CONSTRUCTION OF A DEEP CONSTRUCTION OF A DEEP

TUBE WELL TUBE WELL- - A CASE STUDY. A CASE STUDY.

A PRESENTATION BY T.S. BADRINARAYANAN, GEOSCIENTIST,
B SQUARE GEO TECH SERVICES, KOLLIDAM, SIRKALI TALUK,
NAGAI DISTRICT,TAMILNADU, PIN- 609 102.
E-MAIL: tsbadri56@gmail.com, MOB- 94430 46102.
BADRI. BADRI. 2 2
AREA & PURPOSE OF
AREA & PURPOSE OF
INVESTIGATION
INVESTIGATION
.
.
Name of the village : Ko.Pavalangudi. Name of the village : Ko.Pavalangudi.
Panchayat Union : Vridhachalam. Panchayat Union : Vridhachalam.
Taluk Taluk : Vridhachalam. : Vridhachalam.
District District : Cuddalore. : Cuddalore.
State State : Tamilnadu. : Tamilnadu.
Area of extent Area of extent : 100 acres. : 100 acres.
Purpose of Purpose of
investigation investigation : To construct a very deep : To construct a very deep
tube well for agricultural tube well for agricultural
purpose. purpose.
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CUDDALORE DISTICT MAP SHOWING
CUDDALORE DISTICT MAP SHOWING
THE AREA OF INVESTIGATION
THE AREA OF INVESTIGATION
.
.
KO.PAVALANGUDI
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KO.PAVALANGUDI
VRIDHACHALAM UNION MAP
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PROBLEMS.
PROBLEMS.

The hydrogeological condition is such that,
The hydrogeological condition is such that,
potential confined aquifers occurs @ a
potential confined aquifers occurs @ a
very deep depth of > 200 meters below
very deep depth of > 200 meters below
ground level.
ground level.

A very huge thick layer of aquiclude.
A very huge thick layer of aquiclude.

Exploring the very deep aquifer &
Exploring the very deep aquifer &
construction of well are problematic.
construction of well are problematic.

A huge investment has to be made for
A huge investment has to be made for
construction.
construction.
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STAGES OF
GW EXPLORATION
IN SEDIMENTARY
TERRAIN.
SURFACE METHODS.
WELL SITE
SELECTON BY
INTEGRATED
HYDROGEOLOGICAL
& GEOPHYSICAL
METHODS.
SUB SURFACE METHODS.
DRILLING PILOT
BORE HOLE
LITHOLOG
ELECTRICAL WELL
LOGGING
WELL DEVELOPMENT
BY AIR COMPRESSOR
YIELD ASSESSMENT
WELL COMPLETION
PUMPING TEST-
HYDROGEO CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS OF
WATER SAMPLE.
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METHODOLOGY.
METHODOLOGY.
Three stages of ground water exploration Three stages of ground water exploration surface, surface,
subsurface methods & well development. subsurface methods & well development.
Surface method Surface method- - hydrogeological investigation to select hydrogeological investigation to select
a bore hole point. a bore hole point.
Sub surface method Sub surface method- -drilling pilot bore well drilling pilot bore well- - litholog litholog
preparation preparation- - electrical well logging. electrical well logging.
Well designing & construction Well designing & construction- -
Well development by compressor Well development by compressor- - yield yield
assessment assessment- -well completion. well completion.
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GROUND WATER EXPLORATION METHODOLOGY ADAPTED.
SECOND STAGE.
SURFACE METHOD.
HYDROGEOLOGICAL
FIRST STAGE.
SUB SURFACE METHOD.
GEOLOGICAL-
LITHOLOG.
HYDROGEOLOGICAL
THIRD STAGE.
PILOT BORE HOLE
DRILLING.
SELECTING
FEASIBLE POINT.
GEOPHYSICAL-
ELECTRICAL LOGGING.
WELL DESIGNING &
CONSTRUCTION.
WELL DEVELOPMENT
WELL COMPLETION
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1.1.FIRST STAGE
1.1.FIRST STAGE
-
-
SURFACE
SURFACE
METHOD.
METHOD.

Geological and Hydrogeological
Geological and Hydrogeological
investigations to select a
investigations to select a
feasible point to drill a pilot
feasible point to drill a pilot
bore hole.
bore hole.
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GEOMORPHOLOGY MAP OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT.
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GEOLOGY OF THE AREA.
GEOLOGY OF THE AREA.
Terrain Terrain- - Sedimentary terrain. Sedimentary terrain.
The area is covered by various geological The area is covered by various geological
formations ranging in age from Cretaceous to formations ranging in age from Cretaceous to
Recent represented by black clay, calcareous Recent represented by black clay, calcareous
sandstones & marls [Upper Cretaceous] overlain sandstones & marls [Upper Cretaceous] overlain
by Gopurapuram formations of Eocene age, by Gopurapuram formations of Eocene age,
essentially argillaceous, comprising silts, essentially argillaceous, comprising silts,
claystones, calcareous sandstones, shales, black claystones, calcareous sandstones, shales, black
clay & soils. clay & soils.
The area is about 60 to 65 kms away from sea The area is about 60 to 65 kms away from sea
shore. shore.
[SOURCE [SOURCE- - CGWB]. CGWB].
BADRI. BADRI. 12 12
HYDROGEOLOGY.
HYDROGEOLOGY.
Ground water occurs in all geological formations both Ground water occurs in all geological formations both
under confined & unconfined conditions. under confined & unconfined conditions.
The area receives maximum rain fall during northeast The area receives maximum rain fall during northeast
monsoon period which is the main source for ground monsoon period which is the main source for ground
water recharge. water recharge.
The shallow unconfined aquifers may not be potential to The shallow unconfined aquifers may not be potential to
tap for irrigation purposes. tap for irrigation purposes.
The deep confined aquifer occurs below 200 meters The deep confined aquifer occurs below 200 meters
below ground level. below ground level.
The principal & potential aquifers are sand stones, fine The principal & potential aquifers are sand stones, fine
to medium grained sands, pebbles & gravels. to medium grained sands, pebbles & gravels.
The depth to water level ranges from 20 to 60 m bgl. The depth to water level ranges from 20 to 60 m bgl.
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2.1. SECOND STAGE
2.1. SECOND STAGE
-
-
SUBSURFACE
SUBSURFACE
METHOD
METHOD
Drilling of pilot bore hole Drilling of pilot bore hole- -
Rig engaged Rig engaged- - Rotary rig. Rotary rig.
Dia & depth of pilot bore hole Dia & depth of pilot bore hole- - 300 mm 300 mm- -
depth depth- - 312 m. 312 m.
Soil samples collected for every 6 m Soil samples collected for every 6 m- - litholog litholog
prepared prepared- - soil samples analyzed in depth. soil samples analyzed in depth.
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MUD PIT.
ROTARY RIG.
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ROTARY RIG.
ROTARY RIG.
PVC CASING PIPES.
ROTARY RIG.
PEBBLES.
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TYPICAL
ROTARY WELL CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE
OVERSIZED
BOREHOLE
DRILLED
IDENTIFY
AQUIFER
INSTALL CASING
(& SCREEN)
YIELD TEST
&
WATER SAMPLING
WELL
DEVELOPMENT
GROUT
ANNULAR
SPACE
1 2 3
6 5 4
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2.2. LITHOLOG.
2.2. LITHOLOG.
JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, LITHO LOG.
34
29
7
25
10
15
7
3
4
20
18
14
28
6
29
9
26
6
16
5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
D
E
P
T
H

I
N

M

B
G
L
.
BLACK CLAY
GREY COLRED FS-
YELLOWISH BALCK CLAY
FMS
BLACK CLAY
GREY COLRED FS- SST
BLACK CLAYEY SAND
BLACK CLAY + SST
BLACK FINE SILTY CLAY
BLACK CLAYEY SST
BLACK CLAY
SST
BLACK CLAY
SST
BLACK CLAY+ SST
SST
CLAYEY SST
YELLOWISH WHITE SST
BLACK CLAY
TS +YELLOWISH BROWN COLORED CLAY
CONFINED
AQUIFER
BADRI. BADRI. 18 18
2.3. GEOPHYSICAL
2.3. GEOPHYSICAL
-
-
ELECTRICAL WELL LOGGING
ELECTRICAL WELL LOGGING
One of the subsurface methods of ground water One of the subsurface methods of ground water
exploration namely the electrical well logging exploration namely the electrical well logging
facilitates continuous recording of electrical facilitates continuous recording of electrical
response verses depth by a sensor when it response verses depth by a sensor when it
moves inside the bore hole. Among the several moves inside the bore hole. Among the several
methods of well logging the common method methods of well logging the common method
used for ground water exploration is electrical used for ground water exploration is electrical
well logging which includes SP log and resistivity well logging which includes SP log and resistivity
logs. logs.
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WELL LOGGING
WELL LOGGING
.
.
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LOGGING CONFIGURATION
LOGGING CONFIGURATION
.
.
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ELECTRICAL WELL LOGGING
ELECTRICAL WELL LOGGING

Logging equipment
Logging equipment
-
-
Portable spot logger.
Portable spot logger.

Resistivity meter used
Resistivity meter used
-
-
Microprocessor
Microprocessor
based signal stacking digital meter
based signal stacking digital meter
-
-
model
model
-
-
SSR
SSR
-
-
MP
MP
-
-
AT
AT
-
-
S 0f IGIS,
S 0f IGIS,
Hyderabad make.
Hyderabad make.

Logging modes
Logging modes
-
-
SP & Normal resistivity
SP & Normal resistivity
log
log
-
-
LN
LN
-
-
64
64

.
.
BADRI. BADRI. 22 22
SP LOG
SP LOG
.
.
JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, SP LOG
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
50 70 90 110 130 150 170
SP IN MV
D
E
P
T
H

I
N

M

B
G
L
.
SP
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NORMAL RESISTIVITY LOG
NORMAL RESISTIVITY LOG
-
-
LN 64
LN 64

JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, RES LOG- SN-64''

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
RES IN OHM /M
D
E
P
T
H

I
N

M

B
G
L
.
SN-64''
AQUIFER ZONE.
AQUICLUDE.
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3.THIRD STAGE
3.THIRD STAGE
-
-
WELL DESIGN
WELL DESIGN
& CONSTRUCTION.
& CONSTRUCTION.
The success of well depends on the well design The success of well depends on the well design
and construction. The tube well design shall and construction. The tube well design shall
ensure an efficient and economical well with a ensure an efficient and economical well with a
service life of more than a decade. service life of more than a decade.
Well design Well design- - The assembly of plain and slotted The assembly of plain and slotted
pipes. The aim of screened & gravel packed well pipes. The aim of screened & gravel packed well
is to draw clear water from the aquifer without is to draw clear water from the aquifer without
excessive head loss and to keep the aquifer excessive head loss and to keep the aquifer
material cut. material cut.
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Poor construction can affect drinking water Poor construction can affect drinking water
quality. quality.
Poor construction can contribute, promote, Poor construction can contribute, promote,
and facilitate pollution and contamination of and facilitate pollution and contamination of
the groundwater aquifer. the groundwater aquifer.
Proper construction can prolong the life and Proper construction can prolong the life and
yield of the well. yield of the well.
WHY CARE ABOUT WELL
WHY CARE ABOUT WELL
CONSTRUCTION ?
CONSTRUCTION ?
BADRI. BADRI. 26 26
Logging Rest.
-curve
Kankar
Clay
Sandy-
clay
Sand
shale
CONSTRUCTION OF BORE WELL IN SEDIMENTARY TERRAIN
Bore well
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TYPICAL DRILLED WELL
TYPICAL DRILLED WELL
CONSTRUCTION WITH SCREEN WELL
CONSTRUCTION WITH SCREEN WELL
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3.1. KO.PAVALANGUDI
3.1. KO.PAVALANGUDI
TUBE WELL DESIGN.
TUBE WELL DESIGN.
213
18
36
18
9
18
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
D
E
P
T
H

I
N

M

B
G
L
.
JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, PD.
SLOT PIPE + BD.
PLAIN PIPE
SLOT PIPE
PLAIN PIPE
SLOT PIPE
PLAIN PIPE
29 29
GROUND LEVEL.
CLAY
PACKING
.
DRY CLAY
BALL PACKING
PEBBLE
PACKING.
3.3. KO. PAVALANGUDI TUBE WELL CONSTRUCTION
0 TO 213 M PLAIN PIPE.
213 TO 231 M SLOTTED PIPE.
231 TO 267 M PLAIN PIPE.
267 TO 285 M SLOTTED PIPE.
285 TO 294 M PLAIN PIPE.
294 TO 312 M SLOTTED PIPE +
BOTTAM DUMMY.
PVC PLAIN PIPE
SLOTTED PIPE.
175 M
200
312 M
TUBE WELL DEPTH 312 M.
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3.4. DEVELOPMENT AND
3.4. DEVELOPMENT AND
COMPLETION OF WELL
COMPLETION OF WELL
Development of well is essential to obtain an efficient Development of well is essential to obtain an efficient
and long lasting well. The fundamental purpose of and long lasting well. The fundamental purpose of
development is to cause reversal of flow through the development is to cause reversal of flow through the
screen openings. A permeable zone is created around screen openings. A permeable zone is created around
the well screen. the well screen.
The tube well constructed was developed after 10 days The tube well constructed was developed after 10 days
by an air compressor. 90 by an air compressor. 90 V V- - notch yield was ascertained notch yield was ascertained
while developing. The yield of the well is 760 liters per while developing. The yield of the well is 760 liters per
minute. The water is very clear and the quality is very minute. The water is very clear and the quality is very
good to drink. Finally the well was completed by good to drink. Finally the well was completed by
grouting and sealing the casing. grouting and sealing the casing.
BADRI. BADRI. 31 31
WELL DEVELOPEPMENT BY
WELL DEVELOPEPMENT BY
COMPRESSOR
COMPRESSOR
32 32
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
.
.
The depth of tube well [TW] constructed The depth of tube well [TW] constructed- - 312 m & dia of 312 m & dia of
TW TW- - 150 mm. 150 mm.
The principal & potential aquifers The principal & potential aquifers- - sandstone, fine to medium sandstone, fine to medium
grained sand [FMS] & fine sand. grained sand [FMS] & fine sand.
The thickness of FMS The thickness of FMS- - 26 m. 26 m.
Number of slotted pipes provided Number of slotted pipes provided- - 18 pipes 18 pipes- - 54 m. 54 m.
Yield of the TW, by 90 Yield of the TW, by 90 V V- -notch notch- - 6 6 - - 760 LPM. 760 LPM.
The quality of water is good. The quality of water is good.
Thus by integrated geological, hydrogeological & geoelectrical Thus by integrated geological, hydrogeological & geoelectrical
investigations the deep potential confined aquifer could be investigations the deep potential confined aquifer could be
explored & exploited successfully explored & exploited successfully. .
BADRI. BADRI. 33 33
THANK YOU.
THANK YOU.
LET US CONSERTVE WATER.