1 Category MLA AA CMS Genera| Approach 1he Modern Language AssoclaLlon (MLA) provldes a meLhod for source documenLaLlon LhaL ls used ln mosL humanlLles courses. 1he humanlLles place emphasls on auLhorshlp, so mosL MLA clLaLlon lnvolves recordlng Lhe auLhor's name ln Lhe physlcal LexL. 1he auLhor's name ls also Lhe flrsL Lo appear ln Lhe Works ClLed" page aL Lhe end of an essay. 1he mosL recenL MLA formaLLlng can be found ln Lhe sevenLh edlLlon of Lhe MLA manual. 1he Amerlcan sychologlcal AssoclaLlon (AA) provldes a meLhod for source documenLaLlon LhaL ls used ln mosL soclal sclences courses. 1he soclal sclences place emphasls on Lhe daLe a work was creaLed, so mosL AA clLaLlon lnvolves recordlng Lhe daLe of a parLlcular work ln Lhe physlcal LexL. 1he daLe ls usually placed lmmedlaLely afLer Lhe auLhor's name ln Lhe 8eferences" page aL Lhe end of an essay. 1he mosL recenL AA formaLLlng can be found ln Lhe slxLh edlLlon of Lhe AA manual. 1he Chlcago Manual of SLyle (CMS) lncludes Lwo sysLems for clLaLlon: a noLes and blbllography (n8) sysLem and an auLhor-daLe (Au) sysLem. 1he n8 sysLem ls used ln mosL hlsLory courses. PlsLory places much emphasls on source orlglns, so fooLnoLes and endnoLes are used Lo demonsLraLe on-page where a parLlcular plece of lnformaLlon came from. ln CMS, a number ls asslgned Lo a parLlcular facL ln Lhe LexL, and Lhe correlaLlng fooLnoLe or endnoLe wlll llnk Lhe source Lo Lhe LexL and Lo Lhe blbllography. 1he mosL recenL CMS formaLLlng can be found ln Lhe slxLeenLh edlLlon of Lhe CMS manual. keference L|sts Cccaslonally LruncaLed enLrles are glven, slmply Lo focus on Lhe dlfferences beLween clLaLlons for each Lype of maLerlal. Llllpses lndlcaLe whlch enLrles would normally conLlnue accordlng Lo Lhe baslc prlnclples of each sLyle. lease see Lhe CWL 8esearch and ClLaLlon secLlons for more deLalls. cltloq 8ooks 8ook clLaLlons ln MLA generally requlre Lhe auLhor name, work LlLle, publlcaLlon clLy, publlsher, year publlshed, and an lndlcaLlon of Lhe publlcaLlon medlum, such as prlnL. 8ook clLaLlons ln AA generally requlre auLhor name, publlcaLlon year, work LlLle, publlcaLlon clLy, and publlsher. 8ook clLaLlons ln CMS sLyle generally requlre Lhe auLhor name, work LlLle, publlcaLlon clLy, publlsher, and publlcaLlon year. Genera| book format ollan, Mlchael. 1be Omolvotes ullemmo. new ?ork: enguln Croup, 2006. rlnL. ollan, M. (2006). 1be omolvotes Jllemmo. new ?ork, n?: enguln Croup. ollan, Mlchael. 1be Omolvotes ullemmo. new ?ork: enguln Croup, 2006. S|ng|e author ollan, Mlchael. . . . ollan, M. (2006). . . . ollan, Mlchael. . . . 1wo or three authors 8ell, !ames k., and Adrlan A. Cohn. . . . 8ell, !. k., & Cohn A. (1968). . . . 8ell, !ames k., and Adrlan A. Cohn. . . . More than three authors kernls, Mlchael., eL al. . . . Cpt|ona||y, g|ve a|| author names |n the order they appear on the t|t|e page. kernls, M. P., Cornell, u. ., Sun, C. 8., 8erry, A., Parlow, 1., & 8ach, !. S. (1993). . . . kernls, Mlchael, u. . Cornell, C. 8. Sun, A. 8erry, 1. Parlow, and !. S. 8ach. . . . Ior 4 to 10 authors, |nc|ude a|| names |n b|b||ography, but on|y the f|rst |n notes. 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 2 L|ght or more authors kernls, Mlchael., eL al. . Cpt|ona||y, g|ve a|| author names |n the order they appear on the t|t|e page. kernls, M. P., Cornell, u. ., Sun, C. 8., 8erry, A., Parlow, 1., & 8ach, !. S . . . lost Aotbots Nome (1993). . . . L|st f|rst seven names (as above) fo||owed by !" $%& Corporate] Crgan|zat|on author Amerlcan sychlaLrlc AssoclaLlon. . . . Amerlcan sychlaLrlc AssoclaLlon. (2003). . . . Amerlcan sychlaLrlc AssoclaLlon. . . . Unknown author OxfotJ sseotlol wotlJ Atlos. . . . OxfotJ esseotlol wotlJ otlos. (2001). . . . Cxford LssenLlal World ALlas. . . . 1wo or more works by the same author no change Lo name formaL, change noLed by LlLle. SlechLy, . C. (1997). . . .
SlechLy, . C. (2001). . . . no change Lo name formaL. 1wo or more works by the same author, same year. no change Lo name formaL, change noLed by LlLle. SlechLy, . C. (1997a). . . .
SlechLy, . C. (1997b). . . . no change Lo name formaL. Author w|th an ed|tor osLon, 1ed. A lltst utoft of nlstoty. Ld. kaLhleen A. Pauke. ALhens, u of Ceorgla : 2000. osLon, 1. (2000). A Jtoft of blstoty. ln k. A. Pauke (Ld.). ALhens: unlverslLy of Ceorgla ress. osLon, 1ed. A utoft of nlstoty. LdlLed by kaLhleen A. Pauke. ALhens: unlverslLy of Ceorgla ress, 2000. Author w|th a trans|ator Laplace, . S. A lbllosopblcol ssoy oo ltobobllltles. 1rans. l. W. 1ruscoLL and l. L. Lmory. London, !ohn Wlley and Sons: 1902. Laplace, . S. (1902). A pbllosopblcol essoy oo ptobobllltles. (l. W. 1ruscoLL & l. L. Lmory, 1rans.). London: !ohn Wlley & Sons. Laplace, . S. A hllosophlcal Lssay on robablllLles. 1ranslaLed by l. W. 1ruscoLL and l. L. Lmory. London: !ohn Wlley and Sons, 1902. Ld|tor w|th no author coosepoeoces of Ctowloq up loot. Lds. C. !. uuncan and !. 8rooks-Cunn. new ?ork, 8ussell Sage loundaLlon: 1997 uuncan, C. !., & 8rooks-Cunn, !. (Lds.). (1997). coosepoeoces of qtowloq op poot. new ?ork: 8ussell Sage loundaLlon. uuncan, C. !. and !. 8rooks-Cunn, eds. new ?ork: 8ussell Sage loundaLlon, 1997. Work |n an antho|ogy Parrls, Murlel. "1alk Lo Me: Lngaglng 8elucLanL WrlLers." A 1otot's ColJe. nelploq wtltets Ooe to Ooe. Ld. 8en 8afoLh. orLsmouLh: Pelnemann, 2000. 24-34. rlnL. Parrls, Murlel. (2000). 1alk Lo me: Lngaglng relucLanL wrlLers. ln 8en 8afoLh (Ld.), A totots qolJe. nelploq wtltets ooe to ooe (pp. 24-34). orLsmouLh, nP: Pelnemann. Parrls, Murlel. "1alk Lo Me: Lngaglng 8elucLanL WrlLers." ln A 1otot's ColJe. nelploq wtltets Ooe to Ooe, edlLed by 8en 8afoLh, 24-34. orLsmouLh, nP: Pelnemann, 2000. Ld|t|on other than f|rst Pelfer, M. S., 8. S. keme, and 8. u. urugman. 1be 8otteteJ cbllJ. 3Lh ed. Pelfer, M. S., keme, 8. S., & urugman, 8. u. (1997). 1be botteteJ cbllJ (3Lh ed.). Pelfer, M.S., 8.S. keme, and 8.u. urugman. 1be 8otteteJ cbllJ. 3Lh ed. Chlcago: 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 3 Chlcago, u of Chlcago : 1997. Chlcago: unlverslLy of Chlcago ress. unlverslLy of Chlcago ress, 1997. Mu|t|vo|ume work ulctloooty of tbe nlstoty of lJeos. Ld. . Wlener. 4 vols. new ?ork, Charles Scrlbner's Sons: 1968-73. Wlener, . (Ld.). (1973). ulctloooty of tbe blstoty of lJeos (vols. 1-4). new ?ork: Charles Scrlbner's Sons. Welner, ., ed. ulctloooty of tbe nlstoty of lJeos. 4 vols. new ?ork: Charles Scrlbner's Sons, 1968-73. Lncyc|oped|a] D|ct|onary osner, 8ebecca. 8omance Languages." 1be ocyclopeJlo 8tltooolco: MoctopeJlo. 13Lh ed. 1987. rlnL. osner, 8. (1987). 8omance Languages. ln 1be eocyclopeJlo 8tltooolco: moctopeJlo (13Lh ed.). C|ted |n endnotes on|y. 1. 1be ocyclopeJlo 8tltooolco. MoctopeJlo, 13Lh ed., s.v. 8omance Languages." Ioreword, |ntroduct|on, preface, or afterword uuncan, Pugh ualzlel. lnLroducLlon. letmooeoce ooJ cbooqe. Ao Aootomy of lotpose. 8y kenneLh 8urke. 8erkeley: u of Callfornla , 1984. xlll-xllv. rlnL. uuncan, P. u. (1984). lnLroducLlon. ln k. 8urke, letmooeoce ooJ cbooqe. Ao Aootomy of lotpose (xlll-xllv). 8erkeley, CA: unlverslLy of Callfornla ress. uuncan, Pugh ualzlel. lnLroducLlon Lo letmooeoce ooJ cbooqe. Ao Aootomy of lotpose, by kenneLh 8urke, (xlll-xllv). 8erkeley: unlverslLy of Callfornla ress, 1984. Attlcles lo letloJlcols AlLhough perlodlcals are clLed slmllarly Lo mosL book sources, MLA's sevenLh edlLlon makes some dlsLlncLlons speclflc Lo perlodlcals. ln AA perlodlcal clLaLlon, auLhors are named by Lhelr lasL name followed by lnlLlals, Lhe publlcaLlon year goes beLween parenLheses and ls followed by a perlod. Cnly Lhe flrsL word and proper nouns are caplLallzed for arLlcle LlLles. erlodlcal LlLles are wrlLLen ln LlLle case and followed by Lhe volume number, whlch, wlLh Lhe LlLle, ls also lLallclzed. CMS perlodlcal clLaLlons lnclude auLhor name, arLlcle LlLle, publlcaLlon LlLle, publlcaLlon daLe, and lssue lnformaLlon. CMS also requlres clLaLlon of a u8L lf Lhe [ournal was accessed onllne. Magaz|ne onlewozlk, !ames. "1v Makes a 1oo- Close Call." 1lme 20 nov. 2000: 70-71. rlnL. onlewozlk, !. (2000, november 20). 1v makes a Loo-close call. 1lme, 156(21), 70-71. onlewozlk, !ames. "1v Makes a 1oo-Close Call." 1lme, november 20, 2000. Scho|ar|y Iourna| (pag|nated by |ssue) 8agchl, Alaknanda. "ConfllcLlng naLlonallsms: 1he volce of Lhe SubalLern ln MahasweLa uevl's 8osbol 1oJo." 1olso 5toJles lo womeo's lltetotote 13.1 (1996): 41-30. rlnL. 8agchl, A. (1996). ConfllcLlng naLlonallsms: 1he volce of Lhe subalLern ln MahasweLa uevl's 8osbol 1oJo. 1olso 5toJles lo womeos lltetotote 15(1), 41-30. 8agchl, Alaknanda. "ConfllcLlng naLlonallsms: 1he volce of Lhe SubalLern ln MahasweLa uevl's 8osbol 1oJo." 1olso 5toJles lo womeos lltetotote 13.1 (1996): 41-30. Da||y newspaper krugman, Andrew. "lear of LaLlng." New otk 1lmes 21 May 2007. A1. rlnL. krugman, A. (2007, May 21). lear of eaLlng. New otk 1lmes, p. A1. krugman, Andrew. "lear of LaLlng." new ?ork 1lmes, May 2007. 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 4 Ld|tor|a| |n newspaper "Cf Mlnes and Men." LdlLorlal. woll 5tteet Iootool. 24 CcL. 2003: A14. rlnL. Cf mlnes and men (2003, CcL 24). [LdlLorlal] 1be woll 5tteet Iootool, p. A14. C|ted |n notes on|y, w|thout head||ne. 1. LdlLorlal, woll 5tteet Iootool, CcLober 24, 2003. Letter to the ed|tor Pamer, !ohn. LeLLer. Ametlcoo Iootoollsm kevlew uec. 2006/!an. 2007: 7. rlnL.
Pamer, !. (2006/2007, uecember/!anuary). [LeLLer Lo Lhe edlLor]. Ametlcoo Iootoollsm kevlew, 7. C|ted |n notes on|y, w|thout head||ne. 1. !ohn Pamer, leLLer Lo Lhe edlLor, Ametlcoo Iootoollsm kevlew, uecember 2006/!anuary 2007. 8ook or f||m rev|ew SelLz, MaLL Zoller. "Llfe ln Lhe Sprawllng Suburbs, lf ?ou Can 8eally Call lL Llvlng." 8ev. of koJloot clty, dlr. Cary 8urns and !lm 8rown. New otk 1lmes 30 May 2007 laLe ed.: L1. rlnL. SelLz, M. Z. (2007, May 30). Llfe ln Lhe sprawllng suburbs, lf you can really call lL llvlng [8evlew of Lhe fllm koJloot clty, dlrecLed by Cary 8urns and !lm 8rown, 2006]. New otk 1lmes, laLe ed.: L1. SleLz, MaLL Zoller. 8evlew of koJloot clty, ulrecLed by Cary 8urns and !lm 8rown. New otk 1lmes, May 30, 2007, LaLe edlLlon. Oolloe 5ootces MLA guldellnes for mosL onllne sources were developed under Lhe assumpLlon LhaL conLenL can be found onllne as long as lnformaLlon, such as auLhor and LlLle, were lncluded. 1herefore, MLA does noL tepolte a u8L llsLlng. MLA clLaLlon of onllne sources does, however, ask for a publlsher or sponsor of Lhe webpage. AuLhors for webslLes are ofLen corporaLlons, or governmenLs. ln AA clLaLlon, onllne sources ofLen lnclude whaL are known as uCls, or dlglLal ob[ecL ldenLlflers. lf a uCl ls avallable, lL ls used ln place of a u8L. 1he uCl ls a serlal number LhaL ldenLlfles Lhe source regardless of u8L changes, and lL can ofLen be found on Lhe flrsL page of an onllne source. AA generally clLes auLhor, daLe, page LlLle, slLe LlLle, avallable page numbers, and a u8L or uCl. CMS clLaLlon requlres Lhe u8L or uCl Lo be llsLed aL Lhe end of Lhe clLaLlon buL noL Lhe daLe Lhe conLenLed was accessed. lf Lhe lnLerneL source ls Llme senslLlve, lnclude Lhe daLe of access afLer Lhe u8L llsLlng ln parenLhesls. Genera| format AuLhor. 1ltle of 5lte. Sponsor, uaLe creaLed (use n.d. lf noL glven). Medlum. uaLe accessed. AuLhor. (?ear [use n.d. lf noL glven]). ArLlcle or page LlLle. lotqet lobllcotloo 1ltle, volume or lssue number. 8eLrleved from hLLp://url address AuLhor (and/or owner, sponsor). uocumenL 1lLle. u8L or uCl. Lnt|re Webs|te unlLed SLaLes LnvlronmenLal roLecLlon Agency. utlokloq wotet 5tooJotJs. LA, 8 !uly 2004. Web. 24 !an. 2006 unlLed SLaLes LnvlronmenLal roLecLlon Agency. (2004, !uly). utlokloq wotet stooJotJs. 8eLrleved from uS LA webslLe hLLp://waLer.epa.gov/drlnk unlLed SLaLes LnvlronmenLal roLecLlon Agency. utlokloq wotet 5tooJotJs. hLLp://waLer.epa.gov/drlnk. age from Webs|te Shlva, vandana. 8loeLhlcs: A 1hlrd World lssue." Notlveweb. naLlveweb, Shlva, v. (2006, lebruary). 8loeLhlcs: A Lhlrd world lssue. Notlveweb. Shlva, vandana. 8loeLhlcs: A 1hlrd World lssue." Notlveweb. 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 3 n.d. Web. 22 leb. 2006. 8eLrleved from hLLp://www.naLlveweb.org/pages/lega l/shlva.hLml
hLLp://www.naLlveweb.org/pages/legal/shl va.hLml. age from Webs|te w|th unknown author Medla ClanLs." ltootlloe: 1be Metcboots of cool. 8S Cnllne, 2001. Web. 7 leb. 2006. Medla glanLs. (2001). ltootlloe. 1be Metcboots of cool. 8eLrleved from 8S Cnllne hLLp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/fron Lllne/shows/cool/glanLs/ Medla ClanLs." ltootlloe: 1be Metcboots of cool. hLLp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/fronLllne/ shows/cool/glanLs. Image from a Webs|te Coya, lranclsco. 1be lomlly of cbotles lv. 1800. Museo naclonal del rado, Madrld. Moseo Notloool Jel ltoJo. Web. 22 May 2006.
Coya, l. (1800). 1he famlly of Charles lv. Moseo Notloool Jel ltoJo. 8eLrleved from hLLp://www.meLmuseum.org/Loah/hd /goya/hd_goya.hLm Coya, lranclsco. 1be lomlly of cbotles lv. Museo naclonal del rado, Madrld, 1800. alnLlng. hLLp://www.meLmuseum.org/Loah/hd/goy a/hd_goya.hLm Cn||ne book MllLon, !ohn. lotoJlse lost. 8ook l. loettyfoooJotloo.otq. oeLry loundaLlon, 2008. Web. 14 uec. 2008. MllLon, !. (1667). aradlse losL: 8ook l. loetty loooJotloo. 8eLrleved from hLLp://www.poeLryfoundaLlon.org/arc hlve/poem.hLml?ld=174002 MllLon, !ohn. lotoJlse lost. ClLy and uaLe of Crlglnal ubllcaLlon. hLLp://www.poeLryfoundaLlon.org/archlve/ poem.hLml?ld=174002 ort|on of an on||ne book Adams, Penry. ulplomacy." 1be Jocotloo of neoty AJoms. 8y Adams. 8osLon: PoughLon, 1918. n. pag. 8ottleby.com. Cteot 8ooks Oolloe. Web. 8 !an 2007. Adams, P. (1918). ulplomacy." 1he educaLlon of Penry Adams. 8ottleby.com. Cteot 8ooks Oolloe. 8eLrleved from hLLp://www.barLleby.com/139/8.hLml Adams, Penry. ulplomacy." 1be Jocotloo of neoty AJoms. 8eprlnL of Lhe 1918 edlLlon, 8arLleby.com: CreaL 8ooks Cnllne. hLLp://www.barLleby.com/139/8.hLml Art|c|e |n an on||ne [ourna| 8enL, Penry L. "rofesslonallzaLlon of Lhe h.u. uegree." 1be Iootool of nlqbet Jocotloo J0.3 (1939): 140-43. Web. 3 uec. 2008. 8enL, P. (1939). rofesslonallzaLlon of Lhe h.u. degree. 1be Iootool of nlqbet Jocotloo, 30.3, 140-143. hLLp://dx.dol.org/10.2307/1978286. 8enL, Penry L. "rofesslonallzaLlon of Lhe h.u. uegree." 1he !ournal of Plgher LducaLlon 30, no. 3 (1939): 140-43. Accessed uecember 3, 2008. hLLp://www.[sLor.org/sLable/1978286. Art|c|e |n an on||ne magaz|ne] newspaper 8ernsLeln, Mark. "10 1lps on WrlLlng Lhe Llvlng Web." A llst Apott. lot leople wbo Moke websltes, 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009. 8ernsLeln, M. (2002). 10 Llps on wrlLlng Lhe llvlng web. A llst Apott. lot leople wbo Moke websltes. 8eLrleved from hLLp://www.allsLaparL.com/arLlcles/wr lLellvlng 8ernsLeln, M. 10 1lps on WrlLlng Lhe Llvlng Web." A llst Apott. AugusL 16, 2002. hLLp://www.allsLaparL.com/arLlcles/wrlLellv lng Lnt|re b|og Mayer, Carollne. 1be cbeckoot. Mayer, C. (2007, !anuary 10). 1he Mayer, Carollne. 1be cbeckoot (blog). 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 6 WashlngLon osL, 10 !an. 2007. Web. 19 !an. 2007. checkouL. [Web log]. 8eLrleved from hLLp://blog.washlngLonposL.com/Lhec heckouL/ hLLp://blog.washlngLonposL.com/Lhechecko uL/ S|ng|e 8|og Lntry Mayer, Carollne. SLamps Lo 8ecome a MarkeLlng vehlcle." 1be cbeckoot. WashlngLon osL, 10 !an. 2007. Web. 19 !an. 2007. Mayer, C. (2007, !anuary 10). SLamps Lo become markeLlng vehlcle. [Web log posL] 1he checkouL. 8eLrleved from hLLp://www.washlngLonposL.com/wp- dyn/conLenL/arLlcle/2006/03/23/A820 06032301393.hLml Mayer, Carollne. SLamps Lo 8ecome a MarkeLlng vehlcle." 1be cbeckoot (blog). Comment or response on a b|og post LdlLor, user, auLhor, or compller (lf avallable). osLlng 1lLle." Nome of 5lte. verslon number (lf avallable). name of slLe, sponsor or publlsher. Medlum of publlcaLlon. Access uaLe. WrlLer's name. (uaLe of commenL). Sub[ecL of posL. [Web log commenL]. 8eLrleved from: u8L or uCl AuLhor username (8eal name), daLe, commenL on 8log AuLhor name. LnLry 1lLle," 8log 1lLle, uaLe of posL. CD-kCM lmpernel." 1be Ametlcoo netltoqe ulctloooty of tbe oqllsb looqooqe. 4Lh ed. 8osLon: PoughLon, 2000. Cu- 8CM. lmpernel. (2000). [Cu-8CM].1be Ametlcoo netltoqe ulctloooty of tbe oqllsb looqooqe. 4Lh ed. lmpernel." 1be Ametlcoo netltoqe ulctloooty of tbe oqllsb looqooqe. 4Lh ed. 8osLon: PoughLon, 2000. Cu-8CM. L-ma|| kunka, Andrew. "8e: ModernlsL LlLeraLure." Message Lo Lhe auLhor. 13 nov. 2000. L-mall. noL lncluded ln references. C|ted |n notes on|y. 1. Andrew kunka, e-mall message Lo auLhor, november 13, 2000. MoltlmeJlo 5ootces MLA formaL for mulLlmedla sources requlres a medlum descrlpLlon aL Lhe end of Lhe clLaLlon. lllm, uvu, radlo, Web, a performance, and oLher descrlpLlons should be used Lo lndlcaLe Lhe Lype of mulLlmedla referenced. LlecLronlc sources ln AA formaL may lnclude a dlglLal ob[ecL ldenLlfler (uCl) number. When a uCl ls evldenL, lL may be used ln place of a u8L address. An onllne source should lnclude elLher a uCl or a u8L. When clLlng medla sources ln CMS formaL, lnclude as much lnformaLlon as ls avallable regardlng auLhor, producer, sponsor, publlcaLlon, medlum, daLes, slLe LlLle, and any avallable u8L. An access daLe ls noL always needed ln CMS formaLLlng. V|deo or f||m Ao locooveoleot 1totb. ulr. uavld Cuggenhelm. narr. Al Core. aramounL, 2006. uvu. Cuggenhelm, u. (ulrecLor), & 8ender, L. (roducer). (2006). Ao locooveoleot ttotb [uvu]. unlLed SLaLes: aramounL Pome LnLerLalnmenL. Ao locooveoleot 1totb. ulrecLed by uavld Cuggenhelm. unlLed SLaLes: aramounL Pome LnLerLalnmenL, 2006. uvu, 94 mln. odcast] ou1ube Murphy, 8eLh. 1lps for a Cood roflle lece." ltoject. kepott. ?ou1ube, 27 SepL. 2008. Web. 29 SepL. 2008. Murphy, 8. (2008, SepLember 27). 1lps for a good proflle plece." [?ou1ube]. ltoject. kepott. 8eLrleved from Murphy, 8eLh. 1lps for a Cood roflle lece." ltoject. kepott. ?ou1ube. SepL. 27, 2008. 2:32. 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 7 hLLps://www.youLube.com/waLch?v=k Zl?8v8WwA hLLps://www.youLube.com/waLch?v=kZl? 8v8WwA Lecture] ub||c address 1eplln, Llnda A., eL al. Larly vlolenL ueaLh ln uellnquenL ?ouLh: A rospecLlve LonglLudlnal SLudy." Annual MeeLlng of Lhe Amerlcan sychology-Law-SocleLy. La !olla, Callfornla. March, 2003. resenLaLlon. 1eplln, L. A., McClelland, C. M., Abram, k. M., & Washburn, !. !. (2003). Larly vlolenL deaLh ln dellnquenL youLh: a prospecLlve longlLudlnal sLudy. [resenLaLlon]. lopet pteseoteJ ot tbe Aooool Meetloq of tbe Ametlcoo lsycboloqy-low-5oclety. La !olla, CA. 1eplln, Llnda A., Cary M. McClelland, karen M. Abram, and !ason !. Washburn. Larly vlolenL ueaLh ln uellnquenL ?ouLh: A rospecLlve LonglLudlnal SLudy." aper presenLed aL Lhe Annual MeeLlng of Lhe Amerlcan sychology-Law-SocleLy, La !olla, CA, March 2003. Otbet 5ootces 1he urdue CWL 8rlzee, Allen, and Llyssa 1ardlff. lour Maln ComponenLs for LffecLlve CuLllnes". lotJoe Oolloe wtltloq lob. urdue unlverslLy, 7 Aprll, 2010. Web. 20 uec. 2010. 8rlzee, A., & 1ardlff, L. (2010, Aprll 7). lour maln componenLs for effecLlve ouLllnes. lotJoe Oolloe wtltloq lob. 8eLrleved from hLLp://owl.engllsh.purdue.edu/owl/res ource/344/01/ 8rlzee, Allen, and Llyssa 1ardlff. lour Maln ComponenLs for LffecLlve CuLllnes". lotJoe Oolloe wtltloq lob. urdue unlverslLy. hLLp://owl.engllsh.purdue.edu/owl/resourc e/344/01/ Government pub||cat|on ConLlnenLal Congress. Iootools of tbe cootloeotol cooqtess, 1774-1789. WashlngLon uC. 1904-1937. ConLlnenLal Congress. (1774-1789). !ournals of Lhe conLlnenLal congress. WashlngLon, uC. 1904-1937. ConLlnenLal Congress, Iootools of tbe cootloeotol cooqtess, 1774-1789, LdlLed by WorLhlngLon C. lord eL al. 34 vols. WashlngLon, uC, 1904-37. D|ssertat|on Chol, Mlhwa. ConLesLlng lmoqlootles ln ueaLh 8lLuals durlng Lhe norLhern Song uynasLy." ulss. unlverslLy of Chlcago, 2008. Web. ConLesLlng lmoqlootles ln ueaLh 8lLuals durlng Lhe norLhern Song uynasLy." Chol, M. (2008). ConLesLlng lmaglnarles ln deaLh rlLuals durlng Lhe norLhern song dynasLy (uocLoral dlsserLaLlon). Avallable from roCuesL daLabase. (AA1 3300426). Chol, Mlhwa. ConLesLlng lmoqlooltes ln ueaLh 8lLuals durlng Lhe norLhern Song uynasLy." hu dlss., unlverslLy of Chlcago, 2008. roCuesL (A A1 3300426). In-1ext C|tat|ons
cltloq 8ooks
Llke mosL source documenLaLlon sysLems, MLA uses ln-LexL clLaLlons Lo glve readers lnformaLlon and dlrecLs readers Lo Lhe more speclflc Works ClLed page should a reader wanL Lo pursue a source furLher. Cenerally, MLA AA adds Lo MLA sLyle by lncludlng page number(s), and daLe. 1he daLe ls generally provlded parenLheLlcally nexL Lo auLhor(s') names, whlle page numbers always appear parenLheLlcally aL Lhe ends of senLences. 1he daLe ls looLnoLes or endnoLes are used when clLlng wlLhln Lhe LexL of a CMS formaLLed documenL. 1hese noLes do noL Lake Lhe place of Lhe flnal blbllography page, lnsLead, endnoLes and fooLnoLes sLrengLhen a documenL's credlblllLy by provldlng speclflc source lnformaLlon for 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 8 ln-LexL clLaLlon requlres an auLhor name and a page number where Lhe lnformaLlon belng clLed can be found. lmporLanL ln soclal sclence because lL helps demonsLraLe Lhe relevance (newness) of Lhe work belng clLed. readers. looLnoLes ln CMS sLyle generally lnclude Lhe auLhor name, Lhe publlcaLlon LlLle, publlcaLlon daLe, publlsher lnformaLlon wlLh Lhe very flrsL clLaLlon, and a page number. Author named |n a s|gna| phrase hllosopher SLephen C. epper refers Lo Lhls phenomenon as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (49). hllosopher SLephen C. epper (1961) refers Lo Lhls phenomenon as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (p. 49). hllosopher SLephen C. epper refers Lo Lhls phenomenon as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence." 12
Match number 12 to endnote 12 at the bottom of the page or |n notes sect|on 12. SLephen C. epper, wotlJ nypotbeses (Los Angeles: unlverslLy of Callfornla ress, 1961), 49. Author not named |n a s|gna| phrase 1hls phenomenon ls besL referred Lo as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (epper 49). 1hls phenomenon ls besL referred Lo as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (epper, 1961, p. 49). 1hls phenomenon ls besL referred Lo as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence." 12
12. SLephen C. epper, wotlJ nypotbeses (Los Angeles: unlverslLy of Callfornla ress, 1961), 49. Unknown author 1hls phenomenon ls besL referred Lo as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (wotlJ nypotbeses 49). 1hls phenomenon ls besL referred Lo as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (wotlJ nypotbeses, 1961, p. 49). 1hls phenomenon ls besL referred Lo as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence." 12
12. wotlJ nypotbeses, (Los Angeles: unlverslLy of Callfornla ress, 1961), 49. Unknown page number 1hls phenomenon ls besL referred Lo as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (epper). 1hls phenomenon ls besL referred Lo as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (epper, Lvldence and CorroboraLlon secLlon, para. 22). 1hls phenomenon ls besL referred Lo as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence." 12
12. SLephen C. epper, wotlJ nypotbeses, (Los Angeles: unlverslLy of Callfornla ress, 1961). More than one work by the same author hllosopher SLephen C. epper refers Lo Lhls phenomenon as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (wotlJ nypotbeses 49), whlch he hlnLs Loward ln earller work as well (Lmergence" hllosopher SLephen C. epper refers Lo Lhls phenomenon as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence" (wotlJ nypotbeses, 1961, p. 49), whlch he hlnLs Loward ln earller work as well hllosopher SLephen C. epper refers Lo Lhls phenomenon as a cumulaLlve collaboraLlon of evldence," 12 whlch he hlnLs Loward ln earller work as well. 13
12. SLephen C. epper, wotlJ nypotbeses, 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 9 241). (Lmergence", 1926, p. 241). (Los Angeles: unlverslLy of Callfornla ress, 1961), 49. 13. SLephen C. epper, Lmergence," 1he Iootool of lbllosopby 23, no. 9 (1926). 1wo or three authors Shlrley k. 8ose and lrwln Welser noLe ln Coloq lobllc Lhe lmporLance of redeflnlng expecLaLlons for faculLy work (3). 8ose and Welser (2010) noLe Lhe lmporLance of redeflnlng expecLaLlons for faculLy work (p. 3). Shlrley k. 8ose and lrwln Welser noLe ln Coloq lobllc Lhe lmporLance of redeflnlng expecLaLlons for faculLy work. 6 6. Shlrley k. 8ose and lrwln Welser, Coloq lobllc (Logan, u1: uLah SLaLe unlverslLy ress, 2010), 3. Iour or more authors Some sLudles LhaL focus speclflcally on undergraduaLe perspecLlves of academlc wrlLlng found a varleLy of approaches (Anderson eL al. 11). ln 1990, Anderson, 8esL, 8lack, PursL, Mlller, and Mlller produced a sLudy LhaL focused speclflcally on undergraduaLe perspecLlves of academlc wrlLlng, and Lhey found a varleLy of approaches ln place (p. 11). Some sLudles LhaL focus speclflcally on undergraduaLe perspecLlves of academlc wrlLlng found a varleLy of approaches. 2
2. WorLh Anderson eL al., Cross-Currlcular underllfe: A CollaboraLlve 8eporL on Ways wlLh Academlc Words," colleqe composltloo ooJ commoolcotloo 41, no. 1. Corporate author 1he Amerlcan sychologlcal AssoclaLlon's sLudy demonsLraLed Lhe slgnlflcanL role of prayer as a coplng mechanlsm for healLh (67). 1hls sLudy demonsLraLed Lhe slgnlflcanL role of prayer as a coplng mechanlsm for healLh (Amerlcan sychologlcal AssoclaLlon, 2011, p. 67). 1hls sLudy demonsLraLed Lhe slgnlflcanL role of prayer as a coplng mechanlsm for healLh. 9
9. Amerlcan sychologlcal AssoclaLlon, naLlonal 1rends ln rayer use as a Coplng Mechanlsm for PealLh Concerns: Changes from 2002 Lo 2007," lsycboloqy of kellqloo ooJ 5pltltoollty. Authors w|th the same |ast name use Lhe flrsL lnlLlal Lo dlfferenLlaLe (A. SmlLh 19). use Lhe flrsL lnlLlal Lo dlfferenLlaLe (A. SmlLh, 2009, p. 19). uoes noL apply, endnoLes wlll dlfferenLlaLe. Lncyc|oped|a 8omance languages have a curlous hlsLory (8omance Languages"). 8omance languages have a curlous hlsLory (osner, 1987).
Use endnote on|y, does not appear |n b|b||ography.
1. 1be ocyclopeJlo 8tltooolco. MoctopeJlo, 13Lh ed., s.v. 8omance Languages." 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 10 Mu|t|vo|ume work use Lhe volume number followed by Lhe page number ln Lhe clLaLlon, e.g., (2: 119). use Lhe page number and daLe, lndlcaLe Lhe volume ln Lhe reference secLlon only. 10. hllllp . Welner, ulctloooty of tbe nlstoty of lJeos, 6 vols, (Charles Scrlbner and Sons, 2004). 1wo or more works |n the same parentheses Many 19Lh cenLury Amerlcan auLhors noLed Lhe lmporLance of rellglon ln concelvlng naLure (Lmerson 1123, 1horeau 1994). Many 19Lh cenLury Amerlcan auLhors noLed Lhe lmporLance of rellglon ln concelvlng naLure (Lmerson, 1836, 1horeau, 1862). Many 19Lh cenLury Amerlcan auLhors noLed Lhe lmporLance of rellglon ln concelvlng naLure. 22
22. Penry uavld 1horeau, Walklng," 1862, 8alph Waldo Lmerson, naLure," 1836. An ent|re work 1horeau's Walklng" demonsLraLes a fasclnaLlon wlLh saunLerlng. 1horeau's Walklng" (1862) demonsLraLes a fasclnaLlon wlLh saunLerlng. 1horeau's Walklng" demonsLraLes a fasclnaLlon wlLh saunLerlng. 22
22. Penry uavld 1horeau, Walklng," 1862. Work |n an antho|ogy use Lhe selecLlon's name and page number, noL Lhe edlLor.
1he llfe of poverLy ln Lhe souLh ls capLured by PursLon's candld auLoblography, lrom uusL 1racks on a 8oad" (336). ClLe Lhe speclflc work only, noL Lhe anLhology or lLs edlLor.
1he llfe of poverLy ln Lhe souLh ls capLured by PursLon's candld auLoblography, lrom uusL 1racks on a 8oad" (1942). 1he llfe of poverLy ln Lhe souLh ls capLured by PursLon's candld auLoblography, lrom uusL 1racks on a 8oad". 19
19. Zora neale PursLon, lrom uusL 1racks on a 8oad." ln 1be Nottoo 8ook of Ametlcoo Aotobloqtopby, edlLed by !ay arlnl (new ?ork: norLon, 1999), 336. MoltlmeJlo 5ootces V|deo or f||m ClLe as ln-LexL documenL uslng Lhe flrsL LexL elemenL ln Lhe works clLed enLry.
1he role of lrlsh folklore ls deplcLed ln conLemporary fllms such as !ohn Sayles's 1be 5ectet of kooo lolsb.
ClLe as ln-LexL documenL uslng release daLe.
1he role of lrlsh folklore ls deplcLed ln conLemporary fllms such as !ohn Sayles's 1be 5ectet of kooo lolsb (1993). 1he role of lrlsh folklore ls deplcLed ln conLemporary fllms such as !ohn Sayles's, 1be 5ectet of kooo lolsb. 43
43. 1be 5ectet of kooo lolsb, uvu, dlrecLed by !ohn Sayles (1993, Culver ClLy, CA: Columbla 1rlsLar Pome vldeo, 2000). odcast] ou1ube use vldeo auLhor/podcasL name and glven LlLle.
1he qulrks of spendlng become obvlous when llsLenlng Lo producLlons such as uavld keseLenbaum's podcasL, A 8lg use vldeo/podcasL auLhor name, lf known, LlLle, and posLlng daLe.
1he qulrks of spendlng become obvlous when llsLenlng Lo producLlons such as uavld keseLenbaum's podcasL, A 8lg Inc|ude |n notes as a document from a webs|te.
31. uavld kesLenbaum, A 8lg 8rldge ln Lhe Wrong lace," llooet Mooey loJcost, naLlonal ubllc 8adlo, 1he urdue CWL: ClLaLlon CharL updaLed !une 2014 11 8rldge ln Lhe Wrong lace," on llooet Mooey. 8rldge ln Lhe Wrong lace," on llooet Mooey (2011). hLLp://www.npr.org/blogs/money Lecture] ub||c address 1he problem of vlolenL deaLh among dellnquenL youLhs was carefully documenLed by 1eplln eL al. ln an address dellvered ln 2003 aL Lhe Annual MeeLlng of Lhe Amerlcan sychology- Law-SocleLy. 1he problem of vlolenL deaLh among dellnquenL youLhs was carefully documenLed by 1eplln eL al. ln an address dellvered aL Lhe Annual MeeLlng of Lhe Amerlcan sychology- Law-SocleLy (2003). If us|ng an unpub||shed |ecture or address, c|te |n ma|n text on|y. If a pub||shed |ecture or address, reference |n text and notes fo||ow|ng th|s examp|e:
41. Llnda A. 1eplln eL al, Larly vlolenL ueaLh ln uellnquenL ?ouLh: A rospecLlve LonglLudlnal SLudy," aper presenLed aL Lhe Annual MeeLlng of Lhe Amerlcan sychology- Law-SocleLy, La !olla, CA, March 2003. Otbet 5ootces 1he urdue CWL karl SLolley and Allen 8rlzee wrlLe ln Lhe Cnllne WrlLlng Lab aL urdue unlverslLy, 8esearch-based wrlLlng ln Amerlcan lnsLlLuLlons, boLh educaLlonal and corporaLe, ls fllled wlLh rules LhaL wrlLers, parLlcularly beglnners, aren'L aware of or don'L know how Lo follow" (Avoldlng laglarlsm"). karl SLolley and Allen 8rlzee (2011) wrlLe ln Lhe Cnllne WrlLlng Lab aL urdue unlverslLy, 8esearch-based wrlLlng ln Amerlcan lnsLlLuLlons, boLh educaLlonal and corporaLe, ls fllled wlLh rules LhaL wrlLers, parLlcularly beglnners, aren'L aware of or don'L know how Lo follow." karl SLolley and Allen 8rlzee noLe, 8esearch-based wrlLlng ln Amerlcan lnsLlLuLlons, boLh educaLlonal and corporaLe, ls fllled wlLh rules LhaL wrlLers, parLlcularly beglnners, aren'L aware of or don'L know how Lo follow." 23
23. karl SLolley and Allen 8rlzee, Avoldlng laglarlsm," lotJoe Oolloe wtltloq lob, urdue unlverslLy, hLLp://owl.engllsh.purdue.edu/owl/resource/ 389/01/ Government pub||cat|on Accordlng Lo Lhe ennsylvanla ueparLmenL of ConservaLlon and naLural 8esources, Lhe Lmerald Ash 8orer lnvaslon ln ennsylvanla has led Lo dozens of counLy quaranLlnes ln recenL years. 1he Lmerald Ash 8orer lnvaslon ln ennsylvanla has led Lo dozens of counLy quaranLlnes ln recenL years (ennsylvanla uCn8, 2011). Accordlng Lo Lhe ennsylvanla ueparLmenL of ConservaLlon and naLural 8esources . . . eLc. 27
27. ennsylvanla ueparLmenL of ConservaLlon and naLural 8esources, 8oteoo of lotestty lobllcotloos: coleopteto. 8optestlJoe. Aqtllos ploolpeools loltmolte, 2011.