GA Th Nghim Vt Liu Xy Dng TH: ng Thanh Kim Mai

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1
BI 1

XC NH KHI LNG RING V
KHI LNG TH TCH

I. Mc ch th nghim
Khi lng th tch l khi lng ca mt n v th tch vt liu trng thi t nhin.
=
o
O
m
V
(g/cm
3
)
- Khi lng ring l khi lng ca mt n v th tch vt liu trng thi hon ton c.

a
=
a
V
m
(g/cm
3
)
- Khi lng ring v khi lng th tch ca vt liu dng tnh ton cp phi btng,
chn phng tin vn chuyn hoc tnh ton trng lng bn thn kt cu

II. Dng c th nghim
1. Xc nh khi lng ring

1.1. Ximng
- Cn k thut chnh xc 0,01g.
- Bnh Lechatelier (H.1).
- Phu v a thy tinh.
- Vt liu ph: du ha.
1.2. Ct
- Cn k thut chnh xc 0,1g.
- Bnh khi lng ring c vch chun.
- Phu v a thy tinh.
- Vt liu ph: nc.

2. Xc nh khi lng th tch
2.1. Ximng, ct v
- Cn k thut chnh xc 0,1g.
- Thng o dung tch ct v ximng V = 2,83(l)
- Thng o dung tch V = 14,16 (l).
2.2. Gch
- Chun b gch: gch 2 l, 4 l, btng.
- Thc l bng thp chnh xc 1mm.
- Cn k thut chnh xc 0,1g.

Hnh 1 Bnh Le
chatelier
GA Th Nghim Vt Liu Xy Dng TH: ng Thanh Kim Mai
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III. Trnh t th nghim
A. Xc nh khi lng ring
Th nghim ny qui c l trong mi ht XM (Ct) khng tn ti cc l rng kn, do tng
th tch ca cc ht XM (Ct) c coi l th tch c ca mu XM (Ct). Th tch c ca
mu c xc nh bng phng php cht lng chim ch. Khi lng mu xc nh bng
cch cn.

1. Ximng
- Cn m = 65g ximng sy kh, sng qua sng 0,63mm.
- Cho du vo bnh n vch s 0.
- Cho ximng t t vo bnh, sau xoay nh bnh cho bt kh thot ht ra
ngoi.
- Vch du dng ln chnh l th tch ca ximng V
a
(cm
3
).
- Khi lng ring ca ximng l:

a
XM
=
a
V
m
(g/cm
3
)
2. Ct
- Cn G = 500g ct c ng knh ht t 0,14 0,5mm. Dng bin php ra
loi b ht di 0,14mm. Dng sng c ng knh mt sng l 5mm loi b
ht ln hn 5mm.
- Cho lng ct ny vo bnh khi lng ring, sau cho nc vo n 2/3 th
tch bnh, xoay nh bnh cho bt kh thot ht ra ngoi.
- Tip tc cho nc vo n vch chun, em cn c khi lng m
1
(g).
- ct v nc ra, ra sch bnh.
- Cho nc vo n vch chun, cn c khi lng m
2
(g).
- Khi lng ring ca ct l:

a
C
=
) (
2 1
m m G
G

(g/cm
3
)
Lu : Kt qu th nghim xc nh khi lng ring ca ximng v ct (chnh xc n 0,1g/cm
3
)
l tr s trung bnh cng ca 2 ln th nghim, m kt qu 2 ln th ny khng sai nhau qu
0,02g/cm
3
.

B. Xc nh khi lng th tch

1. Ximng, ct,

Trong th nghim ny trng thi ri t nhin c xem l trng thi cc ht vt liu t
sp xp sau khi chy t cao 10cm. i vi vt liu ri th tch t nhin ca vt liu c xc
nh bng phng php ong. Khi lng mu xc nh bng cch cn.
Qu trnh th nghim ximng, ct, tng t nhau:
- Thng c th tch V
0
(cm
3
). Cn khi lng thng m
1
(g).
GA Th Nghim Vt Liu Xy Dng TH: ng Thanh Kim Mai
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3
- Cho vt liu (ximng, ct, ) vo thng chiu cao 10cm cch ming thng, dng
dao gt t gia sang hai bn. Cn c khi lng m
2
(g).
- Khi lng th tch (ximng, ct, ) l:

o
=
O
V
m m
1 2

(g/cm
3
)


Vt liu
Th tch
thng

(lt)
Khi lng thng
m
1
(g)
Khi lng thng
ng y vt liu
m
2
(g)
Khi lng th tch

o
(g/cm
3
)
Ximng 2,83
Ct 2,83
14,16

2. Gch
Gch thuc trng hp mu th nghim c dng hnh hc xc nh nn th tch mu
c xc nh bng cch o trc tip. Khi lng mu xc nh bng cch cn.
Cc bc tin hnh:
- Cn khi lng mi vin gch G (g).
- o 3 cnh: di (a), rng (b), cao(c) ca tng vin gch, mi cnh o 3 ln ri ly
trung bnh.
a
tb
=
3
3 2 1
a a a + +

b
tb
=
3
3 2 1
b b b + +

c
tb
=
3
3 2 1
c c c + +

- Th tch t nhin ca vin gch:
V
0
= a
tb
x b
tb
x c
tb
(cm
3
)

- Khi lng th tch ca vin gch:

o
G
=
O
V
G
(g/cm
3
)

III. NHN XT KT QU TN