TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 5102:1990
(ISO 874-1980)
RAU QU TI
LY MU
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Sampling
C quan bin son v ngh ban hnh: Trung tm Tiu chun - Cht lng
C quan trnh duyt: Tng cc Tiu chun - o lng - Cht lng
C quan xt duyt v ban hnh: y ban Khoa hc Nh nc.
Quyt nh ban hnh s 643/Q ngy thng nm 1990
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php ly mu rau qu ti dng trong thng mi quc
t xc nh cht lng hay nhng tnh cht c trng ca hng ha.
Tiu chun ny hon ton ph hp vi ISO 874-1980.
1. nh ngha
1.1. L hng giao nhn: S lng hng ha gi i hay nhn c vo cng mt thi
im v c bo m bng mt hp ng ring hay ti liu ch hng. N c th, gm
mt hay nhiu l.
1.2. L: Mt lng xc nh hng ha coi nh c cng c im ng nht (cng th,
cng chn, cng loi bao gi) c ly t l hng giao nhn v cho php nh gi
c cht lng ca l hng giao nhn.
1.3. Mu ban u: mt lng nh hng ha ly t mt v tr trong l.
Mt lot mu ban u c c xp x bng nhau phi c ly t cc v tr khc nhau trong
l.
1.4. Mu chung: Lng hng ha nhn c bng cch tp hp cc mu ban u c
ly t l ring bit v nu sn phm l thch hp th bng cch trn ln chng vi nhau.
1.5. Mu rt gn: Mt lng mu thu c bng cch lm rt gn mu chung nu cn v
l mu i din cho l.
1.6. Mu th nghim: lng hng ha ly t mu chung hay mu rt gn v dng
phn tch hay cho cc th nghim khc.
2. Quy nh chung
2.1. Ly mu c th c tin hnh kim tra thng ngy sn phm ngay ti ch hay
cho th nghim nhng c tnh ring bit ca sn phm trong phng th nghim. Trong
c hai trng hp mu phi c ly mt cch ngu nhin. Tuy nhin trong mt vi
trng hp, v d xc nh s c mt ca mt th khc hay s ln loi no , th
phi tin hnh ly mu chn lc. Khi c vic ly mu khng th tin hnh ngu nhin. V
th trc khi ly mu mc ch phi c xc nh, ngha l cc c tnh cn th nghim
phi c ch r.
2.2. Vic ly mu phi c tin hnh sao cho cc mu s cp i din cho tt c cc
c tnh ca l. Sau khi cch ly cc phn b h hng khi l (thng, ti) cc mu ring
r s c ly t cc phn nguyn lnh v cc phn b h hng.
2.3. Bin bn ly mu cn c son tho khi cng vic ly mu hon thnh. (xem
iu 5).
3. Phng php ly mu
3.1. Chun b l ly mu:
L ly mu phi c chun b sao cho cc mu c th ly d dng v khng chm
tr. Cc mu c ly do cc bn lin quan hay i din c thm quyn.
Mt l cn phi c ly mu ring bit, nhng nu l c biu hin h hng do vn
chuyn th cc phn h hng ca l (thng, ti) phi c cch ly v tin hnh ly mu
ring bit t cc phn khng b h hng. Tng t nh vy nu ngi nhn khng coi l
hng giao nhn l ng nht - thm ch nu ngi gi khng nhn thy nh vy - khi y
phi chia l hng giao nhn thnh cc l ng nht v mi l s c ly mu theo s
tha thun gia ngi bn v ngi mua, tr khi h c quyt nh khc i.
3.2. Mu ban u
Mu ban u cn phi ly ngu nhin t cc v tr khc nhau trong l.
3.2.1. Sn phm c bao gi.
Trong trng hp sn phm c bao gi (bao gi bng g, cc tng, ti) khi cc mu
s c ly ngu nhin theo nh bng 1.
Bng 1
S bao gi ly mu
S bao gi ging nhau trong l S bao gi c ly, mi bao gi l mu
ban u
n 100
101 n 300
301 n 500
501 n 1000
trn 1000
5
7
9
10
t hn 15
3.2.2. Sn phm xp thnh ng
Mi l phi ly t nht 5 mu ban u ty theo tng khi lng hay tng s b nh cho
trong bng 2.
Bng 2
C mu ban u
Khi lng ca l (kg) hay tng s b
trong l
Tng s khi lng ca mu s cp (kg)
hay tng s b c ly
n 200
201 n 500
501 n 1000
1001 n 5000
trn 5000
10
20
30
60
t nht l 100
Trong trng hp rau qu to (trn 2kg/n v sn phm th cc mu s cp s bao gm
t nht 5 n v).
3.3. Chun b mu chung hay mu rt gn
Mu chung c lp ra, nu yu cu, bng cch gp, v nu c th, bng cch trn ln
cc mu ban u. Mu rt gn, nu c yu cu, lp ra bng cch lm gim mu
chung.
Vic kho nghim ti ch c tin hnh trn mu chung hay mu rt gn v vic ny
phi c tin hnh cng nhanh cng tt sau khi ly mu trnh mt s bin i v
cc c tnh cn kho nghim.
3.4. C mu th nghim
C mu th nghim ph thuc vo cc th nghim cn phi tin hnh trong phng th
nghim, iu ny phi c ch ra trong hp ng. Lng ti thiu cho trong bng 3.
Bng 3
C mu th nghim
Sn phm C ca mu th
nghim
Qu nh, sn tra t, h o, qu ph, qu ht d, v cc loi
rau khc ngoi cc th c lit k di y
1 kg
Anh o, mn, anh o chua 2 kg
M, chui, mc cp, qu h cam qut, o, to, l, nho, qu
b, ti, c tm, c ci ng, da chut, c ci, bp ci, rau
ly c, hnh, t, c ci c chua
3 kg
B , da b, da hu, da 5 n v
Bp ci, sp l, bp ci , rau dip 10 ci
Ng ng 10 bp
Rau b 10 b
4. Bao gi v x l cc mu th nghim
4.1. Bao gi
Cc mu th nghim khng c kho nghim ti ch phi c ng gi cn thn
m bo rng chng c bo qun tt.
Thng cha cc mu th nghim phi c nim phong.
4.2. Ghi nhn
Cc mu gi i phi c ghi nhn sao cho chng khng b ln ln. Vic ghi nhn phi d
c, bn v phi bao gm cc ni dung sau:
a) Tn sn phm, loi v c th c th, ch dn v cp cht lng;
b) Tn ngi gi;
c) Ni ly mu;
d) Ngy, v i vi sn phm d h hng; thi gian ly mu;
e) Du nhn bit l v mu (s hiu phiu gi phng tin vn chuyn, ni bo qun);
f) S hiu bin bn ly mu;
g) Tn v ch k ca ngi ly mu;
h) Danh mc cc php th cn tin hnh, nu yu cu.
4.3. Gi i v bo qun
Khi lp xong mu th nghim phi c gi i cng sm cng tt ti ni nhn v cng
phi vn chuyn cng nhanh cng tt.
Vic vn chuyn v bo qun mu th nghim phi tin hnh trong cc iu kin sao cho
trnh c mi s thay i trong sn phm. V th vic kho nghim cn phi c tin
hnh cng nhanh cng tt sau khi ly mu.
5. Bin bn ly mu
Bin bn ly mu phi c nh s v km theo mu th nghim, phi gm cc ni
dung sau:
a) Tn sn phm, loi v nu cn, th v hng cht lng;
b) Ngi nhn l;
c) Ni, ngy gi v nhn;
d) Tn v a ch ngi gi;
e) Ni, thi hn v cc iu kin bo qun ca l v ch dn v phng tin vn chuyn
(loi phng tin, s hiu ca xe);
f) Ngy v thi gian yu cu cn ly mu;
g) Ngy v thi gian ly mu;
h) Cc iu kin mi trng trong lc ly mu (nhit );
i) C l hay s lng bao gi;
k) Du hiu cho php nhn bit l qua mu (loi bao b, mc ghi nhn).
m) Mc ch ly mu v ch dn thi gian gii hn gia lc ly mu v th nghim cht
lng trong cc iu kin bnh thng;
n) M t iu kin ca cc phng tin vn chuyn hay bo qun ( sch, mi l v cc
iu kin thit b, chng ma nng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn);
p) ng nht bn ngoi ca l, t l thi ng hoc cc h hng khc;
q) sch ca l;
r) Loi v cht lng bao b v cch sp xp sn phm trong bao b;
s) Nhit bn trong ca sn phm (hay nhit ca phng tin vn chuyn hay bo
qun);
t) Lng nc (hay ccbon dioxit rn) v iu kin c hc ca cc qut trong cc
phng tin vn chuyn lm lnh;
u) iu kin v cht lng ca bao gi ma ng;
v) Khi lng b ca cc bao gi trong l;
w) H v tn cc bn lin quan c mt khi ly mu;
x) S lng mu th nghim chun b;
y) H v tn ca ngi hay nhng ngi ly mu.
Bin bn cng cp n phng php p dng nu n khc vi nhng quy nh
trong tiu chun ny.