Calculus 2

( )
5.3.1

1. XY r > 0 0 2
1.1 A(1,1)

x2 y2
( 1) 2 ( 1) 2
2
tan xy 11 1
x y 3
54
A( 2, 54 )
r

1.2 B(4, 4)

x2 y2
42 42 4 2
tan xy 44 1
x y 1
r

4
B(4 2, 4 )
1.3 C(1, 3 )

x2 y2

( 1) 2 ( 3) 2

y
3
x 1 3
x y 2
23
C(2, 23 )
tan

1.4 D( 2 2, 2 2 )

x2 y2

y
x

(2 2 ) 2 (2 2 ) 2

2 2 1
2 2
x y 1
tan

4
D(4, 4 )
1.5 E(4, 4)

x2 y2

( 4) 2 4 2

4 2
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 Calculus 2

( )

y
4
x 4 1
x y 2
34
E(4 2, 34 )
tan

1.6 F( 4 3 ,4)

x2 y2
(4 3) 2 ( 4) 2 8
4
1
tan xy

4 3
3
x y 4
116
F(8, 116 )
r

2.
2.1 G(2, 3 )
x = r cos y = r sin
(x, y) = (2cos 3 , 2sin 3 ) = (1, 3 )
2.2 H(3, 43 )
x = r cos y = r sin
(x, y) = (3cos 43 , 3sin 43 ) = ( 23 , 3 2 3 )
2.3 I(4, 4 )
x = r cos y = r sin
(x, y) = (4cos 4 , 4sin 4 ) = ( 2 2 , 2 2 )
2.4 J(5, 56 )
x = r cos y = r sin
(x, y) = (5cos 56 , 5sin 56 ) = ( 5 2 3 , 25 )
2.5 K(1, 74 )
K(1, 74 ) = K(1, 34 )
x = r cos y = r sin

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 Calculus 2

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(x, y) = (cos 34 , sin 34 ) = ( 1 , 1 )

2 2

90 75
120 105
60

135
150 J
165
180
195
210
225
240

30
G
15
K
1 2 3 4 5 6 0
345
H
I
330
315
300
255 270 285

3.
3.1 x + y = 0

xy = 0

r cos r sin = 0

r (cos sin) = 0
cos sin = 0
cos =

sin

tan = 1
34

3.2 x2 + y2 = 16

r 2 cos2 r 2 sin2 = 16

r 2 (cos2 sin2 ) = 16

r2

= 16

= 4

r = 4
3.3 x2 + y2 4y = 0

45

r 2 cos2 r 2 sin2 4r sin = 0

r 2 (cos2 sin2 ) 4r sin = 0

r2

= 4r sin

= 4 sin

r = 4 sin
3.4 x2 + y2 8x = 0
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 Calculus 2

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r 2 cos2 r 2 sin2 8r cos = 0

r 2 (cos2 sin2 ) 8r cos = 0

r2

= 8r cos

= 8 cos

r = 8 cos
4.
4.1 r = 5

r 2 = 25

r 2 (cos2 sin2 ) = 25
r 2 cos2 r 2 sin2 = 25

x 2 y 2 = 25
x 2 y 2 = 25
4.2 r = 2 cos

r 2 = 2r cos

r 2 (cos2 sin2 ) = 2r cos

r 2 cos2 r 2 sin2 = 2r cos

x 2 y 2 = 2x
x 2 2x y 2

= 0

x 2 2x y 2 = 0
4.3 r = 4 sec

4
cos
r cos = 4

r =

x = 4
x = 4
4.4 r = 8 sin

r 2 = 8r sin

r 2 (cos2 sin2 ) = 8r sin

x 2 y 2 = 8y
x 2 y 2 8y

= 0

x 2 y 2 8y = 0
5.
5.1 r = 4 sin

5.2 r = 5 cos
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 Calculus 2

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90

90

135

45

180

1 2 3 4 5 6

225

135

180

315

270

1 2 3 4 5 6

225

5.3 r = 3 + 3 sin
45

180

1 2 3 4 5 6

225

270

135

315

1 2 3 4 5 6

225

6.1. r = 4 + 3cos [0, ]

1 (4 3cos) 2 d
2 0

1 (16 24cos 9cos 2)d

2 0

1 (16 24cos 9 (1 cos2))d

2 0
2

1 ( 41 24cos 9 cos2)d
2 0 2
2

1 ( 41 24sin 9 sin2)
2 2
4
0
1 { 41 ( 0) 24(sin sin0) 9 (sin2 sin0)}
2 2
4
41

45

180

6.

315

90

135

270

5.4 r = 5 cos 2
90

45

6.2. r = 8 cos 2 [0, 4 ]

24

270

315

 Calculus 2

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1 (8cos2) 2 d
2 0

64 4 (cos 2 2)d
2 0

32 12 (1 cos4)d
0

=
=
=

4
16( 14 sin4)
0
16{( 4 0) 14 (sin sin0)}
4

6.3. r = 6 sin 3 [0, 6 ]

=
=
=

1 6 (6sin3) 2 d
2 0

36 (sin 2 3)d
2 0

18 12 (1 cos6)d
0

=
=
=

6
9( 16 sin6)
0
9{( 6 0) 16 (sin sin 0)}
3

6.4. r = 2 + 2sin [0, 2 ]

1 (2 2sin) 2 d
2 0

1 (4 4sin 4sin 2)d

2 0

1 (4 4sin 2(1 cos2))d

2 0

1 (6 4sin cos2)d
2 0

=
=
=

1 (6 4cos 1 sin2) 2
2
2
0
1 {6(2 0) 4(cos2 cos0) 1 (sin4 sin0)}
2
2
6

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