21.

68: a) F13

1 q1q3
1 q1q3
cos i
sin j
2
40 r13
40 r132

1
(5.00 nC)(6.00 nC) 4
1
(5.00 nC)(6.00 nC) 3
F13
i
j
4
40 ((9.00 16.0) 10 m) 5
40 ((9.00 16.0) 10 4 m) 5

F13 (8.64 10 5 N) i (6.48 10 5 N) j.

Similarly for the force from the other charge:

1 q2 q3
1 ( 2.00 nC)(6.00 nC)
F23
j
j (1.20 10 4 N ) j
2
2
40 r23
40
(0.0300 m)
Therefore the two force components are:
Fx 8.64 10 5 N Fy 6.48 105 12.0 105 5.52 10 5 N

b) Thus, F Fx2 Fy2 (8.64 105 N) 2 ( 5.52 10 5

and the angle is arctan( Fy Fx ) 32.6, below the x axis

N) 2 1.03 10 4 N,