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NTC 2008 Example 002

WIDE FLANGE MEMBER UNDER COMBINED COMPRESSION & BENDING
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
In this example a continuous beam-column is subjected to factored axial load P =
1400 kN, major-axis bending moment M
y
=200 kN-m, and a minor axis bending
moment of M
z
=100 kN-m. This example was tested using the Italian NTC-2008
steel frame design code. The design capacities are compared with independent
hand calculated results.
GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

















L =0.4 m







Material Properties
E = 210x10
3
MPa
v = 0.3
G = 80769 MPa


Loading

P =1400 kN
M
z,top
=100 kN-m
M
z,bot
=-100 kN-m
M
y,top
=200 kN-m
M
y,bot
=0

Design Properties
f
y
=235 MPa
Section: 457x191x98 UB
A A
L P
Y-Axis

M
y,bot


M
y,top


Z-Axis

M
z,top


M
z,bot


Section A-A
Y-Y
Z-Z
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 1
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TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED
Section compactness check (beam-column)
Section compression capacity
Section shear capacity for major & minor axes
Section bending capacity for major & minor axes
Member compression capacity for major & minor axes
Member bending capacity
Interaction capacity, D/C, for major & minor axes
RESULTS COMPARISON

Independent results are taken from hand calculations based on the CSI steel
design documentation contained in the file SFD-NTC-2008.pdf, which is
available through the program Help menu. Examples were taken from Example
6.6 on pp. 57-59 from the book Designers Guide to EN1993-1-1 by R.S.
Narayanan & A. Beeby.





















NTC 2008 Example 002 - 2
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Output Parameter ETABS Independent
Percent
Difference
Compactness Class 2 Class 2 0.00%
Section Compression Resistance,
N
c,Rd
(kN)
2,797.6 2,797.6 0.00%
Buckling Resistance in Compression,
N
byy,Rd
(kN)
2,797.6 2,797.6 0.00%
Buckling Resistance in Compression,
N
bzz,Rd
(kN)
2,797.6 2,797.6 0.00%
Section Plastic Bending Resistance,
M
c,y,Rd
(kN-m)
499.1 499.1 0.00%
Section Plastic Bending Resistance,
M
c,z,Rd
(kN-m)
84.8 84.8 0.00%
Section Bending Resistance Shear Reduced,
M
V,y,Rd
(kN-m)
470.1 470.1 0.00%
Section Bending Resistance Axially Reduced,
M
N,y,Rd
(kN-m)
310.8 310.8 0.00%
Section Bending Resistance Axially Reduced,
M
N,z,Rd
(kN-m)
82.26 82.26 0.00%
Member Bending Resistance,
M
b,Rd
(kN-m)
499.095 499.095 0.00%
Section Shear Resistance,
V
c,y,Rd
(kN)
667.5 667.5 0.00%
Section Shear Resistance,
V
c,z,Rd
(kN)
984.7 984.7 0.00%
Interaction Capacity, D/C 2.044 2.044 0.00%
COMPUTER FILE: NTC 2008 EX002
CONCLUSION
The results show an exact comparison with the independent results.
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 3
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HAND CALCULATION

Properties:
Material: S275 Steel
E = 210,000 MPa
G = 80,769 MPa
f
y
= 235 MPa
Section: 457x191x98 UB
A = 12,500 mm
2
b = 192.8 mm, t
f
= 19.6 mm, h = 467.2 mm, t
w
= 11.4 mm, r = 0 mm
2 467.2 2 19.6 428mm
w f
h h t = = =
( ) ( ) 2 467.2 2 19.6 0 428mm
f
d h t r = + = + =
2 192.8 11.4 2 0
90.7mm
2 2
w
b t r
c

= = =
W
pl,y
= 2,230,000 mm
3

W
pl,z
= 379,000 mm
3

r
yy
= 191.3 mm
r
zz
= 43.3331 mm
I
zz
= 23,469,998 mm
4

12 6
1.176 10 mm
w
I =
I
T
= 1,210,000 mm
4

Member:
L = L
b
= L
unbraced
= 400 mm
K
yy
= 1.0, K
zz
= 1.0
Other:
0
1.05
M
=
1
1.05
M
=
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 4
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Loadings:
1400kN P = axial load
1
100kN-m
z
M

=
2
100kN-m
z
M

=
1
200kN-m
y
M

=
2
0kN-m
y
M

=
Results in the following internal forces:
1400kN
Ed
N =
,
200kN-m
y Ed
M =
,
100kN-m
z Ed
M =
,
500kN-m
y Ed
V =
,
0kN-m
z Ed
V =

Section Compactness:
235 235
1
235
y
f
= = =
1
1 1 1
2 2
Ed
w y
N
ht f
| |
=
|
|
\ .

1 1,400,000
1 2.7818 1,
2 2 467.2 11.4 235
so
| |
= = >
|

\ .

1.0 =

Localized Buckling for Flange:
For the tip in compression under combined bending & compression
.1
9 9 1
9
1
cl

= = =

NTC 2008 Example 002 - 5
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90.7
4.63
19.6
e
f
c
t
= = =
.1
4.63 9
e cl
= < =
So Flange is Class 1 in combined bending and compression
Localized Buckling for Web:
0.5, so >
.1
396 396 1
33.00
13 1 13 1 1
cl

= = =

for combined bending & compression
428
37.54
11.4
e
w
d
t
= = =
.1
37.54 33.00
e cl
= > =
.2
456 456 1
38.00
13 1 13 1 1
cl

= = =


.2
37.54 38.00
e cl
= < =
So Web is Class 2 in combined bending & compression.
Since Web is Class 2, Section is Class 2 in combined bending & compression.

Section Compression Capacity
, ,
0
12,500 235
1.05
y
c Rd pl Rd
M
Af
N N

= = =

,
2,797.6kN
c Rd
N =

Section Shear Capacity
For major y-y axis
( ) ( )
,
2 2 12,500 2 192.8 19.6 19.6 11.4 2 0
V y f f w
A A bt t t r = + + = + +
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 6
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2
,
5,165.7mm
V y
A =
, ,
0
235
5,165.7
3 1.05 3
y
c y Rd vy
M
f
V A = =

, ,
667.5kN
c y Rd
V =

For minor z-z axis
2
,
12,500 428 11.4 7,620.8mm
V z w w
A A h t = = =
, ,
0
235
7,620.8
3 1.05 3
y
c z Rd vy
M
f
V A = =

, ,
984.7kN
c z Rd
V =
1.0 =
428 72 235 72 235
37.5 72
11.4 1.0 235
w
w y
h
t f
= = < = =

So no shear buckling needs to be checked.

Section Bending Capacity
For major y-y axis
,
, , , ,
0
2,230,000 235
1.05
pl y y
c y Rd pl y Rd
M
W f
M M

= = =

, ,
499.1kN-m
c y Rd
M =

For minor z-z axis
,
, , , ,
0
379,000 235
1.05
pl z y
c z Rd pl z Rd
M
W f
M M

= = =

, ,
84.8kN-m
c z Rd
M =
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 7
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With Shear Reduction
For major y-y axis
, , ,
500kN 0.5 333.7kN
y Ed c y Rd
V V = > = Shear Reduction is needed
2
467.2 11.4 4,879.2mm
v w
A ht = = =
2
2
,
2 2 500
1 1 0.2482
667.5
Ed
c Rd
V
V
| |
| |
= = =
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

2 2
,
, , , ,
0
0.1525 4879.2
2,230,000 235
4 4 11.4
1.05
v
pl y yk
w
y V Rd y c Rd
M
A
W f
t
M M
( (

( (

= =

, ,
470.1kN-m
V r Rd
M =


For minor z-z axis
, , ,
0kN 0.5
z Ed c z Rd
V V = < No shear Reduction is needed

With Compression Reduction
,
1400
0.50
2797.6
Ed
pl Rd
N
n
N
= = =
2
12,500 2 192.8 19.6
0.40 0.5
12,500
f
A bt
a
A

= = =

For major y-y axis
, , , ,
1 1 0.5
499.1
1 0.5 1 0.5 0.4
N y Rd pl y Rd
n
M M
a

= =


, ,
310.8kN-m
N y Rd
M =

NTC 2008 Example 002 - 8
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For minor z-z axis
n a <
2 2
, , , ,
0.5 0.4
1 84.8 1
1 1 0.4
N z Rd pl z Rd
n a
M M
a
( (
| | | |
= =
( (
| |

\ . \ .
( (


, ,
82.26kN-m
N z Rd
M =


Member Compression Capacity:
Non-Dimensional Slenderness Ratio:
Steel is S235
467.2
2.4 1.2
192.8
f
h
b
= = >
and
19.6mm 40mm
f
t = <
So we should use the Buckling Curve a for the z-z axis and Buckling Curve b
for they-y axis (NTC 2008, Table 4.2.VI).

Y-Y Axis Parameters:
For buckling curve a, 0.21 = (NTC 2008, Table 4.2 VI)
1.00
y
K =
,
,
400
1 400 400mm, 2.091
191.3
cr y
cr y y y
y
L
L K L
r
= = = = =
( )
2 2
, 2 2
210,000
5,925,691kN
12,500 2.091
cr y
y y
y
E
N
K L
A
r

= = =
| |
|
|
\ .

,
12,500 235
0.022
5,925,691
y
y
cr y
Af
N

= = =
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 9
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( )
( )
2
2
0.5 1 0.2 0.5 1 0.21 0.022 0.2 0.022 y y
y y
(
( = + + = + +

(


0.482
y
=
Stress Reduction Factor:
2 2 2
2
1 1
1.0388
0.482 0.482 0.022
y
y
y y
= = =
+
+

1.0388 1.0, 1.0
y y
so = > =
,
1
1.0 12,500 235
1.05
y y
byy Rd
M
Af
N


= =

,
2,797.6kN
byy Rd
N =
Z-Z Axis Parameters:
For buckling curve b, 0.34 = (NTC 2008, Table 4.2 VI)
1.00
z
K =
,
,
400
1 400 400mm, 9.231
43.33
cr z
cr z z z
z
L
L K L
r
= = = = =
( )
2 2
, 2 2
210,000
304,052kN
12,500 9.231
cr z
z z
z
E
N
K L
A
r

= = =
| |
|
\ .

,
12,500 235
0.098
304,052
y
z
cr z
Af
N

= = =
( )
( )
2
2
0.5 1 0.2 0.5 1 0.34 0.098 0.2 0.098 z z
z z
(
( = + + = + +

(


0.488
z
=
Stress Reduction Factor:
2 2 2
2
1 1
1.0362
0.488 0.488 0.098
z
z
z z
= = =
+
+

NTC 2008 Example 002 - 10
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1.0362 1.0, 1.0
z z
so = > =
,
1
1.0 12,500 235
1.05
z y
bzz Rd
M
Af
N


= =

,
2,797.6kN
bzz Rd
N =

Member Bending Capacity:
467.2
2.4 2
192.8
f
h
b
= = >
So we should use the Buckling Curve c for lateral-torsional buckling (NTC
2008, Table 4.2.VII).
0.49
LT
=
,0 0.4 LT = (default for rolled section)
0.75 = (default for rolled section)

2 1
0, 200kN-m
B y A y
M M M M

= = = =
2
2
0 0
1.75 1.05 0.3 1.75 1.05 0.3 1.75
200 200
B B
A A
M M
M M
| |
| |
= + = + =
| |
\ .
\ .


Corrective Factor is determined from NTC 2008, Table 4.2 VIII
1 1
1.329
1.33 0.33 1.33 0.33 1.75
c
k = = =



( )
( )
2
2
,
2 2
,
cr z T
w z
cr
z z
cr z
L GI
I EI
M
I EI
L
| |

|
= +
|
\ .

NTC 2008 Example 002 - 11
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2 12 2
2 2
210,000 23,469,998 1.176 10 400 80,769 1,210,000
1.75
400 23,469,998 210,000 23,469,998
cr
M
| |
= +
|

\ .

119,477,445,900N-mm
cr
M =

,
2,230,000 235
0.066
119,477,445,900
pl y y
LT
cr
W f
M

= = =
( )
( )
2
2
,0 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.49 0.066 0.4 0.75 0.066 LT LT LT
LT LT
(
( = + + = + +

(

0.420
LT
=

( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
1 0.5 1 1 2 0.8 1 0.5 1 1.329 1 2 0.066 0.8 0.987 LT
c
f k
(
(
= = =
(


2
2 2
1 1 1 1
1.0
LT
LT
LT LT LT
or
f f
| |
=
|
+ + \ .

2
2 2
1 1 1 1
1.0
0.987 0.066 0.987
0.420 0.420 0.75 0.066
LT
or
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
+ +

( ) 1.2118 1.0 230.9
LT
or =
so
1.0
LT
=

, ,
1
235
1.0 2,230,000
1.05
y
b Rd LT pl y
M
f
M W = =

,
499.095kN-m
b Rd
M =

Interaction Capacity: Compression & Bending
Section Bending & Compression Capacity
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 12
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Formula NTC 4.2.39
2 5
2 5 0.5
, ,
, , , ,
200 100
0.414 1.630
310.8 82.3
n
y Ed z Ed
N y Rd N z Rd
M M
D
C M M

( (
( (
= + = + = +
( (
( (
( (


2.044
D
C
= (Governs)

Member Bending & Compression Capacity: Method B
k factors used are taken from the software, and determined from Method 2 in
Annex B of Eurocode 3.
0.547
yy
k =
0.479
yz
k =
0.698
zy
k =
0.798
zz
k =

Formula NTC 4.2.37
, ,
, ,
1 1 1
y Ed z Ed
Ed
yy yz
y yk pl y yk pl z yk
LT
M M M
M M
N D
k k
Af W f W f
C
= + +

= + +

1,400 200 100

0.547 0.479
1 12,500 235 2,230,000 235 379,000 235
1
1.05 1.05 1.05
D
C

0.5 0.22 0.56
D
C
= + +
1.284
D
C
=

NTC 2008 Example 002 - 13
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Formula NTC 4.2.38
, ,
, ,
1 1 1
y Ed z Ed
Ed
zy zz
z yk pl y yk pl z yk
LT
M M M
M M
N D
k k
Af W f W f
C
= + +

1,400 200 100
0.698 0.798
1 12,500 235 2,230,000 235 379,000 235
1
1.05 1.05 1.05
D
C
= + +

0.5 0.28 0.941
D
C
= + +
1.721
D
C
=

NTC 2008 Example 002 - 14