1

1
Chng 7
B m v thanh ghi
Th.S ng Ngc Khoa
Khoa in - in T
2
B m khng ng b
Xt b m 4 bit hnh 7-1
Xung clock ch c a n FF A, ng vo J,
K ca tt c cc FF u mc logic 1.
Ng ra ca FF sau c ni n ng vo CLK
ca FF trc n.
Ng ra D, C, B, A l mt s nh phn 4 bit vi
D l bit c trng s cao nht.
y l b m khng ng b v trng
thi ca cc FF khng thay i cng vi
xung clock.
2
3
Hnh 7-1 B m 4 bit
4
Quy c v trng s
Trong phn ln cc mch, dng tn hiu
thng chy t tri sang phi.
Trong chng ny, nhiu mch in c
dng tn hiu chy t phi sang tri.
V d, trong hnh 7-1:
Flip-Flop A: LSB
Flip-Flop D: MSB
3
5
S MOD
S MOD l s trng thi trong mt chu
k ca mt b m.
B m trong hnh 7-1 c 16 trng thi
khc nhau, do vy n l b m MOD-16
S MOD ca mt b m c thay i
cng vi s Flip-Flop.
S MOD 2
N
6
S MOD
V d
Mt b m c s dng m sn phm
chy qua mt bng ti. Mi sn phm i qua
bng chuyn, b cm bin s ti ra mt xung.
B m c kh nng m c 1000 sn
phm. Hi t nht phi c bao nhiu Flip-Flop
trong b m?
Tr li: 1000 2
10
= 1024. Phi c 10 FF
4
7
Chia tn s
Trong mt b m, tn hiu ng ra ca FF
cui cng (MSB) c tn s bng tn s
ng vo chia cho s MOD. Mt b m
MOD-N l b chia N.
8
V d 7-1
V d mch to ra dao ng xung vung c
tn s 1Hz.
To ra tn hiu xung vung 50Hz t li in.
Cho i qua b m MOD-50 chia tn s 50 ln.
C c tn hiu xung vung tn s 1Hz
5
9
Tr trong b m khng ng b
Cu trc ca b m khng ng b kh
n gin nhng vn tr khi truyn tn
hiu qua mi FF s lm hn ch tn s
ca b m.
Vi b m khng ng b ta phi c
T
clock
N x t
pd
F
max
=1/(N x t
pd
)
10
Tr trong b m khng ng b
B m 3 bit
vi nhng tn
s xung clock
khc nhau
6
11
Cu hi?
Trong b m bt ng b, tt c cc FF
thay i trng thi cng mt lc? Sai
Gi s b m trong hnh 7-1 ang
trng thi 0101. Sau 27 xung clock, trng
thi ca b m s l bao nhiu? 0000
S MOD ca b m c 5 Flip-Flop?
12
B m ng b
Trng thi ca tt c cc FF s c thay
i cng mt lc vi xung clock.
Hnh sau m t hot ng ca mt b
m ng b
Mi FF c ng vo J, K c kt ni sao cho
chng trng thi cao ch khi ng ra ca tt
c cc FF sau n u trng thi cao.
B m ng b c th hot ng vi tn s
cao hn b m khng ng b.
7
13
B m ng b MOD-16
14
Hot ng ca mch
B thay i trng thi theo xung clock ch
khi A = 1.
C thay i trng thi theo xung clock ch
khi A = B = 1.
D thay i trng thi theo xung clock ch
khi A = B = C = 1.
8
15
Bng chn tr
16
B m c s MOD < 2
N
S dng ng vo khng ng b (clear,
set) buc b m b i mt s trng
thi.
Trong hnh 7-2, ng ra cng NAND c
ni n ng vo khng ng b CLEAR
ca mi Flip-Flop.
Khi A=0, B=C=1, (CBA = 110
2
= 6
10
) ng
ra cng NAND s tch cc v cc FF s b
CLEAR v trng thi 0.
9
17
Hnh 7-2 B m MOD-6
18
Trng thi tm
Lu rng trong hnh 7-2, 110 l mt
trng thi tm thi. Mch ch tn ti
trng thi ny trong thi gian rt ngn
sau s chuyn sang trng thi 000.
000001010011100101000
Ng ra ca FF C c tn s bng 1/6 tn s
ng vo.
10
19
S trng thi
20
Thit k b m MOD-X
Bc 1: Tm s FF nh nht sao cho 2
N

X. Kt ni cc FF li vi nhau. Nu 2
N
= X
th khng lm bc 2 v 3.
Bc 2: Ni mt cng NAND n ng vo
CLEAR ca tt c cc FF.
Bc 3: Xc nh FF s mc cao ng vi
trng thi b m = X. Ni ng ra ca cc
FF n ng vo ca cng NAND.
11
21
B m MOD-14 v MOD-10
B m khng ng b
22
B m MOD-14 v MOD-10
B m ng b
12
23
B m thp phn
B m thp phn
L bt k b m no c mi trng thi
phn bit.
B m BCD
L mt b m thp phn m cc trng thi
trong b m tng ng t 0000 (zero) n
1001 (9)
24
B m MOD-60 khng ng b
13
25
V d 7-2
Xc nh mch b m ng b MOD-60
26
Cu hi?
Trong b m MOD-13, ng ra ca FF no
c ni n ng vo cng NAND ca
mch clear?
Tt c cc b m BCD l b m thp
phn?
Cho mt b m thp phn, tn s ng
vo l 50KHz. Tn s ng ra l bao nhiu?
14
27
B m xung khng ng b
111110101100011010001
000
B m ln c th chuyn thnh b m
xung bng cch s dng nhng ng ra
o li cc ng vo xung clock.
28
B m xung MOD-8
15
29
B m xung ng b
B m xung ng b c cu to hon
ton tng t nh b m ln ng b.
Ch khc l s dng cc ng ra o
iu khin.
30
B m ln/xung ng b
16
31
IC b m khng ng b
IC 74LS293 h TTL
C 4 J-K Flip-Flop, Q
3
Q
2
Q
1
Q
0
Mi FF c mt ng vo CP (clock pulse) tng
t nh ng vo CLK. Ng vo clock ca Q
1
v
Q
0
c ni n chn 11 v chn 10.
Ng vo clear ca mi FF c ni n ng ra
ca mt cng NAND hai ng vo MR
1
v MR
2
.
Q
3
Q
2
Q
1
c ni vi nhau hnh thnh nn mt
b m 3 bit.
Q
0
khng c ni n cc phn khc.
32
IC b m khng ng b
17
33
V d 7-3
S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m
MOD-16
34
V d 7-4
S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m
MOD-10
18
35
V d 7-5
S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m MOD-14
Trng hp ny cn phi s dng thm mt
cng AND
36
V d 7-6
S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m
MOD-60
S dng 2 IC mc ni tip nhau.
19
37
IC b m
Gii thiu IC b m 7 bit h CMOS
38
IC b m ng b
TTL 74ALS160
B m c 4 FF
FF thay i trng thi theo cng dng ca
xung clock
IC c mt ng vo CLEAR khng ng b.
B m c th preset n bt k gi tr no
(theo cc ng vo A, B, C, v D) bng cch
tch cc ng vo LOAD.
B m c iu khin bi cc ng vo khc
nhau, th hin trong bng Function table.
20
39
74ALS160
40
74ALS160
V d
21
41
74ALS160
V d
42
74ALS160
C th kt hp nhiu IC to ra mt b
m ln hn
22
43
IC b m ng b
74ALS193/HC193
B m ng b
MOD-16
Presettable up/down
Preset khng ng b
Master reset khng ng b
44
IC 74ALS193
23
45
IC 74ALS193
Mch to ra TC
U
v TC
D
46
74ALS193 - b m ln
24
47
74ALS193 - b m xung
48
V d 7-7
B m xung MOD-5
25
49
IC 74ALS193
Kt hp nhiu IC m rng b m
50
Gii m b m
Gii m l bit i gi tr nh phn ng
ra thnh gi tr thp phn.
B gii m sau tch cc mc cao, c th
s dng cc n LED th hin cc s
thp phn t 0 7.
26
51
Gii m b m MOD-8
52
Thit k b m ng b
Bng chuyn i trng thi ca JK-FF
0 X 1 1 11
1 X 0 1 10
X 1 1 0 01
X 0 0 0 00
K J K tip Hin ti Chuyn i
27
53
Trnh t thit k
Bc 1: Xc nh s bit (s FF cn)
Bc 2: v s chuyn i ca tt c
cc trng thi, bao gm c nhng trng
thi khng xut hin trong chu trnh.
Bc 3: da vo s chuyn i trng
thi thit lp mt bng, trong lit
k tt c cc trng thi hin ti v k tip.
54
Trnh t thit k
Bc 4: trong bng va to, thm ct gi
tr J, K ca cc FF. Vi mi trng thi hin
ti, xc nh gi tr ca J v K b m
chuyn n trng thi k tip.
Bc 5: thit k mch logic to ra cc
mc logic cho mi ng vo J v K.
Bc 6: xc nh s mch.
28
55
V d, thit k b m MOD-5
S chuyn i trng thi
000001010011100000
56
Trng thi hin ti v k tip
0 0 0 1 1 1 8
0 0 0 0 1 1 7
0 0 0 1 0 1 6
0 0 0 0 0 1 5
0 0 1 1 1 0 4
1 1 0 0 1 0 3
0 1 0 1 0 0 2
1 0 0 0 0 0 Line 1
A B C A B C
NEXT PRESENT
29
57
Bng trng thi ca mch
1 x 1 x 1 x 0 0 0 1 1 1 8
x 0 1 x 1 x 0 0 0 0 1 1 7
1 x x 0 1 x 0 0 0 1 0 1 6
x 0 x 0 1 x 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
1 x 1 x x 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 4
x 1 0 x x 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3
1 x x 1 x 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2
x 1 x 0 x 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Line 1
K
A
J
A
K
B
J
B
K
C
J
C
A B C A B C
NEXT PRESENT
58
Xc nh cc gi tr J v K
Tnh gi tr ca J
A
30
59
Tng t ta c
60
S mch
31
61
V d 7-8
S dng D-FF thit k b m MOD-5
x x x 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 x x 0 0 0 0 1 1
x 0 x 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 x 0 0 0 0 0 1
x x 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
1 x 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
x 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
D
A
D
B
D
C
A B C A B C
NEXT PRESENT
62
V d 7-8
Xc nh gi tr cc ng vo D
32
63
V d 7-8
S mch
64
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Thanh ghi c th c phn loi da vo
cch d liu c a vo v cch m d
liu c ly ra:
Parallel in/parallel out (PIPO)
Serial in/serial out (SISO)
Parallel in/serial out (PISO)
Serial in/parallel out (SIPO)
33
65
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Vo song song, ra song song :
IC 74174 v 74178
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Parallel out
Parallel in
MSB LSB
66
PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174
74ALS174/74HC174
Thanh ghi 6 bit
D
5
, D
0
: ng vo song song
Q
5
, Q
0
: ng ra song song
D liu c a vo thanh ghi theo cnh
dng ca xung clock
Master reset c th reset tt c cc FFs
mt cch c lp vi xung clock
34
67
PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174
68
PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174
74ALS174 c s dng lm b thnh
ghi dch
35
69
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Vo ni tip, ra ni tip:
IC 4731B
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Serial In Serial out
0 1 1 0
70
SISO - 4731B
36
71
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Vo song song, ra ni tip:
IC 74165,74LS165,74HC165
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Parallel In
MSB
LSB
Serial Out
1 0
72
PISO - 74HC165
74HC165
Thanh ghi 8 bit
D liu ni tip c a vo D
S
D liu song song khng ng b c a
vo qua P
0
- P
7
Ch c ng ra Q
7
c s dng
CP l ng vo xung clock
CP INH ng vo ngn xung clock
SH/LD ng vo load d liu
37
73
PISO - 74HC165
74
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Vo ni tip, ra song song:
IC 74164,74LS164,74HC164
Serial In
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1
Parallel out
MSB LSB
38
75
SIPO 74ALS164/74HC164
74ALS164
Cha thanh ghi dch 8 bit
A v B l hai ng vo ca mt cng AND, ng
ra ca cnf AND l u vo ni tip.
Qu trnh dch xy ra khi c cnh m ca
xung clock
76
IC 74ALS164
39
77
V d IC 74ALS164
78
Thanh ghi dch
3684 368 363
V d v thanh
ghi dch trong
my tnh
40
79
B m thanh ghi dch
B m vng (FF cui ni n FF u tin)
FF cui cng s dch gi tr ca n n FF u
tin
D-FF c s dng (JK-FF cng c th c
s dng)
Phi bt u vi trng thi ch c mt FF c
gi tr 1 v nhng ci cn li trng thi 0.
80
Dch vng MOD-4
41
81
Dch vng 4 bit
B m MOD-4
82
Cu hi?