Hi ngh khoa hc ton quc ln th hai v

S c v h hng cng trnh Xy dng

Tnh ton ti u khung thp kiu tip

rng buc v xc sut ph hoi

PGS. TS. L Xun Hunh

KS. Hong Mnh Cng
Trng i Hc Xy Dng

ABSTRACT:
- Apply the stochastic nonlinear programming theory to establish the constrained
optimization problem and work it out
- Application: Optimize the Slovakia steel frame constrained by destruction
probability

i. t vn

Trong nhng nm gn y ngy cng c nhiu tc gi quan tm

n vic tnh ton thit k ti u kt cu cng trnh xy dng
theo m hnh ngu nhin, nh gi mc an ton theo xc sut
ph hoi. Cc kt qu nghin cu trong lnh vc ny ng gp
rt ln i vi cng vic thc hnh thit k, gim gi thnh xy lp
ca cng trnh. Kt cu khung thp kiu Tip l mt kt cu khung
nh hnh, dng xy dng hng lot, do vy vic nghin cu
thit k ti u loi kt cu ny theo m hnh st iu kin lm vic
thc t c ngha v mt kinh t-k thut.
Trong bo co ny, chng ti xin trnh by mt phng php gii
bi ton ti u khung thp kiu Tip xy dng theo m hnh ngu
nhin, rng buc l xc sut ph hoi.

2. c s l thuyt

2.1.L thuyt quy hoch phi tuyn ngu nhin

Khi mt vi thng s trong hm mc tiu v trong cc rng buc

bin i quanh gi tr trung bnh ca chng th bi ton ti u
tng qut phi c thit lp di dng bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn
ngu nhin. n gin v thun tin trong tnh ton ngi ta [7]
gi nh rng tt c cc bin ngu nhin c lp v c phn b
chun. Bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn ngu nhin c th c vit di
dng chun nh sau:
Tm X hm f Y t cc tiu
(1)
Rng buc P gj Y 0 pj , j 1,2,...,m (2)
Trong , Y l vc t N bin t do y1 , y2 ,...,y N v n gm cc bin
chnh x1 , x2 ,...,xn . Trng hp X xc nh c th c xem nh l mt tr-
ng hp c bit ca bi ton ny. Phng trnh (2) biu din xc
sut ca s kin gj Y ln hn hoc bng khng phi ln hn hoc
bng mt xc sut cho trc pj. Bi ton (1) v (2) c th c a v
bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn tng ng khi p dng phng php
quy hoch bin i rng buc nh di y.

Hm mc tiu:

Hm mc tiu f Y c khai trin ti k vng ca yi , yi :

f
f Y f Y
N

y
yi yi o yi (3)
i 1
i Y
Nu lch chun ca yi , yi m nh th f Y c th c ly gn
ng n 2 s hng:
f N
f Y f Y yi f
N
yi Y (4)
y y
i 1
i Y i 1
i Y
Nu yi i 1,2,...,N u c phn b chun th Y , l mt hm
tuyn tnh ca Y, cng c phn b chun. K vng v phng sai
ca n xc nh nh sau:
Y
2
fn (5)

2
2yi
y
i 1
i Y

v mi yi u c lp. n gin cho bi ton ti u, theo [7]

hm mc tiu c xy dng di dng:
F Y k1 k 2 (6)
trong k1 0, k2 0 v gi tr ca n th hin mc nh hng t-
ng i ca v i vi qu trnh cc tiu.
Mt cch khc cp n lch chun ca l cc tiu
rng buc bi k3 , k3 l mt hng s.

Rng buc:

Nu mt vi thng s l ngu nhin th v bn cht, rng buc

cng l ngu nhin. Rng buc (2) vit thnh:

f g dg
0
gj j j pj

(7)
trong fgj gj l hm mt xc sut ca i lng ngu nhin gj.
Hm rng buc gj Y c khai trin ti k vng ca vc t cc i l-
ng ngu nhin, Y :
 gj
gj Y gj Y
N
yi yi (8)
y
i 1
i Y
T phng trnh ny, gi tr trung bnh, gj , v lch chun, gj
xc nh nh sau:
gj gj Y
12
gj
2
(9 - 10)
n

gj

2yi
i 1
yi Y
t:
gj gj
(11)
gj

1
v rng:
2
e t 2
dt 1
2
(12)
phng trnh (7) c vit thnh:

1 1

2 2
e 2 d e t 2 dt (13)

gj gj 2 j pj 2

trong j pj l mt gi tr ng vi xc sut pj. Do :

gj
j pj
gj (14)
gj gj j pj 0

Phng trnh (14) c th c vit thnh:

12
gj
2

gj j pj
n

2
yi 0, j 1,2,...,m (15)


i 1
yi Y

Do bi ton ti u (1) v (2) c th c vit di dng:

Cc tiu F Y k1 k 2 (6)
Rng buc:
12
gj
2

gj j pj
n

2
yi 0, j 1,2,...,m (15)


i 1
yi Y

2.2.Phng php tm trc tip kt hp vi phn tch nhy

Trong trng hp hm mc tiu hoc rng buc khng biu din c

theo mt hm gii tch c th no th vic xc nh cc o
hm ring c ly trc tip nh sau:
f f x1 , x2 ,...,xi xi ,...,xn f x1 , x2 ,...,xi ,...,xn

yi xi
(16)
gj gj x1 , x2 ,...,xi xi ,...,xn gj x1 , x2 ,...,xi ,...,xn

yi xi
Gi s ta c nghim ban u X 0, ta c th xc nh c gi tr
hm mc tiu v kim tra cc rng buc ti X 0. Sau , da vo
iu kin rng buc, ta thay i ln lt tt c cc thng s ngu
nhin cng mt t l, quan st v nh gi mc nh hng ca
mi mt thng s n qu trnh ti u ho. Trn c s , nhng
thng s no c nh hng nhiu hn s c thay i trc, thng s
no c nh hng t s c thay i sau. Thc hin vic thay i
cc thng s nhiu ln ta s chn c nghim ti u.

3. p dng

Yu cu thit k ti u kt cu khung kiu Tip vi cc thng s kch

thc hnh hc nh hnh 1, vi xc sut an ton ln lt l p = 0,9 ; p =
0,95 v p = 0,99.
m

D
m

b
h
m m
m

Hnh
H 8
Chuyn v ngang cho php ti K: xK xK 0.2m
40 40
L 18
Chuyn v ng cho php ti K: yK yK 0.072m
250 250
Cc i lng ngu nhin vi trung bnh v lch chun c cho
trong bng 1.

Li gii:

Bc 1: Lp hm mc tiu

Hm mc tiu l th tch cc phn t ca khung.

7
f X L i ai
i 1

A 1 x3 x4 x24
A 2 2x1 x4 2x2 x4 4x24
Do , ta c:
 f X x12 x13 x14 x15 2x1 x4 2x2 x4 4x24 x16 x17 x18 x3 x4 x24
Bc 2: Lp rng buc
12
gj
2

gj j pj
n
Xut pht t (15) ta c:

2
yi 0, j 1,2,...,m


i 1
yi Y

Khi thit k khung ta phi kim tra cc iu kin bn, cng v
n nh. Tuy nhin, vi kt cu khung thp th iu kin cng
l quan trng hn c. Do vy, chng ti xin trnh by tnh ton
ti u khung theo iu kin chuyn v ti im K khng v t qu
chuyn v cho php vi xc sut m bo l 95%, ta c hai hm
rng buc l:
g1 X VK X x10
g2 X H K X x11

Trong , VK X l chuyn v ng ca im K, H K X l chuyn

v ngang ca im K (hnh 1).
Trong trng hp ny, ta khng th biu din cc rng buc d i
dng mt hm gii tch c th, do gii c bi ton ti u
ta s dng phng php tm trc tip kt hp vi phn tch
nhy. Kt qu ca qu trnh tnh ton c ghi trong bng 2.

Bng 1. Gi tr trung bnh v lch chun ca cc bin

Thng s Gi tr trung
Tn bin lch chun
bnh
Chiu rng b x1 x1 (m) 0,01x1 (m)
Chiu cao h x2 x2 (m) 0,01 x2 (m)
ng knh D x3 x3 (m) 0,01 x3 (m)
Chiu dy d x4 x4 (m) 0,01 x4 (m)
P1 x5 5500 kG 55 kG
P2 x6 11000 kG 110 kG
P3 x7 7500 kG 75 kG
P4 x8 5500 kG 55 kG
M un n hi E x9 2,1x1010 kG/m2 2,1x108 kG/m2
Chuyn v ng
x10 0,072 m 0,0072 m
cho php ti K
Chuyn v ngang
x11 0.2 m 0.002 m
cho php ti K
Chiu di thanh 1,
x12 6m 0,06 m
L1
Chiu di thanh 2,
x13 6m 0,06 m
L2
Chiu di thanh 3, x14 9,22 m 0,0922 m
 L3
Chiu di thanh 4,
x15 9,22 m 0,0922 m
L4
Chiu di thanh 5,
x16 9m 0,09 m
L5
Chiu di thanh 6,
x17 9m 0,09 m
L6
Chiu di thanh 7,
x18 2m 0,02 m
L7

Kt qu tnh ton ng vi ba trng hp xc sut an ton ca h l p

= 0,9 ; p = 0,95 v p = 0,99 c th hin trn cc hnh 2, 3, 4.

V(m3)

0.2163

0.1918 0.1856 0.17934

0.1795 0.1809 0.1762 0.1715 0.1652 0.1589 0.15475

b c t i u
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Hnh . Kt qu ti u ng vi xc sut an ton p= 0,9

V(m3)

0.2163

0.1918 0.1856 0.17934

0.1795 0.1809 0.1762 0.1715 0.1652

b c t i u
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Hnh 3. Kt qu ti u ng vi xc sut an ton p= 0,95

 V(m3)

0.2163

0.1918 0.1856 0.17934

0.1795 0.1809

b c t i u
0 1 2 3 4 5

Hnh 4. Kt qu ti u ng vi xc sut an ton p= 0,99

4. Nhn xt

T v d tnh ton rt ra mt s nhn xt sau:

Nu hm mc tiu v cc rng buc u c th c biu din
theo nhng hm gii tch c th th vic gii bi ton ti u
khng gp kh khn. Trong trng hp ngc li, khi lng tnh ton s
tng ln, tuy nhin vi s tr gip ca cc phn mm chuyn dng
cng vic tr nn n gin hn nhiu.
Vi khng qu 10 bc tnh ton nghim tm c kh hi t, mc
sai khc nh hn 3%.

Ti liu tham kho

1. L Xun Hunh, Vn Bnh, Tnh ton ti u mt ct thanh

thnh mng vi rng buc v tin cy, Tuyn tp Cng trnh
khoa hc- HXD, H Ni, 4/2002.
2. L Xun Hunh, Hong Bc An, nh hng ca yu t ngu nhin
n tin cy ca kt cu dn dm, Tp ch Xy dng s
6/2001.
3. Nguyn Nht L, Ti u ho ng dng, NXB Khoa hc v k thut,
H Ni, 2001.
4. Numerical Optimization Techniques for engineering design with
application, Garret N.Vanderplaats.
5. Phm Anh Tun, Tnh ton ti u kt cu khung lm vic trong giai
on n hi. Lun vn Thc s k thut HXD, 5/2003.
6. Optimization Toolbox for use with Matlab, Thomas Coleman - Mary
Ann Branch - Andrew Grace.
7. S.S.RAO Optimization - Theory and Applications (Second Edition) -
Wiley eastern limited..