Chapter 2 : Compressible Flow

Enthalpy : h= U+ PV
Stagnation enthalpy:


Stagnation temperature :
v
2
/ 2C
p
is the temperature rise & called dynamic temperature, always
multiply 2*C
p
by 1000 for conversion

Stagnation pressure


Stagnation density


Speed of sound
R = 0.287 but use R= 287 due to conversion

Mach number


Mach Number State
=1 Sonic
<1 Subsonic
>1 Supersonic
>>1 Hypersonic

Transonic





Isentropic Flow of Ideal gas






When Ma= 1, those ratios are called critical:



When converging nozzle with Ma=1


When Pb/P0 > P*/P0 Pe = Pb & flow is unchecked
When Pb/P0 < P*/P0 Pe = Pb & flow is chocked
Chapter 3 : GT cycles


Compression work: CW= wCp( T2-T1)
Turbine work : TW = wCp ( T3- T4 )
Heat input: HI= wCp ( T3-T2)
Useful work: UW= TW CW
Shaft work : SW= UW/w
o SW = 0 when,
T2=T1 // No compression
T2=T3 // No heating
Thermal efficiency :
th
= UW/ HI = 1 T1/T2

Isentropic relations


Isentropic efficiency --- Compressor


Isentropic efficiency ---- Turbine


Poly-tropic Efficiency ---- Compressor


Poly-tropic efficiency ---- Turbine


Combustion efficiency

(T3-T2) is the temperature rise that would have taken place had all the fuel been burnt


where F is the actual fuel flow and F is the fuel that would have achieved the temperature rise if it had been all
burnt




Specific fuel consumption

Useful power= F
N
; FFR = T ( combustion chamber+ reheat)



Jet Engine Thrust
If chocked:

2
nd
part = 0 if nozzle is unchecked






BPR= bypass mass flow rate / core mass flow rate


FFR= HI/FCV
FCV= 43 MJ/Kg