PENGELUARAN KOKO DI MALAYSIA

Raize Shah Hussain

PROJEK STDF - CABI ICCO : LATIHAN FASILITATOR
PPPK Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia, 16-20 Jun 2014



KANDUNGAN PEMBENTANGAN
Senario Pengeluaran Koko Dunia
Senario Pengeluaran Koko Malaysia
Perangkaan Industri Koko Malaysia
Kawasan Penanaman Koko Di Malaysia
Sejarah Prestasi Varieti Koko Di Malaysia
www.koko.gov.my
PENGELUARAN KOKO DUNIA
2012/13: 3.931 Juta Tan
Amerika Latin:
15.7%
(618,000 tan)
Afrika
71.6%
(2.813 juta tan)
Asia & Oceania:
12.7%
(500,000 tan)
Senario Pengeluaran Koko Dunia
www.koko.gov.my
Negara Pengeluar Koko Utama
1486
879
440
207
235
193
220
39
1445
835
420
225 225
192
185
41
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2011/12
2012/13
8 Negara Pengeluar Utama
(ribu tan)
www.koko.gov.my
Permintaan dan Penawaran Koko Dunia
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
1
9
7
0
/
7
1
1
9
7
2
/
7
3
1
9
7
4
/
7
5
1
9
7
6
/
7
7
1
9
7
8
/
7
9
1
9
8
0
/
8
1
1
9
8
2
/
8
3
1
9
8
4
/
8
5
1
9
8
6
/
8
7
1
9
8
8
/
8
9
1
9
9
0
/
9
1
1
9
9
2
/
9
3
1
9
9
4
/
9
5
1
9
9
6
/
9
7
1
9
9
8
/
9
9
2
0
0
0
/
0
1
2
0
0
2
/
0
3
2
0
0
4
/
0
5
2
0
0
6
/
0
7
2
0
0
8
/
0
9
2
0
1
0
/
1
1
2
0
1
2
/
1
3

0
0
0

T
o
n
n
e
s
Grindings Production
1.42 Mil. Tonnes
(1970/71)
1.56 Mil. Tonnes
(1970/71)
4.05 juta tan
(2012/13)
3.93 juta tan
(2012/13)
www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
Menurut ICCO : 2012/2013 permintaan melebihi pengeluaran dan
Dunia mengalami defisit sebanyak 175,000 tan. Untuk tahun 2013
/2014 permintaan sekali lagi melebihi pengeluaran dan defisit dunia
iaitu sekitar 115,000 tan, berikutan La Nina dijangka bermula dari
Julai 2014.

Kita kini memasuki satu tempoh defisit biji koko dunia di mana
permintaan melebihi pengeluaran dan mungkin akan mencapai
tahap sama sekitar 2020. Harga biji koko dijangka akan tetap
setinggi US$3,664 menjelang 2019 menurut unjuran ICCO

Tukaran Matawang (11/06/2014) - 1 US$ = RM3.20
www.koko.gov.my
Palm oil prices set for a
volatile 2013 in
oversupplied market

Palm oil prices are set to start 2013 on a
sour note as record high stocks and
rising output in South-East Asia
overwhelm already weak demand, while
regulatory uncertainty in top buyers India
and China adds to the gloomy outlook.
Palm Oil Prices Poised
To Go Down in Surplus
Market

02/04/2013 (Hindu Business Line) -
Crude palm oil prices have been under
intense downward pressure for last
several months.

From a supply perspective, Indonesian
production is likely to remain strong for
the next three years at least; and any
slowdown will not materialise until about
2016. CPO production in the worlds
largest producing country is set to
expand by at least 2 million tonnes (mt)
each year next 4-5 years because of
new plantings that were undertaken in
2007-10.


www.koko.gov.my
Rubber May Take Crown
as King of Ivory Coast's
Economy

The Government's target is to produce
up to 600,000 tonnes by the end of
2020. In 2011, about 318,000 hectares
of land area was dedicated to rubber, up
from 304,000 hectares a year earlier.



Cocoa giving way to
rubber in Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast, the world's top cocoa
producer, is witnessing a rubber
boom. According to media reports,
farmers are felling their aging cocoa
trees to plant rubber which brings higher
earnings to them. The country's rubber
output has climbed to a record 234,000
tonnes in 2011, from 183,000 tonnes in
2007, according to IRSG


www.koko.gov.my
Global cocoa prices could more than double by
2020 if output lags - Petra

By Michael Taylor
JAKARTA, March 26 (Reuters) - Global cocoa prices could more than double by
2020, rallying to a level last seen 36 years ago, if production fails to catch up with
demand, a director at Singapore-based Petra Foods PEFO.SI said on Tuesday.

Global output needs to hit at least 4 million tonnes by 2020, which is 1 million more
than now, to prevent a spike in cocoa prices, he said at the Asia Choco Congress in
Jakarta.
Petra Foods was the worlds third largest supplier of cocoa ingredients before it sold
its cocoa business to Swiss chocolate maker Barry Callebaut BARN.S in a deal
announced in December.

www.koko.gov.my
ICCO sees global cocoa deficit in next four year

Revises up 2012/13 deficit to 86,000 T
Sees demand exceeding supply by 50,000-60,000 T in next 4 yrs
Robust demand seen from China

KUALA LUMPUR, Oct 7 (Reuters) - The global cocoa market will be in deficit in the
next four years, a top official of the International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) said,
underscoring the impact of rising consumption in Asia and supply problems.

The ICCO, which groups producers and consumers, revised up its global cocoa
deficit estimated in the crop year ending September 2013 to 86,000 tonnes from
52,000 tonnes previously. The new cocoa crop year has started in October.
"We are still going to be in a deficit for the next four years, but closer to 50,000 to
60,000 tones," ICCO executive director Jean-Marc Anga told Reuters on Monday
on the sidelines of a cocoa conference.

www.koko.gov.my
PROSPEK HARGA 2013/2014

PENGELUARAN 2013/14
Cote dIvoire - menurun 0.4%
Ghana - menurun 3.3%
Indonesia menurun 4.4%
ICCO menurun 2.4%

PERMINTAAN 2013/14
ICCO meningkat 1.1%

STRUKTUR EKONOMI 2013/14
ICCO DEFISIT 115,000 tan

Sumber : ICCO Quarterly Bulletin
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jul Aug Sep
R
M
/
T
o
n
n
e

London, Tawau and Raub Prices
(Jan-Oct 2013)
Raub Tawau London
www.koko.gov.my
13
KENAPA PENGELUARAN BIJI KOKO
DIRAMAL TURUN?
(60%>26 Tahun)
KURANGNYA PENANAMAN BARU
MASALAH PENYAKIT & PEROSAK
Buah Hitam & CSSV (West African)
CPB (Malaysia & Indonesia)
Witches Broom & Monilia disease (Latin America)
Sumber : ADM
www.koko.gov.my
KAWASAN TANAMAN KOKO
www.koko.gov.my
Negara
Pengeluaran Kadar
Pertumbuhan Tahunan
Thailand 9.96 %
Indonesia 8.11 %
Philippines 5.26 %
Colombia 4.92 %
Papua New Guinea 3.92 %
Peru 2.50 %
Malaysia 1.64 %
Ecuador 1.00 %
KAWASAN TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT
Senario Pengeluaran Koko Malaysia
36,500 Tonnes
(1980)
247,000 Tonnes
(1990)
2,809 Tonnes
(2013)
6,000 Tonnes
(1980)
285,608 Tonnes
(2013)
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
1
9
8
0
1
9
8
1
1
9
8
2
1
9
8
3
1
9
8
4
1
9
8
5
1
9
8
6
1
9
8
7
1
9
8
8
1
9
8
9
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
1
1
9
9
2
1
9
9
3
1
9
9
4
1
9
9
5
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
8
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
2
0
0
9
2
0
1
0
2
0
1
1
2
0
1
2
2
0
1
3
T
o
n
n
e
s
Production Grindings
www.koko.gov.my
Perangkaan Industri Koko Di Malaysia
Maklumat 2010 2011 2012 2013e
Keluasan (ha)
Semenanjung Malaysia
Sabah
Sarawak
20,083
4,287
7,108
8,688
20,848
4,307
6,983
9,557
11,748
2,812
4,120
4,816
13,728
3,127
5,050
5,551
Pekebun Kecil 14,785 16,255 9,026 11,026
Estet 24 22 9 8
Biji Koko Kering/Ha (kg) 1,275 331 434 284
Pendapatan Kasar (RM/Ha) 1,688 936 652 584
Pengeluaran (tan) 15,654 4,605 3,645 2,809
Purata Harga Tahunan
Harga RM/tan (SMC 2)
- Tawau
- Raub


8,466
9,331


8,081
8,553


6,511
6,851


6,314
6,442
Pendapatan Eksport (RM 000) 4,189,465 4,215,435 3,690,221 3,625,151
Pengisaran (tan) 302,366 299,271 299,525 285,608
Nilai Import (RM 000) 3,679,687 3,973,023 3,598,208 3,424,110
www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
Kepentingan Pengisaran (CMG)
Bermula 2012 - Malaysia telah maju dan berkembang sehingga
menjadi pengisar kelima terbesar di dunia walau pun dengan
pengeluaran biji koko yang sikit, CMG perlu mencari jalan dengan
mengimport biji koko. Program SPS bukan sahaja di Malaysia
tetapi juga dilaksanakan di Afrika dan baru sahaja tamat. Ini
sepatutnya menggalakkan penambahbaikan dalam memastikan
pematuhan kepada keperluan-keperluan SPS

Maklumat tentang pelaksanaan program ini boleh didapati dalam
laman web ICCO termasuk satu laporan lengkap mengenai
program tersebut. Bagi mencapai visi Malaysia untuk menjadi
Raja Choklat Asia dalam bahagian hiliran pemprosesan koko,
bantuan dan kerjasama semua sektor dalam negara ini diperlukan
dan SPS adalah salah satu tujuan utama program cocoasafe ini



Kawasan Penanaman Koko Di Malaysia
www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
Sources : DOA Malaya (1956) ; DOA North Borneo (1959, 1961) ; DOA Sabah (1966, 1971, 1976)
DOS Malaysia (1988); MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).

Tahun
Kawasan Penanaman Koko (hektar)
Semenanjung Sabah Sarawak Malaysia
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1989
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
265
577
761
3,362
17,587
57,345
106,932
138,773
137,931
47,704
15,142
8,894
9,085
6,724
6,196
3,662
3,920
4,051
31
1,170
2,374
4,019
9,823
57,984
172,713
205,260
179,648
113,691
51,810
21,591
18,545
17,890
8,876
6,260
6,809
6,935
-
-
-
-
2,870
8,526
24,252
70,203
75,886
28,732
8,814
2,913
3,752
4,617
5,630
7,415
8,688
9,557
296
1,747
3,135
7,381
30,280
123,855
303,897
414,236
393,465
190,127
75,766
33,398
31,382
29,231
20,702
17,338
19,417
20,544
Kawasan Penanaman Koko Malaysia
(mengikut Wilayah)
www.koko.gov.my
Kawasan Penanaman Koko Malaysia
(mengikut Wilayah)
Sources : DOA Malaya (1956) ; DOA North Borneo (1959, 1961) ; DOA Sabah (1966, 1971,
1976) DOS Malaysia (1988); MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).
www.koko.gov.my
Pengeluaran Biji Koko Kering Malaysia
(mengikut wilayah)
Sources : DOS Malaysia (1988)* ; MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).

Year
Dried cocoa bean production (tonnes)
Pen. Msia Sabah Sarawak Malaysia
1970
1975
1980
1985
1989
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
-
-
22,678
32,616
80,000
80,800
34,073
22,536
11,121
15,259
21,871
21,067
13,213
10,654
2,040
2,000*
13,000*
12,358
65,395
143,000
145,000
91,953
44,546
14,570
14,818
11,474
5,475
3,688
3,673
1,754
-
-
1,464
9,989
20,000
21,200
5,449
3,180
2,273
1,860
1,835
1,413
1,251
1,327
811
2,000*
13,000*
36,500
108,000
243,000
247,000
131,475
70,262
27,964
31,937
35,180
27,955
18,152
15,654
4,605
www.koko.gov.my
Pengeluaran Biji Koko Kering Malaysia
(mengikut wilayah)
Sources : DOS Malaysia (1988)* ; MCB (1992, 2001a, 2008a, 2012).
www.koko.gov.my
Harga Harga Biji Koko Kering Malaysia
(mengikut wilayah)
Sources : www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
Kawasan Penanaman Koko Di Malaysia
Mengikut Wilayah Dan Sektor Tahun 1988, 2007 dan 2011
Source: MCB (2008a, 2012).
* Figure in parenthesis denotes percentage of cocoa cultivated area by sector.

Wilayah
Keluasan Tanaman Koko (hektar)
1988 2007 2011
Pekebun
Kecil
Estet Jumlah
Pekebun
Kecil
Estet Jumlah
Pekebun
Kecil
Estet Jumlah
Smjg
90,441
(64%)*
51,309
(36%)
141,750
5,948
(88%)
776
(12%)
6,724
3,827
(95%)
224
(5%)
4,051
Sarawak
58,712
(95%)
2,932
(5%)
61,644
4,617
(100%)
0
(0%)
4,617
9,557
(100%)
0 9,557
Sabah
57,393
(28%)
147,073
(72%)
204,466
14,197
(79%)
3,693
(21%)
17,890
6,079
(88%)
856
(12%)
6,935
Malaysia
206,546
(51%)
201,314
(49%)
407,860
24,762
(85%)
4,469
(15%)
29,231
19,464
(95%)
1,080
(5%)
20,544
www.koko.gov.my
Purata Produktiviti Tanaman Koko
Malaysia (mengikut sektor)
Source: 1. MCB (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001b, 2002, 2003, 2004a, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008c).
2. MCB (2001a, 2008a).
* Estimated from the relevant data in MCB (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001b, 2002, 2003, 2004a, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008c).

Tahun
Purata Produktiviti (kg/ha)
Estet
1
Pekebun Kecil
*
Malaysia
2

1990 - - 628
1995 - - 692
1996 761 689 716
1997 805 759 756
1998 864 747 770
1999 864 838 835
2000 815 1,000 939
2001 921 1,087 1,013
2002 734 1,156 999
2003 527 962 809
2004 600 881 807
2005 534 946 841
2006 429 1,205 1,068
2007 438 1,544 1,396
2008 316 2,033 1,721
2009 329 1,914 1,668
2010 340 1,440 1,330
www.koko.gov.my
Kekangan dan Senario Semasa
Penanaman koko lazimnya menjadi satu tanaman penting untuk
pekebun kecil di mana :

(1) keperluan buruh yang lebih banyak berbanding dengan sawit
dan satu pendapatan lebih baik

(2) keperluan untuk teknologi dan pengetahuan serta kemahiran
pengurusan

(3) merupakan pertanian intensif dan pengoptimuman ialah 4-6
ha setiap ladang

(4) Bukan sahaja dalam pembangunan modal insan, keperluan
untuk berpengetahuan, penggunaan pendekatan panduan dan
pengendalian betul serta storan racun perosak dalam ladang
dan SPS ialah maklumat kritikal di mana pekebun dan semua
pihak berkaitan mesti mengambil perhatian.
www.koko.gov.my
Kekangan dan Senario Semasa

(5) Memastikan pengeluaran mencapai permintaan dalam
negara dan sepatutnya mempunyai pembekalan bahan-bahan
mentah kepada pengisar-pengisar.

(6) Pengeluaran tidak seharusnya tamat hanya sebagai bahan-
bahan mentah (biji koko kering) dengan pengetahuan teknologi-
teknologi terkini yang sedia ada tetapi sepatutnya berkembang
lebih kepada pengeluaran produk akhir seperti coklat dalam
komuniti.

(7) Konsep pembangunan kelompok dan industri kecil dan
sederhana akan mempunyai ladang yang mengemukakan
rantaian makanan dalam komuniti.
Ringkasan Klon Terpilih
Di Pusat Penyelidikan Dan Pembangunan LKM
No. Klon
Potensi Hasil
Buah Koko Kering Koko Kering
(bil/pkk/thn) (kg/pkk/thn) (tan/ha/thn)
1 KKM 26 38.1 1.40 1.76
2 KKM 27 38.9 1.70 1.86
3 KKM 1 39.3 2.15 3.93
4 KKM 19 40.0 1.90 2.70
5 KKM 15 40.5 1.60 2.41
6 KKM 17 41.9 2.10 2.26
7 KKM 28 45.6 1.92 2.31
8 KKM 3 47.0 2.10 2.11
9 KKM 22 48.3 2.01 2.42
10 KKM 4 51.5 2.10 2.04
11 KKM 5 52.1 2.43 2.02
12 KKM 2 53.3 1.90 3.56
13 KKM 6 62.2 2.24 1.99
14 KKM 25 64.9 2.40 2.44
15 PBC 131 24.1 1.30 1.44
www.koko.gov.my
No. Klon
Potensi Hasil
Buah Koko Kering Koko Kering
(bil/pkk/thn) (kg/pkk/thn) (tan/ha/thn)
16 PBC 113 26.5 1.35 1.50
17 PBC 159 26.7 1.41 1.56
18 BAL 244 27.7 1.43 1.59
19 PBC 179 29.8 1.43 1.59
20 PBC 123 30.1 1.31 1.45
21 PBC 112 34.5 1.38 1.53
22 PBC 211 37.6 2.25 2.50
23 PBC 140 37.7 1.51 1.68
24 PBC 130 37.8 1.72 1.91
25 PBC 139 39.1 2.03 2.25
26 PBC 178 41.9 2.03 2.25
27 PBC 137 44.1 2.03 2.25
28 PBC 210 48.2 2.03 2.25
29 PBC 207 49.4 2.03 2.25
30 PBC 208 49.4 2.03 2.25
31 PBC 223 50.6 2.03 2.25
32 PBC 246 51.1 2.25 2.50
33 BAL 209 51.7 2.15 2.39
34 RP 1 43.0 1.80 2.00
35 QH 1003 45.7 1.83 2.03
www.koko.gov.my
No. Klon
Potensi Hasil
Buah Koko Kering Koko Kering
(bil/pkk/thn) (kg/pkk/thn) (tan/ha/thn)
36 QH 37 58.3 2.93 3.15
37 QH 968 59.7 2.68 2.88
38 BR 25 60.4 2.42 2.69
39 QH 326 61.9 3.11 3.35
40 QH 22 69.4 3.24 3.51
41 QH 1176 71.0 2.75 3.06
42 QH 186 78.0 3.08 3.33
43 QH 240 78.1 2.88 3.10
44 QH 1287 79.4 3.29 3.66
45 QH 441 101.2 3.61 3.88
46 MCB C2 46.0 2.63 2.92
47 MCB C4 52.0 2.49 2.77
48 MCB C3 54.0 2.83 3.14
49 MCB C1 62.0 3.23 3.59
50 MCB C5 98.0 5.17 5.74
Dari tahun 2000 ke
atas, klon MCB terpilih
mempunyai saiz biji
yang lebih besar, biji
berat dan faktor-faktor
sedia ada khususnya
kandungan lemak.

Perbandingan pada
buah dan berat biji
kering setiap pokok dan
hasil menunjukkan
produktiviti yang lebih
baik
www.koko.gov.my
MCB ACC55
www.koko.gov.my
MCB ACC55
www.koko.gov.my
KLON MCB (KIRI) PBC 123 (KANAN)
www.koko.gov.my
KLON LKMJ 55 (KIRI) LKMJ 25 (KANAN)
www.koko.gov.my
KLON LKMJ 55 (KIRI) LKMJ 25 (KANAN) www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
Karekteristik Dalam
Klon Komersil Yang
Disyorkan:
Lokasi : LKM Hilir Perak
Tarikh : 17 April 2014
Pemilihan saiz kacang yang besar
dengan berat >1.0g

Pokok dipilih dengan bilangan buah tinggi
> 100/ thn

Bilangan biji setiap buah lebih baik dalam
35

Kandungan kulit koko sekitar 10% dan
lebih rendah

Pokok yang berhasil awal, pengeluaran
tinggi yang konsisten untuk satu tempoh
yang > 30 tahun

www.koko.gov.my
Karekteristik Dalam
Klon Komersil Yang
Disyorkan:
Lokasi : LKM Hilir Perak
Tarikh : 17 April 2014
Pokok - bentuk dan seni bina untuk
kerja mudah : tegak, mudah untuk
penuaian buah tanpa menjejaskan
pengeluaran.

Pemilihan untuk rintangan kepada
serangga perosak dan penyakit

Komposisi / nisbah kandungan lemak
dan serbuk dikaitkan dengan keperluan
industri, permintaan pengguna dan
kejejasan dari segi ekonomi : genting
harga sekarang.
KLON KOKO LKM (MCB)
MALAYSIAN COCOA BOARD
1
ST
SERIES CLONE FEATURES
MCBC 1 MCBC 2 MCBC 3 MCBC 4 MCBC 5
MCBC 14 MCBC 13
MALAYSIAN COCOA BOARD
3
RD
SERIES CLONE FEATURES
MCBC 6 MCBC 7 MCBC 8 MCBC 9
MALAYSIAN COCOA BOARD
2
ND
SERIES CLONE FEATURES
www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
xie-xie
zikomo
stuh-tee
terima kasih
cm n c
urakoze
merci
thank you
ke itumetse
dhanyawaad
mersi
efharist
salamat
asante sana
Assalamualikum
tak

kiitos
danke

grazie


gracias

teekkr ederim

faleminderit
www.koko.gov.my
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Venue: Malaysian Cocoa Board
CRDC Hilir Perak, Perak
Date: 07 17 April 2014
History of
Cocoa varieties
performance in
Malaysia
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The early hybrid planting materials showed
that evaluation by the 5
th
year of production
about 1 ton/ha of dry cocoa beans was
achieved and the yield subsequently was
rather consistent and would fluctuate within a
30% variation as is expected for open field
plantings depending on environmental factors
of sunshine, rain, fertiliser inputs and tree
management.
Clonal planting materials developed showed
that by the 5
th
year production achieved 2
tons/ha and the subsequent years fluctuate
within the same band in view of the
environmental factors expected to interfere.



Dry bean yields of PBC clones at HMPB
PRANG BESAR Research Station, Kajang,
Selangor (1980s onwards)
CLONE 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5Y 6Y 7Y 8Y 9Y 10Y 11Y
PBC 113 337 987 1268 1583 1767 1742 1904 2547 1379 1330 1794
PBC 123 606 808 1552 1842 1833 1513 2007 1469 1451 2078 1879
PBC 130 402 899 1483 1671 2232 2958 3112 2474 1970 1730 2357
PBC 131 460 1086 1354 1448 2203 1782 1490 1496 1657 1925 2556
PBC 127 394 1066 1342 1694 1971 2173 1972 1498 1674 1714 2058
PBC 139 630 874 1540 2100 2246 1584 1469 1275 1581 1843 1800
PBC 140 665 784 1677 2424 2179 1868 1995 1982 1516 1811 2134
PBC 159 322 913 1366 1529 2348 1860 1984 1823 1928 1967 2140
PBC 178 204 512 858 1604 1579 2170 2570 2674 1886 1658 1890
PBC 179 226 840 1042 1683 1817 2075 2106 2192 2348 2098 2414
MEAN 425 877 1348 1758 2018 1973 2061 1943 1739 1815 2102
HYBRID 252 446 688 1012 1085 968 958 891 820 798 904
Source: Chong, CF. (1987). Characteristics of Prang Besar Cocoa Clones. SASS Seminar Palm
Kernel Utilization and Recent Advances in Cocoa Cultivation. 11-13 June 1987, Tawau Sabah.
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Yield performance of some DOA Sabah
clones at Agriculture Research Station,
Quoin Hill Tawau Sabah
CLONE
DRIED BEAN YIELD (kg/ha)
YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 YEAR 6 YEAR 7 MEAN
BR 25 2543 3189 3930 3986 2445 3038 2249 3054
QH 22 2209 2473 3182 3190 2530 2886 2134 2658
QH 441 3561 3729 4371 3020 2274 2897 1981 3119
QH 186 3604 2958 3440 3096 2082 2910 2022 2873
QH 240 2652 2850 3786 2468 1943 3030 2399 2733
QH 37 2507 3348 3885 2767 2689 3649 2493 3048
PBC123 2948 4770 3295 4240 3719 1643 1552 3167
KKM 22 2194 3746 2351 2704 2319 1520 1410 2321
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Graphical presentation of clonal planting
materials selected and evaluated in the
1990s at Quoin Hill Sabah
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 YEAR 6 YEAR 7
K
g
/
H
a

BR 25 QH 22 QH 441 QH 186
QH 240 QH 37 PBC123 KKM 22
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Cocoa clones released officially for
commercial planting in Malaysia
Clone
Pods
(No./tree/yr)
Dry cocoa Beans
(Kg/tree/yr)
Dry cocoa beans
(ton/ha/yr)
Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev
KKM 47.40 8.59 2.00 0.29 2.42 0.62
PBC 38.84 9.50 1.77 0.36 1.97 0.39
QH 67.18 16.00 2.80 0.56 3.05 0.58
MCB 62.40 20.71 3.27 1.10 3.63 1.22
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54
Established Seed
Garden
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55
Nurseri yang disiap untuk
bekalan anak benih koko dan
anak benih cantuman
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56


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Blok 33C/34C in the year 2001 was full of weeds
Kawasan ladang yang tidak terurus dan semak serta tidak produktif yang
ekonomik
Field preparation for planting would need a certain degree of use of
weedicides/herbicides that are quite narrow spectrum such as glyphosate for
grasses and depending on weather conditions systemic or contact herbicides
would be used.The ability to establish shade and subsequent mulching with the
slow removal of extensive shade from early establishment would circumvate the
use of herbicides until excellent mulching obtained by 2
nd
to 3
rd
year there is no
need to use herbicides.
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Gambar Kawasan
Tanaman Koko - klon (Cantuman)
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Gambar Kawasan
Tanaman Koko (Pembaik-baik Koko)
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Gambar Kawasan
Tanaman Koko (Penilaian Koko Hybrid)
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Gambar Kawasan
Tanaman Koko tunggal (Koko & Gliricidia)
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65
Tanaman Kelapa
Matag - Koko
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66
Tanaman Kelapa
MAWA - Koko
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67
Tanaman Malayan Tall -
koko
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Anak benih klon koko yang
ditanam 2000 di blok 1D ladang A
telah mula mengeluarkan hasil
dalam tahun 2004
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Cocoa Planting development Program with smallholders
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Projek ECER, Gua
Musang
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ABORIGINES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT,
Kg. Pendeq Pos Yum, Perak
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xie-xie
zikomo
stuh-tee
terima kasih
cm n c
urakoze
merci
thank you
ke itumetse
dhanyawaad
mersi
efharist
salamat
asante sana
Assalamualikum
tak

kiitos
danke

grazie


gracias

teekkr ederim

faleminderit
www.koko.gov.my
www.koko.gov.my
THANK YOU
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Correlation of dry cocoa bean production
to the clones selected
r = 0.980
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Correlation analysis of the varieties showed an r-value of 0.98;
where 98% of the values can be explained by the dry bean
produced per tree in relation to the clone selected.
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Correlation of productivity to selected
cocoa clones released for planting
r = 0.998
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This indicated that over time improvement in yield is attained
with improved varieties, where the yield co-relationship
determined was 0.998.
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Comparison of bean characteristics in
relation to cocoa clones selected
Clone
Pod value
Dry bean weight
(g)
No. of beans
per pod
Shell content
(%)
Cocoa butter
content (%)
Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev Mean Stdev
KKM 22.26 3.59 1.12 0.09 41.57 8.05 11.11 1.27 55.64 3.41
PBC 21.91 2.63 1.19 0.12 39.44 3.43 15.07 1.62 56.64 1.75
QH 24.17 2.45 1.14 0.17 38.58 3.94 15.91 1.72 53.83 2.95
MCBC 19.14 1.21 1.38 0.08 36.60 1.52 56.20 1.64
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Correlation of average dry bean weight to
the clones selected
r = 0.796
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The average dry bean weight correlation analysis between clones had a lower r-
value of 0.796 suggesting that there is less trait significance with regard to
average bean size. Improvement in precision of data collection can be noted
with decrease in standard deviation of almost all the parameters recorded,
especially for the MCBC Series.