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Lecture 19
Lecture 19
A
dA
MEC1193 - Statics 11
Radius of Gyration of an Area
For a given area A and its MoI, I
x
,
imagine that the entire area is located at
distance k
x
from the x axis.
2
Then, I
x
= k
x
A or k
x
= ( I
x
/ A). This
k
x
is called the radius of gyration of the
area about the x axis. Similarly;
k
Y
= ( I
y
/ A ) and k
O
= ( J
O
/ A )
The radius of gyration has units of length and gives an indication
of the spread of the area from the axes. This characteristic is
important when designing columns.
A
k
x
x
y
MEC1193 - Statics 12
Moment of Inertia for an Area by Integration
For simplicity, the area element used has a
differential size in only one direction
(dx or dy). This results in a single integration
and is usually simpler than doing a double
integration with two differentials, dxdy.
The step-by-step procedure is:
1. Choose the element dA: There are two choices: a vertical strip or a
horizontal strip. Some considerations about this choice are:
a) The element parallel to the axis about which the MoI is to be
determined usually results in an easier solution. For example,
we typically choose a horizontal strip for determining I
x
and a
vertical strip for determining I
y
.
MEC1193 - Statics 13
b) If y is easily expressed in terms of x
(e.g., y = x
2
+ 1), then choosing a
vertical strip with a differential element
dx wide may be advantageous.
2. Integrate to find the MoI. For example, given the element shown in
the figure above:
I
y
= x
2
dA = x
2
y dx and
I
x
= d I
x
= d I
x
+ dA y = 1/12 dx y
3
+ y dx (y/2)
2
= (1/3) y
3
dx
Since in this case the differential element is dx, y needs to be
expressed in terms of x and the integral limit must also be in terms of
x. As you can see, choosing the element and integrating can be
challenging. It may require a trial and error approach plus
experience.
Moment of Inertia for an Area by Integration
MEC1193 - Statics 14
Example 1
Given: The shaded area shown in the
figure.
Find: The MoI of the area about the
x- and y-axes.
Plan: Follow the steps given earlier.
(x,y)
4 cm
4 cm
MEC1193 - Statics 15
Solution
I
x
= y
2
dA
dA = (4 x) dy = (4 y
2
/4) dy
I
x
=
O
y
2
(4 y
2
/4) dy
= [ (4/3) y
3
(1/20) y
5
]
0
= 34.1 cm
4
4
4
(x,y)
4 cm
4 cm
MEC1193 - Statics 16
Solution
I
y
= x
2
dA = x
2
y dx
= x
2
(2 x) dx
= 2
0
x
2.5
dx
= [ (2/3.5) x
3.5
]
0
= 73.1 cm
4
In the above example, it will be difficult to determine I
y
using
a horizontal strip. However, I
x
in this example can be
determined using a vertical strip. So,
I
x
= (1/3) y
3
dx = (1/3) (2x)
3
dx .
(x,y)
4 cm
4 cm
MEC1193 - Statics 17
Example 2
Given: The shaded area shown.
Find: I
x
and I
y
of the area.
Plan: Follow the steps described
earlier.
(x,y)
MEC1193 - Statics 18
Solution
I
x
= (1/3) y
3
dx
=
0
(1/3) x dx = [x
2
/ 6 ]
0
= 10.7 cm
4
8 8
(x,y)
MEC1193 - Statics 19
Solution
I
Y
= x
2
dA = x
2
y dx
= x
2
( x
(1/3)
dx
=
0
x
(7/3)
dx
= [(3/10) x
(10/3)
]
0
= 307 cm
4
8
8
(x,y)