historical Origin of the Prison System in :
) .America, 12 J. AM. INST. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 35 (1921 , ,
, .
.
, , , .
,
. ,
. ,Ryan J. :
Huschka, Comment: Sorry for the Jackass Sentence: A Critical Analysis of the
Constitutionality of Contemporary Shaming Punishments, 54 KAN . L. REV. 803, 806

) .(2006 :

Scott E. Sanders, Scarlet Letters, Bilboes and Cable TV: Are Shame

Punishments Cruel and Outdated or Are They a Viable Option for American
Jurisprudence?, 37 WASHBURN L. J. 359, 361 (1998); Toni M. Massaro, Shame,

).Culture, and American Criminal Law, 89 MICH. L. REV. 1880, 19131914 (1991

 "

" " , , , (
.
, 6.
) ,(Bridewell , . ,
. ,
7.
, ,
.
8.
" " ,
.
,
, 9.

, . ' 10,
11 ' ' 12.
6

, , :
, ) 211 209
.(2009 , : , " ,1' .116115
, , , ,' .210
, , .
. ,Barnes :
" . 5
, , , ,' .211 : , " ,1' .116

Dirk Van Zyl Smit & Sonja Snacken PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN P RISON LAW AND

10

11

) ;POLICY: PENOLOGY AND HUMAN RIGHTS 12 (2009 , , , ,

' ;211 210 ,.
' .
, .
: ,
,
, . ,
, .
. : ,PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN PRISON ,' ;2
,Barnes " ,5' ;4542 , , , " ,6' 215
.216 : , " ,1' .117116
,
. .
, .

 , ,

"

13. , ,
.
:
,
.
. ,
, 14.
:
) (Pennsylvania ) .(Auburn
.
: ,
,
. :
15.

.
. ,

12

13

: , ,' .118117
' ' ,
.
, .
'
.' ,
"" : , .
. ,
.
, .
,
. : , , , " ,6'
.215213 : , ,' .117
, , , ,' ;218216 , ,' .118

14

James Q. Whitman, What is Wrong with Inflicting Shame Sanctions?, 107 YALE L. J.

15

) .1055, 10701071 (1998 , .:

,Massaro " ,5' .1929
,PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN PRISON : " ,9' ,Barnes ;2 " ,5'
;5850 , , , '' ,6' ;221218 , '' ,1'
.120119

 "

-.

.
,
17.
: ; ;
;
18.
- ,
,
' 19 20.
21. ) (,
" ,1954 - 22, .
1954 ) ( ]
[ ," 23, 1970- ,",1977-
41 . 51 24.

25.
;
26. " " ,1968
27.
16

16

, , , ,' .223221

17

);Stephen P. Garvey, Freeing Prisoners' Labor, 50 STAN. L. REV. 339, 339370 (1998
, , , ,' .225224
, , , . , :,Garvey ,
' .398370
' 35 ,24 23 '.1859 ,
' )37( 42 ,40 ,39 , 47- .1936 ,
' 11 ,".1948-
' 3 ,2 9- 16 ) ( ,".1954-
' 147 ) ( ] [ ,".1970-
' 4841 ," ,1977- ' 5149
".

" " ) 311
.(2009 ,
,' .322
,' .327

18

19
20
21
22
23
24

25

26
27

 , ,

"

, ,
. 1958

28.
1979 " "
. )
( ,
29.
,
30.
. 31.
,
32.
,
33. , ,
34. ,
28

29

30

31
32
33

34

,' .329323 ,
: ,' .346342
, :''
).(1981
,' " :8 ] [...
, . ,
, , ,
. - , ,
- , -
".
, , , " ,6' ;244243 , " ,25' .329
,.
,' ;353 352 ,336331 , , , " ,6' ;245 244
"
) .(2013 ,
" " .
, : " "
.(2007) 120119
, , , ,' .248 247
, : , ,' .352350' 48 ,
. :' 2725 ] [ ," ;1971-' 16 13
,".1978-

 "

.

35.

.2

, , ,
.
36. 37,
,
38.

39.
)' ,(28" 40,2004 - , ,
. ,
, ] [,
" 1971- ,
8- : .
41:

35

, , , ,' ;247 , ,' .352

Mindy Tarlow & Marta Nelson, The Time is Now: Immediate Work for :
People Coming Home from Prison as a Strategy to Reduce Their Reincarceration and
Restore Their Place in the Community, 20 F ED . S ENT . R. 138 (2007); Jeffrey Fagan

).and Richard B. Freeman, Crime and Work, 25 CRIME & JUST. 225, 236245 (1999
36

Developments in the Law: The Law of Prisons: III. A Tale of Two Systems: Cost,
Quality, and Accountability in Private Prisons, 115 HARV . L. R EV . 1838, 18681872

37

38

39

40
41

).(2002); Richard Harding, Private Prisons, 28 CRIME & JUST. 265 (2001
:
).(2005
,Harding " ,36' .275 273 : " )
" 2605/05 ' (" ;(2010) 1
" : "
.(2011) 378373 ,327
" 2605/05 )"( ' ,
- ) (2009) 2405 (4)2009 : " "(.
)' ,(28".2004-
, " ,38' .334332
Sharon Dolovich, State Punishment and Private Prisons, 55 DUKE L. J. 437

 , ,

)(1

)(2

)(3

)(4

)(5

42
43
44
45

46
47

"

, .
,

42.

.

, ,
, 43.
,
, .
, 44.


.
, .
, , 45.

,
.
, 46.
)' (28 ,
,
47.

.
,
, " ,39' 2523 .
,' 26 ,' 28 '.
,' 1411 '.
,' 36 ,3029 ,' 5 ,'
26 ,1716 ' ,' 18 17 .
,' 26 ,' 18 ,1614 '.
,' 4341 ,' 6 ,' 21
'.

 "

.
48.
)' ,(28
49.
50.
, , ,
, ,
, , 51.


) (? ,- ,
52.

48
49

50

51
52

,' 3938 ,' 5 .

, : ,
' , , , ,' .
: , " ;38 , " ;38
" , ' ' ,
" ;(2012) 595 " : ,
" - " ;(2013) 747
" , -
-" ;(2010) 145 " "
: ;(2010) 13 " :
" ;(2004) 5 ,82
" : " " ).(2005
, ,' .98
, " ,39' 11 " :
, , : .
, , ,
. ,
,
. , , ,
, ] [...
- . ,
,
, . , ,
. , , ".

 , ,

.3

"

, ,
53. ,
, 54.
55.
, " "

.
56. ,
53

,
, : 2245/06" ' ,-
.(2006) 3564 (2)2006

54

Development in Law: Alternatives to Incarceration 111 HARV. L. REV . 1863, 1967,

) .1971, 1975 (1998 :" ) '( 1944-12-09 ' ,-

,12021 (3)2011' 5 ) ;(2011" 779/08 '
, - ,1 (2)2009' 11 ' ) ;(2009" 2824/05
' , - ,4395 (1)2006' 8 '
) ;(2006" 4538/08 ' , - ,3550 (3)2008' 9
' ) ;(2008" ) "( 70959/08 ' . . ,
,1996 - ,11690 (2)2009' 11 );(2009
" 10571/07 ' , - ,1796 (1)2008' 10 6
' ) ;(2008" ) '( 34781-02-10 ' ,
, " " ) ;(4.7.2010 ," ) -(
3813/99 ' ," ")) (2000) 259 ,241 (3" : "(.

, :" ) -( 1536/04 ' ,"
") ;(2004) 825 ,817 (3 ,' .255 ,
Chad Flanders, Essay: Shame and the Meanings of Punishment, 54 CLEV . ST . L. :
) .REV. 609, 611617 (2006
,Michael E. Smith, Designing and Implementing Noncustodial Penal :
Sanctions: What Purposes Will Real Alternatives Serve?, 4 FED. SENT .G . REP. 27
55

).(1991
,Development in Law: Alternatives to Incarceration ,' ,1975 :

Todd R.

Clear & James Austin, Reducing Mass Incarceration: Implications of the Iron Law of

56

10

) .Prison Populations, 3 HARV. L. & POL'Y REV. 303, 313 (2009

, :" 1163/98 ' ," ) .(2001) 817 (4 :
, " ,25' .352350
" " ) 237236 ,235
.(2009 ,

 "

57. , ,
58.
59.
,
60.
61,
62.
63.

.
-
64.

57

, : ,Development in Law: Alternatives to Incarceration ,' ;1885 1875

.1990 1984 : ,Clear & Austin ,' Herbert J. Hoelter, Sentencing ;312 , 307
) ,Alternatives Back to the Future, 22 FED. SENT. REP. 53 (2009 .95
, :Development in Law: Alternatives to ,
,Incarceration' ;1983 1981 ,1898 1894 ,Hoelter , II Clear & ;V
,Austin ,' . 322 315 ,Dan Markel, :
Wrong Turns on the Road to Alternative Sanctions: Reflections on the Future of

58

59
60

61

62
63
64

) .Shaming Punishments and Restorative Justice, 85 TEX. L. REV. 1385 (2007

, : "
" ) 305 , - ,
.(2011 , , : , " ,1'
.143
,Development in Law: Alternatives to Incarceration ,' .1876
, : ,Clear & Austin ,' 309
.311 . : ,' .319316
,Development in Law: Alternatives to Incarceration ,' .18941892
" :
" ) (2013) 413" : ' '"(.
,
, : "
" ,39' 80 ).(1993
" " ) (1996) 238 ,227" :
' '"(.
" " .(19811980) 308
" " , " .61
,' .239 , : , " ,1' ;143"
,2013 '' ,33' .2928 :' )8(

11

 , ,

"

65
.
, )38(
.
)38( " , , ,,
, ][" . ,
)38( . , ) ( ,"1954-
) 66(38 ) ( ,"-
,1964 21
.
, )
( , ,
) ( ,
. , ) (,
,
. . 23
," 1981 -
, : )38(
67. "

65

66

67

12

,
) ,(1997' ,25" : ,
" .

) ' ,(113" ,2012-" ,102 )" : .("113
. :' (2)152 (2)153-Criminal -
Justice Act 2003 . . :' 816-
Sentencing Act 2002 --; ' ) 718.2(d Criminal Code - .
" " ) (parsimony
.
1970 ) ( ] [ ," ,1970-'
4 :
)( , , .3
)( , , , ,
)( , , .
1977 ' 38 .1970
23 " " " :
, ;

 "

" 68. ,
,
69.

: ; 70 ; 71
72
73.

.4

41 , " " , :
" ,
"
41 .
" " " " 74
. ""
, ,
)11( - : 75. 1992
24- , .
, ,

68
69
70
71

72
73
74

75

".
" ) "( 2564/07 ' , - .(2009) 1848 (2)2009
:" 175/05 ' ) .(23.6.2006 ,
, " ,1' .142
" 698/07 ' , - ,4872 (2)2007' ) (1
).(2007
; , " .69
, .
: , ' )300() (2
, ' )373( .
, :
) 1067 1057 .(2005 ,

13

 , ,

"

76.

77.
41 ,
" " , ,
. ,
" "
" ".
41
, . 78
41 ,
,"-
79.1949 ,
80. 2
. 4
:
"
,
" . ) ( ," ,1954-
76

77

78
79

80

14

,' .1062
, . :"
849/00 ' ," ) .(2002) 571 (5
,24 -
" : , ,
. ' '
24- . , " , ,' , 574
. ,
.
' 30 ,2930- - ," ,2001-
.
" 7501/06 ' , - .(2007) 4474 (4)2007
," ,1949-" ) 159" :
"(.
, -
16 1954 ) ( ," .1954-
)
," ,(1950- .

 "

,
4 . 2
) ( , 81.
2 ) ( ,
41 . , ," :
,
, ,
, ,

" 82. " "
" " , " "
" " . 41
:
" -
,
) : (;
" 83 -
-; , ' '
, ' ' ; :
' ' ,' : ' ] [...-
' '
, :
. , ;
' ' -
;
" 84.

81
82

83
84

" .22
, " ,78' 11 .
' 41 , :" " ' ' , '' ' '
) " "(530/90 .(1994) 516514 ,507
.1936 ,
" 4379/02 ' , - ,649 (1)2006' 17
) .(2006 :' )35( ," :
, ".

15

 , ,

"

85 41
. , ,
)300( , )25( ) , (,
" 86,1971 - 41 , -
20 . .
,41 :
" 41 , -
'' , , 300
. 300
) ,
( " 87.
:
" , , )25(
41
, : )300(
)25( .
, )25( "
)300( " .
, ,

, . , 25
,
. 25
,300
, " 88.

85
86

87
88

16

" 530/90 ' ," )) (1992) 648 (3" : "(.

) , ( ," ,1971-" ) 134" : "( .' )25(
" : , ,
, ".
, " ,85' .652
,' .653

 "

, )25( ) , (
. , ,

, 20
. ""
"":
" ,

" 89.
:
" : - ,
, ,
" 90.
,
,
92.

91

89
90
91

92

,' .654
,' .655
, " ,82' " :520 ,
".
:" 1583/91 ' ," ) ;(1992) 94 (5" 9917/91 '
," ) ;(2004) 738 (6" 4379/02/02 ' ," )196 (4
) .(2006 " 530/90 ' ,'' )(1992) 648 (3
, :" 3829/99 ' ,"
) .(2000) 289 (2 , " .85 :" 6619/93 '
," ) .(1999) 170 (4
. ,
.
,
. ,
) :' )15( )14-( (
. ,
, " 85
. ,
, ' 41 .

17

 , ,

"

93
)-( 941945 , .

41 . 58
)-( , " " .
41 ) ( ,
.58 41
) (
,
"" 95.

.
.

42 , " " , :
" ,
".
.
, "
" ) ( 96. 42
" " 97.
, :
" ,
,

93
94

95
96
97

18

' .41
, " .78
" ' ,1442 ,27.9.1945' ,2' )( ) ,855( ,1055' ) 1195( )" :
"(.
,' .1813 , ,' 9997 .
" ) 45"(.
.

 "

,
, ".
,
,
,
.
.
""
98.
,
, 99.
.

4443
. 43 ,
" " , :
" ,
;
, ".
98

99

) ( , :
, ) 5 ) (2014 ," : , "( .
, :" 401/79 ' ," ) .(1980) 46 (4 ' 20
," .1964- 20 ,
, .
) ,27 (
,
. , , 20
,
. , , ,
.
, .20 ,
, 20 ,
.
:' )61() (1 ,
.

19

 , ,

"

44 , " " , :
" ,
".
87 , " " ,
,
. :
")( ,
,
.
)( )( ,
.
)(
;
, ,
38 40 44- ,
" .1965
)( ".

, ,
.
.
, , ,
,
100.
100

20

" 13/53 ' ," ;(1953) 465 ,463" 165/05

' ,' 6 5 ' ) ;(13.1.2005 ,
" 10504/08 ' , - ,1566 (1)2009'
) .(2009
. , :" 4230/07 ' , - ( 2)2007
.(2007) 4256 , , ' 43 ,
. ,
' , ' ,
' , ' '.

 "

101. 102
" " .

,
. , -
, ,
103. 104

101

102
103

" ,
, :" 4865/04 ' ," )57 (2
) .(2005 ,
,' " :65 43
,
" . :" 542/11 ' ,-
.(2011) 1974 (1)2011 36 ,
72 )" : / "( . ,
, , 60
)" : / "( .
.
, . , 36
) ( , 132 .
, .
' )45( ,
. , " "
,
. , ,
" "
. " " ,
" ,
,
" . , ,
.
,
" " , .
, 60 .
36 , 72
, ,' . 12 9
" 10013/05 ' , - .(2006) 465 (3)2006 :" 7785/07
' , - ,(2008) 1443 (1)2008 ' 15
.
" 245/10 ' ) .(13.4.2010 ,
.

21

 , ,

"

.
,
. ,
, " " 105.
- 106.
- 107.
) (
. 44 ,4387-

. . ,
44 ) -( ,"-
,1996
108. 109.
,
110.
.
104
105
106
107

108

109

110

22

" 242/07 ' ) .(11.1.2007 ,

,' ' .
, " ,100' ;6 , " .102
, " ;101 , " .100
" 436/80 ' ," ) .(1981) 573 ,566 (2
) ( ,
.
,
.
.
' )44( ) -( ," ,1996- :
" , ,
, , ,
".
" 111/99 ' ," )) (2000) 241 (2" : "( .
, :" 2247/10 '
,- .(2010) 2200 (2)2010
, : " " 24/55 )( '
," " :(1955) 673
,
- ,
".

 "

, ,
111. ,
, 112.
, ,
, 113.
, ,
. ,
,
114. - ,
- :
,
.
, ,
115
116.

, 117 ,
, 118.

. ,
, .

,
.
, "
, :
111
112

113
114
115
116
117
118

: , " ,109' .261259

,' .255254 , ,
,
, . , ,
. : ,' .259255
,' 261259 .
,' .264262
' 44 ,43 87- .
, " ,109' .266265
,' .270267
,' .272270

23

 , ,

"

" 119.
, , ,
:
;120

;121

;122

;123

124.

, , ,
. ,
;
,

125.
126

.
.
.

.
.
, , ,
127.

119

120
121
122
123
124
125

126
127

24

,' .276272
, :" 4713/98 ' ," )529 (5
).(2002
, ,' .278277
,' .278
,' .280278
,' .281280
,' .282281
,' .283
, :" 10619/08 ' ,' 5
) .(17.4.2009 ,
" 816/10 ' , - .(2010) 10311 (3)2012
,' 15 '.

 "

. ,
,
, , " "
. , )(
, 128.
129.
.
130 ,
, .
,
,
) ( .
.
, .
, ) (
131. ,
, ,
132.
,
133. ,
, )
( , 134.
128
129

130
131
132

133
134

,' 2919 '.

,
, ,
. , :" 3751/11
' ,- ;(2011) 849 (4)2011" 7164/10' ' ,
- .(2010) 2780 (4)2011
" 4054/11 ' , .(2011) 1682 (2)2012
,' 16 .
,' 17 . ' , " ,129' 15
,
,
,
, .
, " ,130' 18 .
,' 19 .

25

 , ,

"

,
,
. ,
, ,
.
,
, ) (
135.
.

45 , " " , )( )-(

136:
")( ,

, , ,
.
)(
, ,
, ".
, 45 40 ,
113 137. 113 ,45 )( ,
:
" ,
, , ,
".

135

136
137

26

, " .129 :" 7593/08 ' )

.(8.2.2009 , : ' , " ,129' 16 ,

.
' )45( ".
) ' ,(113".2012-

 "

)45( ,113
, 40 :
")( ,
40)( ,
.
)(
, 40)(
,
;
,
.
)( , , ,
, ,

,
".
40
. )45( )-(,
,
, 138.
40 . )45(
; 139 40)( ,
, .
)45(

140. ,
138

139

140

: , '' ,98 ,'

,380367 " " 247
)"( . ' 40 , : "
" , '' ,60' .443
" ) '( 44146-08-11 ' ) .(27.1.2013 , :' 58
, .
" 1601/03 ' ," ) ;(2005) 959957 ,949 (5" 6535/01
' ," ) .(2003) 571 567 ,562 (3 :" 423/10 '
) ) (30.6.2010 ," : "(.

27

 , ,

"

, 141. ,
142.
" ,
,
" 143. )45(
, .
)45( 144.
,
,
, ,
145, "

141

142
143
144

145

28

, : ) ( ,",2014 -
)45(
, . ,
: "
, ] ,[113
" .

, " "
.
, " ,140' .
" 237/80 ' ," ).(1980) 576 (4
, " .140 )45( , ,
" ,85' ) 3( .
, ,' .958 :" 6952/11 ' ) ,
.(6.11.2011
.
, .

, , )45(
.
,
, , .
,
. -
.
) , (
, , .
.

 "

, ,
" 146.
)45( .
. ,
" " "
" " " ,
147. . ,
148.

149
, ,
,
)45( .

. ,
,
. ,
, ,
)45( 150.
.

, ,
151.

146

147

148

149
150
151

" 4654/03 ' ,- ,4404 (2)06' ;(2006) 25" 3503/01

' ," ).(2003) 872 ,865 (1
" 7075/03 ' , - ;(2006) 1245 (3)06" 4517/04 '
," ) ;(2005) 129 ,119 (6" 1899/04 ' ,' 5
) .(2.3.2005 ,
, . "
, , ,
,
. , '

'" . : , " ,146 .2625
, " .140
,' ,' 3 .
,' .

29

 , ,

"

.
152 .
, ,
.
, )45(
, .
.
)45( , . ,
"" , "" .
, )45( ,
. ,
:
153.
.

46 , :
" ,
,
, .58
,
,
,
".
46
.
" 154: 46
. ,
,
] [...
, ,
152
153
154

30

" 5074/06 ' ) .(15.5.2007 ,

,' 8 .
" 5798/00 ' ," ).(2001) 15 ,1 (3

 "

" .
40 ) ( ) ( 155.
46 , , -
. ,
- , .
- ,
. )71( :
"
, - ,
,
".

, ?
,
, .
) (

. , ,46
- 156. :
" , " , ,

, ,
, " 157.
:
"
,

155
156
157

" " , '' ,60' .444

' 71 , .
'' 60/83 ' ,'' )) (1983) 756 ,754 (1 " "(.

31

 "

, ,

".

158

- .
159.

160.
- ,
, ) (
," , ,
" 161. ,
71 ,
, ,
162. ,
- ,
163.
, - -
,

.
.
, , .

164. ,
. ,
, ,
,
. ,

158
159

160
161

162
163
164

32

,' .756
" 1104/11 ' , - ,3482 (1)2011'
).(2011
:" 6201/11 ' , - .(2011) 1555 (4)2011
,' . :" ) '( 2280-10-12 '
,' 14 ) .(10.10.2012
" ) '( 508/04' ' , - .(2004) 6264 (3)2004
,' 6 .
" 5957/12 ' ,' 7 ) .(27.5.13 ,

 "

165

" ,
, ,

.
.
, ,

. , '' ,
,
,
, -

,

, , , .
, , ,

. ,
- ,

".
.

47 ,
.
)47( )-( :
")( ,

165

" 29/13 ' , - ,2081 (1)2013' 8

) ;(2013" 5204/13 ' , - ,3724 (3)2013' 6
) ;(2013" 2333/07 ' , - .(2010) 343 (3)2010

33

 , ,

"

,
.
)( ,
;
,
".

. 166
- .
,
. , ,
, .

.
,- .

, .
167. 47
,
, " )(
, ,
.,

) ( ,
168.
169
170 " " . , 47 ,
.

166

167
168
169
170

34

" 481/82 ' ," ) .(1982) 614 (4 :" 613/85 '

) .(25.12.1985 ,
, ,' .615
,' .616 : , '' .165
" 669/87 ' ," ).(1988) 548 (1
" )( ) ,332( .356

 "

, .
.

171

48 , " " ,
:
")( ] [,
" ,1971 ;

.
)(
:
) (1 ;
) (2 , , .
) (3 .
)(
".

172. 48 ,
173, 1954
174.

171
172

173
174

, " ,168' .551

: - ' 19 ' ,1859 ,
' 39 ) 1936 , ,(1954
" : , ".
' 16 ) ( ,''.1954-
: , 1332
)" :(1962
" . - ,
,
, ,
] [...
, . ,
, , - ".

35

 , ,

"

175
.

.
" " )48( 176,
177.
," 1987 - 178.
,
.

. , ,
, , .
179.
,
.
, .
.
. ,
, .

, . -
180.
.
" ,
, .
, ,
, .
181.

175
176
177
178
179
180
181

36

, " .55
,' .826
,".1987-
, " ,55' .833
,' .836
,' .838837
,' .847846

 "

" " )48( ,

, .
" " .
)48(
182.
183
,
.
, 184.
)' ) (41 ( ,"-
1852011 ' ' ,
, . 186.

.5

182
183

184

185

186

,' .845843
.
.
,' .855854 , :" ) "( 2562/02
' ) ,(27.1.2003 , , ,
" ,
. , :" 2126/00 '
" ) .(14.5.2002 , ,
.
.
;
;
.
:" 147/63 ' - , ," .(1963) 2412 ,
:" ) '( 29813-05-12 '
) ;(26.6.2012 , " ) '( 50720-01-13 '
) .(30.12.2013 ,
) ' ) (41 ( ," ,2011-''
.26
, , , " ,55 : -
" : , " " 317
).(2013

37

 , ,

"

187. )
( 188. .
,
, , ,
.
.
,
.
) (

.
.
,
,
189. , ,
,
.
,

.

" ".

) 190.(restorative justice ,

. , ,
187

188

-
,1962 .
Alison Liebling & Shadd Maruna, Introducing: The Effects of :
& Imprisonment Revisited, in THE EFFECTS OF IMPRISONMENT 1 (Alison Liebling

189

190

38

).Shadd Maruna eds., 2005

)8(
, ) ,(1997' ,25 " .64
, :
) ;(2002 - " : "
.(2013) 779

 "

, .
.
,
, .

.
.

. ,
, "
" ) .(Problem Solving Courts
.

191.
,
) (,
.

.
, .

.
192.
,
.

191

192

2011
, .
," .
. ,
. ,
. " ,
" : "
) ,(2001) 261 (3 .

39