API 560

3, 2001


API

API


( DSX
API

API 5
API Washington, D.C. 20005
API
API
.

API

API
API API
API


API

API DC


1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

2.
2.1
2.2
2.3

3.
3.1
3.2
3.3

4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

5.
5.1
5.2
5.3

6.
6.1

6.2
6.3

7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6

8.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5

9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7

10.
10.1
10.2
10.3

11.
11.1
11.2
11.3

11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
11.20
11.21
11.22
11.23
11.24

12.
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4

13.
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7

14.
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5

A
B
C
D
E
E,A
F
F,A
F,B
F,C
F,D
(F.3.2.2)
F,E
(F.3.2.3)
F.F

1
2
3
4
5
6
D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4
D-5

()

ASTM A 216, Grade WCB

ASTM A 283, Grade C
2 Cr - 1Mo ASTM A 217, Grade WC9
2 Cr - 1Mo ASTM A 387, Grade 22, Class 1
5 Cr Mo ASTM A 217, Grade C5

D-6
D-7
D-8
D-9
D-10
D-11
D-12
D-13
E-1
E-2
E-3
E-4
E-5
E-6
E-7
E-8
E-9
E-10
E.A-1
E.A-2

5 Cr Mo ASTM A 387, Grade 5, Class 1

19 Cr 9 Ni ASTM A 297, Grade HF
304H ASTM A 240, Type 304H
25 Cr 12 Ni ASTM A 447, Grade HH, Type II
309H ASTM A 240, Type 309H
ASTM A 351, Grade HK 40
310H ASTM A 240, Type 310H
50 Cr 50 Ni ASTM A560, Grade 50 Cr 50 Ni Cb

(L/D)

()
(
Attig and Sendor)
E.A-3 (
Energy Technology, Inc.)
F-1
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F.B-1 H2O, CO, CO2 SO2
F.B-2 O2 N2

1
2
3
4

ASTM

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
D-1
E-1
E-2
E-3
E.A-1
F-1

180

D-1 D-13


1
1.1
1.1.1

1.1.2 ( )
/
(*) .
( A)
( B)
1.2

1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.4
1.4.1 air heater or air preheater :

1.4.1.1 direct air preheater :


1.4.1.2 indirect-type air preheater :

1.4.2 arch :
1.4.3 atomizer :

1.4.4 anchor or tieback :

1.4.5 backup layer :
1.4.6 balanced draft heater :
1.4.7 breeching :

1.4.8 bridgewall, division or gravity wall :

1.4.9 bridgewall temperature :
1.4.10 burner () :

1.4.11 casing :
1.4.12 castable :
1.4.13 ceramic fiber :

1.4.14 coil pressure drop :

1.4.15 convection section : convection

1.4.16 corbel :

1.4.17 corrosion allowance :

1.4.18 corrosion rate :
()
1.4.19 crossover :
1.4.20 damper : .

1.4.21 draft : () .
()
1.4.22 draft loss :
1.4.23 duct :
1.4.24 efficiency, fuel :
()
1.4.25 efficiency, thermal :
(LHV)
1.4.26 erosion :
1.4.27 excess air :
1.4.28 extended surface :
1.4.29 extension ratio :
1.4.30 flue gas :
1.4.31 forced draft heater :
1.4.32 fouling allowance :
() fouled pressure drop

1.4.33 fouling resistance : inside fouling

resistance external fouling resistance

1.4.34 guillotine or isolation blind :

1.4.35 header or return bend : 180 2

1.4.36 header box :

header manifold
1.4.37 heat absorption : MW (BTU/h)
1.4.38 heat flux density, average :

kW/m2 ( BTU/h/ft2)
1.4.39 heat flux density, maximum :
1.4.40 heat release :
MW (BTU/h)
1.4.41 heating value, higher (HHV) : . 15C (60F)
kJ//kg kJ/Nm3 (BTU/lb BTU/scf)
1.4.42 heat valve, lower (LHV) :
kJ/kg kJ/ Nm3 (BTU/lb BTU/scf)
1.4.43 hot face layer :
1.4.44 hot face temperature :

1.4.45 induced draft heater :

1.4.46 jump over :

1.4.47 manifold :
1.4.48 metal fiber reinforcement :
1.4.49 monolithic lining :
1.4.50 mortar :
1.4.51 multi component :

1.4.52 multi layer lining :

1.4.53 natural draft heater :
1.4.54 normal heat release :
MW (BTU/h)

1.4.55 pass or stream :

1.4.56 pilot :
1.4.57 plenum or windbox :
1.4.58 plug header :

1.4.59 pressure design code : ( API Standard 530)

1.4.60 pressure drop : static
head
1.4.61 primary air :
1.4.62 protective coating : ( )

1.4.63 radiant section :

1.4.64 radiation or setting loss : (
)
1.4.65 secondary air :
1.4.66 setting or refractory setting :
1.4.67 shield section or shock section :
1.4.68 sootblower :

1.4.69 stack :
1.4.70 strakes or spoilers : von
Karman
1.4.71 structural design code : ( AISC, M011 AISC S302)
1.4.72 target wall or re-radiation wall :
1.4.73 temperature allowance : ()


1.4.74 terminal :
1.4.75 tube guide :
1.4.76 tube retainer :
1.4.77 tube support or tube sheet :
1.4.78 vapor barrier :
1.4.79 volumetric heat release :
(BTU/h/ft3)

1.5

1
2
1 2 1C
2A , 2B 2C 1D 2A 2D
3
4 , 5 6

1.6
1.6.1
.

1.6.2

API
Std 530
Calculation of Heater Tube Thickness in Petroleum Refineries
Std 611
General-Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Services
1
AISC
Specification for Design, Fabrication, and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings
ANSI/ASCE2
7-98
Minimum Design Loads for buildings and Others Structures
ANSI/ASCE3
D 1.1
Structural Welding Code
4
ASME
B.31.3
Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping
Section I,II,VIII Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section V
Non Destructive Examination
Section IX
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
5
ICBO
Uniform Building Code
1. American Institute for Steel Construction
2. American Society of Civil Engineers

3. American Welding Society

4. American Society of Mechanical Engineers
5. International Conference of Building Officials

1.7
1.7.1
ABMA8
Standard 9
Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Ball Bearings
9
ANSI/AMCA
99-86
Standards Handbook
99-2404-78
Drive Arrangements for Centrifugal fans
201
Fans and Systems
203
Field Performance Measurement of Fan System
210
Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans For Rating
801
Industrial Process/Power Generation Fans Specification Guidelines
802
Industrial Process/Power Generation Fans Establishing Performance using Laboratory models
803
Industrial Process/Power Generation Fans Site Performance Test Standard
10
ASM
Metals Handbook, Volume 3, Properties and Selection : Stainless Steels, Tool Materials and Special-Purpose Metals
ASTM11
All materials used in the construction of fired heaters shall comply with appropriate ASTM material specifications.
DS5
Report on the elevated-Temperature Properties of Stainless Steels
DS 5S2
An Evaluation of the Yield, Tensile, Creep, and rupture Strengths of Wrought 304, 316, 321 and 347
Stainless Steels at Elevated Temperatures
DS6
Report on the elevated Temperature Properties of Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
DS 6S2
Supplemental Report on the Elevated Temperature Properties of Chromium Molybdenum steels
DS 11S1
An Evaluation of the elevated Temperature Tensile and Creep-Rupture Properties of Wrought Carbon
Steel
DS 58
Evaluation of the Elevated Temperature Tensile and Creep-Rupture Properties of 3 to 9 Percent
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
E94
Standard Guide for Radiographic Testing
E125
Standard Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings (R-1993)
E142
Standard Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing
E165
Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
E433
Standard Reference Photographs for liquid Penetrant Inspection
E446
Standard Referance Radiographs for Casings
E709
Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
NFPA12
NFPA 70
National Electrical Code
13
SFSA

Steel Castin gs Handbook

8. American Bearing Manufacturing Association
9. Air Movement & Control Association
10. American Society for Metals International
11. American Society for Testing and Material
12. National Fire Protection Association
13. Steel Founders Society of America
1.8
1.8.1
1.8.1.1

1.8.1.2
*
1.8.1.3
1.8.2 1.9
1.8.2

a) API ( A)
b)
breeching
c) ( C)

d)
e)
f)

g)
h)

i)
1.9
1.9.1

a)
b)
.
c)
( )
d)

e)
f)
g)
h)

i)
j)
1.9.2

a)
b)
c)
d)

1.9.3

(
)
a)
b) ()
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

h)
i)

j)
k)
1.9.4

loading diagrams

1.9.5

a) as-built

b) ladle

c)

d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)

2.
2.1
2.1.1
(pass) { pass
pass pass
pass }
2.1.2 pass pass

2.1.3 radiant
shield tube radiant
heat flux

2.1.4

radiant shield
convection

2.2
2.2.1
1.5%
2.5%

2.2.2 natural draft 20% of excess air

25% farce draft
15% excess air 20%
2.2.3 fouling resistances
2.2.4 125 kW/m3 (12,000 BTU/h/ft3) 165 kW/
m3 (16,000 BTU/h/ft3)
2.2.5 25 pascals (0.10 )
radiant convection . 120%
excess air
2.3
2.3.1 .
decoking
2.3.2 convection sootblowers

2.3.3 sootblowers
naphtha sootblowers
2.3.4 convection 2 end intermediate
tubesheets sootblowers end tubesheets

2.3.5 2.75
radiant () (
)
2.3.6 2.75 (arch)
.


MW (MMBTU/h)
Up to 3 (12)
3 to 6 (12 to 24)
Over 6 (24)
2.3.7
2.3.8
2.3.9
2.3.10
2.3.11

2.3.12
2.3.13

Max H/W

Min H/W

2.00
2.50
2.75

1.50
1.50
1.50

shield 3
shield convection corbels

2 (6.5 )
18.3 (60 )
2 12.2 (40 )
radiant
100 . (4)
300 . (12)
(hairpins)
convection 12.2 (4)

3.
3.1
3.1.1 API 530
API 530 API 530
API 530
3.1.2

a) C Mo : 3 . (0.125)
b) 9 Cr 1 Mo : 2 . (0.080)
c) 9 Cr 1 Mo : 1 . (0.040)
3.1.3 API 530 15C
(250F) API 530
3.1.4 flash (
)
ASTM

3.1.5

header box 150 . (6 ) end tubesheet

100 . (4) header
tubesheet + 50 . (2) 1

3.1.6

(,) 2.375,2.875,3.50,4.00,4.50,5.563,6.625,8.625 10.75

shield radiant service shield tube

radiant

3.1.7

3.2
3.2.1 convection stud stud
stud

3.2.2 2

3.2.3

3.3

ASTM 4 4 3.1.1

4. (Headers)
4.1
4.1.1 API 530
ASME B 31.3
4.1.2 Header
4.1.3 Header
4.1.4 Header
(tube)

4.2 (Plug Headers)

4.2.1 Plug header header box
. + 30C (55F)
4.2.2 Tube plug header

4.2.3 Tube plug header coke 2

180 plug header (pigging)
contoured plugs
4.2.4 plug header 18.3 (60) plug header 2
2 plug header coil (180)

4.2.5 plug header 2 1 Y-fittings

4.2.6 Header plug 13 . (1/2)

4.2.7 304 plug header

4.2.8 5

4.2.9 (tubeseat) 1
4.2.10 fittings
4.3 (Return bends)
4.3.1
a)
b)
c) - decoking
d) pigging
4.3.2 firebox
header box
.

4.3.3

30C (55F)

4.4
4.4.1 plug return bend ASTM 6

4.4.2 fitting ASTM fitting

5.
5.1
5.1.1 3.1.2
5.1.2
5.1.3 ASME B31.3
5.1.4

5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7 (tube)
(hair pin)
5.1.8 header box (tube) .
. . 30C (55F)
5.2

5.3

6.
6.1 ( = Flue gas)
6.1.1 (Tulguide)

a) +110C (200F)
870C (1000F)
b) +55C (100F)

c) 350C (400F)
d)
6.1.2

6.1.3 35 6

6.1.4
1.3 . (0.05) 2.5 . (0.01)
6.1.5 6.1.5.1
6.1.5.4
6.1.5.1 425C (800F)
6.1.5.2 13 . (0.5)
6.1.5.3 75 . (3)
125 . (5) 304
6.1.5.4 13 . (0.5)
sleeve 304
6.1.6 6.1.6.1 6.1.6.3
6.1.6.1

6.1.6.2 (stud) 3
6.1.6.3 fin 5 fins
6.2
6.2.1 6.2.1.1 6.2.1.3
6.2.1.1
6.2.1.2 0.30
6.2.1.3

6.2.2 .
a.
1. 1/3
2. 2/3 (. offset 0.2%)
3. 50% 1% 10,000
4. 50% 10,000
b.
1. 1/3

2. 2/3 (. offset 0.2%)

3. 50% 1% 10,000
4. 50% 10,000
6.2.3 0.8
6.2.4 D
6.3
6.3.1 8

6.3.2 650C (1200F)

100
a. 50 . 2081 /3 130 /.)
b. 50 Cr 50 Ni

7.
7.1
7.1.1 82C (180F) . 27C
(80F) () 91C (195F)
7.1.2

7.1.3 167C (300F)

7.1.4 2 75 . 1371C
(2500 F) 3447 (500 psi) 110C (230F)
7.1.5 1650C (3000F)
7.1.6
7.1.7 high duty 1538 (2800F)

7.1.8

7.1.9
7.1.10 9
7.1.11

7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2 7.5 (24) high duty
8 % 5 : 1

7.2.3

Table 9 page 19

7.2.4

7.2.5
7.2.6

7.2.7

7.2.8

7.2.9

(
)
13 . 1.8 . (6) CF

1538 C (2800 F) 1260C

(2300 F) shiled wall ()
1093 C (2000 F)

back up 15 %

1.8 .(6)

371C (700 F)

7.3
7.3.1 LHV124
lumite = haydite vermieulite 1038C (1900 F)
200 . (8)

7.3.2

75 . (3)

7.3.3 70 % 50 .
13 . ()
7.3.4 3 . 300 . (12)
230 . cerch (
)
7.3.5 150 . (6) . (3/16) 6
. ()
7.3.6 Header box, breching, flec gas chucf stack 50 . ()
7.3.7 50 . # 10 AWG

7.3.8 880 /3 (55 / .)

3 %
7.3.9 ( 1.5%)
100
7.3.10 alkaline
hydrolysis (Carbonization)
alkaline hydrolysis
cure 24 .

alkaline hydrolysis alkaline hydrolysis

alkaline hydrolysis 10 . (3/8)

7.4 ( CF )
7.4.1
7.4.2 CF 25 . (1), 125 ./3 (8 / .)
38 . (1) 240 ./3
(15# / ft3) CFB 96 ./3 (6# / ft3)
610 x 610 . (24 x 24) 1093C (2000 F) 460 x 460 . (18 x 18)
1093C (2000 F)
7.4.3 CFB 260C (500 F)
7.4.4 CFB 76 . (3)

7.4.5

7.4.6

7.4.7
7.4.8

7.4.9
7.4.10
7.4.11
7.4.12
7.4.13
7.4.14
7.4.15
7.4.16
7.4.17
7.4.18

7.4.19
7.4.20
7.4.21

areh
150 . X 230 . (6 x 9) 305 .(12)
230 . X 230 . (9 x 9) 610 .(24)
230 . X 250 . (9 x 10) 915 .(36)
230 . X 270 . (9 x 10) 1220 .(48)

150 . X 230 . (6 x 9) 305 .(12)

230 . X 305 . (9 x 12) 610 .(24)
270 . X 305 . (10 x 12) 1220 .(48)
CFB 1
moldaili ceramic fiber ( CFB )
CFB 12.2 / (40/ ) CFB
CFB 12.2 / 24.4 / (80/ )
80/
CFB
CF
CFB back up 25 .
CF arch
gap
( CF )
arch 80%
casing stud
2 (50 .)
304
CF 10
177 C (350 F)
304 500
56C (100 F)

CF 100
CF convection soof bolwer () steam lomers ()

7.5
7.5.1 76 (3)
7.5.2
7.5.3 7.2, 7.3 7.4
7.5.4 7.1.3 7.4.3
7.5.5
7.5.6 (mineral woof ) 983 C (1800 F)
back up 1 % 100

7.5.7 CF back up
10 177 C (350 F)
7.5.8 back up CF
7.5.9 CF 128 /3 (8 / .)
7.6
7.6.1 ASTM
a. (Fireclay brick) ASTM C27
b. (Insulating firebrick) ASTM C155
c. (Castable refractory) ASTM C401, Class N, O, P, Q R
d. (Vermiculite sieve analysis) ASTM C322 Group I density
e. (Insulating block) (Mineral slag wool, newled pH) ASTM C612 CLS
f. (Haydite) ASTM C332 Group II
1. : 4
2. : # 10 . (3/8) # 0
7.6.2
a. 35 % Al2O3 + Zirconia 43% Al2O3 + Chronia
SiO3 ZrO2
8.
8.1
8.1.1 Code (
Codes)
a. International Conference of Building Ofhcols, Uniform Building Code
b. American
c. ASCE Standards.
d. Codes

8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4

8.1.5

8.1.6
8.1.7

ICBO Uniform Building Code

ASCE7
(platform) ICBO Uniform Building Code

55C
(100 F) (fue gas) . 27 C (80
F)
yield strength modulus of elasticity
9.3.5

.

8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3 5 . (3/16)
(buckling) 6 . 6 .
8.2.4 ()
8.2.5
8.2.6


8.2.7
50 . (2)
8.2.8 firebox

8.2.9

8.3 ( )
8.3.1 Header boxes
8.3.1.1 75 . (3)
header

8.3.2

8.3.1.2 header box .

8.3.1.3 Header box 5 .
header box
8.3.1.4 header box 1.5 (5 )
convection header box 1.5 .
Doors and Ports
8.3.2.1 2 / 600 . X 600 . (24 x 24) radiant chamber

8.3.2.2 450 . X 450 . (18 x 18)

plenum

8.3.2.3 600 . X 600 .

damper convection
8.3.2.4 450 . X 600 . (18 x 24) arch
radiant chamber
8.3.2.5 radiant

8.3.2.6 600 . X 600 . (24 x 24) duct plenum

duct air preheater damper

8.4 Ladders, Platforms and Stairways.

8.4.1 Platform
a. . burner farner confrot
b. . convection
c. . damper sort tower
d. . firebox
e. . steam drum air preheater

8.4.2 3 . (10) platform . platform

. 3 .
8.4.3 Platform
a. platform : 900 . (3)
b. platform : 900 . (3)
c. walkways : 750 . (2-6)
8.4.4 platform 6 . () 25 x 5 . (1 x 3/16)

8.4.5
8.4.6

2 operating platform 6 .(20)

9 . (30) () 4.5 . (15)
()
8.4.7 platform 2.3 . (7-6)
platform
8.4.8 Stairways 750 .(2-6) 240 .(9-5) 200 .(8)
9 () 12 ()
8.4.9 platform, walkways stairways 2.1 (7)
8.4.10 platform, walkways stairways
8.4.11 Haudroils, ladders platform /

8.4.12 platform

8.4.12.1 platform 2.1 (7) platform

8.4.12.2 3 .
8.4.12.3 0.8 (2-5)
0.9 (3)
8.5
8.5.1
a. , ASTM A36, A242, A572
b. , ASTM A36, A283 Grade C, A242, A572
c. , ASTM A307, unfinished
d. , ASTM A325 ASTM A490
e. ASTM A53 Grade B
8.5.2 . -30C (-20 F)
9. Stack, Duct and Breeching
9.1
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3 Breeching Ducting

9.1.4 seal weld

9.1.5 Stack breeching ducts 149C (300
F)

9.1.6
9.1.7
9.1.8
9.1.9

flue gas duct

breeching ducts seal

Breeching convection () 0.8 . (2-6)

9.1.10 draft plenum

9.2
9.2.1 Code
a. ICBO Uniform Building Code
b. AISI
c. ASCE
d. Codes
9.2.2 ICBO Uniform Building
Code ASCE
9.2.3 Stacks, breeching ducts

9.2.4
9.3.5
9.7 /. (60 /.)
8

9.2.5 6 () corrosion allauene 1.6 (1/16)

3 .
9.2.6 8
9.2.7
9.2.8 + 56 C (100 F)
. 27C (80 F)

9.2.9 .

9.2.10 5 . (3/16)

9.2.11
1/360 () 1/240

9.2.12 1.2 2 (13 2)

9.2.13 1.2 2 (13 2)

9.2.14
9.2.15 /

9.2.16
204 C (400 F) 371 C (700 F)
9.3
9.3.1 0.5 Fy

9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.3.5

0.56Et
D[1+(0.004E/Fy)

E = . megapascals (.)
t. =
D = . ()
Fy = yield strength megapascals (.)
90% minimum yield
strength .
138 pascal (20000 psi) AISC ASTM A307
222 megapascals (33000 psi) ASTM A193 B7 A320 L7
303 megapascals (44000 psi) AISI ASTM
A325 227 megapascals (33000 psi) ASTM A193 B7 A320 L7
yield strength modulus of derfracity
10

 10 25

9.4
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.4.3 11

11 26

9.4.4
9.4.5
9.4.6
9.4.7

9.4.8

9.5

bending

1.4 2
60
t (5M / 9Fys)
a.
:
1 L/D 3
b. S LM / 0.6 Fyr

M
=
(m-pounds/inch)
Fys
=
minimum yield strength . pascal (psi)
t.
=
()
L
=
()
D
=
()
S
=
Section modulus .
Fyr
=
minimum yield strength . pascal (psi)
150 .(6) 30
50% corrosion allowance

9.5.1
9.5.2

(Vc)

Vc1
=
fD / S

Vc1

m / sec (ft/sec)

=
m / sec (ft/sec)
Vc2
f.
=
()
D
=
33% ()
S
=
Stroutral number 0.2 ()
f
(f)

f.

9.5.3

9.5.4

0.5587

EIg / WH4

E
=
Modulus of Elasticity . 0
I
=
Moment of minertia cm4 (m4)
g.
=
9.806 m/sec (386 /sec2)
W
=
kg/m (lb/inch)
H
=

(mode 1 2)
a. 0 Vc < 6.7 m/s ( 22/sec 15 / .)

b. 6.7 m/s ( 22/sec 15 / .) Vc < 13.4 m/sec ( 44/sec 30 / .)

c. 13.4 m/sec ( 44/sec 30 / .)

d. 26.8 m/sec ( 88/sec 60 / .) Vc

33 %
9.5.4.1 9.5.4.2
9.5.4.1 6 . () 1.5 . (5) 3
120 0.1
30

9.5.5

9.5.4.2 spoiler 6 .() 120

5 100 .
spoiler (fr)
fv
fr.

0.126 tr
Dr2

fr
tr.
E

=
/
=

=
modulus of Elasticity .
megapascal (lb/m2)
Dr
=
, m (ft)
fv
=
13.2 / Dr
fv
=
vertex shading frequency ( / )
Dr
=

. (tr) (Dr)
section modulus (Sm)()
Sm

Vc
fr
tr.
Dr
E
fv
Hr
St
Vc

(7x10-7)(Vc)2(Dr)2Hr
St

=
(60)(fr)(Dr) / (2)(S)
=
. /
=
, . ()
=
., m (ft)
=
E , ( / .)
=
vertex shading frequency . ( / )
=
, . ()
=
, ( / .)
=
. / ( / )
Mahajam, Kanti H. Tall Stack Design Simplified

9.6
9.6.1 ASTM A36 A242

9.6.2

9.6.3

18C (0 F) ASTM A307, A325 A193 B7

-18 C (0 F) A193 B7 A194 2H A320 L7 A320
L7 A193 B7
Dampers
a. , 427C (800 F)
b. 5Cr - Mo, 649C (1200 F)
c. 18Cr 8Ni, 816C (1500 F)
d. 25Cr 12Ni, 982C (1500 F)

9.7
9.7.1 ISO 13705 H ASME STS-1

10. ,
10.1
10.1.1

10.1.2
10.1.3
12

12 28

10.1.4 .
a. 5 , 125%
b. 6 7 , 120%
c. 8 , 115%
10.1.5 4.4 megawalts (15 )
3

10.1.6
10.1.7

a. Pilot () 0.022 MW (75,000 Btu/hr)

b. Pilot burner
c.
, draft , .

13 29

10.1.8
10.1.9 /
260 C (1500
F)
10.1.10
13
10.1.11 (draft) 90%

10.1.12 (Platform)

10.1.13

10.1.14 2
Vacuum Atmospharic reduced crude oils,

10.1.15 43 centritake (200 SSU)

10.1.16 . superheat
10.1.17 naptha gasoline (safety interlock)

10.1.18
diffuiser ()
10.2

10.2.1
10.2.2 4535 . (10,000 /.) .
1034 (150 / .) .
10.2.3 2 .
230 (9)
10.2.4 1.2 . (4)
5 (shield tubes)
sort blower
10.2.5 convection high duty fireclay
125 / . (2000 ./3)
10.2.6 ()
10.3 DAMPER
10.3.1 damper

10.3.2 Damper .

10.3.3 Damper

10.3.4 Damper
Damper 3 . (1/8) SUS 304
Heirble, turnbuckle, clamp
11.
11.1
11.1.1 () 20
3
11.1.2 . 2
( 11.2.1 11.2.2
)

11.1.2.1)

11.1.2.2)
( excess air, safety factor )

11.1.3
11.1.4

11.1.5

11.1.6

11.1.7

11.1.8

115%



(Clace, Group and Division)
NFPA 70 Artides 500 501
code API 500A

()
alignment alignment


AMCA 201

(
)

11.2
11.2.1
11.2.1.1
11.2.1.2 (
)
11.2.2

11.2.3 ()
11.2.4 (
) .
11.2.5
11.2.6 .
11.2.7
.

11.2.8 .
.
11.2.9
11.2.10 (HCEM)
.
11.2.11 ()
11.3
11.3.1 1800 /
11.3.2 AMCA 99-86 AMCA 99-2404-78
3 7

11.3.2.1 120 kw (150 )
11.3.2.2 1800 rpm
11.3.2.3 233C (450F)
11.3.2.4
11.3.2.5
AMCA acnongents 1, 8 9

11.3.3
11.3.3.1

11.3.3.2 75 kw (100 )
11.3.3.3 30 kw (40 ) 1800 rpm AMCA amagment
3 7
11.3.4

()
.
11.3.5 (
) 70%
11.3.6
AMCA 210
11.3.7 .
11.3.7.1 56C (100F) .
11.3.7.2 14C (25F)

11.3.8 load
start
11.16.3 11.16.4
11.3.9
( )
11.3.10 15



11.3.11

11.4
11.4.1
5 . (3/11) 6 . ()

resonance
11.4.2 3 7 ()

1067 . (42)
11.4.3

11.4.4 610x610 . (24x24)

rotor balance

11.4.5

11.5
11.5.1

11.5.2 30 . (2)
11.6

11.6.1

( )
data sheet
11.6.1.1
11.6.1.2

11.7
11.7.1
11.7.1.1 11.7.1.3

11.7.1.1 3 .(0.10)

11.7.1.2
11.7.1.3 6 .()
11.7.2


11.7.3
11.22.1.1
11.22.1.2 (past weld heat treatment)

11.7.4 9C (15F)

11.7.5 (interference fit)
interference
149 C (300F)

11.7.6 (forged steel) 150 . (6)

3 7 2

ASME B17.1
11.7.7 110%
11.7.8
150 . (6)

11.8
11.8.1


11.8.2 /
11.9 /
11.9.1 {( (rigid)
(bending)} 25%

AMCA 801-92 3.2.3
11.9.2

11.9.3

11.9.4

11.9.5 /

(trip)

11.10
11.10.1
11.10.2
14
14

()
()

<6
0.0010
0.002
6-14
0.0015
0.003
> 14

0.0020

0.004

11.10.3 ( 11.22.4)
.

 5 ./ (0.2
) 2.5 ./ (0.1 ) (12) .
6.3 ./ (0.25 /)
11.11
11.11.1 anti-friction hydro-dynamic (sleeve)
120 kw (150 bhp)
hydrodynamic
11.11.2 anti-friction
11.11.2.1 DN factor 200,000 ( DN factor (
)
11.11.2.2 L-10 ( ABMA9) 100,000 .
( .
90%
11.11.2.3 Load factor 2,700,000 (Load factor
)
11.11.3 (Maximum load) {filling slot}
( / )
11.11.4 (thrust bearing)
100%
50%
11.11.5

11.11.6 heat slinger ()

11.11.7 71C (160F)

82C (180F)
43C (110F)

()
1.07 .(Birmingkam wire gauge # 19 0.042)
12.7 .()
11.11.8
11.12

11.12.1

11.12.2

11.13
11.13.1

11.13.2

( 11.7.3 )
11.13.3 AISI 300

11.13.4 .

ASTM A515
11.13.5 ASME B
11.13.6 -29C (-20F)
Charpy V notch impact energy Section VIII Division 1
LIG-84 ASME Code

11.14
11.14.1 AWS D14.6
AWS D1.1
11.14.2 /
AWS D14.3 Section 7
11.14.3
11.14.4
11.4.1 11.19.6

11.15
11.15.1
11.15.2 ()

11.15.2.1
11.15.2.2
11.15.2.3
11.15.2.4 ( )
11.15.2.5
11.15.2.6 ()
11.15.2.7 ( )
11.15.2.8 (. )
11.15.2.9
11.15.2.10
11.15.2.11 (.)
11.15.2.12
11.15.2.13 (.)
11.15.2.14 WR2 (.)
11.15.2.15 ()
11.15.2.16 . (1 )
SI
11.15.3
11.15.4 AISI 300
(Monel )
11.16
11.16.1
(power drag)


11.16.2

11.16.3 .
11.16.4 (
)
11.16.5 damper

damper

11.16.6 start
.
start
11.16.7
11.16.8 ( service factor : )
110% () .

11.16.9 WR2
(torgue) -
11.16.10 80%

11.16.11
11.16.12 Service factor 15
15 Service factor
Service factor

1.00 1.15
< 25
1.10
1.25
1.14
26 -75
1.10
1.15
1.05
> 75
1.10
1.10
1.00
11.17
11.17.1

11.17.2

11.17.3

11.18
11.18.1
11.18.2 ( 11.24)

( 11.16.6)

11.18.3


11.18.4
11.18.5
95%
70%

11.18.6

11.18.7 ()

( )

11.18.8

11.18.9
11.18.10 125
. 60
11.19
11.19.1 ()

11.19.2
.
.
11.19.3

11.19.4

11.19.5

11.19.6

11.20
11.20.1
3.0 . (0.125) 38 . (1)

11.21.1.1
11.20.2
11.20.2.1 0.8 (20.3 .)

11.20.2.2
11.20.2.3
11.20.2.4 5 . (3/16)
()
11.20.2.5
11.21
11.21.1
11.21.1.1
SSPC SPG NACEI 3 3 . (0.003)
(1 . = 1/100 )
a. ,
b. ,
c.

11.21.1.2 .

11.21.2
11.21.2.1
83C (180F)
2 (50 .)

11.21.2.2 83C (180F) . 27C (80F)

11.22
11.22.1
11.22.1.1 RT, UT, MT PT
11.22.1.1 11.22.1.4
11.22.1.3 11.22.1.4 11.13.2
11.22.1.2 UT 5 Section V ASME
Section VIII Division I, Appendix 12 ASME Code
Section VIII Division I, Appendix 7 ASME Code
11.22.1.3 MT ASTM E 709
Section VIII Division I, Appendix 6 ASME Code
ASTM E 125
16
16

I
1
II

2
III

2
IV
1
V

1
VI

1
11.22.2
11.22.2.1 ()

()

11.22.2.2 (
)

11.22.2.3

11.22.3
11.22.3.1
11.22.4
AMCA Standard 210 AMCA Publication 203, 802 803

11.22.3.2 6

11.22.3.3 5
11.22.3.4
11.22.3.5

11.22.4

11.22.4.1 0-115V
100% 2

11.22.4.2
11.22.4.3

11.22.4.4

11.22.4.5


11.22.4.6 11.9.4

11.23

11.23.1
6

11.23.2

11.24
11.24.1
11.24.1.1
11.24.1.2
11.24.1.3

11.24.1.4
11.24.1.5 11.24.2
11.24.2
11.24.2.1
/ / .
100%, 80%, 60%, 40% 20% /
.
11.24.2.2

11.24.2.3

11.24.2.4 (
)
11.24.2.5 WR2
a.
b. , -, power factor
c. .

d.
e.

f.
g.

h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.

12.
12.1
nozzle 12.1.1 12.1.3
12.1.1
12.1.1.1 2 radiant section
12.1.1.2 radiant
convection utility coil 9.15 . (30)
convection
12.1.1.3 convection utility coil 9.15 .
(30) convection
12.1.1.4
12.1.1.5
12.1.1.6 1 NPS 3000
convection 76 . (3) sch 80 304

12.1.2
12.1.2.1 radiant .
12.1.2.2 convection fircel power utility coil
12.1.2.3 damper draft
12.1.2.4
12.1.2.5
12.1.2.6 air balanceing damper

12.1.2.7 1.5 NPS 3000

sch 80

12.1.3
12.1.3.1 radiant
12.1.3.2 convection
12.1.3.3
203 (8)
38 . (1)
12.1.3.4
12.2
12.2.1 convection crosscover
12.2.2

12.2.3

12.3
12.3.1 12.3.2
12.3.1 (purge steam)
12.3.1.1 purge smelling
12.3.1.2 purge 2 firebox 1.5 2 NPS 3000

sch 80 304
12.3.1.3 purge 3 firebox 15
12.3.1.4 CFB
radiant
12.3.1.5 1 NPS pleneem chamber
header box

13.
14.
15.
16.