Bit Calculations

Units
Where:
Pb = Bit Pressure Drop (lbs/in
2
)
MW = Mud Weight (ppg)
Q = Flow Rate (gpm)
An = Total Nozzle Area (in
2
)
Vn = Nozzle Velocity (ft/sec)
HHPb = Horse Power at bit (hp)
HSI = Horse Power per inch (hp/in
2
)
D
b
= Bit Diameter (in)
Ab = Area of Bit (in
2
)
lfb = Impact Force at bit (lbf)
Vc = Cross Flow Velocity (ft/sec)
N = Number of Nozzles
Es = Specic Energy (psi)
= Coefcient of Friction
ROP = Rate of Penetration (ft/hr)
WOB = Weight on Bit (lbf)
T = Torque (ft-lbs)
Ah = Area of Hole (in
2
)
MSE = Mechanical Specic Energy (psi)
Cd = Nozzle discharge coefcient
Pressure Drop Across Bit (psi)
Calculated From Flow Rate, assumes Cd=1.0:
Pb =

(MW)(Q
2
)
(12,032)(An
2
)
Calculated From Velocity:
Pb =
(MW)(Vn
2
)
(1,239)
Bit Nozzle Velocity (ft/sec)
Calculated From Flow Rate:
Vn =
(0.321)
(Q

)


(An)
Calculated From Pressure Drop:
Vn =

[

(1,239

)(Pb

)
]
1/2
(MW)
Total Bit Nozzle area (in
2
)
Calculated From Bit Pressure Drop:
An =

[

(MW

)(Q
2

)
]
1/2
(12031)(Pb)
An = (An
1
+ An
2
+ ...An
x
)
Bit Hydraulic Horsepower (hp)
Hydraulic HP by Bit Nozzles:
HHPb =
(Pb

)(Q)


(1714)
Hydraulic HP per sq. in. of Bit Diameter:
HSI =
(HHPb)(1.273)


(D
b
)
2
Impact of Jet Nozzles on Hole Bottom (lbf)
Calculated From Velocity:
lfb =
(Q)(MW)(Vn)
(1930)
Calculated From Pressure Drop:
lfb = 0.0173Q [P
b
MW]
1/2
Cross Flow Velocity under the Bit (ft/sec)

Vc =

[
(108.5) (Q)(Vn)
]
1/2

(ND
b
)


Mechanical Specic Energy using (psi)
MSE =WOB
[

1
+
(13.33)()(RPM)
]
Ab (ROP)(Db)
Bit Aggressiveness/Coefcient of Friction

=

[
36(T)
]

(WOB)(Db)


Mechanical Specic Energy using Torque (psi)
MSE =
480(T)(RPM)
+

1.274(WOB)
ROP(Db
2
) (Db
2
)
Bit Torque (ft-lbs)
T =
(Db)(WOB)
36
Minimum Flow rate for PDC Bits (gpm)
GPM = 12.72D
b
1.47