ENGLESKI ZA SVAKOGA

ENGLESKAGRAMATIKA

Huso Jaarevi
Oktobar 2011

2.

GLAGOLI
Verbs
1. Glagol je najvanija rije u reenici i nijedna se potpuna reenica ne moe izrei bez
glagola .
Glagolima izraavamo radnju ( to write -pisati , to work -raditi ,to dig -kopati ) zbivanje
( to rise - dizati se , to fall - padati , to blow , duhati ) i stanje ( to lie - leati , to sit -sjediti ,
to sleep -spavati ) .
2 . U engleskom jeziku ima pravilnih i nepravilnih glagola . kod pravilnih glagola dovoljno
je
za tvorbu svih vremena znati njihov infinitiv , dok je kod nepravilnih glagola potrebno
znati
njihove glavne dijelove tj . infinitiv , preterit i particip perfekta , jer su ta tri oblika
potrebna za tvorbu vremena .
Zato nepravilne glagole uvijek dajemo u tri osnovna oblika . Npr . :
give
shake
grow

( dati )
( drmati )
( rasti )

gave
shook
grew

given
shaken
grown

SVOJSTVA GLAGOLA
3 . Glagoli imaju ova svojstva :
1 . jedninu i mnoinu
2 . lica ( tri lica jednine i tri lica mnoine )
3 . vremena ( prezent , preterit , futur ... )
4 . nesvreni i obini oblik
5 . aktiv i pasiv
6 . naine ( imperativ , indikativ i konjuktiv . )
4 . U engleskim se gramatikama upotrebljava naziv tense ( npr. : present tense , preterit
tense itd . ) Tense znai glagolsko vrijeme .
PRAVILNI I NEPRAVILNI GLAGOLI
5.

Pravilni glagoli tvore preterit i particip perfekta tako da se infinitivu doda nastavak -ed .
Npr . :
stay - stay - ed , ostati ; look - look - ed , gledati ; open - open - ed , otvoriti ;

6 . Ako se glagol u infinitivu svrava na - e , dodaje se samo -d . Npr . : smile - smile-d ,

smijeiti se ; hope - hope-d , nadati se itd .
7 . Nepravilni glagoli tvore preterit i particip perfekta na razne naine :

1 . Preterit i particip perfekta imaju isti oblik :

stand
think

( stajati )
( misliti )

stood
thought

stood
thought

sang
drove

sung
driven

hit
put

hit
put

3.
2 . Sva su tri oblika razliita :
sing
drive

( pjevati )
( tjerati )

3 . Sva su tri oblika jednaka :

hit
put

( udariti )
( metnuti )

PRELAZNI , NEPRELAZNI I POVRATNI GLAGOLI

8 . Prelazni su glagoli oni uz koje moe stajati u akuzativu . Npr . :
Sagradili su most prole godine .
Prije odlaska prodali su auto .

They built the bridge last year .

Before leaving they sold the car .

9 . Neprelazni su glagoli oni uz koje ne moe stajati objekat . Npr . :

He returned home last night .
We were layng in the sun .

Vratio se sino kui .

Leali smo na suncu .

10 . Povratni su glagoli oni kod kojih se radnja vraa na subjekat . Uz takve glagole stoje
povratne zamjenice . Npr . :
They have always been able to defend themselves . Oni su se uvijek mogli obraniti .
When she saw herself in her new hat , she smiled . Kad se vidjela u svom novom eiru ,
nasmijeila se .
11 . Pomoni glagoli slue za tvorbu sloenih glagolskih vremena , npr . :
perfekta ( I have spoken - govorio sam ) , futura ( Ishall speak - govorit u ) itd .
Pomoni su glagoli :
be , have , do , shall , should , will , would .
12 . Defektni su glagoli :
can , could , may , might , must , ought , need , dare shall , should , wil , would .
13 . Bezlini su glagoli oni koji se upotrebljavaju samo u 3 . licu jednine sa it . Takvi
glagoli

obino oznauju vremenske uvjete . Npr , :

it rains - pada kia
it is snowing - pada snijeg .

4.

TVORBA ODRINOG OBLIKA GLAGOLA

14 . Pomoni i defektni glagoli tvore odrini oblik tako da se not stavi iza glagola . Npr. :
I was not here yesterday .
I am not playing tennis .
She was not singing .
They will not come back .
We have not answered his letter .
She cannot speak French .
You must not forget your promise .

Juer nisam bio ovdje .

Ne igram tenis .
Ona nije pjevala .
Oni se nee vratiti .
Nismo odgovorili na njegovo pismo .
Ona ne zna govoriti francuski .
Ne smijete zaboraviti svoje obeanje .

15 . Glagoli punog znaenja , tj . svi glagoli osim pomonih i defektivnih , tvore negativni
oblik prezenta i preterita s pomonim glagolom do . Npr. :
I do not like cold drinks .
She does not play the piano .
They did not arrive in time .

Ne volim hladna pia .

Ona ne svira klavir .
Nisu stigli na vrijeme .

TVORBA UPITNOG OBLIKA GLAGOLA

16 . Pomoni i defektni glagoli tvore upitni oblik obratom ( inverzijom ) , tj . tako da se

glagol
stavi ispred subjekta . Npr . :
Is he a good chess - player
Has he often helped him
Can we get fruit at the greengrocers
Must he stop smoking

Je li on dobar ahist
Je li mu on esto pomogao
Moemo li dobiti voe kod povrara
Mora li on prestati puiti

17 . Glagoli punog znaenja tvore upitni oblik prezenta i preterita s pomou glagola do.
Npr:

Does he work in an office

Do they like his lektures
Did he bring her a present from Italy
5.

Radi li on u uredu
Sviaju li im se njegova predavanja
Je li joj donio poklon iz Italije

GLAGOLI BE - HAVE - DO
18. Glagoli be , have i do mogu biti pomoni glagoli i glagoli punog znaenja .
19 . Glavni dijelovi glagola be jesu :
be
was
been
( Konjugacija glagola be nalazi se u dodatku .)
BE

KAO

POMONI

GLAGOL

20 . Kao pomoni glagol be se upotrebljlava :

za tvorbu nesvrenih vremena ( Continuous Tens ) . Npr . :
I am speking to you .
It was raining yesterday .

Govorim tebi .
Juer je padala kia .

za tvorbu pasivnih vremena ( Passive Tenses ) . Npr. :

He was wounded in an accident .
The house will be finished next year .

Bio je ranjen u jednoj nesrei .

Kua e biti zavrena idue godine .

BE KAO GLAGOL PUNOG ZNAENJA

21 . Glagol be u takvoj funkciji znai postojati , ivjeti , stii , posjetiti itd. Npr . :
They were there in time .
Stigli su onamo na vrijeme .
There is still a lot of poverty in the world . Jo ima ( postoji ) na svijetu mnogo
siromatva .
Is there a butchers in this street
Ima li ( postoji li ) mesnica u ovoj ulici
22 . Bese vrlo esto upotrebljava kao dio imenskog predikata . Npr . :
He is very young .
His brother was a sailor .
Gold is a metal .
I am tired .
He is ill .
She was pleased .

On je vrlo mlad
Brat mu je bio mornar .
Zlato je kovina .
Umoran sam .
On je bolestan .
Bilo joj je drago .

23 . Be se upotrebljava u izrazima za dob , udaljenost i cijenu . Npr . :

She is twenty .
This building is forty years old .
How far is it to the airport

Njoj je dvadeset godina .

Ova je zgrada stara etrdeset godina .
Kako je daleko do aerodroma
6.

It is ten miles .
How much is a pound of tea
It is 2000 dinars .

Ima deset milja .

Koliko stoji funta aja
Stoji dvije tisue dinara .

NAPOMENA :
24 . Kad govorimo o dobi ljudi , obino kaemo samo broj ( npr . : He is twenty - three , She
is
thirty itd. ) , a kad govorimo o starosti stvari , years i old se ne mogu izostaviti .

HAVE
25 . Glavni dijelovi glagola have jesu :
have
had
had
( Konjugacija glagola have nalazi se u dodatku . )
HAVE KAO POMONI GLAGOL
26 . S pomonim glagolom have tvore se ovi glagolski oblici :
perfekt ( I have spoken )
pluskvamperfekt ( I had spoken )
infinitiv perfekta ( to have spoken )
particip perfekta i gerund proli ( having spoken ) .
HAVE KAO GLAGOL PUNOG ZNAENJA
27 . Have iza kojega slijedi infinitiv izraava obavezu . Npr . :
They had to leave .
Morali su otii .
I have to buy some chocolate for her girl . Moram kupiti okolade za njenu djevojicu .
28 . U toj se konstrukciji moe upitni oblik tvoriti s pomou do ili inverzijom , a odrini s
pomou do ili dodavanjem not . Npr . :
Did they have to leave
Had they to leave

Jesu li morali otii

Jesu li morali otii

They did not have to leave .

They had not to leave .

Nisu morali otii .

Nisu morali otii .

7.
29 .Osnovno znaenje glagola have kao glagola punog znaenja jest posjedovati , imati . Npr
Her brother has a motor-boat .
The baby has blue eyes .
This girl has a lot of energy .

Njen brat ima motorni amac .

Djetece ima plave oi .
Ova djevojka ima mnogo energije .

Kad have znai posjedovati ili imati , odrini se oblik tvori dodavanjem not , a upitni
inverzijom . Npr . :
Her brother has not a motor - boat .
Njen brat nema motorni amac .
30 . U govornom sejeziku uz have koje znai posjedovati esto stavlja got . I have got
ima isto znaenje kao i I have . Npr .:
He has got a TV set .
I have got no time .
Have you got a knife

On ima televizor .
Nemam vremena .
Imate li no

Kad have znai imati ili posjedovati , ne upotrebljava se u nesvrenim vremenima .

31 . Have se upotrebljava u nekim stalnim izrazima . Npr . :

to have breakfast - dorukovati
to have lunch - ruati
to have tea - popiti aj
to have a bath - kupati se
to have a good time - dobro se zabavljati .
32 . U takvim se izrazima upitni i odrini oblik uvijek tvori s pomonim glagolom do . Npr . :
When do you have breakfast ?
I did not have lunch yesterday .
Did you have a good time last week ?

Kada dorukujete ?
Juer nisam ruao .
Jeste li se dobro zabavljati prolog tjedna ?

Causative have
33 . Have iza kojega slijedi objekt i particip perfekta oznauje da netko drugi vri radnju
reenice po eli i zapovijedi subjekta . Takvo se have u gramatikama obino zove causative
have. Npr . :
Last week I had a new suit made .
.

Prolog sam tjedna dao napraviti novo odijelo

You must have the invitation cards

printed .
You have had your homework
corrected .

Morate dati tampati pozivnice .

Dao si ispraviti svoju domau zadau .

8.
34 . Iz ovih prijevoda vidimo da se takvo have prevodi na bosanski glagolom "dati "
Uovoj je konstrukciji osobito vaan poredak rijei :
HAVE + OBJEKT + PARTICIP PERFEKTA
Ako taj red rijei izmjenimo , izmijenit emo i znaenje reenice . Usporedite :
I have weeded my garden .
I have my garden weeded .

Oplijevio sam svoj vrt .

Dajem plijeviti vrt .

35 . U ovoj se konstrukciji glagol have moe zamijeniti i glagolom get . Npr . :

She got her dress mended .
You must get your car polished .

Dala je popraviti haljinu .

Morate dati polirati auto .

36 . Upitni se i odrini oblik glagola have u toj konstrukciji tvori s pomonim glagolom do .
Did you have a new suit made ?
I didn't have my homework corrected ,
I corrected it muself .

Jesi li dao napraviti novo odijelo ?

Nisam dao ispraviti svoju domau zadau ,
sam sam je ispravio .

Do
37 Glavni dijelovi glagola do jesu :
do
did
done
( Konjugacija glagola do nalazi se u dodatku . )

Do kao pomoni glagol :

38 . S pomonom glagolom do tvori se upitni i odrini oblik prezenta i preterita glagola
punog znaenja . Npr . :
Does he drive a car ?
Vozi li on autom ?
You do not understand me .
Vi me ne razumijete .
They did not arrive in time .
Nisu stigli na vrijeme .
Did you ring him up last night ?
Jesi li ga sino nazvao ?
39 . U imperativu , prezentu i preteritu upotrebljava se pomoni glagol do i u potvrdnim
reenicama ako elimo istaknuti glagol . Takvo se do zove emfatino do ( Emphatic
do ) Npr . :

Do sit down
Ta sjedni
I was told not to smoke but Idid smoke . Rekli su mi da ne puim , ali ja sam ipak puio
.
I dolike these cakes .

Zaista volim ove kolae .

9.

Do se esto upotrebljava da bi se izbjeglo ponavljanje glavnog glagola , i to :

40 . u kratkim odgovorima . Npr. :
Did you go to the cinema yesterday
Yes , I did .
Do you read in the evening
Yes , I do .
Does your brother smoke
No , he doesnt .

Jesi li sino iao u kino

Jesam .
ita li uvee
itam .
Pui li tvoj brat
Ne , ne pui .

41 . uz so , iza kojega slijedi pomoni glagol , a onda subjekt .Npr . :

He swims well , and so does his sister .
She went to France last year , and so did
her mother .

On dobro pliva , a isto tako i njegova sestra .

Ona je prole godine otila u Francusku , a
i njena majka je otila .

42 . u dodatnom pitanju . Npr . :

You know what I mean , dont you
He took his degree in October ,didnt he

Ti zna to hou da kaem , zar ne

On je diplomirao u oktobru , zar ne

DO KAO GLAGOL PUNOG ZNAENJA

43 . Do se upotrebljava u znaenju initi , raditi . Npr . :
They did their job very well .
He did not do what he had promised .
When does she do the room
What are you doing

Oni su vrlo dobro obavili svoj posao .

Nije uinio to je obeao .
Kada ona sprema sobu
to radite

44 . NAPOMENA
Pri upoznavanju vrlo se esto upotrebljava izraz " How do you do " , koji odgovara
bosanskom izrazu " Drago mi je " . Taj se izraz ne smije upotrebiti umjesto "How are
you ",
koji znai " Kako ste "

GLAGOLI CAN

45 . Can , may i mast su defektni glagoli , to znai da nemaju svih oblika .

Njihove su zajednike osobine :

10 .
1 . imaju samo oblik za prezent i preterit , a must samo za prezent ,
2 . nemaju nastavka - s u 3. licu jednine prezenta ,
3 . upitni im se oblik prezenta ( i preterita , ako ga imaju ) tvori inverzijom , tj .
stavljanjem
glagola pred subjekt , a odrini dodavanjem not .
Iza defektivnih glagola dolazi infinitiv bez to.
CAN
46 . Can ima samo dva oblika : prezent can i preterit could .
( Konjugacija glagola can nalazi se u dodatku . ) Njegov se infinitiv , kao i ostali oblici
izraava sa to be able - moi . Npr . :
He can do it easily .
He could not sleep last night .
I cannot help you .
Will he be able to pass his exam
I havent been able to get the tickets .

On to moe lako uiniti .

Prole noi nije mogao spavati .
Ne mogu ti pomoi .
Hoe li on moi poloiti ispit
Nisam mogla dobiti karte .

Napomena
47. Gagol can je jedini glagol u engleskom jeziku koji se pie zajedno sa negacijom not
/cannot/.

Glagolom "can" izraavamo:

48. sposobnost. Na pr.:
Can you take down that box from
the shelf?
No, I cant,its too high for me
Can you play the violin?
Can you read Greek?

Moe li skinuti onu kutiju s police?

Ne, ne mogu,previsoko mi je.
Znate li svirati violinu?
Zna li itati grki?

49. njime pitamo za dozvolu.Na pr.:

Can I go to the river, father?
He asks if he can take my bicycle

Smijem li poi do rijeke, oe?

On pita da li smije uzeti moj bicikl?

50. Pitanje za dozvolu esto se izraava i sa could, koje ima uljudnije znaenje. Na pr.:
Could I have one of your cigarettes? Da li bih smio uzeti jednu od vaih cigareta?
Could I open the window?
Da li bih smio otvoriti prozor?

11 .

May
51. May ima samo prezent may i preterit might. Njegov se infinitiv i ostali oblici izraavaju
sa to be permitted ili to be allowed-smjeti. Na pr.:
You may come any time today.
Might I see you home?
He was not allowed to leave the
country.
You are not permitted to take
photographs here.

Moete /smijete/ doi danas u bilo koje vrijeme.

Da li bih vas smio otpratiti kui?
Nije smio /nije mu bilo doputeno/ da ode iz domovine.
Ovdje ne smijete fotografirati.

Glagolom "may" izraavamo

52. dozvolu. Na pr.:
You may enter now.
Smijete sada ui.
May I use your typewriter this afternon? Smijem li se posluiti vaim pisaim strojem
Yes, you may.
danas popodne? Smijete.
53. mogunost. Na pr.:
Take your umbrella. It may rain.
You had better write your homework.
The teacher may ask for it.

Uzmi kiobran . Moglo bi biti kie.

Bilo bi dobro da napie domau zadau.
Moda e je nastavnik traiti.

54. Umjesto may moe se u gornjim primjerima upotrijebiti might , gotovo bez ikakve
promjene u znaenju:
It might rain.
The teacher might ask for it.

Must
55. Must ima samo prezent must. Njegov se infinitiv i ostali oblici izraavaju sa to have, to
be obliged - morati. Na pr.:
You must forget it.
He must be more careful.
Must you really go now?
You must not eat too much ice-cream.

Mora to zaboraviti.
Mora biti oprezniji.
Mora li sada zaista ii?
Ne smije jesti previe sladoleda.

He had to see his doctor.

Morao je ii svome lijeniku.

They will have to take their children

to the seaside.
She will be obliged to stay at home.

Morat e povesti djecu na more.

Ona e morati ostati kod kue.

12 .

Glagolom "must" izraavamo:

56. obavezu. Na pr.:
It is getting late. You must go to bed.
Ve je kasno. Mora poi spavati .
I must go shopping or there will be lunch
Moram poi u kupovanje jer inae nee
biti
today.
danas ruka.
57.savjet. Na pr.:
You must read this book; I am sure you
Will like it

Mora proitati ovu knjigu; Siguran sam

da e ti se sviati

When you come visit to London you must

Tower.
visit the Tower.

Kada doe u London,mora posjetiti

58. vjerojatnost. Na pr.:

He must be seventy-five
Mora da mu je 75 godina.
It is a beautiful fur-coat:it must cost a lot.
To je krasan krzneni kaput;mora da
mnogo
stoji.
They must have been tired after this long
Mora da su bili umorni nakon duge etnje.
walk.
The fire must have broken out during the
Poar mora da je izbio u noi.
night.
59. Must znai obavezu, a must not zabranu. Na pr.:
The must get up earlu.
The must not get up earlu.

Moraju rano ustati.

Ne smiju rano ustati.

60 . Ne moram izraava se sa I need not . Npr . :

They need not get up early .

Ne moraju rano ustati .

61 . Primjeri za must , must not i need not :

must
We must clean our rooms .
You must take your dog with you .
He must wash his car .

Moramo oistiti svoje sobe .

Morate povesti sa sobom svog psa .
On mora oprati svoja kola .

must not
We must not lock the door.
You must not tell her that he is ill .
You must not runafter the tram .

Ne smijemo zakljuati vrata .

Ne smijete joj rei da je bolestan .
Ne smije trati za tramvajem .
13 .

need not
You need not worry .
Ne mora se zabrinjavati .
We need not hurry , there is plenty of time. Ne treba da se urimo , ima dovoljno
vremena .
You need not come before next week .
Ne treba da doe prije idueg tjedna .

GLAGOL OUGHT

62 . Ought je defektivan glagol , a razlikuje se od ostalih defektivnih glagola po tome to iza

njega dolazi infinitiv sa to .
Ought ima samo jedan oblik . Npr . :
You ought to eat more fruit .

Trebalo bi da jedete vie voa .

Glagolom " ought " izraavamo :

63 . moralnu obavezu . Npr . :

She ought to follow youradvice .
You ought not to forget your duties .

Trebalo bi da se dri vaeg savjeta .

Ne biste smjeli zaboraviti svoje dunosti .

64 . savjet . Npr . :
You ought to see the new play ,

Trebalo bi da pogledate novi komad ,

its very interesting .

You ought to stop eating so much bread .

vrlo je zanimljiv .
Trebalo bi da prestanete jesti toliko kruha .

Napomena : Za upotrebu should vidi t . 214 i 215

14 .

GLAGOLI PUNOG ZNAENJA

PREZENT
The Present Tense
65 . U engleskom jeziku postoje u prezentu , kao i u ostalim glagolskim vremenima ,
dva oblika : obini prezent ( The Simple Present Tense ) i nesvreni prezent
( The Present Continuous Tense ) .

Obini prezent ( The Simple Present Tense )

66 . Prezent glagola punog znaenja ima isti oblik kao infinitiv , osim u 3 . licu jednine ,
gdje se dodaje nastavak -s . Npr . :
Infinitiv : to open -otvoriti
Present : I open - otvaram
he opens -on otvara
67 . Odrini oblik tvori se od odrinog prezenta pomonog glagola do i infinitiva ( bez to )
glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I do not open . -Ne otvaram .
68 . Upitni oblik tvori se od upitnog prezenta glagola do i infinitiva ( bez to ) glagola
koji mijenjamo . N pr . :
Do I open

Otvaram li

69 . Odrino - upitni oblik tvori se tako da se iza upitnog oblika prezenta glagola do stavi
not i infinitiv ( bez to ) glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
Do I not open

Ne otvaram li

15 .

Oblici obinog prezenta glagola " open "

70 . potvrdno

odrino

I open
otvaram
I do not open
you open
otvara
you do not open
he , she , it opens on , ona ono otvara
he , she , it does not open
we open
you open
they open

otvaramo
otvarate
oni otvaraju

we do not open
you do not open
they do not open

upitno

odrino - upitno

do I open
do you open
does he , she , it open
do we open
do they open

do I not open
do you not open
does he , she , it not open
do we not open
do they not open

71 . Umjesto punih oblika pomonog glagola do obino se u odrinom i odrino - upitnom

obliku upotrebljavaju saeti oblici ( contracted forms ) . Npr . :
I do not - I dont , he does not -he doest , do I not - dont I does he not doesnt he
Napomene uz 3 . lice prezenta :
Nastavak -s u 3. licu prezenta moe se izgovarati na tri naina ,i to kao ( s ) , ( z ) i ( iz ) .
72 . Ako se infinitiv glagola u izgovoru svrava na bezvuan suglasnik ( p , k , t , f )
nastavak -s izgovara se ( s ) . Npr . :
stop
look
put
laugh

prestati
gledati
staviti
smijatise

stops
looks
puts
laughs

( stps )
( luks )
( puts )
( la:fs )

73 . Ako se infinitiv glagola uizgovoru svrava na zvuni suglasnik ( b , d , g , n , m , l )

ili na samoglasnik , nastavak -s izgovara se ( z ) . Npr . :

open
play
dig

otvoriti
igrati
kopati

opens
plays
digs

( oupnz )
( pleiz )
( digz )

16 .
74 . Ako se glagol u izgovoru svrava na s , z , , , i d , dodaje se u 3 . licu jednine
prezenta nastavak - es , koji se izgovara ( iz ) . Npr . :
kiss
brush
reach

poljubiti
oetkati
dosegnuti

kisses
brushes
reaches

( kisiz )
( briz )
( ri:tiz )

75 . Ako se glagol u infinitivu svrava na - e , dodaje se u 3 . licu samo -s . Npr .:

close
change
smile
leave

zatvoriti
mijenjati
smijeiti se
ostaviti

closes
changes
smiles
leaves

( klouziz )
( teind3iz )
( smailz )
( li:vz )

76 . Glagoli koji se u infinitivu svravaju na - o dobivaju u 3 . licu nastavak - es , koji se

izgovara
( z ) . Npr . :
go
do

ii
initi

goes
does

( gouz )
( dz )

77 . Ako se glagol svrava na -y u i i dodaje nastavak -es . Npr . :

worry
marry
carry
cry

zabrinjavati se
oeniti se
nositi
plakati

worries
marries
carries
cries

Ako je ispred -y samoglasnik , nema pred nastavkom - s u 3 . licu nikakvih promjena .

Npr :
obey
pay
slay

posluati
platiti
zaklati

obeys
pays
slays

obini se prezent upotrebljava :

78 . za radnju koja se redovito dogaa ili se u sadanjosti ponavlja . Uz takav prezent
moemo dodati izraze kao to su every week - svakog tjedna , every year svake godine , always - uvijek , sometimes - katkada , from time to time od vremena do vremena itd . Npr . :

He goes to a technical school .

My mother works in ashop .
They go to the mountains every year .
Our team plays football every Saturday .
17 .

On ide u tehniku kolu .

Moja majka radi u trgovini .
Oni idu svake godine u planine .
Naa momad igra nogomet svake subote .

79 . u opim tvrdnjama . Npr . ;

A child needs good care .
Djetetu treba mnogo njege .
In our country cherries ripen in June .
U naoj zemlji trenje dozrijevaju u lipnju .
80 . za izraavanje opepoznatih injenica . Npr . :
A year has 365 days .
Godina ima 365 dana .
Light spreads much more quickly than sound .Svjetlo se iri mnogo bre nego zvuk .
81 . u poslovicama . Npr . :
After rain comes sunshine .
Too many cooks spoil the broth .

Poslije kie sunce sja .

Previe kuhara - pokvarena orba .

82 . u ivom opisivanju prolih dogaaja ( historijski prezent ) . Npr . :

She snatches the letter out of my hand ,
tears it to pieces and throws it into the fire .

Ona mi zgrabi pismo iz ruke ,

rastrga ga na komade i baci u vatru .

83 . za buduu , unaprijed planiranu radnju . Takav se prezent estonalazi u prospektima

putikih agencija . Npr . :
We leave Zagreb at 630 , reach the
airport at 7 , take off at 730 and
arrive in London at 11 .
84

Odlazimo iz Zagreba u 630 stiemo na

aerodrom u 7 , uzlijeemo u 730 i
stiemo u London u 11 .

u vremenskim i pogodbenim reenicama ako je u glavnoj reenici futur ili imperativ :

Telefonirat u ti kad doem kui .
On e zavriti svoj posao ako bude imao
vremena .
Shut the window before the wind breaks it. Zatvori prozor prije nego to ga razbije vjetar
I shall ring you up when I come home .
He will finish his work if he has time .

nesveni prezent ( The Prezent Continuous Tense )

85 . Nesvreni prezent tvori se od prezenta pomonog glagola be i participa prezenta glagola

koji mijenjamo .

18 .
86 . Particip prezenta tvori se tako da se infinitivu doda nastavak -ing . Npr . :
work - raditi
bring - donijeti
play - igrati

working -radei
bringing - donosei
playing - igrajui

87 . Prema tome nesvreni prezent glagola read glasi :

I am reading - itam
you are reading - ita . . .
88 . Odrini oblik se tvori tako da se iza pomonog glagola stavi not . Npr . :
I am not reading - ne itam
you are not reading - ne ita ...
89 . Upitni oblik tvori se tako da se pomoni glagol stavi pred subjekat . Npr . :
am I reading - itam li
are you reading - ita li ...
90 . Odrino - upitni oblik tvori se tako da se iza upitnog oblika pomonog glagola stavi not
i particip prezenta . Npr . :
am I not reading - ne itam li
are you not reading - ne ita li ..

napomena uz particip prezenta

91 . Ako se glagol u infinitivu svrava na - e koje se ne izgovara , to- e pred nastavkom
- ing ispada . Npr . :
write - pisati
smoke - puiti

writing - piui
smoking - puei

92 . Ako se glagol svrava na jedan suglasnik ispred kojega stoji kratak , naglaen
samoglasnik,
krajnji se suglasnik ispred - ing podvostruava . Npr . :
hit - udariti
stop - prestati
permit - dopustiti
begin - poeti

hitting - udarajui
stopping - prestajui
permitting - doputajui
beginning - poinjui

93 . Krajnje se -l uvijek podvostruava . Npr . :

level - izravnati
levelling - izravnavajui
travel - putovati
travelling - putujui
19 .

nesvreni prezent upotrebljava se :

94 . za radnju koja se sada dogaa . Npr . :
The wind is blowing .
What is Jane doing
She is practising the piano .

Vjetar pue .
to radi Jane
Vjeba klavir .

95 . za radnju u blioj budunosti , obino uz vremenske izraze kojipokazuju budunost

.Npr:
We are leaving this evening .
She is singing in the opera tomorrow .
He is meeting me at thestation at 7 .

Odlazimo veeras .
Ona sutra pjeva u operi .
Doekat e me na stanici u 7 sati .

96 . za radnju koja se ne dogaa u ovom asu , ali je jo u toku . Npr . :

He is translating a novel by
William Faulkner .
Have you heard that they are
constructing a new type of submarine

On prevodi jedan roman

Williama Faulknera .
Jeste li uli da se
izgrauje novi tip podmornice .

97 . za radnju koja se ponavlja , obino uz priloge koji oznauju ponavljanje . Npr . :

He is always askingquestions .
On uvijek neto pita .
She is constantly complaining of the cold . Ona se neprestano tui da joj je hladno .

glagoli koji se ne upotrebljavaju u nesvrenom prezentu

98 . Najobiniji glagoli koji se ne upotrebljavaju u nesvrenom obliku jesu :
hear - uti , see - vidjeti , taste - okusiti , smell -mirisati , remember - sjetiti se ,
understand - razumjeti , wish - eljeti , want - htjeti , know - znati ... Npr . :
I hear a noise in the next room .
Stop Dont you see the red light
This cake tastes good .
Do you remember our first dance
Do you understand my words
I wish you a lot of happiness .

ujem nekakvu buku u susjednoj sobi .

Stani Zar ne vidi crveno svjetlo
Ovaj kola ima dobar ukus .
Sjea li se naeg prvog plesa
Razumijete li moje rijei
elim vam mnogo sree .

I know that you dont understand me .

Znam da me ne razumijete .

20 .
99 . Treba paziti na razliku izmeu glagola see - vidjeti i look at - gledati ; hear - uti
i listen to - sluati .
See i hear oznauju nesvjesnu upotrebu osjetila , neovisnuo naoj volji , dok look at i
listen to upotrebljavaju i u nesvrenom obliku . Npr . :
What are you looking at
I am looking at the beautiful flowers
in your garden.
He is listening to the news .

to to gledate
Gledam krasno cvijee
u naem vrtu .
On sada slua vijesti .

PRETERIT
The PreteriteTense
100 . Preteritom u engleskom jeziku izriu se proli dogaaji , dok je u bosanskom jeziku
najobinije vrijeme za izricanje prolih dogaajaperfekt ( doao je , vidjela je , kupili
smo )

Tvorba preterita
101. Preterit pravilnih glagola tvori se tako da se infinitivu doda nastavak - ed . Npr . :
open - otvoriti

I opened - otvorio sam

Ako se glagol u infinitivu svrava na - e , dodaje se u preteritu samo - d Npr . :

smoke - puiti

I smoked - puio sam

102 . Preterit nepravilnih glagola ne tvori se prema stalnim pravilima , ve ga treba

nauiti za svaki glagol posebno . Npr . :
bring - donijeti
go - ii
give - dati

I brought - donio sam

I went - iao sam
I gave - dao sam

103 . Preterit pravilnih i nepravilnih glagola ima samo jedan oblik za sva lica jednine i
mnoine .
1o4 . Odrini oblik preterita pravilnih i nepravilnih glagola tvori se od odrinog preterita

glagola do ( did not ) i infinitiva ( bez to ) glagola koji mijenjamo . N PR . :

I did not open - nisam otvorio
he did not bring - on nije donio

21 .
105 . Upitni oblik preterita pravilnih i nepravilnih glagola tvori se tako da se did stavi
ispred subjekta i doda infinitiv ( bez to ) glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
did you open
did he bring

jesi li otvorio
je li on donio

106 . Odrino - upitni oblik preterita pravilnih i nepravilnih glagola tvori se tako da se iza
upitnog oblika preterita glagola do stavi not i infinitiv glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
did I not bring
did he not open

107 . Oblici

nisam li donio
nije li on otvorio

preterita glagola " open "

potvrdno

odrino

I opened - otvorio sam

you opened - otvorio si
he , she , it opened

I did not open

you did not open
he , she , it did not open

we opened
you open
they opened

we did not open

you did not open
they did not open

upitno

odrino - upitno

did I open
did you open
did ( he , she , it ) open
did we open
did you open
did they open

did I not open

did you not open
did ( he , she , it ) open
did we not open
did you not open
did they not open

108 . Umjesto punih oblika pomonog glagola do upotrbljavaju se u odrinomi u odrino upitnom obliku saeti oblici . Npr . :

I did not - I didnt

did I not - didnt I

22 .

Napomene uz tvorbu preterita

109 . Ako se glagol svrava na jedan suglasnik ispred kojega stoji jedan kratak , naglaen
samoglasnik , krajnji se suglasnik ispred - ed podvostruava . Npr . :
plan - planirati
skip - skakati
drag - vui

planned
skipped
dragged

110 . Krajnje se -l uvijek podvostruava . Npr . :

level - izravnati
travel - putovati

levelled
travelled

111 . Ako se glagol svrava na - y ispred kojega stoji suglasnik , tajse -y mijenja u i ispred
nastavka -ed . Npr . :
worry - zabrinjavati se
cry - plakati
marry - oeniti se

worried
cried
married

Ako ispred y stoji samoglasnik , nema pred nastavkom - ed nikakvih promjena . Npr . :
obey - posluati
stay - ostati

obeyed
stayed

Nastavak - ed u preteritu moe se izgovarati na tri naina : kao ( t ) , ( d ) i ( id ) .

112 . Ako se glagol u infinitivu svrava na bezvuan suglasnik ( p , k, f ,s, ) , nastavak
-ed izgovara se ( t ) . Npr . :
look - gledati
skip - skakati
laugh - smijati se
push - gurati

looked
skipped
laughed
pushed

( lukt )
( skipt )
( la:ft )
( put )

113 . Ako se glagol u infinitivu svrava na zvuan suglasnik ili na samoglasnik , nastavak ed izgovara se ( d ) . Npr . :
open - otvoriti
opened
( oupnd )
close - zatvoriti
closed
( klouzd )
obey - posluati
obeyed
( obeid )
114 . Ako se glagol u infinitivu svrava na ( t ) ili ( d ) nastavak - ed izgovara se ( id ) .Npr .

command - zapovijediti
mend - krpati
wait - ekati

commanded
mended
waited
23 .

( kma:ndid )
( mendid )
( weitid )

Preterit se upotrebljava :
115 . za radnju koja se u prolosti zavrila . Stoga se preterit redovito upotrebljava u
reenicama sa prilokim oznakama koje oznauju prolo vrijeme , kao to su :
yesterday - juer , the day before yesterday - prekjuer , two weeks ago prije dva tjedna , in 1946 - 1946 . godine , i u pitanjima koja poinju sa when .
There was a strong wind on the
Juer je bio jak vjetar na Kanalu .
Channel yesterday.
Two days ago I received a card from John . Prije dva dana primio sam kartu od Johna
.

When did you see the film

Kada si vidio taj film

116 . kad se misli na neki proli dogaaj iako nije prilogom oznaeno vrijeme kad se
radnja dogodila . Npr . :
They met in Pris .
She left her umbrella inthe train .
Did you enjoy the concert

Sreli su se u Parizu .
Ostavila je kiobran u vlaku .
Je li ti se sviao koncert

117 . u zavisnoj reenici ako je u glavnoj reenici preterit ( vidi pravila o slsgsnju vremena )
:
I thought he was an Englishman .
Mislio sam da je Englez .
The teacher told me I talked too much . Uitelj mi je govorio da previe govorim .
She realized that he did not love
Shvatila je da je on vie ne voli .
her any more .
118 . iza izraza kao :I wish - kamo sree da , if only - kad bi barem , it is high time krajnje je vrijeme , as if - kao da , koji oznauju neto to nije ostvareno ili se ne
moe ostvariti . Npr. :
I wish I had a new car .
If only you were kinder to her .
He behaves as if he were my chief .

Volio bih da imam nova kola .

Kad bi ti barem bio bolji prema njoj .
Onse ponaa kao da je moj ef .

Nesvreni preterit ( The Preterite Continuous Tense )

119 . Nesvreni preterit tvori se od preterita pomonog glagola be i participa prezenta
glagola
koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I was reading - itao sam

120 . Odrini oblik tvori se tako da se iza pomonog glagola stavi not . Npr. :
I was not reading - nisam itao
24 .
121 . Upitni oblik tvori se tako da se pomoni glagol stavi pred subjekt . Npr . :
was I reading - jesam li itao
122. Odrino - upitni oblik tvori se tako tako da se iza upitnog oblika pomonog glagola
stavi not i particip prezenta . Npr . :
was I not reading - nisam li itao
123 . Umjesto punih oblika pomonog glagola be obino se u odrinom i odrino - upitnom
obliku upotrebljavaju saeti oblici . Npr . :
I was not - I wasnt , you were not - you werent , was I not
wasnt I were they not - werent they

Nesvreni preterit se upotrebljava :

124. za radnju koja je u prolosti trajala u asu kad se dogodila neka druga prola radnja .
Ta se druga prola radnja kazuje obinim preteritom . Npr . :
I was just having lunch when he rushed
Upravo sam ruao kad je on uletio u
sobu .
into the room .
When he leftthe house the sun was shining . Kad je otiao od kue , sjalo je sunce .
When we arrived they were playing cards .
Kad smo doli , oni su se kartali .
125 . za dvije radnje koje traju istovremeno , bez obzira na to kad su zapoele i kad e
se zavriti . Npr . :
The children were playing while their
mothers were chatting .
While it was raining , he was sitting
in a cafe .
They were running across the field
while the bombs were falling .

Djeca su se igrala dok su njihove majke

avrljale .
Dok je padala kia on je sjedio u kavani .
Trali su preko polja dok su padale bombe .

126 . u zavisnoj reenici umjesto nesvrenog prezenta ako je u glavnoj reenici preterit
( vidi pravila o slaganju vremena ) . Npr . :
I knew that he was talking to her
keri .

Znao sam da se s njom razgovara o njenoj

about her daughter .

He could hear that the bell was
vrata .
ringing , and yet he did not open the door .

uo je da zvono zvoni , a ipak nije otvorio

25 .

PERFEKT
The Present Perfekt Tense
127 . U engleskom jeziku perfekt nije prolo vrijeme kao u bosanskom . Engleskim
perfektom
kazuje se radnja koja je uvijek na neki nain povezana sa sadanjou . Zato se to
vrijeme
u engleskim gramatikama i zove Prezent Perfekt Tense .

Tvorba perfekta
128 . Perfekt se tvori od prezenta pomonog glagola have i participa perfekta ( The Past
Participle ) glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I have taken - uzeo sam , he has forgotten - zaboravio je ,
she has answered - odgovorila je .
129 . Particip perfekta pravilnih glagola tvori se tako da se infinitivu doda nastavak - ed .
Prema tome je particip perfekta pravilnih glagola jednak preteritu , pa za particip
perfekta
vrijede one iste napomene koje vrijede i za tvorbu preterita .
130 . Particip perfekta nepravilnih glagola ne tvori se prema nekom stalnom pravilu , ve
ga treba nauiti za svaki glagol posebno . Npr . :
infinitiv :
to forget - zaboraviti
to take - uzeti
to give - dati

particip perfekta :
forgotten
taken
given

131 . Odrini oblik perfekta tvori se od odrinog oblika prezenta pomonog glagola have
i participa perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I have not taken - nisam uzeo
132 . Upitni oblik perfekta tvori se od upitnog oblika prezenta glagola have i participa
perfekta . Npr . :
have I taken - jesam li uzeo

133 . Odrino - upitni oblik perfekta tvori se od odrino - upitnog oblika pomonog glagola
have i participa perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr .:
have I not taken - nisam li uzeo

26 .

134 . Umjesto punih oblika pomonog glagola have obino se upotrebljavaju saeti oblici .
Npr:
I have taken - Ive taken , he has taken - hes taken , you have not taken you havent taken , she has not taken - she hasnt taken , have we not taken
-havent we taken - has he not taken - hasnt he taken

Perfekt se upotrebljava :
135 . za radnju koja je poela u prolosti i koja jo traje . Npr . :
He has been ill since February .
He has lived here for three years .
They have been absent for five weeks .

Bolestan je ( ve ) od veljae .
On ovdje ivi ( ve ) tri godine .
Odsutni su ( ve ) pet tjedana .

Takav se perfekt gotovo uvijek prevodi na bosanski prezentom , uz koji esto stoji ve .

Napomena :
136 . Kad bismo u gornjim reenicama upotrebili preterit umjesto perfekta , njihovo
znaenje bi
se potpuno izmijenilo . Tako : He lived here for three years znai da je on ovdje ivio
tri godine , ali vie ne ivi ovdje . Isto tako : They were absent for five weeks
znailo bi da su bili odsutni pet tjedana , ali su se vratili i sada su tu .
Preteritom , dakle , izraavamo radnju koja je potpuno zavrena u prolosti i nema
veze
sa sadanjou .

Since
137 . Uz since redovito stoji perfekt jer since znai : od neke vremenske take u prolosti
pa do sada . Npr .:

Since his arrival he has worked

in a chemical plant .
I have not seen him since
we returned from England .

Od svog dolaska on radi u jednoj kemijskoj

tvornici .
Nisam ga vidio otkad smo se vratili iz Engleske .

27 .

For
138 . For oznaava vremensko razdoblje . Ako to razdoblje see do sadanjeg momenta ,
upotrebljava se uz for perfekt , a ako je prolo , moramo upotrebiti preterit . Npr . :
They have been married for five years .
He has lived in this street for a long time .

Oni su u braku ve pet godina .

On u ovoj ulici stanuje ve dugo vremena .

ALI
He lived here for five months , and now
he is in London .

On je stanovao ovdje pet mjeseci , a sada je

u Londonu .

139 . za radnju kod koje ne elimo istaknuti vrijeme kad se dogodila , ve samo
injenicu da se dogodila . Npr . :
I have been to London .
She has bought a new dress .
He has lost his umbrella .

Bio sam u Londonu .

Kupila je novu haljinu .
Izgubio je kiobran .

140 . Kad bi smo spomenuli vrijeme kad se radnja dogodila , morali bismo upotrebili
preterit . Npr . :
I was in London last year .
She bought a new dress in January .

Bio samu Londonu prole godine .

Kupila je novu haljinu u sijenju .

141 . uz priloge vremena koji oznauju vremensko razdoblje koje jo nije zavreno .
Takvi su priloki izrazi : today - danas , this morning - jutros , this autumn jesenas , this year - ove godine , never - nikada , always - uvijek , Npr . :
I have worked hard today .
Danas sam mnogo radio .
I have not seen him this morning .
Jutros ga nisam vidio .
We have not had much fruit this autumn . Ove jeseni nismo imali mnogo voa .
She has always been fond of children .
Uvijek je voljela djecu .
I have never seen such a pretty girl .
Nikad nisam vidio tako draesnu djevojku .
142 . uz " just " za radnju koja se upravo zavrila . Npr . :

He has just finished his lecture .

She has just returned from her holiday .

Upravo je zavrio svoje predavanje .

Upravo se vratila s godinjeg odmora .

28 .

Nesvreni perfekt ( The Present Perfekt Continuous )

143 . Nesvreni perfekt tvori se od perfekta pomonog glagola to be i participa prezenta
glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I have been reading - itao sam
144 . Odrini oblik tvori se od odrinog oblika perfekta pomonog glagola to be i participa
prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I have not been reading - nisam itao .
145 . Upitni oblik tvori se tako da se iza upitnog oblika perfekta ponog glagola to be stavi
particip prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo .Npr . :
have I been reading - jesam li itao
146 . Odrino - upitni oblik tvori se tako da se iza odrino - upitnog oblika perfekta
pomonog
glagola to be stavi particip prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
have I not been reading - nisam li itao

Napomena :
147 . Umjesto punih oblika pomonog glagola to have upotrebljavaju se saeti oblici (
v.t.134 .)

Nesvreni perfekt se upotrebljava :

148 . za radnju koja ve neko vrijeme neprekidno traje , a vjerojatno e jo potrajati . Npr . :
He has been travelling for three months .
I have been speaking to you for two hours .
Our son has been reading Oliver Twist for
two months .

On ve tri mjeseca putuje .

Ve dva sata s vama razgovaram .
Na sin ve dva mjeseca ita Olivera
Tvista .

149 . Glagoli kao sit - sjediti , stand - stajati , lie - leati , rest - poivati , wait - ekati ,
koji oznauju stanje , gotovo se uvijek upotrebljavaju u nesvrenom perfektu . Npr . :
He has been lyving in bed for ten days .

On ve deset dana lei u postelji .

He has been standing in the corridor for

On ve pola sata stoji u hodniku .
half an hour .
She has been waiting forhim since four oclock . Ona ga eka ve od etiri sata .

29 .

PLUSKVAMPERFEKT
The Past Perfekt Tense
150 . Pluskvamperfektom izraavamo prolu radnju koja se zavrila prije neke druge prole
radnje . Obino se upotrebljava u sloenim reenicama . Npr . :
When I came home they had gone tothe cinema .Kad sam doao kui , oni su bili
otili u kino .

Tvorba pluskvamperfekta
151 . Pluskvamperfekt se tvori od preterita pomonog glagola to have i participa perfekta
glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I had taken
she had forgotten
he had answered

- bio sam uzeo

- bila je zaboravila
- bio je odgovorio

152 . Odrini oblik pluskvamperfekta tvori se od odrinog oblika preterita pomonog

glagola to have i participa perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I had not taken
she had not forgotten
he had not answered

- nisam bio uzeo

- nije bila zaboravila
- nije bio odgovorio

153 . Upitni oblik plusvamperfekta tvori se od upitnog oblika preterita pomonog glagola to
have i participa perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
had I taken
had she forgotten
had he answered

- jesam li ja bio uzeo

- je li ona bila zaboravila
- je li on bio odgovorio

154 . Odrino - upitni oblik pluskvamperfekta tvori se od odrino - upitnog oblika

preterita pomonog glagola to have i participa perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr .
:
had I not taken
had she not forgotten
had he not answered

- nisam li bio uzeo

- nije li bila zaboravila
- nije li bio odgovorio

155 . Umjesto punih oblika glagola to have upotrebljavaju se u pluskvamperfektu saeti

oblici : Npr : I had taken - Id taken , he had not taken - he hadnt taken ,
had they not taken - he hadnt taken , had they not taken - hadnt they taken
30.

Pluskvamperfekt se upotrebljava :
156 . za radnju koja se zavrila prije neke druge prole radnje . Npr . :
She suddently found that she had lost
her camera .
When I called on him he had already left .

Odjednom je ustanovila da je izgubila

fotografski aparat .
Kad sam ga posjetio , on je ve bio otiao

He showed her the picture he had bought

in Italy .

Pokazao joj je sliku koju je bio kupio

u Italiji .

157 . u zavisnim reenicama uz after . Npr . :

After we had reached the top , we began
to feel tired .
His friends tried to help him after he had
lost all his money .

Poto smo se popeli na vrh , poeli smo

osjeati umor .
Prijatelji su nastojali da mu pomognu
poto je izgubio sav svoj novac .

158 . u zavisnoj reenici umjesto perfekta i preterita ako je u glavnoj reenici preterit . Npr :
I was told that our team had lost the game .
He told me that he had bought a small

Rekli su mi da je naa momad

izgubila igru .
Rekao mi je da je kupio kuicu na moru

.
house at the seaside .
159 . iza izraza : I wish - kamo sree da , if only - kad bi barem , as if - kao da ,
pluskvamperfektom se izraava neto to nije ostvareno u prolosti . Npr . :
I wish I had known this before .
If only I had been more careful .
He pronounced English as if he
had never heard anybody speak
English before .

Kamo sree da sam to prije znao .

Da sam barem bio oprezniji .
Izgovarao je engleski kao da prije
nije nikada nikoga uo govoriti
engleski .

Nesvreni pluskvamperfekt ( The Past Perfekt Continuous )

160 . Nesvreni pluskvamperfekt tvori se od pluskvamperfekta pomonog glagola
to be i participa prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr .:
I had been reading - bio sam itao

161 . Odrini oblik tvori se od odrinog oblika pluskvamperfekta pomonog glagola to be

i participa prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I had not been reading - nisam bio itao .

31 .
162 . Upitni oblik tvori se tako da se iza upitnog oblika plusvamperfekta pomonog glagola
to be stavi particip prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
had I been reading - jesam li bio itao
163 . Odrino - upitni oblik tvori se tako da se iza odrino - upitnog oblika plusvamperfekta
pomonog glagola to be stavi particip prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
had I not been reading - nisam li bio itao
164 . Umjesto punih oblika glagola have upotrebljavaju se saeti oblici
I hadnt been , hadnt I been ...

Nesvreni pluskvamperfekt se upotrebljava :

165 . za radnju koja je trajala prije neke prole radnje i vjerovatno se i nastavila . Npr . :
He talked about the novel
he had been writing .
She showed me the pullover
she had been knitting .

Govorio je o romanu to ga je pisao .

Pokazala mi je pulover to ga je plela .

Napomena :
166 . Kad bi u prethodnim primjerima umjesto nesvrenog pluskvamperfekta stajao obini
plusvamperfekt , znaenje bi se promijenilo . Npr . :
He talked about the novel he had written .
She showed me the pullover she had knitted .

Govorio je o romanu to ga je napisao .

Pokazala mi je pulover to ga je splela .

167 . u zavisnoj reenici umjesto trajnog perfekta i preterita ako je u glavnoj reenici
preterit ( vidi pravila o slaganju vremena ) . Npr . :

I knew that he had been working all night .

She told me that her husband had been
putovao
travelling the whole winter .
32 .

Znao sam da je radio cijelu no .

Rekla mi je da je njezin suprug
cijelu zimu .

FUTUR
The Future Tense
168 . Futur je glagolsko vrijeme kojim se izraava budunost ( npr : doi u sutra , proitat
u
njegovo pismo ... )
169 . U engleskom jeziku budunost se moe izraziti na nekoliko naina :
futurom , nesvrenim prezentom , oblikom " going to " i prezentom .
170 . Futur se tvori s pomonim glagolima shall i will i infinitivom ( bez to ) glagola
koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I shall ( will ) take
you will take
he ( she , it ) will take

- uzet u
- uzet e
- on ( ona , ono ) e uzeti

we shall ( will ) take

you will take
they will take

- uzet emo
- uzet ete
- uzet e ( oni , one , ona )

Vidimo da se shall ili will upotrebljavaju za 1. lice jednine i mnoine , a will za 2 . i 3 .

lice jednine i mnoine .
171 . Odrini oblik futura tvori se tako da se iza pomonog glagola shall ili will stavi not ,
a iza njega infinitiv ( bez to ) glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I shall ( will ) not take - neu uzeti
you will not take
-nee uzeti ...
172 . Upitni oblik futura tvori se da se shall ili will stavi pred subjekt i doda infinitiv ( bez to
)
glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
shall I take
will you take

- hou li uzeti
- hoe li uzeti

173 . Odrino - upitni oblik futura tvori se od odrino - upitnog oblika glagola shall ili will

i infinitiva ( bez to ) glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :

shall I not take
will you not take

- neu li uzeti
- nee li uzeti

33 .

174 . U modernom se engleskom jeziku rijetko upotrebljavaju puni oblici . Umjesto njih
upotrebljavaju se saeti oblici ( contracted forms ) . Npr :
I shall take
you will take
I shall not take
you will not take
shall we not take
will thwy not take

- Ill take
- youll take
- I shant take
- you wont take
- shant we take
- wont they take

Napomena :
175 . U modernom engleskom jeziku , a pogotovu u amerikom govoru , sve vie prevladava
upotreba glagola will u potvrdnom i odrinom obliku futura za sva lica jednine i
mnoine.

Futur se upotrebljava
176 . za istu budunost :
In three years Zagreb will have one
million inhabitans .
We shall finish this course in five months .

Za tri godine Zagreb e imati milion

stanovnika .
Zavrit emo ovaj teaj za pet mjeseci .

177 . za izraavanje namjere , odluke , prijetnje ili obeanja . U tom sluaju upotrebljava
se za 1 . lice will , a za 2 . i 3 . shall . Npr . :
I will help him because he needs my help .
I will lend you any book you need .
You shall have a new hat as soon as
I getmy pay .
You shant go fishing with me tomorrow .

Napomena :

Odluio sam mu pomoi jer mu je moja

pomo potrebna .
Posudit u ti svaku knjigu koju
treba ( obeanje )
Dobit e novi eir im dobijem plau .
Nee sa mnom ii sutra na ribolov .
( odluka , prijetnja ) .

Usporedite ova dva primjera :

I shall not speak German .
I will not speak German .

Neu govoriti njemaki .

Neu da govorim njemaki .

34 .

Nesvreni futur ( The Future Continuous Tense )

178 . Nesvreni futur tvori se od futura glagola to be i participa prezenta glagola koji . Npr .
:
I shall be reading
you will be reading

- itat u
- itat e...

179 . Odrini oblik tvori se tako da sefutur glagola to be stavi u odrini oblik i da mu se
doda
particip prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
I shall not be reading
you will not be reading

- neu itati
- nee itati

180 . Upitni oblik tvori se tako da se futur glagola to be stavi u upitni oblik i da mu se doda
particip prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo. Na pr.:
shal I be reading?
will you be reading?

- hou li itati?
- hoe li itati? i td.

181. Odrino-upitni oblik tvori se tako da se futur glagola to be stavi u odrino-upitni oblik i
da mu se doda particip prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo.Na pr.:
shall I not be reading?
will you not be reading?

- neu li itati?
- nee li itati?

Nesvreni futur upotrebljava se:

182. za buduu radnju koja e neko vrijeme trajati. Na pr.:
He will be playing in our team next Sunday.
On nee u nedelju igrati u naoj
momadi.
We shall be travelling all night.
Putovat emo cijelu no.
183. za buduu radnju koja e trajati prije i poslije nekog budueg momenta ili radnje.
Na pr.:
At eight oclock tonight I shall be listening
Veeras u osam sati sluat u radio.
to the wireless.

If you ring me up at seven oclock I wont

answer because Ishall be sleeping.

Ako me nazove u sedam sati, neu se

javiti na telefon jer u /u to vrijeme/ sp
vati.

35.

Svreni futur / The Future Perfekt Tense/

184 Svreni futur tvori se od shall ili will i infinitiva perfekta / vidi 222/ glagola koji
mijenamo.
Na pr.:
I shall have taken
You will have taken

-uzet u
- uzet e i td.

Svreni futur upotrabljava se:

185. za radnju koja e biti zavrena do nekog odreenog momenta u budunosti.Uz svreni
futur uvijek stoji neka oznaka budueg vremena. Na pr.:
He will have sold all the tickets by Saturday.

Do subote e ve prodati sve karte.

Before the end of the holiday he will have

spent all the money.

Prije zavretka praznika potroit e

ve sav novac.

By the time you get this letter I shall have

begun the second part of my journey.

Kad primi ovo pismo , ja u ve zapoeti drugi dio svoga putovanja.

Napomena
186.Kako vidimo iz navedenih primjera , engleski nesvreni futur prevodi se na bosanski jezik futurom nesvrenog glagola. Na pr.: I shall be speaking-govorit u; he will be swimming-on e plivati; it will be raining-padat e kia itd.
Svreni futur prevodi se na na jezik futurom svrenih glagola. Na pr.:he will have
writen
- napisat e; we shall have arrived-stii emo; she will have left-ona e otii itd.

Izraavanje budunosti nesvrenim prezentom

187 . Nesvrenim prezentom izraavamo unaprijed dogovorenu radnju u blioj budunosti .
Stoga se uz to vrijeme obino upotrebljava neki prilog ili priloka oznaka koja to
oznauje:
We are playing footbal tomorrow .

Sutra emo igrati nogomet .

I am coming after lunch .

Our orchestra is playing in Switzerland
next week .

Doi u poslije ruka .

Na e orkestar svirati u vicarskoj
idueg tjedna .

36 .
188 . Glagoli koji se ne upotrebljavaju u nesvrenim vremenima ne mogu izraziti budunost
na taj nain . Npr . : know - znati , understand - razumjeti , hear - uti ...
Budunost tih glagola izraava se sa shall i will . Npr . :
Sve u o tome saznati veeras .
Uskoro u vam se javiti .
On e me bolje razumjeti za nekoliko
minuta .

I shall know all about it tonight .

You will hearfrom me soon .
He will understand me better a few
minutes .

189 . Glagol see moe se upotrijebiti i u nesvrenom prezentu za radnju u blizoj budunosti ,
ali u drugom znaenju . Npr . :
Sastat u se s njim sutra .
( tako smo se dogovorili ) .

I am seeing him tomorrow .

Izraavanje budunosti sa " going to "

190 . Budunost se izraava i nesvrenim prezentom glagola go ( I am going , you are going
...)
i infinitivom glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr :
I am going to bui
you are going to take
he is going to leave

- kupit u
- uzet ete
- on e otputovati ...

191 . Tim se oblikom izraava budua radnja koju subjekt poduzima svjesno i po svojoj
odluci
i zato se ee upotrebljava za osobe , a rjee za stvari . Npr . :
I am going to build a garage .
We are going to sped our summer
holiday at the seaside .
He is going to bui a new car .

Sagradit u garau .
Provest emo svoje ljetne praznike
na moru .
On e kupiti novi auto .

192 . Tim se oblikom moe takoer izraziti da je neko siguran da e se neto dogoditi . Npr :
Look at the sunset . It is going to be
a lovely day tomorrow .
You have eaten toomany sweets .
I am afraid you are going to be sick .

Pogledaj zalaz sunca . Sutra e biti

krasan dan .
Pojeo si previe slatkia . Bojim se da e ti
biti zlo .

193 . Uz glagole go i come ne upotrebljava se oblik going to . Umjesto njega obino se

upotrebljava nesvreni prezent tih glagola . Npr . :

I am going to the cinema ( umjesto: I am going to go ).
He is coming tomorrow ( umjesto : He is going to come )

37 .

Izraavanje budunosti obinim prezentom

194 . Katkada se budua , unaprijed planirana radnja moe izraziti i obinim prezentom .
Tim se oblikom obino sluimo kad iznosimo detaljne planove ekog putovanja ,
izleta itd . Npr . :
We leave Zagreb at 10 a . m . , arrive Odlazimo iz Zagreba u 10 sati ujutro ,
in Paris at 950next day , stay in Paris
dolazimo u Pariz u 950 idueg dana .
five hours and reach Calais about 9 p. m . Ostajemo u Parizu pet sati i stiemo u
Calais oko 9 uvee .

To bi se isto moglo izraziti i svim ostslim nainima za izraavanje budunosti, ali je

ovaj
nain, zbog svoje kratkoe, za takve svrhe najpodesniji.
Napomena
195.Ako ste u sumnji kojim da se od navedenih naina posluite za izraavanje budunosti
najmanje ete pogrijeiti ako se odluite za futur sa shall i will.

KONDICIONAL
T h e Co n d i t i o n a l
196. Kondicional se tvori od pomonog glagola should i would i infinitiva /bez to/ glagola
koji mijenjamo.
197. Sadanji kondicional tvori se sa should i would i infinitivom perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo./Za tvorbu infinitiva perfekta vidi 222/ Na pr.:

I should take - uzeo bih

Sadanji kondicional
you would take - ti bi uzeo i td.

38.

Ishould have taken - bio bi uzeo

Proli kondicional
you would have taken - ti bi bio uzeo i td.

198.Odrini oblik kondicionala tvori se tako da se iza should i would stavi not. Na pr.:

I should not take - ne bih uzeo

you would not take - ti nebi uze i td.
I should not have taken - ne bih bio uzeo i td.
you would not have taken - ti ne bi bio uzeo i td.

199.Upitni oblik tvori se tako da se should ili would stavi pred subjekt. Na pr.:
should I take? - da li bih uzeo?
would you take? - da li bi ti uzeo? itd.
should I have taken?- da li bih bio uzeo?
would you have taken?-bi li ti bio uzeo? itd.
200.Odrino-upitni oblik tvori se tako da se iza should ili would i subjekta umetne not.Npr.:
should I not take?- ne bih li uzeo ?
would you not take - ne bi li ti uzeo? itd.
should I not have taken? - ne bih li bio uzeo?
would you not have taken - ne bi ji ti bio uzeo? itd.
201.U mjesto punih oblika upotrebljavaju se esto saeti oblici. Na pr.:
I should take - I'd take
you would take-you'd take
I should not take - I shouldn't take
you would not take - you wouldn't take
should I not take - shouldn't I take?
would you not take - wouldn't you take?

Kondicional sadanji i kondicional proli upotrebljavaju se u pogodbenim reenicama.

39.

Pogodbene reenice
202. Pogodbene reenice su zavisno-sloene reenice kojima se kazuje:
da e se neto ostvariti ako se ispuni neki uslov;
da bi se neto ostvarilo kad bi se ispunio neki uslov;
da bi se neto bilo ostvarilo da se ispunio neki uslov.
Na pr.:
Ako prestane kia, poi emo u etnju.
Kad bi prestala kia, poli bi smo u etnju.
Da je prestala kia bili bismo poli u etnju.
I u engleskom jeziku pogodbene reenice sastoje se od dva dijela: glavne reenice i
zavisne
reenice. Zavisna reenica obino poinje veznikom "if" pa se esto zove "if" clause.
Glavna reenica moe stajati ispred "if" reenice ili iza nje.
Na pr.:
We shall go for a walk if the rain stops. Poi emo u etnju ako prestane kia.
If the rein stops,we shall go for a walk. Ako prestane kia, poi emo u etnju.
203. U engleskom jeziku postoje tri glavna tipa pogodbenih reenica.

I
Glavna reenica

"if" reenica

futur

prezent

I shall come
Doi u

if you invite me.

ako me pozove.
II

kondicional

preterit

I should come
Doao bih

if you invited me.

kad bi me ti pozvao.

III

Kondicional proli

pluskvamperfekt

I should have come

Bio bih doao

if you had invited me.

da si me pozvao.
40 .

204. Prvim tipom /u glavnoj reenici futur, u zavisnoj prezent/ izraava se vjerovatna
pogodba
/probable condition/, to znai da e se vjerovatno ostvariti posljedica ako se ispuni
uslov
izraen u "if" reenici. Na pr.:
He will arrive in time if he catches
the 7 o'clock train.

Stii e na vrijeme ako ulovi voz u 7 sati.

You will spend less money if you stop

Potroit e manje novaca ako prestane

puiti.
Ako doe u London , doekat u te na
stanici.

If you come to London, I will meet at

the station.

205. Drugim tipom pogodbenih reenica /u glavnoj reenici kondicional ,u zavisnoj preterit/
izraava se nevjerovatna pogodba /improbable condition/.Takvim se reenicama kazuje
da
je malo vjerovatno , a katkada i sasvim nemogue , da se ispuni uslov izraen u "if"
reenici. Na pr.:
If he had money, he would travel
svijeta.
round the world.

Kad bi imao novaca putovao bi oko

Theuy would be successful if they

worked harder.

Imali bi uspjeha kad bi vie radili.

If I were you, I would not wear

such a hat.

Kad bih bio na tvom mjestu , ne bih

nosio takav eir.

206. Treim tipom pogodbenih reenica /u glavnoj reenici proli kondicional, u zavisnoj
pluskvan perfekt/ izraavamo neostvarenu pogodbu u prolosti /unfulfilled condition/. Na
pr.:
If I had been more careful, the accident

Da sam bio oprezniji , nesrea se ne bi

bila
would not have happened.
If he had not been abroad last winter, he

dogodila.
Da nije prole zime bio u inostranstvu,

bio
he would have got the job.

bi dobio to namjetenje.

He would have caught cold if he had

jumped into the cold water.

Bio bi se prehladio da je skoio u hladnu

vodu.

41.
207.
Ako pogodbenom reenicom izraavamo prirodne zakone i njihove nune
posljedice,stoji
u glavnoj i u "if" reenici prezent. Na pr.:
If it does not rain, the soil gets dry.
If I drink too much coffee,I cannot sleep.
If the sky is covered with clouds, the night
is dark.

Ako ne pada kia, tlo se sasui.

Ako pijem previe kafe, ne mogu spavati.
Ako je nebo pokriveno oblacima, no je
tamna.

Izostavljanje veznika "if"

208. U knjievnom se jeziku katkada u pogodbenim reenicama izostavlja "if", a glagol se
stavlja pred subjekt. Na pr.:
Had I met you before , I should have
helped you.

Da sam te prije sreo, bio bih ti pomogao.

Had we lost the game , they would have

been happy .
Should I be late for lunch , dontworry .

Da smo izgubili igru , oni bi bili sretni .

Shall - will

Ako bih zakasnio na ruak , nemoj se

zabrinjavati .

Should - would

209 . Shall i will +infinitiv itraavaju istu budunost samo ako shall stoji u 1. licu jednine
i mnoine, a will u 2.i 3. licu.

Ostale upotrebe shall i will

210. Shall I answer the telephone

to da joj kaem o tom pismu

211 . Shall u 2 . i 3 . licu jednine i mnoine izraava odluku , prijetnju ili obeanje ,
a u odrinom obliku zabranu . Npr . :
You shall speak to him ; it is my
firm decision .
He shall not marry her .
He said to me : " You shall have
your raise "

Ti e s njim govoriti ; to sam vrsto odluio .

Neu dopustiti da se njome oeni .
Rekao mi je " Ja vam obeavam da ete
dobiti poviicu ."

212 . Will u 1 . licu izraava namjeru , odluku ili obeanje . Npr . :

I will forget everything if you do

Sve u zaboraviti ( obeavam ti ) ako to vie

not mention it any more .

I will work harder because I want to
pay my fathers debts .

ne bude spominjao .
Radit u marljivije ( odluio sam da radim )
jer elim isplatiti oeve dugove .

42 .

213. Will u upitnim reenicama izraava poziv ili molbu . Npr . :

Will you come to the cinema with me
Will you open the door for me , please
Will you have a cup of tea

Hoete li poi sa mnom u kino

Hoete li mi , molim vas , otvoriti vrata
Izvolite li alicu aja

214 . Should i would infinitiv ne izraavaju samo kondicional , ve se upotrebljavaju

i u nekim posebnim sluajevima .
Should u svim licima izraava moralnu obavezu ili dunost . Npr . :
You should show more understanding for
these old people .
She should pay more atention to her
pronunciation .

Morali biste pokazivali vie razumjenja

za te stare ljude .
Morali bi obratiti vie panje svome
izgovoru .

215 . Should s infinitivom perfekta izraava neispunjenu dunost . Npr .

You should have come to his
majke .
mothers funeral
He should have consulted the doctor .

Trebalo je da doe na sprovod njegove

Trebalo je da upita lijenika za savjet .

216 . Would u upitnim reenicama izraava uljudnu molbu . Npr . :

Would you kindly give me that ashtray

Would you , please , mail this letter
for me

Hoete li mi , molim vas dati onu pepeljaru

Hoete li mi , molim vas , predati ovo pismo
na potu

217 . Would izraava uobiajenu radnju u prolosti . Npr . :

Every afternoon the old man would sit
in his armchair by the window .
Whenever he was free , he would play
with his little son .

Starac bi svako popodne sjedio kraj prozora

u svom naslonjau .
Kad god je bio slobodan , igrao se sa svojim
siniem .

218 . Would se upotrebljava u frazama I would sooner , I would rather - bilo bi mi milije ,
ja bih radije . Iza tih fraza dolazi infinitiv bez to . Npr . :

He would rather live in his own country

than abroad .
They would sonner die than break
their promise .
43 .

On bi radije ivio u svojoj zemlji

nego u inozemstvu .
Oni bi radije umrli nego prekrili
svoje obeanje .

INFINITIV
The Infinitive
219 . Infinitiv ili neodreeni oblik glagola u engleskom jeziku obino dolazi sa prijedlogom
to .
U bosanskom postoji samo jedan oblik za infinitiv , dok u engleskom razlikujemo
nekoliko
oblika infinitiva .
220 . Infinitiv prezenta : to come - doi , to speak - govoriti , to learn - uiti itd . Npr :
He wantid to come at once .

Htio je odmah doi .

221 . Nesvreni infinitiv prezenta : to be working - raditi , to be coming - dolaziti itd . Npr . :
She seems to be coming regularly.

ini se da ona redovito dolazi .

Nesvreni infinitiv prezenta tvori se od infinitiva glagola to be i participa prezenta

glagola
koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
222 . Infinitiv perfekta : to have come , to have spoken , to have understood itd . Npr . :
He was sorry to have come .

Bilo mu je ao da je doao .

Infinitiv perfekta tvori se od infinitiva pomonog glagola to have i participa perfekta

glagola koji mijenjamo .
223 . Nesvreni infinitiv perfekta : to have been reading , to have been writing ,
to have been sending itd . Taj se infinitiv vrlo rijetko upotrebljava .
Nesvreni infinitiv perfekta tvori se od infinitiva perfekta glagola to be ( to have been )
i participa prezenta glagola koji mijenjamo .
224 . Infinitiv prezenta pasivni : to be taught - biti pouavan , to be sent - biti poslan , to be
closed - biti zatvoren itd . Npr . :
To punish is sometimes worse than
to be punished .

Katkada je gore kazniti nego biti kanjen .

225 . Infinitiv perfekta pasivni : to have been cured , to have been sent ,
to have been punished itd . Npr . :
It is a good thing for him to have been

Za njega je dobro da su ga poslali u

sent to an English school .

englesku kolu .

Infinitiv perfekta pasivni tvori se od infinitiva perfekta glagola to be ( to have been )

i participa perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo .

44 .

Infinitiv se upotrebljava :
226 . za izraavanje namjere . Npr . :
She went to the country to see her friend . Pola je na selo da posjeti svoju prijateljicu .
His uncle sent him to London to study
Njegov ga je stric poslao u London da
English literature .
studira englesku literaturu .
He got up early in order to have a walk .
Ustao je rano ( s namjerom )
da bi se proetao .
Znaenje namjere pojaava se ako se fraza in order stavi pred infinitiv .
227 . iza mnogih glagola u konstrukciji objekat infinitiv ( tzv . akuzativ s infinitivom ) .
To su glagoli koji izraavaju : elju (npr . want , wish , desire ) ; zapovijed ( npr . order naloiti , command - zapovjediti ; ask - traiti ) ; izricanje ( npr . tell - rei , invite pozvati ) ; osjeanje ( npr .like - voljeti , love - ljubiti , hate - mrziti , dislike - ne voljeti ) i
mnogi drugi . Npr . :
His father wanted him to become a doctor .

Njegov je otac elio da on postane lijenik

They ordered him to leave the room .

She asked me to lay the table .
I told him to stay at home .
They invited him to come to dinner .
I like my coat to be well cut .
He hates his room to be too hot .

Naloili su mu da izie iz sobe .

Zamolila me je da prostrem stol .
Rekao sam mu neka ostane kod kue .
Pozvali su ga da doe na veeru .
Volim da mi je kaput dobro skrojen .
On ne voli kad mu je soba prevrua .

Napomena :
228 . Ta se konstrukcija ( akusativ s infinitivom ) prevodi na bosanski redovito zavisnom
reenicom , kao to to vidimo iz navedenih prijevoda .
229 . iza nekih glagola , npr . to know - znati , to teach - pouavati , to learn - uiti itd.
stavlja se pred infinitiv rije how . Npr . :
She does not know how to dance .
He taught him how to draw .
By reading good authors we learn how
to express our thoughts more precisely .

Ona ne zna plesati .

Nauio ga je crtati .
itajui dobre pisce nauimo tanije
izraavati svoje misli .

Napomena :
Vidimo da se how infinitiv obino prevodi na bosanski samo infinitivom .
45 .
230 . iza pridjeva koji izraavaju osjeaje , npr . : happy - sretan , glad - veseo , sad alostan , furious - bijesan , delighted - oduevljen itd . Npr . :
I was delighted to spend the
afternoon with you .
I shall be happy to meet your parents .
He was sad to part with her.
He told me how furious they were
to have lost the game .

Bilo mi je vrlo lijepo provesti popodne s vama .

Bit u sretan da upoznam vae roditelje .
Bio je alostan to se rastaje od nje .
Rekao mi je kako su bijesni to su izgubili igru .

231 . iza too i enough . Npr . :

He was too young to understand
oca .
hisfathers decision .
He was too weak to climb the steps .
I am old enough to look after muself .
He did not run fast enougt to catch
.
the bus .

Bio je premlad da bi razumio odluku svog

Bio je preslab da se popne uza stepenice .

Dovoljno sam star da se brinem za sebe .
Nije dovoljno brzo trao da bi ulovio autobus

232 . Iz prijevoda gotovo svih ovih primjera vidimo da se engleski infinitiv prevodi na
bosanski jezik zavisnom reenicom . Tako npr. infinitiv to come to dinner prevodimo :
da doe na veeru , to see her friend - da posjeti svoju prijateljicu , to have lost the game
to su izgubili igru , too weak to climb - preslab da se popne itd .

Infinitiv bez " to "

Infinitiv bez " to " upotrebljava se :
233 . iza defektnih glagola : can , could , must , may might , shall , should , will would.Npr:
Can you lend me your pen
You must read this book .
It might rain today .
I should be at home now .
He will forgive you .

Moe li mi posuditi pero

Morate proitati ovu knjigu .
Danas bi moglo biti kie .
Sada bih morao biti kod kue .
On e ti oprostiti .

234 . iza glagola " make " ( kad znai prisiliti , navesti , nagovoriti ) i glagola let . Npr . :

He made her cry .

Natjerao ju je na pla .
The judge made him confess his crime . Sudac ga je naveo da prizna svoj zloin .
Let him do as he pleases .
Pusti ga da radi po svojoj volji .
Let him repeat the sentence .
Neka ponovi reenicu .

46 .
235 . iza glagola osjeanja , kao to su : hear - uti , watch - promatrati , see - vidjeti ... Npr
:
I heard him open the door .
Frommy window I saw her cross
the street .
I watched the boys climb the tree .

uo sam ga kako je otvorio vrata .

Vidio sam je sa svoga prozora kako
je prela ulicu .
Promatrao sam djeake kako se penju na drvo .

236 . iza fraza kao to su : had better , would rather , would sooner . Npr . :
You had better go for a walk than
stay at home .
I would rather go with you .
He would sooner die than be dishonest .

Bit e bolje da poe na etnju nego da

ostane kod kue .
Ja bih radije iao s vama .
On bi prije umro nego bio nepoten .

237 . Katkada prijedlog to moe zamijeniti infinitiv s to . Takav se to upotrebljava da bi se

izbjeglo ponavljanje glagola koji je ve spomenut . Npr . :
She did not want to go to the party
but she had to ( go ) .
They asked her to bring her little

Nije htjela ii na zabavu , ali je morala ( ii ) .

daughter but she did not want to

( bring her ) because it was too cold .

nije htjela ( da je povede ) jer je bilo suvie

hladno .

Zamolili su je da povede svoju kerkicu , ali

ona

Oblici na - ing (- ing Forms )

238 . Oblici koji se tvore od infinitiva i nastavka - ing mogu biti :

gerund
I am fond of walking through the fields . Volim etati kroz polja .

particip prezenta
I saw him carrying a big basket .

Vidio sam ga kako nosi veliku koaru .

imenica
The building on the left is our school .

Zgrada nalijevo je naa kola .

47 .

GERUND
The Gerund
239 . Gerund je glagolski oblik koji ima osobine glagola i imenice .

Glagolske osobine gerunda jesu :

240 . iza njega moe stajati objekt .
I do not like drinking wine before lunch .

Ne volim piti vino prije ruka .

241 . iza njega moe stajati prilog .

He is fond of walking quickly .

On voli brzo hodati .

242 . gerund moe stajati u raznim vremenima : gerund sadanji ( reading ) gerund proli
(having read ) , a kod prelaznih glagola postoje i pasivni oblici gerunda : sadanji (
being
taught ) i proli ( having been taught ) .
Before translating a pasage , you must
read it several times .
After having got her letter , he felt
very unhappy .
I hate being advised all the time .

Prije nego to prevede jedan odlomak ,

mora ga nekoliko puta proitati .
Poto je dobio njeno pismo , bio je
vrlo nesretan .
Ne volim da mi se neprestano daju savjeti .

Imenike osobine gerunda jesu :

243 . pred njim moe stajati prijedlog .
Istead of doing his work he went to
the cinema .

Umjesto da radi svoj posao otiao je u kino .

244 . pred njim moe stajati atribut .

His being nervous is due to his illness .
.

To toje nervozan posljedica je njegove bolesti

245 . pred njim moe stajati genitiv .

Johns being lazy makes his parents
unhappy .
48 .

Johnovi su roditelji nesretni zbog toga to je

on lijen

Gerund se upotrebljava :
246 . iza glagola koji znae poetak , svretak ili nastavak neke radnje . Takvi su glagoli :
begin -poeti , start - poeti , end - zavriti , finish - svriti , stop - prestati ,
continue - nastaviti , go on - nastaviti itd . Npr . :
He began writing at the age of eighteen .
After his heart attack he stopped smoking .
He went on playing after everybody
had left .

Poeo je pisati u dobi od osamnaest godina .

Nakon sranog napadaja prestao je puiti .
Nastavio je sa sviranjem poto su ve
svi otili .

247 . iza glagola koji izraavaju neki osjeaj . Takvi su glagoli :

like - voljeti , love - voljeti , enjoy - uivati u , dislike - ne voljeti , hate - mrziti ,
detest - mrziti , resent - negodovati , prigovarati , zamjerati ...
I dont like travelling alone .
We enjoyed swimming in the river .
She resents his being late .

Ne volim sam putovati .

Uivali smo u plivanju u rijeci .
Zamjera mu to zakanjava .

248 . iza izraza : it is no use - nema smisla , it is no good - ne vrijedi , I cant help ne mogu a da ne , i iza pridjeva worth i busy . Npr . :
It is no use trying to persuade him ,
he is too obstinate .
She couldnt help admiring his skill .
His sculptures are worth seeing .
She was busy cleaning her flat .

Nema smisla pokuati ga nagovoriti ,

on je previe tvrdoglav .
Nije mogla a da se ne divi njegovoj spretnosti .
Vrijedi vidjeti njegove skulpture .
Bila je zaposlena ienjem svoga stana .

249 . iza fraza : do you mind - imate li to protiv would you mind da li biste imali to protiv i slinih . Npr . :
I dont mind being told the truth .
Would you mind mailing this
letter for me
Do you mind my going to bed
earlier today

Nemam nita protiv toga da mi se kae istina .

Da li biste mi htjeli poslati ovo pismo
Bili vas smetalo ako danas poem
ranije spavati

250 . iza svih prijedloga . Npr . :

I will send you the book after
having read it .
By marrying against the will of

Poslat u ti knjigu poto je proitam .

Time to se udala protiv volje svojih roditelja

her parents she made a great mistake .

nainila je veliku pogreku .
You cannot enter the playground
Ne moete ui u igralite a da ne platite
ulaznicu .
without paying the fee .
They prevented her from seeing her son . Nisu joj dali da vidi svoga sina .
49.

PARTICIP PREZENTA
The Present Participle
251 . Particip prezenta je glagolski oblik koji ima osobine pridjeva . On se moe upotrijebiti
atributivno , tj . da poblie oznai neku imenicu , i predikativno , kao dio imenskog
predikata .

Atributivno upotreba participa prezenta

252 . Kad se particip prezenta upotrebljava kao atribut , on je esto po znaenju pravi
pridjev :
This is an interesting book .
Study also the following chapters
I want a room with running cold
and hot water .
That was a very exciting day .

Ovo je zanimljiva knjiga .

Prouite takoer idua poglavlja .
elim sobu s tekuom hladnom i toplom
vodom .
To je bio vrlo uzbudljiv dan .

Predikativna upotreba participa prezenta

253 . Nesvrena se vremena ( Continous Tenses ) tvore pomou participa prezenta . U tim
se vremenima particip prezenta upotrebljava predikativno . Npr . :
When he entered the room ,
I was writing a letter .
I have been learing English for
four years .

Kad je uao u sobu , ja sam pisao pismo .

Ve etiri godine uim engleski .

Samostalna upotreba participa prezenta

254 . Particip prezenta moe stajati i samostalno . On u takvim sluajevima stoji umjesto
usporedne ili zavisne reenice . Npr . :
I saw her waving to him and smiling .
Thinking that he was ill I sent him
to the doctor .
Passing by the house I could hear
them laugh .
They approached walking hand in hand .

Vidio sam je kako mu mae i kako se smijei

Budui da sam mislio da je bolestan ,
poslao sam ga k lijaniku .
Dok sam prolazio pokraj kue , uo sam ih
kako se smiju .
Pribliavali su se drei se za ruke .

Imenice na - ing
255 . Neke rijei na - ing , koje su izvedene od glagola , izgubile su osobine glagola
i postale prave imenice . Npr . :
He has a meeting almost every day .
50 .

Onima sastanak gotovo svaki dan .

The surroundings of our town are very

attractive .
The policeman told him to the left .
nalijevo
Have you seen the collection of his drawings

Okolica naeg grada vrlo je privlaljiva .

Policajac mu je rekao da skrene ulicu
Jeste li vidjeli zbirku njegovih crtea

ZAPOVJEDNI NAIN
The Imperative
256 . Imperativ je glagolski oblik kojim se izrie zapovijed , zabrana ili molba .
257 . Imperativ za 2 . lice jednine i mnoine jednak je infinitivu bez to . Npr . :
Give me that book .
Daj mi onu knjigu .
Show her the garden .
Pokaite joj vrt .
John and Henry , stop that noise .
John i Henry , prestanite s tom bukom .
258 . Odrini oblik imperativa za 2 . lice jednine i mnoine tvori se tako da se ispred glagola
stavi do not ( dont ) . Npr . :
Dont jump from the tram before
it stops .
Dont eat too much ice - cream .
Dont listen to him .

Ne skai s tramvaja prije nego to

se zaustavi .
Nemoj jesti previe sladoleda .
Nemojte ga sluati .

259 . Imperativ za 1 . i 3 . lice jednine i mnoine tvori se s glagolom let . Iza let dolazi
imenica ili zamjenica u padeu objekta i infinitiv bez to glagola koji mijenjamo . Npr . :
Let him do as he pleases .
Let Mary do the cooking
instead of you .
Let us consider the matter
tomorrow .
Let them do their home - work
again .

Neka radi po svojoj volji .

Neka Mary kuha umjesto tebe .
Hajde da sutra razmotrimo ovu stvar .
Neka ponovno izrade svoju domau zadau .

260 . Odrini oblik 1 . i 3 . lica jednine i mnoine tvori se tako da seispred let stavi odrini
oblik glagola do ( do not ili dont ) . Npr . :

Dont let them punish the child for

such a trifle .
Dont let us make the same
mistake again .
Dont let her marry that man .
51 .

Nemojte im dopustiti da kazne dijete

zbog takve sitnice.
Nemojmo ponovno uiniti istu pogreku .
Nemojte joj dopustiti da se uda za tog ovjeka .

261 . Ako se pred imperativ stavi do , zapovijed ili molba su istaknute i jae naglaene . Npr
Do take another cake .
Do stop whistling , you will drive
me mad .
Do come and have tea with us
tomorrow .

Molim te uzmi jo jedan kola .

Ta prestani s tim zvidanjem , natjerat e me
u ludilo .
Doite , molim vas , sutra k nama na aj .

KONJUKTIV
The Subjektive
262 . Konjuktivom se izraava neto nestvarno , neto to samo zamiljamo , elimo
ili emu se nadamo .
263 . Konjuktiv ima zaseban oblik samo u 3 . licu jednine prezenta svih glagola , a razlikuje
se
od obinog prezenta po tome to nema nastavka - s . Npr . :
( if ) he come
( if ) she send

Napomena
Konjuktiv se u modernom engleskom jeziku vrlo rijetko upotrebljava .
264 . Glagol be ima u svim licima konjuktiva prezenta oblik be , a u svim licima konjuktiva
preterita oblik were . Npr .:
konjuktiv prezenta
( if ) I be
( if ) he be
( if ) they be

Konjuktiv se upotrebljava :
265 . u nekim izrazima , Npr . :

konjuktiv preterita
( if ) I were
( if ) he were
( if ) they were

Long live the young couple

ivio mladi par
Come what may , I will stay
Ma to dolo , ja u ostati uz svoju
with my children .
djecu .
Far be it fromme to do him any harm . Nisam ni pomislio da mu uinim neto naao .
52 .
266 . iza : I wish - kamo sree da , if only - kad bi barem , it is high time - krajnje je vrijeme
I would sooner - radije bih , I would rather - bilo bi mi milije , as if - kao da , koji svi
oznauju neto to nije ostvareno ili se ne moe ostvariti . Npr . :
I wish he were my son .
eljela bih da mi je on sin .
If only he recovered .
Kad bi se barem oporavio .
It is high time he finished his studies . Krajnje je vrijeme da zavri svoje studije .
I would sooner you went with me .
Njemu bi bilo milije da mu ena vodi brigu
o djeci .
He speaks as if he were a psilosopher . On govori kao da je filozof .
Iz tih primjera vidimo da se konjuktiv razlikuje od obinog preterita samo kod glagola be ,
dok svi ostali glagoli imaju isti oblik za konjuktiv preterita i za obini preterit .

PASIV
The Passive Voice
267 . U engleskom se jeziku esto upotrebljavaju pasivne reenice . U takvim reenicama
subjekt nije vritelj radnje , nego se radnja vri na subjektu .
U reenici :
Our workers have built this bridge .

Nai su radnici sagradili ovaj most .

subjekt Our workers ( Nai radnici ) izvrio je radnju te reenice . Ta je reenica u

aktivu .
U reenici :
This bridge has been built by our workers . Ovaj je most sagraen od naih radnika .
subjekt This bridge ( Ovaj most ) nije izvrio radnju te reenice , ve se radnja izvrila na
njemu .
268 . U pasivnim se reenicama upotrebljavaju pasivni glagolski oblici . Pasivne glagolske
oblike mogu tvoriti samo prelazni glagoli , tj. takvi koji mogu uza se imati objekt .

prezent :
preterit :
futur :

Ativ
I teach - pouavam
I taught
I shall teach

Pasiv
I am taught - bivam pouavan
I was taught
I shall be taught

Pasivni oblici tvore se tako da se uzme ono vrijeme glagola to be koje nam je potrebno i doda

se particip perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo . Prema tome se pasivni prezent tvori od prezenta
glagola to be i participa perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo , a pasivni futur od futura glagola
to be i participa perfekta glagola koji mijenjamo .

53 .
269 Pasiv se u engleskom jeziku najee upotrebljava ako je subjekt aktivne reenice
nepoznat ili nije vaan , tj . ako je objekt vaniji od subjekta . Npr . :
Our neighbours car was stolen
last night .
The boy will be taken to the hospital .

Prole su noi ukradena kola naeg susjeda .

Djeak e biti odvezen u bolnicu .

Kad bismo ova dva primjera stavili u aktiv , vidjeli bismo da su njihovi subjekti nepoznati ili
nevani . Npr . :
Somebody stole our neighbours
noi .
car last night .
They will take the boy tothe hospital .

Netko je ukrao kola naega susjeda prole

Odvest e djeaka u bolnicu .

270 . vidimo da u navedenim pasivnim reenicama nije spomenut vritelj radnje ( somebody
they ) . Ima , meutim , sluajeva kad osjeamo da je potrebno spomenuti vritelja radnje .
Npr:
The first aeroplane was constructed by
the brothers Wright .

Prvi avion su konstruisala braa Wright .

Ispred rijei koja oznauje vritelja radnje stavlja se prijedlog by . Takve reenice nisu este .
271 . Pasiv nije u duhu bosanskog jezika . Stoga se engleske pasivne konstrukcije prevode
na bosanski aktivnom reenicom ili povratnim glagolom , a rjee pasivom . Npr . :
Foreign lauguages are taught
Strani jezici pouavaju se po cijelom svijetu .
all over the world .
The tickets will be sold one hour
Karte e se prodavati jedan sat prije predstave .
before the performance .
My drawer has been opened .
Netko je otvorio moju ladicu .
This book was translated to years ago . Ova je knjiga prevedena prije dvije godine .
272 . Iza glagola koji trae dva objekta , jedan u dativu , a drugi u akuzativu , mogua su
dva oblika pasivne reenice . Takvi su glagoli : show - pokazati ( kome to ) , refuse - odbiti (
kome to ) , give - dati ( kome to ) ,send - poslati ( kome to ) itd . Npr . :
aktiv
Somebody sent my daughter a box
of sweets .
pasiv

Netko je poslao mojoj kerki kutiju

slatkia .

Abox of sweets was sent to my daughter .

ili
My daughter was sent a box of sweets .
54 .
Duhu engleskog jezika vie odgovara da objekt u dativu , koji oznauje lice ( u gornjem
primjeru
my daughter ) , postane subjekt pasivne reenice . Evo nekoliko primjera :
They showed me the old
maniscripts ( aktiv ) .
I was shown the old
manuscripts ( pasiv ) .

Pokazali su mi stare rukopise .

Pokazali su mi stare rukopise .

They refused him a passport .

He was refused a passport (pasiv) .

Odbili su da mu izdaju putovnicu .

Odbili su da mu izdaju putovnicu .

They have told me the truth (aktiv )

I have been told the truth ( pasiv ) .

Rekli su mi istinu .
Rekli su mi istinu .

273 . Glagoli s prijedlogom , npr . look after - brinuti se za , provide for - opskrbiti itd .
zadravaju taj prijedlog i u pasivu . Npr . :
Her children are well provided for .
You will be laughed at if they see
you with him .
This event has been spoken about
for a long time .
The old lady likes being read to .

Njena su djeca dobro opskrbljena .

Smijat e vam se ako vas vide s njim .
O tom se dogaaju dugo vremena govorilo .
Stara gospoa voli da joj se ita .

NEUPRAVNI GOVOR
Indirekt Speech
274 . Neije rijei moemo ponoviti na dva naina : ako ih ponavljamo tano onako kako ih
je tko rekao , upotrebljavamo upravni govor ( Direkt Speech ) . Npr . : On mi je rekao : "
Sastat emo se u 10 sati . " Ako izvjetavamo to je netko rekao , onda se sluimo
neupravnim govorom
( Indirekt or Reported Speech ) . Npr . : Rekao mi je da emo se sastati u 10 sati .
U engleskom jeziku u neupravnom govoru vrijede pravila o slaganju vremena .

Slaganje vremena ( Sequence of Tenses )

275 . U sloenim se reenicama vrijeme glagola zavisne reenice ravna prema vremenu
glagola glavne reenice . Npr . :
I know that he is ill .
I knew that he was ill .

Znam da je bolestan .
Znao sam da je bolestan .

276 . Budui da je u glavnoj reenici preterit , u zavisnoj reenici , po pravilu o slaganju

vremena , mora za istovremenu radnju stajati preterit.
277. I knew that he had been ill. Znao sam daje bio bolestan.
55 .

Ako je u glavnoj reenici preterit, onda se za radnju koja se dogodila prije upotrebljava pluskvamperfekt /pretprolo vrijeme/.
278. I knew that he would be ill. Znao sam da e biti bolestan.
Ako je u glavnoj reenici preterit , onda se za radnju koja se dogodila kasnije upotrebljava futur u prolosti.
279. Kako u bosanskom jeziku nema slaganja vremena, prevodi se preterit prezentom, plusvamperfekt perfektom, a futur u prolosti futurom.
Futur u prolosti upotrebljava se samo u zavisnim reenicama, a po svom je obliku
jednak
kondicionalu.
280. Ako je u glavnoj reenici prezent , perfekt ili futur , onda se upotreba vremena u
zavisnoj
reenici ne razlikuje od upotrebe vremena u bosanskom jeziku, tj. za sdanjost se
upotrebljava prezent, za prolost jedno od prolih vremena, a za budunost futur. Na pr.:

I know
I shall know
I have known

that he is ill.

Znam
Znat u
Znao sam

that he was ill.

that he has been ill.
that he had been ill.

Znam
da je bio
Znat u
bolestan.
Znao sam

da je bolestan.

Znam
Znat u da e biti
Znao sam
bolestan.
281. Budui da je neupravni govor zavisno sloena reenica , primjenjuju se u njemu
pravila o slaganju vremena . Uzmimo kao primjer reenicu : I study music . - Studiram
muziku .
that he will be ill.

Upravni govor
She said : " I study music . "
She said : " I studied music "

Neupravni govor
She said that she studied music .

She said that she had studied music .

She said : " I have studied music "
She said : " I shall study music . "
She said : " Study music ! "

She said that she would study music .

She told me to study music .

56.
Iz ovih primjera vidimo da se pri prenoenju upravnog u neupravni govor vremena
mijenjaju :
282 .

Upravni govor

Neupravni govor

prezent

preterit

preterit

pluskvamperfekt

futur
imperativ

futur u prolosti
infinitiv

perfekt

Upotreba glagola say i tell

283 . U upravnom se govoru upotrebljava say . Npr . :
He said: " I am your friend."
He said to me : "I am your friend."

Rekao je : " Ja sam ti prijatelj."

Rekao mi je :" Ja sam ti prijatelj."

284. U neupravnom se govoru moe upotrijebiti say ili tell. Na pr.:

He said that he was my friend.
He teld me that he was my friend.

Rekao je da mi je prijatelj.
Rekao mi je da je moj prijatelj.

285. U neupravno govoru upotrebljava se say samo ako nije spomenuta osoba kojoj se
govori.
Kad je ta osoba spomenuta , mora se upotrijebiti tell.
286. Imperativ upravnog govora postaje u neupravnom govoru infinitiv sa to. Pred takvim se
infinitivom uvijek upotrbljava tell, jer je uvijek spomenuta osoba kojoj je neko neto
zapovijedio. Na pr.:
"Bring me a glass of water ."
" Donesi mi au vode ."
He told me to bring him a glass of water . Rekao mi je da donesem au vode .

Evo jo nekoliko primjera za upotrebu say i tell :

287 . He said : " The plane crashed near
the airport ."
He said that the plane had crashed

Rekao je : " Avion se survao blizu

aerodroma . "
Rekao je da se avion survao blizu
57.

near the airport .

aerodroma .
He told us that the plane had crashed
Rekao nam je da se avion survao
near the airport .
blizu aerodroma .
She said : " I shall visit the World Fair . " Rekla je : " Posjetit u Svjetsku izlobu " .
She said she would visit the World Fair . Rekla je da e posjetiti Svjetsku izlobu .
She told her sister she would visit the
Rekla je svojoj sestri da e posjetiti
World Fair .
Svjetsku izlobu .

Napomene uz neupravni govor

288 . Pri prenoenju iz upravnog govora u neupravni mijenjaju se zamjenice prema smislu
.Npr:
She said : " I am in a hurry . "
She said she was in a hurry .
They said : " We have arrived ."
They said they had arrived .

Rekla je " Meni se uri . "

Rekla je da joj se uri .
Rekli su : " Stigli smo "
Rekli su da su stigli .

289 . This i these postaju u neupravnom govoru that i those ako je uvodni glagol u preteritu
:
The porter said : " Smoking is
Vratar je rekao :" Puenje je u ovoj
forbidden in this room . "
prostoriji zabranjeno . "
The porter said that smoking was
Vratar je rekao da je puenje u onoj
forbidden in that room .
prostoriji zabranjeno .
I said : " I don't like these colours . "
Rekao sam : " Ne sviaju mi se ove boje . "
I said I didn't like those colours .
Rekao samda mi se ne sviaju one boje .
290 . Prilozi mjesta i vremena mijenjaju se u neupravnom govoru ako je uvodni glagol u
preteritu . Tako here postaje there , today - that day , tomorrow - the next day ili the
following day , yesterday - the day before ili the previous day . Npr . :
He said : " I shan't stay here any
Rekao je : " Neu vie ovdje ostati . "
longer . "
He said that he wouldn't stay there
Rekao je da nee vie ondje ostati .
any longer .
Jane said : " We are leaving tomorrow." Jane je rekla : " Odlazimo sutra . "
Jane said that they were leaving
Jane je rekla da odlaze sutradan
the next day ( the following day ).
( iduega dana ) .
He said : " I was very tired yesterday." Rekao je : " Juer sam bio vrlo umoran ."
He told me that he had been very tired
Rekao mi je da je bio dan prije
the day before ( the previous day ) .
vrlo umoran .

58.
Zavisno - upitna reenica ( Neupravno pitanje )
291 . Zavisno - upitnom reenicom izvjetavamo to je netko upitao .Upravno pitanje :
" When shall I see you ? "" Kad emo se vidjeti ? " glasit e u neupravnom obliku :
" He asked me when he would see me ." " Upitao me kad emo se vidjeti . "
U zavsno- upitnoj reenici , kao i u neupravnom govoru , vrijede pravila o slaganju
vremena .
292 . Glagol u zavisno - upitnoj reenici ne stoji u upitnom obliku , nego u potvrdnom .
Usporedite :
Where have you bought it ?
She asked me where I had bought it .
Do you like modern poetry ?
He asked me if I liked modern poetry .
poezija.

Gdje ste to kupili?

Upitala me je gdje sam to kupio .
Svia li vam se moderna poezija ?
Upitao me da li mi se svia moderna

Vidimo da se upitni oblik glagola u direktnom pitanju mijenja u zavisno - upitnoj reenici u
potvrdni oblik : have you bought ? postalo je I had bought , do you like ? postalo je I liked .
293 . Uvodni glagol u zavisno - upitnoj reenici oznauje pitanje ili neizvjesnost . Takvi su
glagoli : ask - pitati , want to know - eljeti znati , wonder - pitati se , inquire - pitati ,
not to know - ne znati , not to be sure - ne biti siguran itd. Npr . :
She asked me if I felt better .
Upitala me da li se osjeam bolje .
I wantid to know how long it
elio sam znati kako e dugo trebati
would take me to reach London .
da doem do Londona .
I wonder how much that will cost me . Zanima me koliko e me to stajati .
They inquired if the train was late .
Informirali su se da li vlak kasni .
I did not know if he would deliver
Nisam znao hoe li on predati poruku .
the message .
294 . Upravno ( direktno ) pitanje moe poeti upitnom rijei ili glagolom . Ako poinje
upitnom rijei , npr . who , whose , whom ,what , which , when , where , why , how , zavisno
upitna reenica poinje tom istom upitnom rijei . Npr . :
Where have you been ?
Gdje si bio ?
He asked me where I had been .
Upitao me gdje sam bio .
Who wil fetch the milk today ?
Tko e danas otii po mlijeko ?
I don't know who will fetch the milk today. Ne znam tko e danas otii pomlijeko .

Why did you not shut the door ?

Zato niste zatvorili vrata ?
She asked me why I had not shut the door . Upitala me zato nisam zatvorio vrata .

59.
295 . Ako upravno pitanje poinje glagolom , zavisno - upitna reenica uvodi se veznikom
if ili whether . Npr . :
Will you come tomorrow ?
Hoete li doi sutra ?
I don't know if you will come tomorrow . Ne znam hoete li doi sutra .
Did you follow my advice ?
Jesi li se drao moga savjeta ?
He asked me if I had folowed his advice .
Upitao me da li sam se drao njegova
savjeta .
Shall I get my money or not ?
Hou li dobiti svoj novac ili neu ?
He wanted to know whether he would
elio je znati da li e dobiti svoj novac
get his money or not .
ili nee .

IMENICE
Nouns
296 . Imenice su rijei kojima neto imenujemo . Npr . : boy - djeak , table - stol , goodness
dobrota itd .

Vrste imenica
Prema znaenju dijelimo imenice na nekoliko vrsta . One mogu biti :
297 . ope imenice ( common nouns ) , koje slue kao nazivi za sva bia ili stvari iste vrste
Npr . :
desk - pisai stol , window - prozor , woman - ena , horse - konj , hand - ruka itd . ;
298 . vlastita imena ( proper names ) , tj . imenice koje slue kao nazivi za pojedina bia ,
mjesta itd . Npr . :
Anna - Ana , Robert - Robert , Amerika - Amerika , Glasgow - Glasgow itd . ;
299 . zbirne imenice ( collective nouns ) , koje u jednini oznauju skup ili mnotvo . Npr . :
team - momad , army - vojska , navy - mornarica , crowd - gomila , mnotvo , police policija , flock - jato , herd - krdo , cattle - stoka itd . ;
300 . gradivne imenice ( materijal nouns ) koje oznauju tvar ili materiju . Npr . :
wine - vino , copper - bakar , milk - mlijeko , food - hrana , ice - led , air - zrak ,

lead - olovo itd . ;

fear - strah , thirst - ea , courage - smjelost , health - zdravlje , illness - bolest ,
intelligence - inteligencija itd .

60.
ROD IMENICA
Gender
302 . U engleskom jeziku imenice imaju prirodni rod . To znai :
303 . mukog su roda ( masculine gender ) one imenice koje oznauju muko bie . Npr . :
boy - djeak , father - otac , uncle - ujak , brother - brat itd . ;
304 . enskog su roda ( feminine gender ) one imenice koje oznauju ensko bie . Npr . :
sister - sestra , mother - majka , aunt - tetka , girl - djevojka itd . ;
305 . srednjeg su roda ( neuter ) stvari . Npr . :
picture - slika , shoe - cipela , carpet - sag , plum- ljiva itd . ;

Napomena
306 . Osnovna je razlika izmeu imenica u engleskom jeziku i bosanskom jeziku da u naem
jeziku stvari mogu biti mukog , enskog ili srednjeg roda . Npr . ovaj stol , ovaj prozor , ova
klupa , ova kua , ovo pero , ovo sedlo itd.U bosanskom jeziku imenice imaju katkada
prirodni, katkada gramatiki rod .
307 . zajednikog roda ( common gender ) su one imenice koje u istom obliku slue za
muki i za enski rod . Tako na primjer imenica pupil moe znaiti uenik i uenica , friend prijatelj ili prijateljica , writer - pisac ili spisateljica , cousin - brati i sestrina itd .

Napomena
Usporedite u bosanskom : on je dobar voza , ona je dobar voza , on je po
struci matematiar , ona je po struci matematiar itd .

ENSKI ROD IMENICA

Feminine Gender
308 . Neke imenice enskog roda tvore se tako da se mukom rodu doda nastavak - ess . Npr

lion - lav
prince - kraljevi
heir - nasljednik

lioness - lavica
princess - kraljevina
heiress - nasljednica
61.

309 . Ako se imenica mukog roda svrava na - er ili -or , onda ispred nastavka - ess
samoglasnik e ili o ispada . Npr . :
tiger - tigar
waiter - konobar
actor - glumac
emperor - vladar

tigress - tigrica
waitress - konobarica
actress - glumica
empress - vladarica

311 . Katkada se pred imenicu stavi neka rije koja oznauje rod . Npr . :
man - servant - sluga
boyfried - prijatelj
he - goat - jarac
tom - cat - maak

maid - servant - sluavka

girlfriend - prijateljica
she - goat - koza
she - cat - maka

312 . Katkada se rije koja oznauje rod stavlja iza imenice . Npr . :
turkey- cock - puran
peacock - paun

turkey - hen - pura

peahen - paunica

313 . Neke imenice imaju za enski rod posebnu rije . Npr . :

man - mukarac
father - otac
brother - brat
uncle - ujak
king - kralj
bachelor - neenja
nephew - neak
boy - djeak
husband - mu
son - sin
gentleman - gospodin
cock - pijetao
bull - bik
dog - pas

woman - ena
mother - majka
sister - sestra
aunt - tetka
quen - kraljica
spinster - neudata ena
niece - neakinja
girl - djevojka
wife - supruga
daughter - ki
lady - gospoa
hen - koko
cow - krava
bitch - kuja

62.

MNOINA IMENICA
Prular of Nouns
314 . Mnoina imenica obino se tvori tako da se jednini doda nastavak - s . Taj se nastavak
izgovara iza zvunih suglasnika i samoglasnika ( z ) , a iza bezvunih suglasnika (s ) . Npr . :

chair - stolac
window - prozor
table - stol

chairs
windows
tables

street - ulica
duck - patka
shop - trgovina

streets
ducks
shops

izgovor ( z )

izgovor ( s )

315 . Ako se imenica u izgovoru svrava na s , z , , , , d , dodaje se nastavak - es ( ili

samo - s ako se imenica zavrava na muklo - e ) . Kod takvih se imenica nastavak - es
izgovara ( iz ) :
bus - autobus
wish - elja
match - ibica
church - crkva
rose - rua
bridge - most

buses
wishes
matches
churches
roses
bridges

316 . Imenice na -o tvore mnoinu tako da se jednini doda nastavak - es . Taj se nastavak
izgovara ( z ) . Npr . :
potato - krompir
tomato - paradajz
volcano - vulkan
negro - crnac
hero - heroj

potatoes
tomatoes
volcanoes
negroes
heroes

317 . Neke imenice na - o tvore mnoinu pravilno . Npr. :

piano - klavir
photo - fotografija

pianos
photos

318 . Kod imenica dolazi u mnoini do pravopisnih promjena . Tako se kod imenica na - y ,
ispred kojega stoji suglasnik ,mijenja y u i i dodaje nastavak - es . Npr . :

factory - tvornica
lorry - kamion
country - zemlja
flay - muha

factories
lorries
countries
flies
63.

319 . Ako se ispred y nalazi samoglasnik , mnoina se tvori pravilno , dodavanjem nastavka s:
way - put
toy - igraka
donkey - magarac
bay - zaton

ways
toys
donkeys
bays

320 . Mnoge imenice na - f ili fe mijenjaju f u v i dobivaju nastavak - es . Npr . :

calf - tele
half - polovina
leaf - list
loaf - kruh
shelf - polica
thief - tat
wolf - vuk
knife - no
life - ivot

calves
calves
leaves
loaves
shelves
thieves
wolves
knives
lives
63 .

321 . Neke imenice na - f ili fe tvpre mnoinu dodavanjem nastavka - s . To au obino

imenice koje se svravaju na - oof , -ief , -rf i - ff . Npr . :
roof - krov
chief - poglavica
handkerchief - rupi
dwarf - patuljak
cliff - stijena

roofs
chiefs
handkerchiefs
dwarfs
cliffs

Neke imenice tvore mnoinu nepravilno :

322 . promjenom osnovnog samoglasnika :
man - mukarac - men
woman - ena - women
foot - stopalo - feet
tooth - zub - teeth
groose - guska - geese
mouse - mi - mice
louse - u - lice

323 . nastavkom - en ili -ren. Npr . :

ox - vol - oxen
child - dijete - children
64.
324 . Neke imenice ostaju u mnoini nepromijenjene . Npr . :
fish - riba , ribe
sheep - ovca , ovce
trout - pastrva , pastrve
salmon - losos , lososi
deer - jelen , jeleni

Napomena
Kad mislimo na razne vrste riba , imenica fish stoji u mnoini . Npr . :
There are all kinds of fishes
in our sea .

U naem moru ima riba svih vrsta

325 . Neke imenice dolaze samo u mnoini . Glagol uz takve imenice stoji takoer u mnoini
. Npr . : goods - roba , gallows - vjeala , scissors - kare , wages - nadnica , trousers - hlae
...
The goods have been damaged
by the fire .
His pyjamas were striped .

Roba je oteena poarom .

Njegova je pidama bila prugasta .

Where are the scissors ?

Where are your trousers so dirty ?

Gdje su kare ?
Zatosu tvoje hlae tako prljave ?

326 . Neke su imenice po obliku u mnoini , a znae jedninu . Glagol uz takve imenice stoji
u jednini . Npr . :
mathematic - matematika , physics - fizika , phonetics - fonetika , statistics - statistika ,
news - novost , vijest .
Mathematics is very important in
engineering .
Physics was his favourite subjekt .
Phonetics has always been his hobby .
This news is very suprising .

Matematika je vrlo vana u tehnici .

Fizika je bila njegov najomiljeniji predmet .
Fonetika je uvijek bila njegov hobi .
Ova vijest vrlo iznenauje .

Mnoina sloenica
327 . Sloenice su rijei koje su sastavljene od dva ili vie dijelova . Obino tvore mnoinu
tako da se jednini doda nastavak - s . Npr . :
grandfather - djed

grandfathers

ashtray - pepeljara
deck - chair - lealjka
waiting room - ekaonica
writing desk - pisai hastal

ashtrays
deck - chairs
waiting - rooms
writing desks
65.

328 . Kad je jedan dio sloenice prijedlog ili prilog , samo glavna rije dobiva nastavak za
mnoinu . Npr . :
passer - by - prolaznik
son- in - law - zet

passers - by
sons - in law

329 . Ako man ili woman ine prvi dio sloenice , stavljaju se oba dijela u mnoinu . Npr . :
man - servant - sluga
woman - teacher - nastavnica

men - servants
women - teachers

Napomena :
330 . Sloenice se mogu pisati kao jedna rije ( npr . armchair - naslonja ) , s crticom
( npr . man - servant ) ili kao dvije rijei ( npr . dining room - trpezarija ) Za to nema
odreenih pravila .

BROJIVE I NEBROJIVE IMENICE

Countable and Uncountable Nouns
331 . Mnoinu redovito tvore samo ope imenice . One obinooznauju neto to se moe
brojati te ih zovemo brojivim imenicama ( Countable Nouns ) . Npr : two boys - dva djeaka
, five days - pet dana , twenty - four hours - dvadeset etiri sata itd .
332 . Gradivne i apstraktne imenice , uzete u opem smislu , ne mogu se brojati . One su
nebrojive ( Uncountable Nouns ) i prema tome ne mogu se upotrebljavati u mnoini . Npr . :
silver - srebro , coal - ugljen , courage - hrabrost , kindness - ljubaznost itd.

PADEI IMENICA
Cases of Nouns
333 . U bosanskom jeziku imenice se dekliniraju , tj. primaju razliite padene nastavke . U
engleskom jeziku ne postoje padeni nastavci , osim u genitivu . Ono to u bosanskom jeziku
izraavaju padeni nastavci , u engleskom se izraava prijedlozima ili odreenim poloajem
te imenice u reenici . Npr . :
334 . Mary is my sister .
This is my sister's room .
I gave it to my sister .

Marija je moja sestra .

To je soba moje sestre .
Dao sam to svojoj sestri .

I saw my sister there .

Don't cry , sister !
I spoke about my sister .
I went with my sister .

Vidio sam tamo svoju sestru .

Ne plai , sestro !
Govorio sam o svojoj sestri .
Otiao sam sa svojom sestrom .
66.

335 . Budui da je nominativ jednak akuzativu , razlikovat emo subjekt od objekta samo po
poloaju imenice u reenici . Subjekt redovito stoji na prvom mjestu , a objekt iza glagola .
Npr:
s.
o.
John teaches Robert .
Robert teachers John .

s.
o.
John pouava Roberta .
Robert pouava Johna .

Genitiv ( The Genitive Case )

336 . Genitivom se najee izraava pripadanje . Utakvim se sluajevima u bosanskom
jeziku
upotrebljava prisvojni pridjev .
337 . Genitiv se tvori tako da se iza imenice u jednini stavi apostrof i doda nastavak - s .
Npr :
Anna's dress Anina haljina
father's umbrela - oev kiobran
Shaw's plays Shawove drame
John's family Johnova familija
338 . U mnoini se stavlja samo apostrof iza nastavka -s .Npr . :
girls' club ladies' shoes boys' games -

djevojaki klub
enske cipele
djeake igre

339 . Ako imenica ne tvori mnoinu s nastavkom -s , tj . ako ima nepravilnu mnoinu ,
popstupak je isti kao u genitivu jednine . Npr . :
children's books - djeje knjige
men's gloves muke rukavice
women's journals - enski asopisi
340 . Nastavak - s u genitivu izgovara se jednako kao nastavak - s u mnoini , tj. iza zvunih
suglasnika i samoglasnika izgovara se kao ( z ) , iza bezvunih suglasnika kao ( s ) , a iza ( s
)
( z ) . ( ) . ( ) ,( t ) i ( d3 ) kao ( iz ) .

67.

Genitiv se upotrebljava :
341 . kad imenica oznauje ivo bie , dok se genitiv imenica koje oznauju stvari tvori
redovito s prijedlogom of . Npr . :
Robert's school Robertova kola
grandfather's armchair - djedov naslonja
the lion's share lavlji dio ( najvei dio )
the drawers of my desk - ladice moga pisaeg stola
the furniture of his study - namjetaj njegove radne sobe
342 . za oznaku mjere , vremena i vrijednosti . Npr . :
a day's journey a mile's distance a pound's worth a two - hours' walk -

putovanje od jednog dana

udaljenost od jedne milje
vrijednost od jedne funte
etnja od dva sata

343 . u nekim izrazima , kao :

at the greengrocer's at St . Paul's at my aunt's -

kod povrara
kod sv. Pavla ( u crkvi sv. Pavla )
kod moje tetke ( u kui moje tetke )
67 .

LAN
The Article
344 . lan se u engleskom jeziku stavlja pred imenicu . Kad u bosanskom jeziku kaemo :
uenik , dijete grad , kua itd . , u engleskom moramo u takvom sluaju staviti pred imenicu
lanjer je ona tek s lanom potpuna . Tako kaemo : the pupil - uenik , the child - dijete ,
the town - grad , the house - kua .
U bosanskom jeziku nema lana . Prema tome se lan ne moe prevesti na na jezik .

68.

NEODREENI LAN
The Indefinite Artikle
Neodreeni lan ima dva oblika : a i an .
345 . Oblik a se upotrebljava ispred rijei koje poinju suglasnikom ili samoglasnikom koji
se izgovara kao suglasnik . Npr . :
a boy - djeak
a lamp - svjetiljka
a universal language - svjetski jezik
a useful invention - koristan izum
a one - eyed man - jednooki ovjek

Napomena :
Premda se rijei universal , useful i one - eyed piu samoglasnikom , one u
izgovoru poinu suglasnikom. Izgovaraju se : ( ' ju:niv :sl )( ' ju:sful )
( 'w naid ) .
346 . Oblik an se upotrebljava ispred rijei koje poinju samoglasnikom ili suglasnikom
koji se ne izgovara . Npr . :
an animal - ivotinja
an evening - vee
an inn - gostionica
an honest man - poten ovjek

Neodreeni lan se upotrebljava :

347 . pred imenicom u jednini kad se ona prvi put spominje ili kad se uzima u opem smislu
I can see a bus on the other
side of the street .
Couldyou lend me a pencil ?
It is so useful to have a car .

Na drugoj strani ulice vidim autobus .

Bili mi mogao posuditi olovku ?
Vrlo je korisno imati auto .

348 . pred imenicom u jednini koja predstavlja vrstu . Npr . :

A rose has a pleasant smell .
An orange is rich in vitamins .
A lamb is a pretty animal .

Rua ima prijatan miris .

Narana je bogata vitaminuma .
Janje je draesna ivotinja .

Uovim primjerima imenice a rose , an orange , a lamb predstavljaju vrstu , tj . a rose znai
roses - sve rue , an orange znai oranges - sve narane itd.

69.
349 . pred veinom imenica koje ine dio predikata . Takvim se predikatom obino oznauje
narodnost , zanimanje ili neka karakteristika subjekta . Npr . :
He was a sailor .
G . B . Shaw was an Irishman .
I want to become a painter .
He is an intelligent man .
Mary is a pretty girl .

On je bio mornar .
G . b . Shaw bio je Irac .
elim postati slikar .
On je inteligentan ovjek .
Marija je draesna djevojka .

Napomena :
Neodreeni lan moe biti odijeljen od svoje imenice pridjevom ( an inteligent man inteligentan ovjek , a big house - velika kua , a green leaf - zeleni list itd . )
350 . ispred nekih brojnih izraza : a dozen - tuce , half a dozen - pola tuceta , a score dvadeset , a hundred - stotina , a thousand - tisua , a million - milijun itd. Npr. :
There are at least half a dozen
Na njegovu pisaem stolu ima barem
pencils on his desk .
est olovaka .
She bought a thousand sheets of paper . Kupila je tisuu araka papira .
351 . u nekim izrazima kojima se oznauje cijena i vrijeme . Npr . :
He lives on fifty pence a day .
The speed limit on this road is
sixty miles an hour .
This cloth is two pounds a yard .
I used to meet him four times a week .

On ivi od pedeset penija na dan .

Doputena brzina na ovoj cesti je
ezdeset milja na sat .
Ovo sukno stoji dvije funte po jardu .
Sastajao sam se s njim etiri puta tjedno .

352 . u izrazima a few - nekoliko , a little -neto , a lot of - mnogo , a great deal of mnogo itd . Npr . :
He has a few friends , who keep
him company .
She earns a little money and so she
can buy the most necessary things .
At two o'clock there were a lot of
people waiting for the tram.

On ima nekoliko prijatelja koji

mu prave drutvo .
Ona zarauje neto novaca pa moe
kupiti najpotrebnije stvari .
U dva sata bilo je mnogo ljudi koji
su ekali na tramvaj.

Napomena
353.Treba paziti na razliku izmeu few - mali broj, malo njih i a few - nekoliko. Slina
razlika
postoji i izmeu little - malo i a little-neto, neto malo. Na pr.:

He has few friends and often feels lonely. On ima malo prijatelja i esto se osjea
usamljen.
70.
He has so little money that he cannot help On ima tako malo novaca da mi ne moe
pome.

moi.

354.U usklinim reenicama koje poinju sa what neodreeni lan stoji iza what ispred
brojivih imenica u jednini.Na pr.:
What a lovely day!
What a pretty girl!
What an exciting story!

Krasna li dana!
Draesne li djevojke!
Uzbudljive li prie!

355.iza such,quite i half. Na pr.:

You should never say such a thing.
Don't be in such a hurry!
She is quite a good pupil.
He drank half a bottle of wine.
They talked for half an hour.
She gave the child half an orange.

Ne bi smio nikada kazati tako neto.

Nemoj se tako uriti!
Ona je prilino dobra uenica.
Popio je pola boce vina.
Razgovarali su pola sata.
Dala je djetetu pola narane.

Napomena
356. Umjesto neodreenog lana ne smije se upotrijebiti one.Ne valja rei:I saw one man
nego I saw a man. U bosanskom moemo u takvom sluaju rei: Vidio sam jednog
/nekog/ ovjeka.U engleskom se one upotrbljava samo u brojnom smislu. Na pr.:
There is only one more day before the
holidays.

Jo je samo jedan dan do praznika.

IZOSTAVLJANJE NEODREENOG LANA

Omission of the Indefinite Article
Neodreeni lan se upotrebljava:
357.ispred imenica u mnoini. Na pr.:
Tickets in the circle are expensive.

Karte u serklu su skupe.

/Jednina : A ticket in the circle is expensive./

Towns should be clean.

Gradovi bi morali biti istiji.

/Jednina: A town should be clean./

71.
Robert and John are architects.

Robert i John su arhitekti.

/Jednina: Robert is an architect./

ispred nebrojivih imenica /Uncountable Nouns/
358. koje oznauju neku materiju. Na pr.:
Milk is healthy and good.
We write on paper.
Steel and iron are useful metals.

Mlijeko je zdravo i dobro.

Piemo na papiru.
elik u eljezo su korisni metali.

359. koje oznauju neto apstraktno . Na pr.:

Courage and honsety often go together. Hrabrost i potenje esto idu zajedno.
Beauty is only skin-deep.
Ljepota je prolazna.
The whole world is fighting for peace. Cijeli svijet se bori za mir.
360. Ako se nebrojive imenice upotrbljavaju u odreenom smislu, ispred njih stoji odreeni
lan. Na pr.:
The beauty of the Dalmatian coast is
famous.

Ljepota dalmatinske obale je glasovita.

A lot has been written about the courage Mnogo se pisalo o hrabrosti naih vojnika.
of our soldiers.

ODREENI LAN
The definite Article
361. Odreeni lan ima isti oblik za jedninu i mnoinu: the. Na pr.:
the worker - radnik
the engine - stroj
the field - polje

the workers - radnici

the engines - strojevi
the fields - polja

Izgovor odreenog lana

362. Odreeni lan se izgovara na dva naina: ispred rijei koje poinju suglasnikom
izgovara
se/d/, a ispred rijei koje poinju samoglasnikom /di/. Na pr.:

the station
the woman / d /
the hat

the elephant
the underground / di /
the admiral
72.

Odreeni lan se upotrebljava:

363. ispred imenica od kojih postoji samo jedna te vrste. Na pr.:

In the future it wil be possible for many
people to reach the Moon.
The sun is very hot today.
They reached the Pole on January 18th.

U blioj budunosti bit e mnogim ljudima

mogue doi na Mjesec.
Danas je sunce jako vrue.
18. januara stigli su na Pol.

364. ispred imenica koje su postale odreene time to se spominju drugi put. Na pr.:
There is a man standing at the door.
The man is old and weak.
My friend John attends a technical
school. The school belongs to a texfactory.

Pred vratima stoji neki ovjek. Taj ovjek

je star i slab.
Moj prijatelj John ide u tehniku kolu.
kola pripada tvornici tekstila.

365. ispred imenica koje su poblie odreene odnosnom reenicom , pridjevom ili nekom
frazom. Na pr.:
The vilage where he was born is pretty.
Selo u kojem se on rodio je lijepo.
The man in blue car is an actor.
ovjek u plavom automobilu je glumac.
The girl who opened the door is their niece.
Djevojka koja je otvorila vrata je njihova
neakinja.
The grey building is a hospital.
Siva zgrada je bolnica.
366.ispred pridjeva u superlativu i ispred rednih brojeva. Na pr.:
London is the biggest city in Europe.
She bought the most expensive coat
in the shop.
She was the first person he saw when
he opened the door.
This is the third time he is abroad.

London je najvei grad u Evropi.

Kupila je najskuplji kaput u trgovini.
Ona je bila prve osoba koju je vidio kad je
otvorio vrata.
To je trei put da je on u inostranstvu.

367.ispred imenica u jednini koje predstavljaju vrstu. Na pr.:

The dog is a faithful animal.
The bee is industrious.
Napomena

Pas je vjerna ivotinja.

Pela je marljiva.

Pred imenicama koje predstavljaju cijelu vrstu moe se upotrijebiti neodreeni i

odreeni
lan/vidi poglavlje o neodreenom lanu,348/.
73.
368.ispred pridjeva, da oznai skup osoba koje imaju svojstva to ga izraava taj pridjev.
Na pr.:
This is home for the blind.
Have you read the novel "The Naked
and the Dead"?

To je dom slijepih.
Jesi li itao roman" Goli i mrtvi"?

369.ispred imena rijeka, mora, okeana, planinskih lanaca, otoja, kao i uz imena zemalja
koja stoje u mnoini. Na pr.:
London is situated on the Thames.
The Atlantic is smaller than the Pacific.
The tops of the Alps are always covered
snijegom.
with snow.
The Hebrides are a group of islands in
the north of Scotland .
In the United States industry is highly
developed .

London lei na Temzi.

Atlanski ocean je manji od Pacifika.
Vrhunci Alpa uvijek su pokriveni

Hebridi su grupa otoka na sjeveru

kotske .
Industrija je u Sjedinjenim Dravama
visoko razvijena .

370 . ispred porodinih imena u mnoini da se oznae svi lanovi jedne porodice . Npr . :
The Thompsons have a house
in the country .
The Browns have lived in this
village for many years .

Thompsonovi imaju kuu na selu .

Brownovi ve mnogo godina ive
u ovom selu .

IZOSTAVLJANJE ODREENOG LANA

Omission of the Definite Article
Odreeni lan se ne upotrebljava :
371 . ispred imena osoba , gradova , ulica , pojedinanih brda i vrhunaca , kao i imena
zemalja koja stoje u jednini . Npr . :
He went to France and settled
in Paris .
The shops in Regent Street are
vere attractive .

On je otiao u Francusku i nastanio se

u Parizu .
Trgovine u Regent Streetu vrlo su
privlane .

The have two children , Ann and Peter .

Etna is a volcano in Italy .
On a clear day you can see from Calais
the white cliffs of Dover .

Oni imaju dvoje djece , Anu i Petra .

Etna je vulkan u Italiji .
Po jasnom danu vide se iz Calaisa
bijele stijene Dovera .
74.

372 . ispred apstraktnih i gradivnih imenica kad o njima govorimo openito . Npr . :
She played the piano so well that I was
filled with admiration .
Success is impossible without
hard work .
Coffee and tea do not grow in our
country .
Cotton is not so warm as wool .

Svirala je klavir tako dobro da sam

bio ispunjen divljenjem .
Uspjeh je nemogu bez marljivog
rada .
Kahva i aj ne rastu u naoj
zemlji .
Pamuk nije tako topao kao vuna .

373 . Ako se apstraktne i gradivne imenice upotrijebe u odreenom smislu , onda pred
njima stoji odreeni lan . Npr . :
The admiration he felt for his doctor
him interested in medicine .
The success of the firm is due to
good management .
The tea I bought in England is exellent .
odlian je.

Divljenjem to ga je osjeao prema svom

lijeniku pobudilo je njegov interes za
medicinu .
Uspjeh firme treba zahvaliti
dobroj upravi .
aj to sam ga kupio u Engleskoj

374 . ispred imenica koje oznauju obroke . Npr . :

For my friend John breakfast is the
most important meal .
After dinner rest a whille after supper
walk a mile .
We always have a cup of coffee after
lunch .

Za mog prijatelja Johna doruak

je najvaniji obrok .
Poslije ruka odmori se naas , poslije
veere proei jednu milju .
Poslije ruka uvijek popijemo alicu kahve .

Kad se misli na odreene obroke , mora se upotrijebiti lan . Npr . :

The breakfast the serve in this
restaurant is far from being good .
The lunch we had yestarday was the
best I can remember .

Doruak to ga serviraju u ovom restoranu

sve je prije nego dobar .
Ruak to smo ga imali juer bio je
najbolji koga se mogu sjetiti .

375 . ispred imenica school - kola , prison - zatvor , market - trg , bed -krevet , table - stol ,
kad mislimo na svrhu kojoj slue , a ne na samu zgradu ili predmet . Npr . :
When school was over , he went

Kad je obuka bila zavrena , poao je

straight home .
He was found quilty and sent to prison .
When I entered , they were all at table .

ravno kui .
Pronali su ga krivim i zatvorili .
Kad sam uao , oni su svi bili za stolom
( kod jela ) .
75.

376 . Kad mislimo na samu zgradu ili predmet , upotrebljavamo pred tim imenicama lan .
Npr:
The white building on the left is
Bijela zgrada na lijevoj strani je kola .
the school .
The old castle in the valey is
Stari dvorac u dolini je zatvor naega grada .
the prison of our town .
The table in our sitting room is very old . Stol u naoj dnevnoj sobi vrlo je star .
377 . umnogim ustaljenim izrazima , kao i izrazima koji se sastoje od dva paralelna dijela :
hand in hand - drei se za ruke , frommorning till night - od jutra do noi itd . Npr . :
We travelled by day .
Putovali smo danju .
Some peple prefer working at night . Neki ljudi vole raditi nou .
In our age of mashinery few things
U naem vijeku strojeva malo se stvari
are made by hand .
izrauje rukom .
They walked hand in hand .
Hodali su drei se za ruku .
She works from morning till
Ona radi od jutra do mraka .
night .

PRIDJEVI
Adjectives
378 . Pridjevi se u engleskom jeziku znatno razlikuju od pridjeva u bosanskom jeziku . Oni
su
( osim pokaznih ) nepromjenjljive rijei .
John is a good boy .
Mary is a good girl .
She is a good child .
My mother is a techer .
My father is a doctor .

John je dobar djeak .

Marija je dobra djevojka .
Ona je dobro dijete .
Moja majka je nastavnica .
Moj otac je lijenik .

379 . Iz ovih primjera vidimo da pridjevi u engleskom jeziku ( good , my , kao i svi ostali )
imaju jedan oblik za sva tri roda , dok u bosanskom jeziku pridjev ima posebni oblik za svaki
rod
380 . London is a big city .
London and Paris are big cities .
His uncle is a farmer .
His uncles are farmers .

London je velik grad .

London i Paris su veliki gradovi.
Njegov amida je farmer .
Njegove amide su farmeri .

Iz ovih primjera vidimo da se pridjevi u engleskom ( big , his , kao i svi ostali ) imaju jedan
oblik za jedninu i mnoinu , dok u bosanskom jeziku pridjev ima poseban oblik za jedninu i
mnoinu .
76.
381 . His new coat is very expensive .
Njegov je novi kaput vrlo skup .
He is not satisfied with his new coat .
On nije zadovoljan svojim novim kaputom .
Everybody speaks about his new coat . Svi govore o njegovom novom kaputu.
Iz ovih primjera vidimo da pridjevi u engleskom /new, his, kao i svi ostali/ imaju jedan oblik
za sve padee, dok u bosanskom jeziku postoji poseban oblik za svaki pade.

Pridjev se u reenici upotrebljava :

382. kao atribut. Na pr.:
The young man returned home last week. Mladi ovjek se vratio kui prole sedmice.
A small child needs a lot of care.
Malom je djetetu potrebno mnogo njege.
A good book is a good companoin.
Dobra je knjiga dobar drug.
Napomena
Atribut je rije koja stoji uz imenicu i poblie je oznaava.
383. kao dio imenskog predikata. Na pr.:
This lesson is long.
In winter the nights are cold.
This hotel is modern and comfortable.

Ova lekcija je dugaka.

Zimi su noi hladne.
Ovaj hotel je moderan i udoban.

384. U engleskom jeziku ima nekoliko pridjeva koji se ne mogu upotrijebiti atributivno, ve
samo kao dio imenskog predikata. Na pr.:
You cannot spesk to him he is asleep.
This child is not afraid of anything.
I am not fond of sweets.

Ne moete s njim razgovarati on spava.

Ovo se dijete niega ne boji.
Ne volim slatkie.

385. Ako pred pridjev stavimo odreeni lan, on dobiva znaenje imenice u mnoini: the
dead-mrtvaci, the poor-siromasi,the just- pravednici, the rich- bogatai. Na pr.:

The old often cannot understand

the young .
" The Naked and the Dead " is the
title of a well - known novel .

Stari esto ne razumiju mlade .

" Goli i mrtvi " je naslov poznatog romana .

Napomena :
Vidi takoer poglavlje o odreenom lanu , taka 368 .
77.

KOMPARACIJA PRIDJEVA
Comparison of Adjectives
386 . Opisni pridjevi , npr . : small - malen , big - velik , beatiful - lijep , high - visok itd .
imaju u engleskom kao i u bosanskom jeziku tri stupnja komparacije : pozitiv (the positive ) ,
komparativ ( the comparative ) i superlativ ( the superlative ) .
Pozitiv je osnovni oblik pridjeva . Njime izraavamo osobinu bia ili predmeta . Npr . :
This man is old . - Ovaj ovjek je star .
Komparativom kazujemo da neko svojstvo kod jednoga postoji u veoj mjeri kod drugoga .
He is older than my father . - On je stariji nego moj otac .
Superlativom kazujemo da neko svojstvo kod nekog postoji u najveoj mjeri . John is the
best
pupil in the class . - John je najbolji uenik u razredu .

Tvorba komparativa i superlativa

387 . Jednosloni pridjevi ( Adjectives of one syllable ) tvore komparativ tako da se
komparativu doda nastavak -er , odnosno - r ako se pridjev svrava u pozitivu na - e . Npr . :
small- er - manji
old - er - stariji
clean - er - ii

wide - r
wise - r
pale - r

388 . Superlativ jednoslonih pridjeva tvori se tako da se pozitivu doda nastavak - est , a ako
se pozitiv doda nastavak - est , a ako se pozitiv svrava na - e , nastavak - st . Pred superlativ
pridjeva stavlja se odreeni lan . Npr . :
the small - est - najmanji
the old - est - najstariji
the clean - est - najii

the wide - st - najiri

the wise - st - najmudriji
the pale - st - najbljei

Napomene uz komparativ i superlativ

389 . Ako se jednosloni pridjev svrava na jedan suglasnik pred kojim stoji kratak
samoglasnik podvostruava se krajnji suglasnik , podvostruuva se krajnji suglasnik ispred
nastavka
- er i est Npr . :

fat - debeo
thin - tanak
sad - alostan

fattest
thinner
sadder

the fattest
the thinnest
the saddest
78.

390 . Ako se jednosloni pridjev svrava na - y pred kojim stoji suglasnik , -y se mijenja u i :
dry - suh
sly - lukav

drier
slier

the driest
the sliest

391 . Dvosloni , trosloni i viesloni pridjevi ( Adjectives of two , three or more syllables )
tvore komparativ tako tako da se pred pozitiv pridjeva stavi more , a superlativ tako da se
pred pozitiv pridjeva stavi the most . Npr . :

careful - oprezan
splendid - sjajan
interesting - zanimljiv
dangerous - opasan

more careful
more splendid
more interesting
more dangeroust

the most careful

the most splendid
the most interesting
the most dangerous

Neki dvosloni pridjevi tvore komparativ i superlativ na isti nain kao i jednosloni pridjevi .
To su :
392 . pridjevi koji se svravaju na - er , -le , i - y . Npr . :
clever - pametan
noble - plemenit
easy - lak

clever - er
noble - r
easie - r

the clever - est

the noble - st
the easi-est

393 . pridjevi sa naglaskom na drugom slogu . Npr . :

severe - strog
polite - uljudan
complete - potpun
acute - otar

severe - r
polite - r
complete - r
acute - r

the severe - st
the polite - st
the complete - st
the acute - st

79.

NEPRAVILNA KOMPARACIJA
Irregular Comparison
394 . Neki vrlo obini i esti , pridjevi imaju nepravilnu komparaciju . To su :
good - dobar
bad - zao
much

-mnogo

better
worse

the best
the worst

more

the most

less

the least

farther

the farthest

further

the furtherst

older

the oldest

elder

the eldest

many
little - malen , malo

far - dalek

old - star

later

late - kasan

latter

the latest
the last

Little
395 . Kad little znai malo , upotrebljava se uz imenice u jednini koje znae neku materiju
ili neto nebrojivo . Npr . :
There is little sugar in this lemonade .
We have very little coal in our cellar .
He had little pleasure in his life .

U ovoj limunadi ima malo eera .

Imamo vrlo malo ugljena u naem podrumu .
On je u ivotu imao malo radosti .

396 . Uz imenice u mnoini ne moe se upotrijebiti little , nego few . Npr . :

There are few things he likes better
than his car .
Today there have been few customers

Ima malo stvari koje su mu milije od

njegova auta .
Danas je bilo malo muterija

in the shop .

u trgovini .

( Za a few i a little pogledajte poglavlje o upotrebi neodreenog lana , taka

352 . )
80.

Much
397 . Much znai mnogo , a upotrebljava se uz imenice u jednini koje znae neku materiju
ili neto nebrojivo . Npr . :
There is not much bread left
for supper .
I haven't got much time .
Is there much snow in the street ?

Za veeru nije ostalo mnogo kruha .

Nemam mnogo vremena .
Ima li mnogo snijega na ulici ?

Many
398 . Many znai mnogo , a upotrebljava se uz imenice u mnoini . Npr . :
In winter there are not many visitors
in this hotel .
Were there many tickets left ?
There were not many original
thoughts in his speech .

Zimi nema mnogo gostiju u ovom

hotelu .
Je li preostalo mnogo karata ?
Nije bilo mnogo originalnih misli
u njegovu govoru .

Farther , the farthest , further , the furthest

399 . Oblici sa " a " ne razlikuju se znatno p3o znaenju od oblika sa " u " . Moglo bi se
rei da je oblik further i furthest obiniji te da se upotrebljava i za udaljenost i u prenesenom
smislu , dok se oblik farther i the farthest upotrebljava samo za udaljenost . Npr . :
He was too tired to go any further .
The reporter asked for further
information about the accident .

Bio je odvie umoran da ide dalje .

Reporter je zatraio dalje obavijesti o nesrei .

Older , the oldest , the eldest

400 . Older i the oldest upotrebljava se kad se usporeuje starost ili dob , a elder i eldest
samo atributivno uz nazive lanova porodice . Npr . :
This book is older than its owner . It
is the oldest book in his library .

Ova je knjiga starija nego njezin vlasnik . To

je najstarija knjiga u njegovoj knjinici .

His son is older than my sister Mary .

Njegov je sin stariji nego moja sestra Mary .
My older brother is a student of medicine . Moj je stariji brat student medicine .
Our eldest sister keeps house for all of us . Naa najstarija sestra vodi kuanstvo za sve
nas .

81.
Late
401 . Late ima pravilnu komparaciju , i onda mu komparativ znai kasniji ,a superlativ
najkasniji ili najnoviji . Nepravilni komparativ latter znai drugi od dva , a superlativ the
last
znai posljednji od veeg broja . Npr . :
If she had a choice between a detective
Kad bi mogla birati izmeu kriminalnog
story and a serious novel she would
i ozbiljnog romana , sigurno bi izabrala
surely choose the latter .
ovaj potonji .
He was the last passenger to get a sleeper . On je bio posljednji putnik koji je dobio
a sleeper .
spavaa kola .
Is there any later bus today ?
Ima li danas koji kasniji autobus ?
His latest work is said to be his best .
Kau da je njegovo posljednje djelo
njegovo najbolje djelo .

Napomena
402 . Last bez odreenog lana the znai proli . Npr . :
He returned home last year .
I met him last week .

Vratio se kui prole godine .

Sreo sam ga prolog tjedna .

VRSTE KOMPARACIJA
403 . Komparacijom se moe izraziti :
1 . jednakost
2 . nejednakost
3 . nadmonost .
404 . Jednakost se izraava sa as...as i pozitivom pridjeva . Npr . :
The meals in this restaurant are as
good as at home .
He is as strong as a horse .

Hrana je u ovom restoranu jednako dobra

kao kod kue .
Jak je kao konj .

405 . Nejednakost se izraava sa not so ... as i pozitivom pridjeva . Npr . :

Their garden is not so large as ours .

In Bosnia and Herzegovina rugby is
not so popular as football .

Njihov vrt nije tako velik kao na .

U Bosni i Hercegovini rugby nije tako
popularan kao nogomet .
82.

406 . Nadmonost se izraava komparativom , iza kojega stoji than . Npr . :

Asia is bigger than Europe .
My typewriter is better than yours .
Travelling by aeroplane is more
expensive than by train .

Azija je vea od Evrope .

Moj pisai stroj je bolji nego tvoj .
Putovanje avionom je skuplje nego
vlakom .

407 . Usporeivanje triju ili vie osoba ili stvari izraava se superlativom , iza kojega stoji of
ili among , a pred imenima mjesta in . Pred superlativom uvijek stoji the . Npr. :
This is the most interesting novel
of all the novels I nave read .
He was the youngest among
all the players .
She is the prettiest girl in our village .

Ovo je najzanimljiviji roman od svih

romana to sam ih proitao .
On je bio najmlai meu svim
igraima .
Ona je najljepa djevojka u naem selu .

408 . Komparativom se moe izraziti i usporedno poveanje ili smanjivanje dvaju svojstava .
To se izraava sa the + komparativ ... the + komparativ . Npr . :
The longer the journey , the more
it will cost .
The better the child , the happier
the parents .
The sooner you come , the better
for you .

to dulje putovanje , to e vie stajati .

to bolje dijete , to sretniji roditelji .
to prije doete , to bolje po vas .

409 . Komparativom se moe izraziti i postepeno poveanje ili smanjivanje . To se izraava

sa dva komparativa , izmeu kojih stoji and . Npr . :
He is growing fatter and fatter .
In spring the days become longer
and longer .
I am getting more and more
interested in this problem .

On postaje sve deblji .

U proljee dani postaju sve dulji .
Taj me problem sve vie zanima .

PRIDJEVI I ZAMJENICE
Adjectives and Pronouns
410 . U engleskom jeziku postoje neke rijei koje se upotrebljavaju kao pridjevi tj . ispred
imenice , i kao zamjenice , tj . samostalno ( umjesto imenice ) . Takve su rijei :
pokazni pridjevi i zamjenice ( Demonstratives )
posvojni pridjevi i zamjenice ( Possessives )

upitni pridjevi i zamjenice ( Interrogatives )

neodreeni pridjevi i zamjenice ( Indefinites )
Sve te rijei imaju isti oblik kao pridjevi i kao zamjenice , osim posvojnih , koji imaju
posebne oblike kao pridjev , a posebne kao zamjenice .
83.

POKAZNI PRIDJEVI I ZAMJENICE

Demonstratives
411 . Najobiniji pokazni pridjevi i zamjenice jesu : this - ovaj i that - taj , onaj.
This i that su jedini pridjevi koji imaju poseban oblik za mnoinu :
jednina
this
that

mnoina
these
those

Npr . :
This building is our school .
These houses belong to a textile
factory .
I like that car . Is it yours ?
Are those girls French ?

Ova zgrada je naa kola .

Ove kue pripadaju tvornici
tekstila .
Svia mi se onaj auto . Je li va ?
Jesu li one djevojke Francuskinje ?

412 . This i these odnose se na neto to je blizu po prostoru i vremenu that i those na neto
to je udaljenije od osobe koja govori .
This , these , that i those upotrebljavaju se kao pridjevi i kao zamjenice . Npr :
This man is her husband .

413 .
pridjev

Ovaj ovjek je njezin mu .

Could you lend me that pencil ? Da li biste mi mogli posuditi tu olovku ?

Is this your brother ? No , this
Je li to va brat ? Ne ,
414 . zamjenica is my friend Dick .
to je moj prijatelj Dick .
When did that happen ?
Kada se to dogodilo ?
Kao pokazni pridjevi i zamjenice upotrebljavaju se takoer such , the same i one .

such
415 . Kao pokazni pridjev , such znai takav , takve vrste . Npr . :
He talks too much . I don't
like such people .
Such accidents are very common .

On previe govori . Ne volim takve

ljude .
Takve su nesree vrlo este .

416 . Such moe znaiti i velik . Npr . :

She made such a mistake .
He is such a fool .

Napravila je veliku pogreku .

On je velika budala .
84.

417 . Such se upotrebljava i kao zamjenica . Npr . :

If you behave like a child , you
must be treated as such .
The result was such that everybody
was suprised .

Ako se ponaa kao dijete ,

mora se s tobom tako i postupati .
Rezultat je bio takav da su svi
bili iznenaeni .

the same
418 . The same oznauje jednakost i uvijek se upotrebljava s odreenim lanom . Moe se
upotrebiti kao pridjev i kao zamjenica . Npr . :

pridjev

The were born in the

same house .
Her eyes and her hair are
the same colour .
A Happy New Year !
The same to you .

Roeni su u istoj kui .

Njene su oi i kosa iste boje .

Sretnu novu godinu !

I tebi .

zamjenica
She is the same as her mother : Ona je ista kao njena majka :
intelligent , gay and pretty .
pametna , vesela i draesna .

one
419 . Iza pokaznih zamjenica the , this , that , these i those esto se dodaje one ( u mnoini
ones ) da se izbjegne ponavljanje prije spomenute imenice . Npr . :
I like this cake better than that one .
You will take the brown boxes and
I will take the black ones .
The window of my room is the one
with a green blind .

Vie mi se svia ovaj kola nego onaj .

Ti e ponijeti smee kutije , a ja
u uzeti crne .
Prozor moje sobe je onaj sa
zelenim zastorom .

85.

PRISVOJNI PRIDJEVI I ZAMJENICE

Possessives
420 . Posvojni pridjevi i zamjenice su rijei koje izriu pripadanje . Ubosanskom jeziku
prisvojni pridjevi i zamjenice imaju isti oblik . Npr . :
pridjev

zamjenica

Moja je zadaa dobra .

Ovo je njezina lopta .

ija je zadaa dobra ? - Moja .

Ova lopta je njezina .

U engleskom jeziku razlikuje se oblik posvojnog pridjeva od oblika posvojne zamjenice .

Navedeni primjeri , prevedeni na engleski , glase :
pridjev

zamjenica

My homework is good .

Whose homework is good ?

- Mine .
This ball is hers .

This is her ball .

Iz ovih primjera vidimo da mine i hers stoje umjesto my homework i her ball , tj . posvojna
zamjenica zamijenjuje posvojni pridjev s imenicom .

421. Posvojni pridjevi

my
your
his
her
its
our
their

moj
tvoj
njegov
njezin
( za stvari )
na
njihov

Posvojne zamjenice
mine
yours
his
hers
its
yours
theirs

my - mine
422 . Posvojni pridjev za 1 . lice je my , a zamjenice mine . Npr . :
Is that my umbrella ?

Je li to moj kiobran ?

No , I believe it is mine .

Ne , mislim da je moj .

86.

your - yours
423 . Posvojni pridjev za 2 . lice jednine i mnoine je your , a zamjenica yours . Npr . :
Your answer was the best .
Is this copybook yours .

Tvoj je odgovor bio najbolji .

Je li biljenica tvoja ?

424 . Posvojni pridjevi za 3 . lice jednine jesu his , her i its , a zamjenica his , hers i its .

his
425 . His se upotrebljava kao pridjev i kao zamjenica ako neto pripada mukom biu . Npr .
:
Albert and his brother are
good footballers .
My gloves are newer than his .

Albert i njegov brat su

dobri nogometai .
Moje su rukavice novije nego njegove .

her - hers
426 . Her se upotrebljava kao pridjev , a hers kao zamjenica ako neto pripada enskom
biu :
Mary and her friend are fond of
jazz muzic .
Robert's moters tonque is Englis ,
and hers is French .

Marija i njezine prijateljice vole dez .

Robertov je maternji jezik engleski , a njezin
francuski .

its
427 . Its se upotrebljava kao posvojni pridjev za stvari i za ivotinje . Npr . :
If you do not shut the tin , the coffee
will lose its flavour .
The rabbit protected its little ones
from the cold .

Ako ne zatvorite limenku , kahva e izgubiti

svoj miris .
Kuni je titio svoje mlade od hladnoe .

87.
our - ours
Our se upotrebljava kao prisvojni pridjev , a ours kao posvojna zamjenica za 1. lice mnoine
:
Our school is on the other side
of the park .
American newspapers are bigger
than ours .

Naa je kola na drugojstrani parka .

Amerike su novine vee nego nae .

their - theirs

429 . Their se upotrebljava kao posvojni pridjev , a theirs kao posvojna zamjenica za 3 . lice
mnoine . Npr . :
Their expedition was a great success .
Our car is a Ford and theirs is a Fiat .

Njihova je ekspedicija bila vrlo uspjena .

Na auto je Ford , a njihov je Fijat .

430 . ovih primjera vidimo da engleski posvojni pridjevi ( my , your , his itd . ) imaju samo
jedan oblik za sva tri roda , dok u bosanskom imamo posebni oblik za muki , enski i
srednji rod ( englesko my moe znaiti moj , moja , moje , your , tvoj , tvoja , tvoje itd . )
431 . Posvojni se pridjev u engleskom jeziku , redovito upotrebljava ispred imenica koje
oznauju dijelove tijela i odjevne predmete . Npr . :
She carried an umbrella in her
right hand .
He took his handkerchief from
his pocket and wiped his face .

Nosila je kiobran u desnoj ruci .

Izvadio je iz depa rupi i obrisao lice .

Takve posvojne zamjenice , kako to vidimo iz prijevoda , ne prevode na bosanski jezik .

432 . Posvojne se zamjenice upotrebljavaju u nekim ustaljenim izrazima . Npr . :
a ffriend of mine
a cousin of hers
some books of theirs

- jedan moj prijatelj

- jedan njen brati
- neke njihove knjige

433 . Posvojne zamjenica yours vrlo esto upotrebljava u zavrnoj fazi u pismima . Npr . :

Yours sincerely
Yours faithfuly
Very respektfully yours

- Srdano Te pozdravlja
- S potovanjem
- S osobitim potovanjem

88.

UPITNI PRIDJEVI I ZAMJENICE

Interrogatives
434 . Pitanja esto zapoinju upitnim pridjevima ili zamjenicama .kao to su :
who , whose , whom , which i what .

who
435 . Who se moe upotrebiti samo kao zamjenica . Oblici zamjenice who jesu : genitiv
whose - iji i akuzativom whom- koga . Zamjenicom who pitamo za osobe . Npr . :
Who is our greatest conductor ?
Tko je na najvei dirigent ?
Who went to fetch bread this morning ? Tko je jutros iao po kruh '
436 . U ovim primjerima zamjenica who je u nominativu . Ona je subjekt reenice .
Who ( whom ) are you
talking about ?
Who ( whom ) did you give
did you give the tiket to ?

O kome razgovarate ?
Kome si dao kartu ?

437 . U ovim primjerima who nije subjekt reenice . On zamjenjuje oblikom whom . U
modernom se engleskom jeziku oblik who sve vie upotrebljava umjesto whom .

whose
438 . Whose se upotrebljava kao pridjev i kao zamjenica . Npr . :
Whose car is parked in front
of our house ?
Whose room is the one on the left ?
Whose was that voice ?
Whose are these flowers ?

iji je auto parkiran ispred nae kue ?

ija soba je ona nalijevo ?
iji je to bio glas ?
ije je ovo cvijee ?

89.
what
439 . What se upotrebljava kao pridjev i kao zamjenica . Kao pridjev znai koji , kakav , a
kao zamjenica to . Npr . :
Whot sise are your shoes ?
What time does your train leave
What kind of music do you like
better , jazz or classical music ?
What was it you wanted to know ?
What did you bring her from Italy ?
What were they doing when you
arrived ?

Koji broj su vae cipele ?

U koje vrijeme odlazi va vlak ?
Koju vrstu glazbe vie volite ,
dez ili klasinu glazbu ?
to si ono htio znati ?
to si joj donio iz Italije ?
to su radili kad ste vi stigli?

440 . What se redovno upotrebljava kad pitamo za neije zvanje . Npr . :

What is his son ? - He is a mechanic .
What was your grandfather ? - He
was an officer .

to je njegov sin ? - On je mehaniar .

to je bio tvoj djed ? - On je bio oficir .

441 . U upitnim se reenicama u engleskom jeziku prijedlog esto stavlja na kraj reenice .
Tako se umjesto : About what are you writing ? kae : What are you about ? - O emu pie?
Ili : With whom did she go ? bit e : Who did she go with ?
U takvim se sluajevima whom obino mijenja u who . Evo jo nekoliko primjera :
Who are you waiting for ?
Who is this letter for ?
What did you break the
window with ?
What was the conference about ?

Koga eka ?
Za koga je ovo pismo ?
ime si razbioprozor ?
O emu se govorilo na konferenciji ?

which
442 . Which se upotrebljava kao pridjev i kao zamjenica kad odabiremo jedno ili vie od
odreenog broja osoba ili stvari . Npr . :
Which way is shorter ?
Koji je put najkrai ?
Which train do you want to take ,
Kojim vlakom elite putovati , prvim ili
the first or the second in the morning ? drugim jutarnjim ?
Which of the sisters Brown has
Koja vas je od sestara Brown

invited you to her party ?

Which do you like better ,
tea or coffee ?

pozvala na svoju zabavu ?

to vie voli , aj ili kahvu ?

90.
443 . Upitna je zamjenica vrlo esto subjekt reenice . U takvom se sluaju ne upotrbljava
glagol do . Npr . :
Who told you to leave the
door open ?
What caused the train to be late ?
Wich of the boys won the game ?

Tko ti je rekao da ostavi

vrata otvorena ?
Koji je uzrok da je vlak zakasnio ?
Koji je od djeaka pobijedio u igri ?

444 . Ako je upitna zamjenica objekat reenice , mora se upotrijebiti glagol do . Npr :
What did you see there ?
Who did you speak to last night ?

to ste tamo vidjeli ?

S kime si sino razgovarao ?

NEODREENI PRIDJEVI I ZAMJENICE

Indefinites
445 . Ako elimo oznaiti neku osobu , stvar , koliinu ili broj , upotrebit emo neodreeni
pridjev ili zamjenicu . U bosanskom jeziku su najobinije takve rijei : netko , neto , itko ,
ita ,
svatko , svata , nitko , nita neiji , iiji , niiji itd . Neodreeni pridjevi i zamjenice u
engleskom jeziku jesu :
some i sloenice somebody , someone , something
any i sloenice anybody , anyone , anything
no i sloenice nobody , no - one i nothing
every i sloenice everybody , everyone , everything .
Meu neodreene pridjeve i zamjenice ubrajamo i each , either , neither , both , all i one .

some
446. Some i sloenice sa some upotrebljavaju se u potvrdnim reenicama .
447 . Some uz nebrojive imenice oznauju neodreenu koliinu . Npr . :
Yesterday I bought some oil
for my car .
I need some money .

Juer sam kupio ulja za svoj auto .

Treba mi novaca .

448 . Some uz nebrojive imenice oznauje neodreeni broj . Npr . :

He has some interesting photographs

from Africa .
There are some very good students
in his class .

On ima interesantnih fotografija

iz Afrike .
U njegovu razredu ima vrlo dobrih
studenata .
91.

somebody i someone
449 . Somebody i someone oznauju neodreenu osobu . Npr . :
There is somebody in the next room .
Somebody has asked for you .
Someone wil have to pay for it .
Here are somebody's gloves .

Netko je u susjednoj sobi .

Netko je pitao za tebe .
Netko e to morati platiti .
Ovdje su neije rukavice .

Napomena :
Sloenice sa body i one upotrebljavaju se u genitivu ( somebody's , someone's , anybody's ,
everyone's itd . ) da oznae pripadanje neodreenoj osobi .

something
450 . Something oznauje neodreenu stvar . Npr . :
There is something wrong with
that door .
Give me something to eat .

Neto nije u redu s tim vratima .

Daj mi neto za jelo .

451 . Some i sloenice sa some mogu se upotrijebiti i u upitnoj reenici , i to :

ako oekujemo potvrdan odgovor . Npr . :
Can I have some sugar ?
Mogu li dobiti eera ?
I can see that you have laid the table . Vidim da ste prostrli stol .
Are you expecting someone ?
Oekujete li nekoga ?
u pitanjima koja izraavaju poziv ili molbu . Npr . :
Will you have some more cake ?
Won't you have some more coffee ?

Hoete li jo kolaa ?
Zar neete jo malo kahve ?

any
452 . Any i sloenice sa any upotrebljavaju se u upitnim i odrinim reenicama .
453 . Any uz nebrojive imenice oznauje neodreenu koliinu . Npr . :

Is there any sugar in the cupboard ?

There was not any possibility to
get a taxi .

Ima li eera u ormaru ?

Nije bilo mogue dobiti taksi .

92.
454 . Any uz brojive imenice znai neodreen broj . Npr .:
Are there any words in this text
that you don't knov ?
He has not any rellatives abroad .

Ima li u tom tekstu rijei

koje ne poznajete ?
On nema roaka u inozemstvu .

455 . Imenica ispred koje stoji some ili any prevodi se obino na bosanski genitivom koji
oznauje dio neke cjeline ( partitivnim genitivom ) . To moemo vidjeti iz prijevoda
navedenih primjera .
456 . Any i njegove sloenice upotrebljavaju se uz rijei hardly , scarcely - jedva , gotovo ne ,
without - bez , koje imaju u znaenju neto odrino . Npr . :
I have done hardly any work today .
There were scarcely any houses there .
He did it without anybody's help .

Danas nisam gotovo nita uradio .

Tamo gotovo i nije bilo kua .
On je to uinio bez iije pomoi .

457 . Any i njegove sloenice upotrebljavaju se i u potvrdnim reenicama . Onda im je

znaenje
bilo koji , bilo kakav , koji god , bilo tko itd . Npr . .
You can choose any book youlike .
You can find me at home any day
next week .
It is not a difficult task.
Anybody can do it .

Moe izabrati bilo koju god knjigu eli .

Moete me nai kod kue svaki ( bilo koji )
dan idueg tjedna .
To nije teak zadatak .
To moe svatko ( bilo tko ) uiniti .

no
458 . No se upotrebljava kao pridjev , a stoji umjesto not any , Npr . :
I have no ( not any ) time today .
There has been no rain for weeks .

Danas nemam vremena .

Ve tjednima nije bilo kie .

none
459 . None se upotrebljava kao zamjenica , a stoji umjesto no i imenice koja je prije
spomenuta Npr . :
Can I have some butter ?
- I am afraid there is none
( no butter ) at home .

Mogu li dobiti malo maslaca ?

- Bojim se da ga nemamo kod kue.

All the boys were inwited but none

were able to come .

Svi su djeaci bili pozvani , ali nijedan

nije mogao doi .

93.
nobody , no - one
460 . Nobody i no - one su zamjenice , a znae nitko . Stoje umjesto not , anybody , not
anyone: Npr . :
Nobody came to see me on my birthday .
There was no - one to meet me .

Nitko me nije doao posjetiti za moj

roendan .
Nije bilo nikoga da me doeka .

nothing
461 . Nothing je zamjenica koja stoji umjesto not anything , a znai nita . Npr . :
There is nothing to be done .
They searched him but found
nothing in his pockets .

Nita se ne moe uiniti .

Pretraili su ga , ali nisu nali nita
u njihovim depovima .

462 . Iz prijevoda odrinih reenica sa any i no ( i njihovim sloenicama ) vidimo da se u

bosanskom upotrebljavaju dvije negacije , dok u engleskim odrinim reenicama stoji samo
negacija , Npr . :
Nitko nije doao .
Nemam nita .
Nitko nije bio tamo .

Nobody came .
I have nothing .
There was not anybody there .

every
463 . Every je samo pridjev , a znai svaki . Upotrebljava se za vie od dvoje kad se o njima
govori kao o grupi u kojoj svi lanovi imaju neke zajednike oznake . Npr . :
You can find it in every small
village in England .
He used to come every day .

To moete nai u svakom malom selu

u Engleskoj .
Dolazio je svaki dan .

everybody i everyone
464 . Everybody i everyone su zamjenice , a znae svatko . Npr . :
In this house everybody has a
television set .

U ovoj kui svatko ima televizor .

The earthquake was a great blow

to everyone .

Potres je bio teak udarac za svakoga .

94.
everything
465 . Everything je zamjenica , a znai svata , sve . Npr . :
Almost everything in his
homework was wrong .
I ate a little of everything .

Gotovo je sve u njegovoj domaoj zadai

bilo pogreno .
Jeo sam pomalo od svaega .

each
466 . Each znai svaki , a upotrebljava se kao pridjev i kao zamjenica za dvoje ili vie njih
kad se o njima govori pojedinano . Npr . :
I sent some chocolate to each girl .
Each of them had to write an essay .

Poslao sam okolade svakoj od djevojica .

Svaki pojedini od njih morao je napisati
jedan sastavak .

either
467 . Either se upotrebljava kao pridjev i kao zamjenica , a znai jedan ili drugi od dva , ili
jedan i drugi od dva . Npr . :
Have you written to either of them ?
Jesi li pisao kojem od njih dvojice ?
People walked on either side of the street . Ljudi su hodali na obje strane ulice .

neither
Neither se upotrebljava kao pridjev i kao zamjenica , a znai nijedan ni drugi . Npr . :
They showed her both houses but she
liked neither .
Neither of the two novels is
worth reading .
In neither case can I join you .

Pokazali su joj obje kue , ali joj se

ni jedna nije sviala .
Ne vrijedi proitati ni jedan od
ta dva romana .
Ne mogu vam se pridruiti ni u jednom
ni u drugom sluaju .

95.
other
469 . Other se moe upotrebiti kao pridjev i kao zamjenica , a znai drugi , ne taj , ne isti .
Moe stajati s odreenim i s neodreenim lanom . S neodreenim lanom pie se uvijek kao
jedna rije another . Npr . :
I have seen other people do the
same thing .
I don't like this television set . Show
me the other .
I have lost my watch and have
buy another .
What was the other's name ?
Tell the others that the meeting
won't take place .

Vidio sam da drugi ljudi rade to isto .

Ne svia mi se ovaj televizor . Pokaite mi
onaj drugi .
Izgubio sam sat pa moram kupiti drugi .
Kako se zvao onaj drugi ?
Reci ostalim da se sastanak nee odrati .

napomena
470 . Other i another kao zamjenice imaju genitiv ( other's , another's ) a other ( kao
zamjenica ) upotrebljava se i u mnoini ( others - drugi , ostali )

all
471 . All se upotrebljava kao pridjev i kao zamjenica , a znai sav , cijeli , svi , sve itd . Glagol
uz all moe stajati u jednini i u mnoini .
472 . Kad all znai sve ( za oznaku koliine ) , glagol stoji u jednini . Npr . :
They had to stop building the house
Morali su prestali s gradnjom kue jer je
because all timber was ruined by the rain . svu drvenu grau unitila kia .
All my time is taken up by reading
Sve vrijeme troim na pripremanje za ispit .
for the exam .
473 . Kad all znai svi , glagol stoji u mnoini . Npr . :
All the girls admired his voice .
There are so many films on that
you can't see themall .

both

Sve su se djevojke divile njegovu glasu .

Daje se toliko filmova da ih ne moe
sve vidjeti .

474 . Both se upotrebljava kao pridjev i kao zamjenica , a tnai oba , jedan i drugi . Glagol
uz both stoji uvijek u mnoini .
Both rooms are on the first floor .
They were both the same height .

Obje su sobe u prvom katu .

Bili su obojica iste visine .
96.

napomena
475 . U engleskom jeziku postoje tri neodreene zamjenice koje se upotrebljavaju kad se
radi o dvije osobe ili stvari , a to su : both , either i neither .

one
476 . One je zamjenica koja oznauje neku neodreenu osobu . U tom se sluaju u
bosanskom jeziku obino upotrebljava rije " ovjek " Npr . :
One cannot believe her , she is
never serious .
One cannot but admire him .

ovjek joj ne moe vjerovati , nikada

nije ozbiljna .
ovjek ne moe a da mu se ne divi .

477 . One se esto upotrebljava umjesto brojive imenice koja je ve prije u reenici
spomenuta . Npr . :
After selling his house in the country ,
he bought one in the town .

Poto je prodao svoju kuu na selu ,

kupio je jednu ( kuu ) u gradu .

478 . Ako one zamijenjuje imenicu u mnoini , onda se stavlja u mnoinu . Npr . :
I should like to bui a tie . Could you
elio bih kupiti jednu kravatu . Da li biste mi
show me the ones you have in the window .mogli pokazati one to ih imate u izlogu ?
Modern buildings have much more
Moderne zgrade imaju mnogo vie svijetla
light than the old ones .
nego stare .

LINE ZAMJENICE
Personal Pronouns
479 . Line zamjenice oznauju :
1. lice , tj . osobu koja govori . Npr . :
I know him very well .
Poznam ga vrlo dobro ;
2 . lice , tj . osobu kojoj se govori Npr . :
You know him very well .
Ti ga vrlo dobro pozna ;

3 . lice , tj osobu o kojoj se govori . Npr . :

She knows him very well .
Ona ga vrlo dobro pozna .

97.
480 . Line imaju za svako lice poseban oblik , osim za 2 . lice jednine i mnoine . Nominativ
linih zamjenica glasi :
I - ja
we - mi
you - ti
you - vi
he - on
she - ona
they - oni , one , ona
it - on , ona , ono ( za stvari i ivotinje )

I
481 . I je lina zamjenica za 1 . lice jednine . Pie se uvijek velikim slovom . Npr . :
I know that I must write this letter .

Znam da moram napisati to pismo .

you
482 . You je lina zamjenica za 2 . lice jednine i mnoine . Npr . :
She said to her son " You must
not do that . "
Our teacher always says : Boys and
djevojke ,
girls , you must work harder . "

Rekla je svojem sinu : " To ne smije uiniti ."

Na nastavnik uvijek kae : " Djeaci i
morate marljivije raditi . "

he
483 . He je lina zamjenica za 3 . lice , a upotrebljava se za muka bia . Npr . :
The policeman stands at the
crossroads . He controls the traffic .

Policajac stoji na raskru . On upravlja

prometom .

she
484 . She je lina zamjenica za 3 . lice , a upotrebljava se za enska bia . Npr . :
My mother works in an office .
She has no time to go shopping .

Moja majka radi u uredu . Ona nema vremena

da ide po trgovinama .

98.

it
485 . It se upotrebljava :
za stvari i ivotinje . Npr . :
I like your new tie , it is very smart .
Svia mi se tvoja nova kravata , vrlo je
elegantna .
The television set was on a little table . Televizor je stajao na stoliu . Bio je sasvim nov
.
It was quite new .
Look at my puppy . Isn't it pretty ?
Pogledaj moga psia . Zar nije draestan ?
486 . u nekim bezlinim izrazima . Npr . :
It sometimes rains in winter .
It is warmer in Italy than here .
It is very cold today . It is freezing .

U zimu katkad pada kia .

Toplije je u Italiji nego ovdje .
Danas je vrlo hladno .Smrzava se .

487 . u izrazima koji oznauju vrijeme ili udaljenost .Npr . :

It was five o'clock when we arrived .
It is too late to go for a walk now .
How far is it to the station ?
It is twenty miles to London .

Bilo je pet sati kad smo stigli .

Prekasno je da se sada ide na etnju .
Kako je daleko do stanice ?
Do Londona ima dvadeset milja .

we
488 . We se upotrebljava kad osoba koja govori ukljuuje jo neke druge osobe . Npr . :
I have discussed the matter with my
colleagues and we have decided not
to go .

Razgovarao sam o toj stvari sa svojim

kolegama , pa smo odluili da ne idemo .

they
489 . They se upotrebljava za 3 . lice mnoine i znai oni , one , ona . Npr . :
Here are my sons . They will help you .
Mary and Ann don't like tennis but
they are fond of other sports .

Evo mojih sinova . Oni e vam pomoi .

Mary i Ann ne vole tenis , aji ( one ) vole
druge sportove .

Pogledaj djecu . ini da su ( ona )

Look at the children . They seem to be

zadovoljna
happy in the garden .

u vrtu .

99.
Padei linih zamjenica
490 . Nominativ line zamjenice ( I , you , he , she , it , we , they ) najee je subjekt u
reenici . Npr . :
I must try to do it .
She left five minutes ago .
Unfortunately , we cannot
accept your offer .

Moram pokuati da to nainim .

Otila je prije pet minuta .
Na alost , ne moemo prihvatiti vau ponudu .

491 . Pade objekta ( Objective Case ) glase :

me - meni , mene , mi , me
you - tebi , tebe , ti , te
him - njemu , njega , mu , ga
her - njoj ,nju , joj , je
it - za stvari sva tri roda
it - za stvari sva tri roda
us - nama , nas
you - vama , vas
them - njima , njih im ,ih

Pade objekta se upotrebljava :

492 . kad je lina zamjenica pravi ili direktni objekt reenice . Npr . :
I met him yesterday .
Sreo sam ga juer .
He has taught them for five years . On ih pouava ve pet godina .
493 . kad je lina zamjenica nepravi ili indirektni objekt . Npr . :
He gave me a lot of work to do .
I showed him my stamps .

Dao mi je mnogo posla .

Pokazao sam mu svoje marke .

494 . kad lina zamjenica stoji iza prijedloga . Npr . :

We have been speaking about him .
Were are my spectacles ? Will you

Razgovarali smo o njemu .

Gdje su moje oale ? Hoe li ih

look for them ?

potraiti ?

100.
Poloaj linih zamjenica u reenici
495 . Nominativ line zamjenice stoji redovito na poetku reenice . Npr . :
We can't believe him .
They are late again .

Ne moemo mu vjerovati .
Oni su opet zakasnili .

496 . Ako je zamjenica direktni objekt , ona stoji iza glavnog glagola . Npr . :
I have seen him many times .
They sent her to school last year .

Vidio sam ga mnogo puta .

Prole su je godine poslali u kolu .

497 . Ako je lina zamjenica indirektni objekt , ona moe stajati ispred direktnog objekta ili
iza njega . Ako stoji iza direktnog objekta , dolazi uvijek s prijedlogom to . Npr . :

I gave him three books .

Dao sam mu tri knjige .

ali :
I gave three books to him .

Dao sam tri knjige njemu .

ili :
I 'll send her some flowers .

Poslat u joj cvijea .

ali :
I 'll send some flowers to her .

Poslat u cvijea njoj .

498 . U primjerima s prijedlogom to vidimo da je indirektni o objekat naglaen ili istaknut .

Takvo isticanje je osobito izraeno u primjeru :
She gave the sweets to them
and not to you .

POVRATNE ZAMJENICE
Reflexive Pronouns

Dala je slatkia njima , a ne tebi .

499 . Povratne su zamjenice rijei koje stoje uz prelazne glagole i oznauju da se radnja
vraa
na subjekt . Drugim rijeima , one oznauju da su subjekt i objekt isto lice . Tako npr . :
Ona pere rublje , radnja ( tj . pranje ) prelazi na rublje .
101.
500 . Oblik povratne zamjenice za sva lica glasi :
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself

ourselves
yourselves
themselves

501 . Kako vidimo , 1 . i 2 . lice jednine i mnoine povratne zamjenice tvore se od posvojnog
pridjeva my , your , our , your b) a 3 . lice od padea objekta line zamjenice ( him ,
her , it , them ) i rijei self za jedninu , a selves za mnoinu .
U engleskom jeziku povratna zamjenica ima poseban oblik za svako lice , dok je ona u
bosanskom jeziku za sva lica jednaka .

Povratna se zamjenica upotrebljava :

502 . kad su subjekt i objekt isto lice . Npr . :
He was not able to protekt himself
Nije se mogao zatititi od
fromthe cold .
hladnoe .
She helped herself to some more sugar . Posluila se sa jo malo eera .
Go and wash yourself , John !
Hajde se oprati , John !
503 . uz prijedloge . Npr . :
From my room I could hear speak
to herself .
In all his works he writes only
about himself .
He was standing in front of the mirror
looking at himself .

uo sam iz svoje sobe kako sama sa

sobom razgovara .
U svim svojim djelima pie samo o sebi .
Stajao je pred zrcalom gledajui se .

U engleskom jeziku postoji tendencija da se povratna zamjenica upotrebljava sve manje i

manje .
Jedan je od razloga tome vjerovatno i taj to su te rijei dugake i nespretne , dok je
povratna
zamjenica ubosanskom jeziku kratka rije koja se lako dodaje glagolu . Stoga se mnogi
glagoli koji se u bosanskom jeziku upotrebljavaju s povratnom zamjenicom mogu u
engleskom upotrebljavati i bez nje . Npr .

prati se - wash , brijati se - shave , oblaiti se - dress , itd

102.

Zamjenice za isticanje ( Emphatic Pronouns )

504 .

Zamjenice myself , yourself itd . upotrebljavaju se takoer ako elimo naglasiti

imenicu ili linu zamjenicu u reenici . Npr . :

The headmaster himself opened

the meeting .
She decided to answer the letter herself .

Sam je direktor otvorio sastanak .

Odluila je da sama odgovori na pismo .

ODNOSNE ZAMJENICE
Relatives
505 . Odnosne zamjenice upotrebljavaju se u odnosnim reenicama . Npr . : Ovo je uenik
koji
je najbolje izradio svoju zadau .
Odnosne reenice sastoje se od dviju reenica , od kojih jedna ( obino druga ) poinje
odnosnom zamjenicom i poblie oznauje neku rije , najee imenicu , iz prve reenice .
Tako u navedenom primjeru reenica " koji je najbolje izradio svoju zadau " poblie
oznauje
imenicu " uenik "
Odnosne su zamjenice u engleskom jeziku ove :
who , whom , whose , which , that i what .

who
506 . Oblici zamjenice who jesu :
nominativ :
genitiv :
pade objekta :

who -tko
whose - iji
whom - koga

507 . Who i whom upotrebljavaju se samo onda kad imenica u prvoj reenici oznauje neku
osobu . Npr . :
The girls who live in his house
are his nieces .
The boy who was talking to me

Djevojke koje stanuju u njegovoj kui

njegove su neakinje .
Djeak koji je sa mnom razgovarao o

about the concert is a student of music . koncertu jest student muzike .

The tall man whom we met in the
Visoki ovjek kojeg smo sreli na ulici
street is my headmaster .
jest moj direktor .
The young lady whom you can see
Mlada gospoica koju vidite meu
among the students is a well-known
studentima poznata je pjevaica .
singer .
103.
508 . Whom je u ovim primjerima gramatiki ispravan oblik , ali se u govornom engleskom
jeziku taj oblik sve rjee upotrebljava te se zamjenjuje oblikom who ili that . esto se
relativna
zamjenica moe i izostaviti . Tako navedeni primjeri mogu glasiti i ovako :
The tall man who we met in the street ...
The tall man that we met in the street ...
The tall man we met in the street ...
The young lady who you can see ...
The young lady that you can see ...
509 . Whom se zamjenjuje sa who i onda kad dolazi sa prijedlogom . U takvim sluajevima
prijedlog se stavlja na kraj reenice . Umjesto who moe se upotrijebiti i that , ili se
zamjenica
izostavi . Npr . :

The girl to whom I wrote the letter

is a friend of mine .

Djevojka kojoj sam pisao pismo jest

moja prijateljica .

moe glasiti i ovako :

The girl who I wrote the letter to ...
The girl that I wrote the letter to ...
The girl I wrote the letter to ...
ili :
This is the man about whom I spoke .

To je ovjek o kojem sam govorio .

This is the man who I spoke about .

This is the man that I spoke about .
This is the man I spoke about .

whose
510 . Whose se obino upotrebljava za osobe , rjee za stvari . Npr . :
The doctor whose picture you saw in
the Medical journal is a friend of mine .

Lijenik iju si sliku vidio u Lijenikom

vjesniku moj je prijatelj .

The boy whose bicycle was stolen

Djeak kojemu su ukrali bicikl
went to the police .
otiao je na miliciju .
The people whose houses were damaged
Ljudi kojima je poplava otetila kue
by the flood had to move to another village . morali su se preseliti u drugo selo .
A river whose banks are steep is not
Rijeka kojoj su obale strme nije
convenient for bathing .
pogodna za kupanje .

104.

Which
511 . Which se upotrebljava kao odnosna zamjenica kad imenica u prvoj reenici oznauje
neku stvar ili ivotinju . Npr . :
The grammar which you are studying
Gramatika to je sada uite mnogo
now will help you a lot .
e vam pomoi .
The courage which he showed
Hrabrost to ju je pokazao bila
was amazing .
je izvanredna .
The picture which is hanging in his drawing Slika to visi u njegovu salonu
room is very valuable .
vrlo je vrijedna .
512 . U svim se ovim primjerima moe which zamijeniti sa that , a kad te zamjenice nisu
subjekt reenice , mogu se i izostaviti . Prema tome bi navedeni primjeri mogli glasiti i ovako
:
The grammar that you are stuying ...
The grammar you are stuying ...
The courage that he showed ...
The courage he showed ...

U primjeru :
The picture which is hanging in his drawing room ...
moemo which zamijeniti sa that , ali ga ne moemo izostaviti jer je u nominativu .
Ispred which moe stajati i prijedlog . Npr . :
The film about which I told you
is very amusing .

Film o kojem sam ti govorio

vrlo je zabavan .

Ako u takvom sluaju umjesto which upotrebimo that , prijedlog mora doi na kraj .
Prema tome ovaj e primjer glasiti :

The film that I told you about ...

ali se that moe i izostaviti :
The film I told you about ...
105.

that
That se upotrebljava :
513 . iza superlativa . Npr . :
Shakespeare was the greatest dramatist
that ever liwed
This is the most interesting book that
I have ever read .

Shakespeare je bio najvei dramatiar

koji je ikada ivio .
To je najzanimljivija knjiga to sam
je ikada itao .

514 . iza all , everything , nothing , much i little . Npr . :

You are welcome to all that is on
Izvolite se posluiti svime to je na
the table .
stolu .
He offered his frijend everything that
Ponudio je svome prijatelju sve to
he had in his house .
je imao u svojoj kui .
In the museum they saw nothing that
U muzeju nisu vidjeli nita to ve
they had not seen before .
prije nisu vidjeli .
There was nobody that wanted to help her . Nije bilo nikoga tko joj je htio pomoi .
Much that people read is nonsense .
Mnogo toga to ljudi itaju jest glupost .
515 . kad izveeg broja osoba , ivotinja ili stvari izdvajamo jednu ili vie njih . Npr . :
The boy that opened the door for me is
my friend's son .
The coat that I bought last year is still
very good .
This is the dog that bit my little son .

Djeak koji mi je otvorio vrata sin je

moga prijatelja .
Kaput to sam ga kupio prole godine
jo je vrlo dobar .
To je pas to je ugrizao moga sinia .

516 . That se ne moe nikada upotrijebiti ako postoji samo jedno takvo bie ili stvar . U
takvom se sluaju za osobe upotrebljava who , a za stvari i ivotinje which . Npr . :
My father , who is a worker , works
in a coal - mine .
St . Paul's Cathedral , which is one
of the finest buildings in London was
built by Sir Christopher Wren .

Moj otac , koji je radnik , radi

u ugljenokopu .
Katedralu sv . Pavla , koja je jedna od
najljepih zgrada u Londonu , sagradio
je Sir Chrisopher Wren .

U ova je dva primjera odnosna reenica uklopljena u glavnu reenicu .Ona nije bitna za
sadraj
cijele reenice , ve samo daje samo jednu dodatnu informaciju o imenici u glavnoj reenici
I bez te uklopljene reenice smisao glavne reenice bio bi potpun , pa bi gornje reenice
mogle glasiti :

My father works in a coal - mine .

St . Paul's Cathedral was built by Sir Christhopher Wren .
Uklopljene odnosne reenice odvajaju se zarezom od ostalog dijela reenice jednako kao
uklopljene odnosne reenice u bosanskom jeziku .
106.
517 . What znai ono to i upotrebljava se kao odnosna zamjenica samo onda kad u glavnoj
reenici nema imenice na koju se zamjenica odnosi . Npr . ;
He refused to do what he was
Nije htio nainiti ono to su mu rekli
told to .
da naini .
She told me what I did not want
Rekla mi je ono to ja nisam elio
to hear .
uti .
He did not want to believe what
Nije htio vjerovati to su mu ljudi
people told him about his son's behaviour . govorili o vladanju njegova sina .

PRILOZI
Adverbs
518 . Prilozi su rijei koje poblie oznauju glagole , pridjeve ilipriloge . Npr . :
He writes neatly .
The film is rather good .
He speaks quite well .

On pie uredno .
Film je prilino dobar .
Ongovori sasvim dobro .

519 . Najobinije vrste priloga jesu :

prilozi naina ( adverbs of manner ) . Npr. :
badly - loe , slowly - sporo , bradvely - hrabro , well - dobro itd . ;
prilozi mjesta ( adverbs of place ) . Npr . :
here - ovdje , everywhere - posvuda , down - dolje itd . ;
prilozi odreenog vremena ( adverbs of definite time ) . Npr . :
today - danas , now - sada , yesterday - juer itd . ;
prilozi neodreenog vremena ( adverbs of indefinite time ) . Npr . :
sometimes - katkada , always - uvijek , often - esto itd .;

prilozi stupnja ( adverbs of degree ) . Npr . :

very - vrlo , too - previe , enough - dovoljno , quite - sasvim itd .

107..
520 . Prilozi naina obino se tvore tako da se pridjevu doda nastavak - ly . Npr . :
pridjev
quick
quiet
stupid
useful

prilog
quick - ly
quiet - ly
stupid - ly
useful - ly

- brzo
- mirno
- glupo
- korisno

521 . Ako pridjev svrava na - y , taj se y ispred nastavka - ly mijenja u i . Npr . :

happy
pretty
gay
easy

happily - sretno
prettily - draesno
gaily - veselo
easily - lako

522 . Pridjevi koji zavravaju na - ly nemaju odgovarajueg priloga . Kod takvih pridjeva
umjesto priloga upotrebljava se priloka fraza . Npr . :
friendly - prijazan
manly - muevan

in a friendly way - prijazno

in a manly way - muevno

523 . Pridjevu good odgovara prilog well . Npr . :

He is a good driver . He drives well .

On je dobar voza . On vozi dobro .

524 . Neke rijei imaju isti oblik za pridjev i za prilog . To su :

fast - brz , brzo , early - ran , rano , late - kasan , kasno , hard - teak , teko . far - dalek
, daleko itd . Npr . :
Yours is a fast car .
It runs fast .
I don't like early trains .
I don't like getting up early .
Mining is hard work .
Miners work hard .
They know very little about
the far past of their town .
His house is far from the shops .

Va auto je brz .
On vozi brzo .
Ne volim rane vlakove .
Ne volim ustajati rano .
Kopanje u rudniku je teak posao .
Rudari teko rade .
Oni znaju vrlo malo o dalekoj prolosti
svoga grada .
Kua mu je daleko od trgovina .

525 . Neki prilozi imaju dva oblika : jedan koji je jednak pridjevu i drugi s nastavkom

-ly . U takvom sluaju oblik na -ly ima drukije znaenje . Npr . :

She has worked hard all her life .
I am so busy that I can hardly find
time to write my private letters .
Last night I went to bed very late .

Cijeloga je svoga ivota teko radila .

Tako sam zaposlen da jedva mogu nai
vremena za svoja privatna pisma .
Sino sam iao vrlo kasno spavati .

108.

Lately some serious traffic accidents

U posljednje vrijeme dogodilo se nekoliko
have happened .
ozbiljnih prometnih nesrea .
He lives so near that we can easly
On stanuje tako blizu da moemo lako
walk it .
otii onamo pjeice .
I have nearly forgotten where it is .
Gotovo sam zaboravio gdje je to .
Their cottage is high up inthe mountain , Njihova je kuica visoko u planini ,
but I was highly pleased when they
ali mi je bilo drago kad su me pozvali
invited me to visit them .
da ih posjetim .

KOMPARACIJA PRILOGA
Comparison of Adverbs
Za komparaciju priloga vrijede ista pravila kao i za komparaciju pridjeva .
526 . Jednosloni prilozi i prilog early tvore komparativ s nastavkom - er , superlativ s
nastavkom - est . Npr . :
fast - brzo
hard - teko
near - blizu
early - rano

fast - er
hard - er
near - er
earli - er

fast -est
hard - est
near - est
earli - est .

527 . Budui da su svi prilozi s nastavkom - ly dvosloni ili viesloni ,oni tvore komparativ
s more , a superlativ s most . Npr . :
slowly - sporo
bravely - hrabro
politely - uljudno

more slowly
more bravely
more politely

most slowly
most bravely
most politely

Za razliku od superlativa pridjeva , pred superlativom priloga nikada ne stoji odreeni lan .

Nepravilna komparacija priloga

528 . Neki prilozi imaju nepravilnu komparaciju . To su :

well - dobro
badly - loe
little - malo
much - mnogo
far - daleko

better
worse
less
more
farther
further

best
worst
least
most
farthest
furthest

109..

POLOAJ PRILOGA U REENICI

Position of Adverbs
529 . Prilozi obino stoje na kraju reenice . Ako u jednoj reenici ima vie vrsta priloga ,
oni
stoje ovim redom : prilog naina , mjesta , vremena . Npr . :
I didn't fell well at school yesterday .
She played her part excellently in the
new theatre last night .

Juer se nisam u koli dobro osjeao .

Ona je sino odlino odigrala svoju
ulogu u novom kazalitu .

Da bi se izbjeglo gomilanje priloga na kraju reenice , moe se prilog vremena staviti i na

poetak . Onda e ove reenice glasiti :
Yesterday I didn't feel well at school .
Last night she played her part excellently in the new theatre .
530 . Prilozi naina ( Adverbs of Manner )
Prilozi naina odgovaraju na pitanje kako ? i obino stoje uz objekt ili , ako nema objekta ,
neposredno iza glagola . Npr . :
She answered my letter quicly .
He delivered the message promptly .
He spoke slowly .
She sang beautifully .

Brzo je odgovorila na moje pisma .

On je spremno predao poruku .
Govorio je sporo .
Pjevala je lijepo .

Napomena :
Prilog se nikada ne smije staviti izmeu glagola i objekta . Ne valja rei :
She answered quicly my letter , nego , : She answered my letter quicly .
531 . Prilozi mjesta ( Adverbs of Place )

Prilozi mjesta odgovaraju na pitanje gdje ? kamo ? kuda ? itd .

Njihov je poloaj isti kao i poloaj priloga naina . Npr . :
Did you writte your homework here ?
You won't find such grapes anywhere .
We went home but she wasn't in .

Jesi li ovdje napisao svoju domau zadau .

Nigdje neete nai takvog groa .
Poli smo kui , ali nje nije bilo kod kue .

110.

Prilozi vremena ( Adverbs of Time )

Prilozi vremena odgovaraju na pitanje kada ? itd . Njima se moe oznaiti odreeno ili
neodreeno vrijeme .
532 . Prilozi odreenog vremena ( Adverbs of Definitive Time ) ( today - danas , now - sada ,
yesterday - juer , tomorrow - sutra itd . ) obino stoje na kraju reenice , a mogu stajati
i na poetku . Npr . :
Let's go to the cinema tonight .
Poimo veeras u kino .
He won't be at home tomorrow .
Sutra ga nee biti kod kue .
Today the shops are closed .
Danas su trgovine zatvorene .
Now it is too late to change anything . Sada je prekkasno da se bilo to izmijeni .
533 . Prilozi neodreenog vremena ( Adverbs of Indefinite Time )
( often - esto , seldom - rijetko , sometimes - katkada , never - nikada itd ) stoje uvijek
ispred glavnog glagola . Prema tome , ako je sloeno vrijeme , prilozi neodreenog
vremena
stoje iza pomonog glagola . Npr . :
They often go to the country to see
their parents .
I sometimes listen to the news
from London .
She never speaks about herself .
I have always been a bad swimmer .

Oni esto odlaze na selo da posjete

svoje roditelje .
Katkada sluam vijesti iz Londona .
Ona nikada ne govori o sebi .
Uvijek sam bio slab pliva .

534 . Prilozi neodreenog vremena stoje uvijek iza prezenta ili preterita glagola to be . Npr .
Our trams are always crowded .
I often came to see him but he was
never at home .

Nai su tramvaji uvijek puni .

Doao sam esto da ga posjetim , ali ga
nikada nije bilo kod kue .

535 . Prilog ago stoji uvijek iza imenice koja oznauje vrijeme . Npr . :
They moved to their new flat
three months ago .
She bought a new villa a year ago .

Preselili su se u novi stan

prije tri mjeseca .
Kupila je novu vilu prije godinu dana .

111.

Prilozi stupnja ( Adverbs of Degree )

536 . Prilozi stupnja ( too - previe , quite - sasvim , rather - prilino , enough - dosta itd )
poblie oznauju pridjeve ili priloge , a rijetko glagole . Osim priloga enough , oni uvijek
stoje ispred pridjeva ili priloga to ga oznauju . Npr . :
It is too cold to go swimming .
The story is quite interesting .
This coffee is rather bitter .

Prehladno je da se poe na kupanje .

Pria je prilino zanimljiva .
Ova je kahva prilino gorka .

enough
537 . Enough seupotrebljava kao pridjev i kao prilog . Kao prilog stoji iza pridjeva ili
priloga
to ga poblie oznauje . Npr . :
He is not strong enough for this job .
He knows the town well enough
to find his way .

On nije dovoljno jak za taj posao .

On poznaje grad dosta dobro da se
u njemu snae .

538 . Enough kao pridjev stoji ispred imenice . Npr . :

She never puts enough sugar in my tea . Ona nikada ne stavi dovoljno eera u moj aj
.
I have not enough time to read fiction .
Nemam dovoljno vremena da itam
beletristiku .

112.
BROJEVI
Numerals
539 . Glavni brojevi kazuju koliko je ega , a redni koji je po redu .
Glavni brojevi
Cardinal Numbers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
101

one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
twenty - one
twenty - two
twenty - three
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
a hundred
a hundred and one

Redni brojevi
Ordinal Numbers
the first
the second
the third
the fourth
the fifth
the sixth
the seventh
the eighth
the ninth
the tenth
the eleventh
the twelfth
the thirteenth
the fourteenth
the fifteenth
the sixteenth
the seventeenth
the eighteenth
the nineteenth
the twentieth
the twenty - first
the twenty - second
the twenty - third
the thirtieth
the fortieth
the fiftieth
the sixtieth
the seventieth
the eightieth
the ninetieth
the hundredth
the hundred and first

200
two hundred
the two hundredth
221
two hundred and twenty - one the two hundred and twenty - first
250
two hundred and fifty
the two hundred and fiftieth
1000
a thousand
the thousandth
1003
a thousand and three
the thousand and third
1000000 a million
the millionth

113.
540 . Prva tri redna broja tvore se nepravilno . Ostali se redni brojevi tvore tako da se
glavnom
broju doda nastavak -th . U pismu se redni brojevi skrauju tako da se uz brojku stave
posljednja
dva slova . Npr . : first - 1st , second - 2nd , third - 3rd , fourth - 4th itd .
541 . Napomene uz pisanje nekih brojeva
Five i twelve u rednom broju mijenjaju ve u f i dobivaju nastavak th ( fifth , twelfth ) .
Nine u rednom broju gubi krajnje -e ( nine - the ninth ) .
Eight u rednom broju dobiva samo nastavak - h ( eight - h ) .
Twenty , thirty i svi ostali brojevi na -y mijenjaju to y ispred nastavka -th u ie ( twentieth
,
thirtieth itd )
Four , fourteen ali forty .
542 . Pri itanju sloenih brojeva stavlja se ispred desetice , pred jedinice , and . Npr . :
212 - two hundred and twelve
366 - three hundred and sixty - six
3418 - thre thousand four hundred and eighteen
1000002 - one million and two
543 . Kad ispred rijei hundred , thousand , million stoji odreeni broj , onda one ne
dobivaju
u mnoini nastavak -s . Npr . :
four hundred dollars - 400 dolara
five thousand and twenty students - 5020 studenata
three million inhabitans - 3000000 stanovnika .
544 . Ako ispred tih rijei ne stoji odreeni broj , one u mnoini dobivaju nastavak -s . Npr. :
hundreds of years - stotine godina
thousands of people - tisue ljudi
millons of pounds - milijuni funti .
U tom sluaju iza tih brojeva dolazi prijedlog of .

545 . Kad brojevi oznauju godine , upotrebljava se hundred umjesto thousand . Npr . :
1786 . - seventeen hundred and eighty six
1947 . - nineteen hundred and forty - seven
ili samo : seventeen eighty - six
nineteen forty - seven itd .
114.

546 . Uz godine se upotrebljava prijedlog in , uz dane on . Npr . :

in eighteen forty - eight - tisuu osamsto etrdeset osme
on June 15th - 15. lipnja .
547 . Umnoeni su brojevi :
once - jedanput
twice - dvaput
three times - triput ( ili thrice , ali samo u pjesnitvu )
four times - etiri puta itd .
548 . Razlomci imaju u nazivniku redni broj :
4 / 5 - four fifths
6 / 7 - six sevenths
8 / 10 - eight tenths
Razlika je jedino kod 1 / 2 - one half , i 1 / 4 - one quarter ili a quarter , 3 / 4 - three quarters
549 . Ispredrednog broja stoji odreeni lan . Npr . :
the first lesson - prva lekcija
the second year - druga godina
the hundredth car - stoti auto
550 . Uz imena kraljeva piu se rimski brojevi . Npr . :
Henry VI I I ( itaj : Henry the Eight )
Elisabeth I ( itaj : Elisabeth the First )
551 .
Dani u tjednu ( hevti )
Sunday - nedjelja
Monday - ponedeljak
Tuesday - utorak
Wednesday - srijeda
Thursday - etvrtak

Mjeseci u godini
January
February
March
April
May

July
August
September
Oktober
November

Friday - petak
Saturday - subota

June

December

115.
552 . Datume izraavamo rednim brojevima . Kad itamo ili govorimo , kaemo :
October the second ili the second of October , a to se moe pisati na razne naine :
October 2 , October 2nd , 2nd October , 2nd of October .
553 . Vrijeme se kazuje ovim izrazima :

What is the time ? What time is it ? - Koliko je sati ?

It is eight o'clock . Osam je sati .
It is five ( minutes ) past eleven . Sada je jedanaest sati i pet minuta .
It is a quarter past twelve . Sada je dvanaest i etvrt .
Half past nine . Devet i po .
Twenty - five minutes to ten . Dvadeset i pet minuta do deset .
A quarter to three . etvrt do tri .

Napomena :
Izraz past upotrebljava se sve do polovice sata ( ukljuivi i polovicu ) , a od polovice dalje
do punog sata upotrebljava se prijedlog to s iduim satom .
554 . Uz satove stoji prijedlog at . Npr . :

At seven o'clock . - U sedam sati .

At half past three . - Utri i po .
At a quarter to eleven . - Uetvrt do jedanaest .
555 . Uz dijelove dana stoji prijedlog in . Npr . :

In the morning . - Ujutro .

In the afternoon . - Popodne .
In the evening . - Uvee .
Nou se kae at night , a danju by day .

556 . Vrijeme dolaska ili odlaska vlakova kazuje se ovako :

The next passenger train arrives at 4 55 ( at four fifty - five ) .
Idui putniki vlak dolazi u 4 55 .
It leaves at 6 20 . - Odlazi u 6 20 ( at six twenty )

116.
Napomena :
Da bi se oznailo da li je , recimo , 5 sati ujutro ili popodne , upotrebljavaju se latinske
kratice
a . m . ( ante meridiem - prije podne ) i p . m . ( post meridiem - poslije podne ) .
557 . Dob se izraava ovim izrazima :

How old is he ? - Koliko mu je godina ?

What is her age ? - Koje je ona dobi ?
John is fifteen . - Johnu je petnaest godina .
Mary is twenty years old . -Mariji je dvadeset godina .
A man of forty . -Mukarac od etrdeset godina .

PRIJEDLOZI
Prepositions
Najobiniji su prijedlozi :

on
558 . Prijedlogom on oznaujemo mjesto i vrijeme . Npr . :
on the table - na stolu , on top - na vrhu itd
on Monday - u ponedeljak , on my birthday - na moj roendan

at

559 . Prijedlog at dolazi u prilokim oznakama mjesta i vremena . Npr . :

at the theatre - u kazalitu , at the table - za stolom , at the Faculty - na fakultetu ,
at the station - na stanici , at the seaside - na moru ;
at seven o'clock - u sedam sati , at a quarter past eight - u osam i etvrt ,
at midnight - u pono , at noon - u podne , at night - nou
117.

in
560 . Prijedlog in upotrebljava se za mjesto i za vrijeme . Npr . :
in the room - u sobi , in the hall - u halu , in England - u Engleskoj , in the hospital u bolnici ; in August - u kolovozu , in autumn - u jesen , in 1994 , inthe I th century
u devetnaestom stoljeu itd .

to
561 . To oznauje kretanje prema nekom cilju . Npr . :
He goes to the river every morning .
She is going to market .

On svakog jutra ide na rijeku .

Ona ide na trg .

Napomena :
562 . Uz glagol arrive - stii nikada se ne upotrebljava prijedlog to , nego in ili at Npr . :
He arrived in London last night .
The President arrived in Holland
yesterday .
They arrive at Victoria Station at 7 30 p.m.
.

Stigao je u London sino .

Predsjednik je juer stigao u
Holandiju .
Oni stiu na Viktorija kolodvor u 7 30 uvee

into
563 . Into oznauje smjer kretanja . Npr . :
He jumped into the water . - Skoio je u vodu .
He ran into the room . - Utrao je u sobu

from

564 From izraava kretanje od nekog mjesta . Npr .:

Doli su iz Dubrovnika avionom .
Ona je iz panjolske .

They came from Dubrovnik by plane .

She comes from Spain .
118.

by
565 . By se katkada upotrebljava za mjesto . Npr . . :
by the window - uz prozor , by the fireplace - uz kamin itd .
By se redovito upotrebljava uz razna prevozna sredstva . Npr . :
by train - vlakom , by plane - avionom , by boat - laom , by steamer - parobrodom ,
by car - autom , ali : on foot - pjeice , on horseback - na konju , on bicycle - na biciklu
.

till
566 . Till je prijedlog koji slui samo za vrijeme , nikada za mjesto . Npr . :
from seven till eight - od sedam do osam sati ;
he will be here till next Tuesday - bit e ovdje do idueg utorka

since
567 . Since se upotrebljava samo za vrijeme , a znai od neke take u prolosti pa do sada :
I have lived in Zagreb since 1924 .
I have been ill since March .

Stanujem u Zagrebu ve od 1924 .

Ve od oujka sam bolestan .

for
568 . For ( osim svoga obinog znaenja za , npr . : He works for me - On radi za mene )
oznauje trajanje u nekom vremenskom razdoblju . Npr . :
He has taught in this school
for five years .
He studied in Paris for three years
before the war .

On ve pet godina pouava u

ovoj koli .
On je prije rata tri godine
studirao u Parizu .

Iz ovih prijevoda vidimo da se for ne prevodi na bosanski jezik .

119.
during
569 . takoer oznauje trajanje u nekom vremenskom razdoblju . Npr . :
Nobody looked after his office
during his absence .
During our last year's holiday
we had a lot of rain .

Za vrijeme njegove odsutnosti nitko

nije vodio brigu o njegovu uredu .
Za vrijeme prologodinjih praznika imali
smo mnogo kie .

after
570 . After se najee upotrebljava za vrijeme . Npr . :
After lunch I am going to the river .
He will be here after seven o'clock .

Poslije ruka idem na rijeku .

Bit e ovdje poslije sedsm sati .

before
571 . Before se redovito upotrebljava za vrijeme , vrlo rijetko za prostor . Npr . :
I can't meet you before 7 o'clock .
I saw him standing before her with a
bunch of flowers .

Ne mogu se s vama sastati prije sedam sati .

Vidio sam ga kako stoji pred njom
s buketom cvijea .

behind
572 . Behind se upotrebljava samo prostorno . Npr . :
Behind the house there is a garage .
My seat is just behind yours .

Iza kue je garaa .

Moje je sjedalo ba iza tvoga .

in front of
573 . In front of upotrebljava se samo za prostor . Npr . :
There is a fountain in front of the
theatre .

Ispred kazalita nalazi se zdenac .

I am always shy when I have to

speak in front of so many people .

Uvijek se plaim kad moram govoriti

pred tolikim ljudima .

120.
between
574 . Between znai izmeu dva . Npr . :
Between the railway station and
my house there is a playground .
The picture is between the door
and the fireplace .

Izmeu eljeznike stanice i moje

kue nalazi se igralite .
Slika je izmeu vrata i kamina .

575 . Among znai izmeu vie predmeta ili osoba . Npr . :

There is a little house among
the trees .
She seems to be quite happy
among her girl friends .

Meu drveem nalazi se jedna kuica .

ini se da je prilino sretna meu
svojim prijateljicama .

Napomena :
576 . Iza prijedloga se ne moe upotrijebiti infinitiv , ve se umjesto njega upotrebljava
gerund :
After sitting down he began to eat . Poto je sjeo , poeo je jesti .
Before going to bed I shall read
Prije nego to poem spavati ,
the newspaper .
proitat u novine .
We spoke about writing to her .
Govorili smo o tome da joj napiemo pismo .

RED RIJEI U REENICI

Word Order
577 . Budui da imenice u engleskom jeziku nemaju nastavka za pojedine padee ( osim za
genitiv ) , njihovo se znaenje esto odreuje mjestom na kojem stoje u reenici , Stoga je red
rijei u reenici u engleskom jeziku veoma strogo odreen .
578 . Stalan red rijei u reenici jest :

subjekat

predikat

objekt

The teacher

explained

this lesson .

Nastavnik

je objasnio

ovu vjebu .

121.
579 . U bosanskom jeziku mogli bi smo u ovoj reenici i promjeniti red rijei , a da se
smisao
reenice ne bi izmijenio . Tako bismo mogli rei :
Ovu vjebu objasnio je nastavnik .
jer se iz oblika imenice vidi to je subjekt , a to objekt . Takav je poredak u engleskom
nemogu
jer nema razlike u obliku za nominativ i akuzativ .
580 . Ako tu reenicu proirimo adverbalnim oznakama ( naina , mjesta ili vremena ) , one
e
obino stajati na kraju reenice . Npr . :
subjekt
The teacher
Nastavnik
The teacher
Nastavnik
The teacher
Nastavnik

predikat
explained
je objasnio
explained
je objasnio
explained
je objasnio

objekt
this lesson
ovu vjebu
this lesson
ovu vjebu
this lesson
ovu vjebu

adverbalna oznaka
in our class .
u razredu .
clearly.
razumljivo .
yesterday .
juer .

581 . Ako reenicu proirimo s dvije ili vie adverbalnih oznaka , onda one stoje ovim redom
:
nain
(clearly )

mjesto
( in the class )

vrijeme
( yesterday )

Npr . :
The teacher explained this lesson clearly in our class yesterday .
582 . Meutim da bi se izbjeglo gomilanje adverbalnih oznaka na kraju reenice , moe se
prilog odreenog vremena staviti i na poetak reenice . Npr . :
Yesterday the teacher explained this lesson clearly in our class .
583 . Prilozi neodreenog vremena ( often- esto , seldom - rijetko , sometimes - katkada ,

always - uvijek , never - nikada itd . ) stoje uvijek ispred glavnog glagola . Npr . :
They often go to the cinema .
I have never spoken to him .

Oni idu esto u kino .

Nisam nikada s njim razgovarao .

122.
584 . Treba , meutim , upamtiti da prilozi neodreenog vremena stoje uvijek iza prezenta i
preterita glagola to be . Npr . :
I am sometimes late .
He was never a good swimmer .

Ja katkada zakasnim .
On nije nikada bio dobar pliva .

Za poloaj priloga ago , too , quite , rather i enough vidi take 535 , 536 , 537 . i 538 .

585 . Neki glagoli , npr . give - dati , send - poslati , bring -donijeti itd . trae dva objekta , tj .
pravi objekt u akuzativu , koji oznauje stvar , i nepravi objekt u dativu , koji oznauje osobu
:

subjekt

predikat

objekt u dativu

objekt u akuzativu

Mr . Brown
G . Brown

sent
je poslao

his wife
svojoj eni

a present .
poklon .

subjekt

predikat

objekt u akuzativu

objekt u dativu

Mr . Brown
G . Brown

sent
je poslao

a present
poklon

to his wife .
svojoj eni .

Kad objekt u dativu stoji iza objekta u akuzativu , onda je pred njim uvijek prijedlog to .

123.

OBRNUTI RED RIJEI ( INVERZIJA )

586 . Obrnuti se red rijei sastoji u tome da se predikat stavi pred subjekt . Takav se red
rijei
redovito upotrebljava u upitnim reenicama . Npr . :

predikat

Subjekt

Can
Moe li mi pomoi ?

You

help me ?

Are
Jesi li sam ?

You

alone ?

Does
Voli li ona ples ?

She

like dancing ?

Have
Ima li slobodnog vremena ?

You

any spare time ?

587 . Inverzija se upotrebljava i u pitanjima koja poinju upitnim rijeima , kao to su :

where - gdje , when - kada , why - zato , how - kako itd . Npr . :
Where does she live ?
When will you come ?
Why don't you answer ?
How do you do it ?

Gdje ona stanuje ?

Kada e doi ?
Zato ne odgovori ?
Kako vi to radite ?

588 . U neupravnim pitanjima nema inverzije . Prema tome e ova pitanja u neupravnom
obliku
glasiti ovako :
He asked me where she lived .
Upitao me gdje ona stanuje .
He asked me when I would come .
Upitao me kad u doi .
He asked me why I did not answer . Upitao me zato ne odgovorim .

He asked me how I did it .

Upitao me kako ja to radim .

589 . Inverzija se takoer upotrebljava iza so i neither .

Potvrdnim reenicama dodajemo so , iza kojeg slijedi pomoni glagol , a zatim subjekt ,
a negativnim reenicama dodajemo neither , iza kojega slijedi pomoni glagol , a zatim
subjekt.
124.

590 . So i neither upotrebljavaju se da bi se izbjeglo ponavljanje jednog dijela prethodne

reenice . NPR . :

He is an excellent mechanic , and

so is his brother .

On je odlian mehaniar , a
takav mu je i brat .

Znai : He is an excellent mechanic , and his brother is an excellent mechanic too .

ili :
She doesn't like dancing , neither
does her sister .

Ona ne voli ples , a ni njena sestra .

Znai : She does'nt like dancing , and her sister does'nt like dancing either .
Vidimo da iza takvog so i neither dolazi inverzija , tj . glagol stoji ispred subjekta .
591 . Inverzija se upotrebljava i u kratkim dodatnim pitanjima kojima govornik trai
potvrdu za ono to je rekao . Npr . :
a ) This is a good film , isn't it ?
b ) John can do it , can't he ?
c ) You were not at the match
yesterday , were you ?
d ) Mary won't come tomorrow ,
will she ?

To je dobar film , zar ne ?

John to moe uiniti , zar ne ?
John to moe uiniti , zar ne ?
Mary nee doi sutra , zar ne ?

Iz ovih primjera moemo vidjeti :

592 . - ako je prethodna reenica potvrdna , dodatno je pitanje negativno , ako je prethodna
reenica negativna , dodatno je pitanje potvrdno ;
593 - u dodatnom pitanju ponavlja se isti pomoni glagol koji je u prethodnoj reenici , a iza
njega dolazi zamjenica ( nikada imenica ) . ( Vidi primjere b ) i d ) ! )
594 . Ako je u prethodnoj reenici glagol punog znaenja , u dodatnom ga pitanju
zamjenjuje
glagol do . Npr . :

You understad what I say ,

don't you ?
He didn't arrive yesterday , did he ?

Ti razumije to ja kaem ,
zar ne ?
On nije stigao juer , zar ne ?

125.
595 . Glagol u dodatnom pitanju dolazi uvijek u onom vremenu u kojem se nalazi glagol
prethodne reenice . Npr . :
She speaks English , doesn't she ?
Ona govori engleski , zar ne ?
Robert broke the window , didn't he ? Robert je razbio prozor , zar ne ?
596 . Ako je u prethodnoj reenici sloeno glagolsko vrijeme ( futur , perfekt itd . ) ponavlja
se
u dodatnom pitanju samo pomoni glagol , a iza njega se stavlja zamjenica . Npr . :
They will write to you , won't they ?
Oni e ti pisati , zar ne ?
You haven't seen him lately , have you ? U posljednje ga vrijeme nisi vidio , zar ne ?

DODATAK
GLAGOLSKI OBLICI
Glagol to bebiti

Prezent

potvrdno
I am
----- Im
you are ----- you re
he is
----- hes
she is
----- shes
it is
----- its
we are ----- were
you are ----- youre
they are ----- theyre

odrino
I am not ---- Im not
you are not ----youarent
he is not ---- he isnt
she is not ---- she isnt
it is not
---- it isnt
we are not ---- we arent
you are not ---- you arent
they are not---- they arent

126.
upitno-odrino

upitno

am I not ? ---- arent I ?

are you not? ---- arentyou

am I ?
are you ?
?
is he ?
is she ?
is it ?
are we ?

is he not?
is she not?
is it not ?
are we not?

---- isnt he ?
---- isnt she ?
---- isnt it ?
---- arent we

?
are you ?
you?
are they ?
arenmtthey?

are you not?

are

---- arent

they

not?--

Preterit
potvrdno
I was
you were
he was
she was
it was
we were
you were
they were

upitno
was I ?
were you ?
was he ?
was she ?
was it ?
werer we ?
were they ?

odrino
I was not
- I was not
you were not - youwernt
he was not - he wasnt
she was not - he wasnt
it was not
- it wasnt
we were not - we wernt
you were not -you werent
they were not - thewerent

odrno -upitno
was I not?
- wasnt I ?
were you not - werent you ?
was he not ? - wasnt he ?
was she not ? - wasnt she?
was it not ? - wasnt it ?
were we not ? - werent we?
were they not ? -werent they?

126.
Perfekt
potvrdno

upitno

I have been
you have been
he has been itd.

- have I been ?
- have you been ?
- Has he been ? itd

odrino
I have not been
you have not been
he has not been

- I havent been
- you havent been
- he hasnt been

odrino-upitno
have I not been ?

- havent I been ?

have you not been ?

- havent you been ?

have he not been ?

- havent he been ?

Plusvamperfek t
potvrdno

odrino

I had been

I had not been

you had been

you had not been

he had been

he had not been itd.

upitno

odrino-upitno

had I been ?

had I not been ?

had you been?

had you not been?

had he been ?

had he not been ?

128.
Futur
potvrdno

odrino

I shall be

I shall not be

you will be

you will not be

he will be itd.

he will not be itd.

upitno

odrino-upitno

shall I be ?

shall I not be ?

shall you be ?

shall you not be ?

shall he be ?

shall he not be ?

Svreni futur
povratno
I shall have been

odrino
I shall not hav been

you will have been

you will not have been

he will have been

he will not have been

upitno

odrino-upitno

shall I have been ?

shall I not have been ?

will you have been ?

will you not have been?

will he have been ?

will you not have been ?

Kondiciona l
potvrdno

odrino

I should be

I should not be

you would be

you would not be

he would be itd.

he would not be

itd.

odrino-upitno

upitno
should I be ?

should I not be ?

would you be ?

would you not be ?

would he be ? itd.

would he not be ?

129.

Kondicional proli
potvrdno

odrino

I should have been

I should not have been

you would have been

you would not have been

he would have been itd.

you would not have been

itd.

upitno

odrino-upitno

should I have been ?

should I not have been ?

would you have been ?

been ?
would he have been ?

Imperativ
b e

Infinitiv prezenta
to be

Infinitiv perfekta
to have been

Particip prezenta

would you not have

would he not have been ?

being

130.

Particip perfekta
been - having been

Gerund prezenta
being

Gerund perfekta
having been
Glagol to have -imati
Prezent
odrino

potvrdno
I have

- I ve

I have not

- I havent

you have

- youve

you have not

- youhavent

he has

- hes

he has not

- he hasnt

it has

- its

it has not

- it hasnt

we have

- weve

we have not

- we havent

you have

- youve

you have not - you havent

they have

- theyve

they have not -theyhavent

upitno

- havent I?

have I ?

have I not ?

have you ?

have you not? -haventyou

has he ?

has he not ?

- hasnthe?

has she ?

has she not ?

- hasntshe?

has it ?

has it not ?

- hasnt it ?

have we ?
we ?

o d r i n o - u p i t no

have we not?

havent

have they ?

have they not ? - haven't they?

131.

Preterit
potvrdno

odrino

I had

- Id

I had not

- I hadnt

you had

- youd

you had not

- you hadnt

he had

- hed

he had not

- he hadnt

she had

shed

she had not

- she hadnt

it had not

- it hadnt
- we hadnt

it had
we had

- wed

we had not

you had

- youd

you had not - you hadnt

they had

- theyd

they had not- they hadnt

upitno

odrino-upitno
- hadnt I ?

had I?

had I not ?

had you ?

had you not ? - hadnt you ?

had he ?

had not he ? - hadnt he ?

had she ?

had not she ? - hadnt she ?

had it ?

had it not ?

had we ?

had not we ? - hadnt we ?

had you ?
had they ?

- hadnt it ?

had not you ? - hadnt you ?

had not they ? - hadnt they ?

Perfekt
po t v r d n o

odrino

I have had

I have not had

you have had

you have not had

ha has had itd

you have not had

odrino-upitno

upitno
have I had ?

have I not had ?

have you had ?

have you not had ?

has he had ?

has he not had ? it

132.

Pluskvamperfekt
potvrdno
I had had

odrino
I had not had

you had had

you had not had

ha had had

you had not had itd.

upitno

odrino-upitno

had I had ?

had I not had ?

had you had ?

had you not had ?

had he had ?

had he not had ? itd.

Futur
potv rdno

odrino

I shall have

I shall not have

you will have

you will not have

he will have

he will not have

upitno

odrino-upitno

shall I have ?

shall I not have ?

will you have ?

will you not have ?

will he have ?

will he not have ?

Svreni futur
potvrdno

odrino

I shall have had

I shall not have had

you will have had

you will not have had

ha will have had

he will not have had

133.

upitno

odrino-upitno

shall I have had ?

shall I not have had ?

will you have had ?

will you not have had ?

wil he have had ?

will he not have had ? itd.

Kondicional
potvrdno

odrino

I should have

I should not have

you would have

you would not have

he would have itd.

he would not have? itd

upitno

odrino -upitno

should I have?

should I not have?

would you have?

would you not have?

would he have? itd.

would he not have? itd.

Kond icional proli

potvrdno

odrino

I should have had

I should not have had.

You would have had

you would not have had

he would have had itd.

he would not have had itd.

upitno

odrino-upitno

should I have had?

should I not have had. ?

would you have had?

would you not have had ?

would he have had ? itd.

would he not have have had ?

134.

Imperativ
have

Infinitiv prezenta
to have

Infinitiv prezenta
to have had

Particip prezenta
having

Particip perfekt a
had - having had

Gerund prezenta
having

Gerund perfekta
having had

135.

P r e z e n t ( gl . " to do " )
potvrdno

odrino

I do

I do not

- I dont

you do

you do not

- you dont

he does

he does not

- he doesnt

she does

she does not - she doesnt

it does

it do not

- it doesnt

we do

we do not

- we dont

you do

you do not

- you dont

they do

they do not

- they dont

upitno

odrino-upitno
- dont I ?

do I ?

do I not ?

do you ?

do you not ? - dont you

does he ?

does he not ? - doesnt he ?

does she ?

does she not ? - doesnt she ?

does it ?

does it not ? - doesnt it ?

do we ?

do we not

do you ?

do you not ? - dont you ?

do they ?

do they not ? - dont they

- dont we ?

Preterit
potvrdno

odrino

I did

I did not

- I didnt

you did

you did not

- you didnt

- he didnt itd.

he did itd.

he did not

upitno

odrino-upitno

did I ?

did I not ?

did you ?

did you not ? - dont you ?

did he ?

did he not ?

- didnt ?
- didnt he ?

136.

Imperativ
do
Glagol can - mogu
Prezent
potvrdno
I can
you can
he can not
she can not
we can not
you can not
they can not

upitno
can I ?
can you ?
can she ?
can it ?
can we ?
can you ?
can they ?

odrino
I can not
you cannot
he cannot
she cannot
we cannot
you cannot
they cannot

- I cantt
- you cant
- he cant
- she cant
- we cant
- you cant
- they cant

odrino-upitno
can I not ?
- cant I ?
can you not ? - cant you ?
can she not ? - cant she ?
can not it ? - cant it ?
can not we ? - cant we ?
can not you ? - cant you ?
can not they ? - cant they ?

Preterit
potrvdno
I could
you could

upitno
could I ?
could you ?

he could itd.

could he ? itd.

odrino
I could not
you could not
he could not

- I couldnt
- you couldnt
- he couldnt

137.

drino-upitno
could I not?
could you you?
could he not ?

Glagol may

- couldnt I ?
- couldnt you ?
- couldnt he ?

- smijem

Prezent
potvrdno
I may
you may
he may
she may
it may
we may
you may
they may

upitno
may I ?
may you ?
may he ?
may she ?
may it ?
may we ?
may you ?
may they ?

odrino
I may not
you may not
he may not
she may not
it may not
we may not
you may not
they may not

odrino-upitno
may I not ?
may you not ?
may he not ?
may she not ?
may it not ?
may we not ?
may you not ?
may they not ?

Preterit
potvrdno

odrino

I might
you might
he might

I might not
you might not
he might not

upitno

odrino-upitno

might I ?
might you ?
might he ?

might I not ?
might you not ?
might he not ?

138 .

Glagol must

- moram

Prezent
odrino

potvrdno

I mus not
- I musnt
you musnt
- you musnt
he must
- he musnt
she must not - she musnt
it must not
- it musnt
we must not - we musnt
you must not - you musnt
they must not - they musnt

I must
you must
he must
she must
it must
we must
you must
they must

o d r i n o -u p i t n o

upitno

must I not ? - musnt I

must you not ?
- musnt you ?
must he not ? - musnt he ?
must she not ?
- musnt she ?
must it not ? - musnt it ?
must we not ? - musnt we ?
must you not ?
- musnt you ?
must they not ? musnt they ?

must I?
must you ?
must he ?
must she ?
must it ?
must we ?
must you ?
must they ?

Glagol teach

- pouavati

AKTIV
Prezent
potvrdno
I teach
you teach

upitno
do I teach ?
do you teach ?

he teach
she teach
it teach
we teach
you teach
they teach

does he teach ?
does she teach ?
does it teach ?
do we teach ?
do you teach ?
do they teach ?

139 .

odrino

he does not teach

I do not teach
you do not teach
- he doesnt teach
she does not teach
it does not teach
we do not teach
you do not teach
they do not teach

- I dont teach
- you dont teach
- she doesnt teach
- it doesnt teach
- we dont teach
- you dont teach
- they dont teach

odrino-upitno
do I not teach ?
do you not teach ?
does he not teach ?
does she not teach ?
does it not teach ?
do we not teach ?
do you not teach ?
do they not teach ?

- dont I teach ?
- dont you teach ?
- doesnt he teach ?
- doesnt she teach ?
- doesnt it teach ?
- dont we teach ?
- dont you teach ?
- dont they teach ?

Preterit
potvrdno

upitno

I taught
you taught
he taught
she taught
it taught
we taught
you tought
they taught

did I teach ?
did you teach ?
did he teach ?
did she teach ?
did it teach ?
did we teach ?
did you teach ?
did they teach ?

odrino

I did not teach

-I didnt teach
you did not teach - I didnt teach
he did not teach - he didnt teach
she did not teach - she didnt teach
it did not teach
- it didnt teach
we did not teach - we didnt teach
you did not teach - yoo didnt teach
tzhey did not teach - they didnt teach

140 .

o d r i n o - u p i t n o
did I not teach ?
did you not teach ?
did he not teach ?
did she not teach ?
did it not teach ?
did we not teach ?
did you not teach ?
did they not teach ?

- didnt I teach ?
- didnt you teach ?
- didnt he teach ?
- didnt she teasch ?
- didnt it teach ?
- didnt we teach ?
- didnt you teach ?
- didnt they teach ?

Perfekt
potvrdno
I have taught
you have tought
he has tought itd.

odrino

upitno

I have not taught

you have not taught

have I taught ?
have you taught ?

odrino-upitno
have I not taught ?
have you not taught ?
has he not taught ?

- havent I taught ?
- havent you taught ?
- hasnt he taught ? itd.

Pluskvamperfek t
potvrdno
I had taught
you had taught
he had taught
itd.

upitno
had I taught ?
had you taught ?
had he taught ?

odrino
Ihad not taught
you had not taught
he had not taught

- I hadnt taught
- you hadnt taught
- he hadnt taught itd.

odrino -upitno
had I not taught ?
- hadnt I taught ?
had not you taught ? - hadnt you taught ?
had he not taught ? - hadnt he taught ?
141 .

Futur
potvrd no

upitno

I shall teach
you will teach
he shall teach

shall I teach ?
will you teach ?
will he teach ?

odrino
I shall not taught
you will not teach
he will nbot

- I shant teach
- you wont teach
- he wont teach

odrino-upit no
shall I not teach ?
- shant I teach ?
will you not teach ? - wont you teach ?
will he not teach ? won t he teach? itd.

Svreni futur
potvrdno
I shall have taught
you will have taught
he will have taught

odrino
I shall not have taught
you will not have taught
he will not have taught

itd.

upitno
shall I have taught ?
will you have taught ?
will he have taught ?
itd.

Kondicional

o d r i n o - u p i t no
shall I not have taught ?
will you not have taught ?
will he not have taught ?

odrin o

potvrdno
I should teach
you would teach
he would teach

I should not teach

you would not teach
he would not teach

odrino-upitno

upitno
should I teach ?
would you teach ?
would he teach ?

should I not teach ?

would you not teach ?
would he not teach ? itd.

142.

K o n d i c i o n a l pr o l i
potvrdno
I should have taught
you would have taught
he would have taught

odrino
I should not have taught
you would not have taught
he would not have taught

itd.

upitno

odrino-upitno

should I have taught ?

would you have taught ?

should I not have taught ?

would you not have taught

would he have taught ?

would he not have taught?

I m pe r a t i v
teach

Infinitiv
to teach

Infinitiv perfekta
to have taught

Particip prezenta
teaching

P a r t i c i p p e r fe k t a
taught - having taught

Gerund prezenta
teaching

Gerund perfekta
having taught

143.

P a s i v
Prezent
potvrdno
I am taught
you are taught
he is taught itd.

upitno
am I taught ?
are you tught ?
is he taught ? itd.

odrino
I am not taught
you are not taught
he is not taught itd.

odrin -upitno
am I not taught ?
are you not taught ?
is he not taught ? itd

Preterit
potvrdno
I was taught
you were ta
he was taught itd.

upitno
was I taught ?
were you taught ?
was he taught ?

odrino
I was not taught
you were not taught
he was not taught itd.

odrino-upitno
was I not taught ?
were you not taught ?
was he not taught ? itd.

Perfekt
potvrdno
I have been taught
you have been taught

odrino
I have not been taught
you have not been taught

he has been taught

he has not been taught

odrino-upitno

upitno
have I been taught ?
have you been taught ?
has he been taught ?

have I not been taught ?

have you not been taught ?
has he not been taught ?

itd.
144 .

Pluskvamperfekt
potvrdno
I had been taught
taught
you had been taught
he had been taught

upitno
had I been taught ?
had you been taught ?
had he been taught ?

odri no
I

had

not

been

you had not been taught

he had not been taught

odrino-upitno
had I not been taught ?
had you not been taught ?
had he not been taught ?

Futur
p o tv r d n o
I shall be taught
you will be taugh
he will be taught

upitno
shall I be taught ?
will you be taught ?
will he be taught ?

odrino
I shall not be taught
you will not be taught
he will not be taught itd.

odrino-upitno
shall I not be taught ?
will you not be taught ?
will he not be taught ?

Svreni futur
potvrdno
I shall have been
taught
been taught
you will have been taught
taught

odrino
I shall not have
you will not have been

he will have been taught

been taught

he will

not have

odrino-upitno

upitno
Shall I have been taught ?
taught ?
will you have been taught ?
taught
will he have been taught ?
taught?

shall I not have been

will you not have been
will he not have been

145 .

Kondicional
potvrdno
I should be taught
you would be taught
he would be taught

upitno
should I be taught?
would you be taught ?
would he be taught ?

odrino
I should not be taught
you would not be taught
he would not be taught

odrino-upitno
should I not be taught ?
wopuld you not be taught ?
would he not be taught ?

Kondicional proli
potvrdno
I should have been taught
you would have been taught
he would have been taught

upitno
should I have been taught ?
would you have been taught ?
would he have been taught ?

Imperativ
be taught

Infinitiv prezenta
to be taught

Infinitiv perfekta
to have been taught

odrino
I should not have been taught
you would not have been taught
he would not have been taught

odrino-upitno
should I not have been taught ?
would yo nothavebeentaught ?
would he not have been taught?

Particip perfekta
having beeb taught

Gerund pr ezenta
being taught

Gerund perfekta
having been taught
146 .

Nepravilni
Infinitiv

glagoli

arise ( raiz) pojaviti se

awake (weik) probuditi se
be (bi:) biti
bear (b ) roditi
bear (b) nositi
beat (bi:t) tui
become (bikm) postati
begin (bigin) poeti
bend (bend) svinuti
bet (bet) kladiti se
bid (bid) zapovijediti
bind (baind) vezati
bite (bait ) gristi
bleed (bli:d) krvariti
blow (blou) duhati
break (breik) slomiti
breed (bri:d) uzgajati
bring (brig) donijeti
(bro:t)
build (bild) sagraditi
burn (b:n) gorjeti
(be:nd)
burst (b:st) prsnuti
buy (bai)
kupiti
(bo:t)
cast (ka:st) bacati
catch (kt )
choose (tu:z)
cling (kli) prianjati
clothe (klout) odijevati

Preterit

arose ( `rouz )
awoke( wouk)
was, were (woz, w:)
bore (bo: )
bore (bo: )
beat (bi:t)
became (bikeim)
began (bign)
bent (bent)
bet (bet)
bade (bd, beid )

particip perfekta

arisen (rizn)
awaked (weikt)
been (bi:n )
bor n ( bo: n)
bor n (bo:n)
beaten (bi:tn)
become (bikm)
begun (bign)
bent (bent)
bet (bet)
bidden (bidn)

bound (baund )
bit (bit)
bled (bled)
blew (blu)
broke (brouk)
bred (bred)
brought (bro:t)

bound (baund)
bitten (bitn)
bled (bled)
blown (bloun)
broken (broukn)
bred (bred)
brought

built (bilt)
burnt (be:nt)
burned (be:nd)

built (bilt)
burnt (be:nt)
burned

burst (b:st)
bought (bo:t)

burst (b:st)
bought

cast (ka:st)
caught (kt )
chose (tu:z)
clung (kli)
clad (klout )

cast (ka:st)
caught (kt
chosen (tu:z)
clung (kli)
clad (klout)

Comment [y1]:
Comment [y2]:

clothed
(kloutd)
come (km) doi
cost (kost) kotati, stajati
creep (kri:p) puzati
cut (kt) rezati
deal (di:l) dijeliti
dig (dig) kopati
do (du:) initi

(kloutd)

came (km)
cost (kost)
crept (kri:p)
cut (k t)
dealt (delt)
dug (dg)
did (did)

clothed
come(km)
cost (kost)
crept (kri:p)
cut (kt)
dealt (delt)
dug (dg)
done (dn)

147 .
Infinitiv
draw (dro:) vui, crtati
dream (dri:m) sanjati
(dremt)
drink (drik) piti
drive (draiv) tjerati
dwell (dwel) boraviti
eat (i:t) jesti
fall (fo:l) pasti
feed ((fi:d) hraniti
feel (fi:l) osjeati
fight (fait )boriti se
find (faind) nai
(faund)
flee (fli:) pobjei
fling (fli) baciti
fly (flai) letjeti
forbid (f bid) zabraniti
(f bidn)
forget (f get) zaboraviti
gotn)
forgive (f giv) oprostiti
forsake (fseik) oprostiti
freeze (fri:z) smrzavati se
get (get) dobiti, postati

Preterit

Particip perfekta

drew ( dru:)
dreamt (dremt)

drawn (dru:)
dreamt

drank (drnk)
drove (drouv)
dwellt (dwelt)
ate (et)
fell (fel)
fed (fed)
felt (felt)
fuoght (fo:t)
found (faund)

drunk (drnk)
driven (drivn)
dwellt (dwelt)
eaten (i:tn)
fallen (fo:ln)
fed (fed)
felt (felt)
fought (fo:t)
found

fled (fled)
flung (fl)
flew (flu:)
forbade (f beid)

fled (fled)
flung (fl)
flown (floun)
forbidden

forgot (f got)
forgave (f geiv)
forsook (f suk)
froze (frouz)
got (got)

gild (gild) pozlatiti

gilded (gildid)

give (giv) dati

go (gou) ii
grind ( graind) mljeti, brusiti
grow ( grou) rasti
hang (h ) visjeti, objesiti

gave (geiv)
went (went)
ground (graund)
grew (gru:)
hung (h )
hanged (h )
had (h d)
heard (h :d)

have (h v) imati
hear (hie ) uti

forgotten (f
forgiven (f givn)
forsaken (f seikn)
frozen(frouzn)
got (got)
gotten (gotn)
gilded (gildid)
gilt (gilt)
given (givn)
gone (gon)
ground (graund)
grown (groun)
hung (h )
hanged (h )
had (h d)
heard (h :d)

hew (hju:) sjei

hewed (hju:d)

hide (haid) sakriti

hit (hit) udariti
hold (hould) drati
hurt ( h :t) ozlijediti
keep (ki:p) uvati
kneel (ni:) kleati
knit (nit) plesti

hid (hid)
hit (hit)
held (held)
hurt (h :t)
kept (kept)
knelt (nelt)
knitted (nitid)
knit (nit)
148.

know (nou) znati

lay (lei) poloiti
lead (li:d) voditi

knew (nju:)
laid (lid)
led (led)

lean (li:n) nasloniti (se)

(li:nd)
leap (li:p) skoiti
learn (l:n) uiti
(l:nt)
leave (li:v) ostati
lend (lend) posuditi (kome)
let (let ) pustiti
lie (lai) leati
light (lait) upaliti, osvjetliti
lose (lu:z) izgubiti
make (meik) napraviti
mean (mi:n) znaiti
meet (mi:t) sresti
mow (mou) eti
overcome(ouv km) nadvladati
overcome(ouvkm)
pay (pei) platiti
put (put) staviti
read (ri:d) itati
rid (rid) osloboditi
ride (raid) jahati
(ridn)
ring (ri ) zvoniti
rise (raiz) dii se
rot (rot) trunuti
run ( r n) trati
saw (sou) iti
shake ( eik) tresti

hewn (hju:n)
hewed (hju:d)
hidden (hidn)
hit (hit)
held (held)
hurt (h :t)
kept (kept)
knelt (nelt)
knitted (nitid)
knit (nit)

known (noun)
laid (lid)
led (led)

leaned (li:nd)

leaned

leant (lent)
leapt (lept)
learnt (l:nt)

leant (lent)
leapt (lept)
learnt

learned (l :nd)
left (left)
lent (lent)
let (let)
lay (lei)
lit ( lit)
lighted (laitid)
lost (lost)
made (meid)
meant (ment)
met (met)
mowed (moud)
overcame(ouv

learned (l :nd)
left (left)
lent (lent)
let (let)
lain (lein)
lit (lit
lighted (laitid)
lost (lost)
made (meid)
meant (ment)
met (met)
mowed (moun)
keim)

paid (peid)
put (put)
read (red)
ridden (ridden)
rid (rid)
rode (roud)

paid (peid)
put (put)
read (red)
rid (rid)

rang (r )
rose (rouz)
rotted (rotid)
ran (r n)
sewed (soud)

rung (r )
risen (rizn)
rotten (rotn)
run (r n)
sewn (soun)
sewed (soud)
shaken ( eikn)

shook ( uk)

ridden

shave (eiv) brijati se

shine (ain) sijati
shoe (u:) potkovati
shoot (u:t) ustrijeliti
show ( ou) pokazati
oun)

shaved (eivd)
shone (on)
shod (od)
shot ( ot)
showed ( oud)

shaved (eivd)
showed (eivn)
shone(on)
shod (od)
shot ( ot)
shown

showed ( oud)
149.

shrink (
rik) stegnuti se
shut ( t) zatvoriti
sing (si ) pjevati
sink (sik) tonuti
sit (sit ) sjediti
slay (slei) zaklati
sleep (sli:p) spavati

shrank ( rk)
shut ( t)
sang (si )
sank (s k)
sat (st)
slew (slu:)
slept (slept)

shrunk ( rk)
shut ( t)
sung (si )
sunk (sk)
sat (st)
slain (slein)
slept (slept)

Infinitiv

Preterit

Particip perfekta

slide (slaid) klizati

smell (smel ) mirisati

slide (slid)
smelt (smelt )

slide (slid)
smelt (smelt

sow ( sou ) sijati

smelled ( smeld )
sowed ( soud )

smelled ( smeld )
sown ( soun

spoke ( spouk )
sped ( sped )
spelt ( spelt )
spelled ( speld )
spent ( spent )
spilt ( spilt )
spilled ( spild )
spun (spn )
spat (spt )
spit ( spit )
split ( split )
spoilt ( spoilt )
spoiled (spoild )
spread ( spred )
sprang (spr )
stood ( stud )
stole ( stoul )
stuck ( stk )
stung ( st )
stank ( stk )
struck (strk )

sowed ( soud )
spoken (spoukn )
sped ( sped )
spelt ( spelt )
spelled ( speld )
spent ( spent )
spilt ( spilt )
spilled ( spild )
spun (spn )
spat ( spt )
spit ( spit )
split ( split )
spoilt ( spoilt )
spoiled ( spoild )
spread ( spred )
sprung ( spr )
stood ( stud )
stolen ( stouln )
stuck ( stk )
stung ( st )
stunk (stk )
struck ( strk )

)
speak ( spi:k )
speed ( spi;d ) uriti se
spell ( spel ) sricati
spend ( spend ) troiti ,provesti
spill ( spil ) proliti
spin ( spin ) presti
spit ( spit ) pljunuti
split ( split ) raskoliti
spoil (spoil ) pokvariti
spread ( spred ) rairiti
spring ( spri ) skoiti
stand ( stnd ) stajati
steal ( sti:l ) ukrasti
stick ( stik ) prionuti
sting ( stik ) ubosti
stink (sti ) zaudarati
strike ( straik ) udarati

strive ( straiv ) boriti se

swear ( sw ) zakleti se , kleti
(swo:n )
sweat ( swet ) znojiti se
sweep ( swi:p ) pomesti
swell ( swel ) nabreknuti

strove ( strouv )
swore ( swo: )
sweat ( swet )
sweated ( swetid )
swept ( swept )
swelled

stricken ( strikn )
striven ( strivn )
sworn
sweat ( swet )
sweated ( swetid )
swept ( swept )
swolen
swelled ( sweld )

150.
swim ( swim ) plivati
swing ( swi )
take ( teik )
teach ( ti:t ) pouavati
tear (t ) poderati
tell ( tel ) rei
think ( ik ) misliti
thrive ( raiv ) uspijevati
throw (rou )
thrust ( rst )

swam ( swm )
swung ( sw )
took ( tuk )
taught ( to: t )
tore ( to: )
told ( tould )
thought ( o:t )
throve ( rouv )
thrived ( raivd )
threw ( ru: )
thrust ( rst )

swum ( swm )
swung ( sw )
taken ( teikn )
taught ( to: t )
torn ( to:n )
told ( tould )
thought ( o:t )
thriven ( rivn )
thrived ( raivd )
thrown ( roun )
thrust ( rst )

Infinitiv
Preterit
Particip perfekta
tread ( tred ) stupati
trod ( trod )
trodden ( trodn )
understand ( nd st nd) razumjeti
understood
(
nd
stud)
understood(ndstud)
wake (weik) probuditi
woke (wouk)
woken (woukn)
waked (weikt)
waked (weikt)
woke (wouk)
wear ( w ) nositi
wore (wo: )
worn (wo: n)
weave (wi:v) tkati
wove (wouv)
woven ( wouvn)
wove (wouw)
weep (wi:p) plakati
wept (wept)
wept (wept)
win (win) dobiti
won (won)
won (won)
wind (waind) vijugati
wound (waund)
wound (waund)
withdraw (widro:) povui (se)
withdrew (widru:) withdrawn(widro:n)
withhold (wihould) zaustaviti
withheld (wiheld)
withheld
(wiheld)
withstand (wist nd) oduprijeti (se) withstood (wistud)
withstood(wistud)
work (w:k) raditi
worked (w:kt)
worked (w:kt)
wrought (ro:t)
wrought (ro:t)
wring (ri) izaimati
wrung (r )
wrung (r)
write (rait) pisati
wrote (rout)
written (ritn)

151.
ENGLESKI

ALFABET

(ai)

(d3ei)

m
(ei)
(em)

(bi:)

(en)
(zed)

(ou)

(si:)

(di:)

(pi:)

(i:)

(kju:)

(ef)

s
(a:)

(d3i:)

t
( es)

(ei )

u
(ti:)

primjer

butter (bt)
France (fra:ns)
sad (s d)
leave (li:v)
fog (fog)
short (o:t)
shoe (u:)
father (fa:)
girl (g:l)
toy (toi)
poor (pu)
hear (hi)
bear (b)
bring (bri)
three (ri:)
they (ei)

a:

i:
o
o:
u:

oi
u
i

- maslac
- Francuska
- alostan
- ostaviti
- magla
- kratak
- cipela
- otac
- djevojka
- igraka
- siromaan
- uti
- medvjed
- donijeti
- tri
- oni

(el)

(ju:) (vi:) (dblju:) (eks) (wai)

ZNAKOVI ZA IZGOVOR ENGLESKIH GLASOVAKOJI SE

RAZLIKUJU OD ZNAKOVA TO SE UPOTREBLJAVAJU U PISMU

znak

(kei)


3
t
d3
w

bush (bu)
pleasure (ple3e)
chair (t)
bridge (brid3)
winter (wint)

- grm
- uitak
- stolica
- most
- zima

152.

NAZIVI ZA INTERPUNKCIJU
comma (kom)
-zarez
semi-colon (semikouln)
-toka-zarez
colon (kouln) - dvije toke
ful-stop (fulstop)
- toka
mark of interrogation (ma:kvinterogein) - upitnik
mark of exclamation (ma:kveksklmein) - usklinik
brackets (brkits)
- zagrada
hyphen (haifn) - crtica
dash (d)
- crta
quotation marks (kwouteinmaks) - navodnici
apostrophe (postrfi) - apostrof

NAZIVI ZA VRSTE RIJEI

verb (v:b)
- glagol
noun (naun)
- imenica
article (a:tikl) - lan
adjective (d3ektiv)
- pridjev
pronoun (prounaun) - zamjenica
adverb (dv:b) - prilog
prepsition (,prepzin) - prijedlog
interjection (,int:d3ekn)
- uzvik
conjunction (knd3ekn)
- veznik
numeral (nju:mrl) - broj

153.
I N D E X
(Brojevi oznaavaju paragrafe)
a 345
after 570
ago 535
akuzativ s infinitivom 227 , 228
all 471 - 473
among 575
and izmeu dva komparativa 409
u sloenim brojevima 542
another 470
any 452 - 455
+ imenica prijevod na hrvatskosrpski ) 455
uz scarcely , hardly , without 456
u potvrdnim reenicama 457
arrive ( prijedlozi uz ) 564
at 554 , 559
be 18 - 24
kao pomoni glagol 20
kao glagol punog znaenja 21
kao imenskog predikata 22
u izrazima za dob, udaljenost i
cijenu 24
konjuktiv 264
before 571
behind 572
between 574
bezlini glagoli 13
both 474 , 475
brojevi 539 - 557
glavni i redni 539
glavni 545
napomene uz pisanje nekih
brojeva 541

budunost ( izraavanje ) 169, 190,

194
by 565
can 45 - 50
oblik 46
u znaenju moi, biti sposoban
48
za dozvolu 49
u uljudnom pitanju 50
causative have 33, 34, 36
causative get 35
could 50
lan ( openito ) 344
neodreeni 345, 436
neodreeni ( upotreba ) 347 - 356
izostavljanje 357 - 360
odreeni ( oblik ) 361, 362
odreeni ( upotreba ) 363 - 370
dani u tjednu 551
datumi 552
defektivni
glagoli
infinitiv iza def. Glagola 233
do 18, 37 - 44, 71, 108
kao pomoni glagol 38
za isticanje 39
u kratkim odgovorima 40
uz so 41
u dodatnom pitanju 42
kao glagol punog znaenja 43
skraeni oblici u prezentu 71

12

umnoni 547
razlomci 548
odreeni lan ispred rednog
broja 549
brojive i nebrojive imenice 331,
332
each 466
either 467, 475
elder 400
emfatino do 39

skraeni oblici u preteritu 108

u imperativu 261
dob 557
dodatno pitanje 42, 591 - 596
during 569
rod 302 - 306
zajedniki rod 307
tvorba enskog roda 308 -312
s posebnim oblikom za
enski rod 313
154.

enough + infinitiv 231, 537

every 463
everybody 464
everyone 464
everything 465

mnoina 314
mnoina imenica na s, z, , , , i d 315
mnoina imenica na -o, 316, 317
mnoina imenica na
-y
318, 319
mnoina imenica na - f i fe
320, 321
nepravilna mnoina 322, 323
nepromjenjena mnoina 342
koji ne dolaze u mnoini 325, na -ics 326
brojive i ne brojive 331, 332
padei 333 - 335
genitiv (upotreba) 341 - 343
na -ing 255
imperativ 256
tvorba 257 - 261
istaknut sa do
261
in 546, 555, 560
infinitiv 219 - 236
prezenta 220
prezenta, nesvreni 221
perfekta (tvorba) 222
perfekta, nesvreni 223
prezenta, pasivni 224
perfekta, pasivni 225
upotreba (za izraavanje namjere) 226
akuzativ sa infinitivom 227, 228
iza nekih glagola 229
iza nekih pridjeva 230
iza too i enough 231
prevoenje na hrvatskosrpski 232
bez to 233 - 236
in front of 537
- ing oblici (openito) 238
into 562
inverzija 586, 587, 591 - 596
u pitanjima sa where, when, why,

farther 399
few 396
for 138, 568
from 563
further 399
futur 168, 170 - 193
tvorba 170 - 174
upotreba 176, 177, 195
nesvreni ( tvorba ) 178 - 181
upotreba 182, 183
svreni 184 - 186
sa going to 190, 193
genitiv ( imenica )336 - 340
upotreba 341 - 343
gerund 238 - 250, 576
glagolske osobine 240 - 242
imenike osobine 243 - 245
upotreba 246 - 250, 576
get, causative 35
glagoli openito 1
na o- 76
na -y 77
glavni brojevi 539
itanje sloenih brojeva 542
have 18, 25 -32
kao pomoni glagol 26
kao glagol punog znaenja 27- 29
itd. 587
have got 30

iza so i neither

589

u stalnim izrazima 31, 32

causativ have 33 - 36
he 438
hear 99
her, hers 426
his 425
how + infinitiv 229
hundred 543, 544

u kratkim dodatnim pitanjima 591

it 485 - 487
its 427
izgovor nastavka - ed 112 - 114

I 480, 481
155.
if (izostavljanje) 208
imenice 296 - 326, 331 - 343
vrste 297 - 301
komparacija pridjeva (openito)
386 - 394, 403- 409
nepravilna 394
tvorba komparativa i superlativa
387 -393
vrste 403 - 406
uspore4dno poveavanje ili
smanjivanje
komparacija priloga 526 - 528
kondicional ( tvorba ) 196
sadanji 197 - 200
proli 197 - 200
saeti oblici 201
konjuktiv 262 - 266
upotreba 265 , 266
last 402
late 401
let 234
line zamjenice 479 - 498
oblici 480
nominativ 490
poloaj u reenici 495 - 498
listen to 99
little 395
look at 99

make 234
many 398
may 45 , 51 - 53
za dozvolu 52
za mogunost 53
might 54

neodreeni lan 245 - 260

oblik 245 , 246 .
upotreba 347 - 356
izostavljanje 357 - 360
neodreeni pridjevi i zamjenice
445 - 478
some 446 - 448 , 451
somebody , someone , something
prijevod imenica sa some i any
455
any uz hardly , scarcely , without
456
no 458
none 459
nobody , no - one 460
nothing 461
every 463
everybody , everyone i everything 464 , 465
each 466
either 467
neither 468
other 469
all 471 - 473
both 474
one 476 - 478
nepravilna komparacija pridjeva
394 - 402
nepravilni glagoli 2 , 9
nesvreni prezent 85 , 87 - 99
za radnju koja se sada dogaa
94
za radnju u blioj budunosti
95

million 543 , 544

mine 422
mjeseci u godini 551
mnoina imenica 314 - 326
mnoina sloenica 327 - 330
much 397
must 45 , 55 - 61
za obavezu 56
upotreba 55 - 59

must not 59
my 422
nebrojive imenice 331 , 332
need not 60 , 61
negacija u engleskom jeziku 462
neither 468 , 475
neither + inverzija 589
upotreba 590
za radnju u blioj budunosti
95
za radnju u toku 96
za radnju koja se ponavlja 97
neupravni govor ( openito ) 274
slaganje vremena 281 , 282
say i tell 283 - 285 , 287
imperativ 286
promjene priloga i zamjenica
288 - 290
neupravno pitanje 291 , 293 - 295
red rijei 292 , 588
no 458
nobody 460
nominativ linih zamjenica 490
none 459
nothing 461
objekt nepravi (poloaj u reenici) 585
objekt pravi (poloaj u reenici) 585
obrnuti red rijei 586
odnosne zamjenice 505-517
oblici 505
who 506, 507
whom 508, 509
whose 510
which 511, 512

za radnju u toku 96
za radnju koja se ponavlja 97
nesvreni perfekt 143 - 149
tvorba 143 - 147
upotreba 148 , 149
nesvreni futur 178 - 183
tvorba 178 - 181
upotreba 182 , 183
nesvreni infinitiv prezenta 221
nesvreni infinitiv perfekta 223
156.
nesvreni perfekt 143 - 149
nesvreni perfekt 143 - 149
tvorba 143 - 147
upotreba 148 , 149
nesvreni preterit 119 - 126
tvorba 119 -123
upotreba 124 - 126
nesvreni prezent 85 , 87 - 99
za radnju koja se sada dogaa
94
particip perfekta pravilnih gla gola 5 , 129
pravilnih glagola na - e 6
nepravilnih glagola 7 , 130
pasiv ( openito ) 267
tvorba 268
upotreba 269 , 270
prijevod na bosanski 271
u reenici sa dva objekta 272
glagola s prijedlogom 273
infinitiv perfekta 225
infinitiv prezenta 224
perfekt 127 -142
tvorba 128, 131-134
upotreba 135-142
pluskvamperfekt 150-167
tvorba 151-155
upotreba 156-159, 166
nesvreni 160-164
upotreba nesvrenog 165, 167
pogodbene reenice 202,tipovi 203-209
pomoni glagoli 11
povratne zamjenice 499-504
oblik 500, 501
upotreba 502, 503
povratni glagoli 10
povratni glagoli 2
prelazni glagoli 8

that, 513-516
what 517
odreeni lan 361-377
oblik 361, 362
upotreba 363-370
izostavljanje 371-377
odrini oblik defektnih i pomonih glagola 14
odrini oblik glagola punog znaenja 15
older 400
on uz datume 546, 558
one 419, 476-478
open (0blici) 107
other 469, 470
ought 62-64
our, ours 428
pade objekta line
zamjenice 491-494
padei imenica (openito)333-335
pokazni,prisvojni,upitni,neodreeni ( openito) 410
this, that 411-413
prijedlog na kraju upitne reenice 411
prijedlozi 558-576
prilozi 518-538
vrste 519
naina 520
tvorba 521-525
komparacija 526-528
poloaj u reenici 529-530, 580-584
stupnja (too, quite, rather,
enough) 536-538
posvojni pridjevi 420-433
oblik 421
her 426
usporedba sa bosanskim jezikom 430
uz dijelove tijela i odjevne
predmete 431
prisvojne zamjenice u ustaljenim
izrazima 432-433
quite 536
rather 536
razlomci 548
red rijei u reenici 577-590

preterit 98
pravilnih glagola 5,99,101,103-107,
112-114
pravilnih glagola na -e 6
napomene uz tvorbu 109-111
nepravilnih glagola 7, 102-106
upotreba 115-118, 140
nesvreni 119-126
prezent 65-70, 72-75, 100
upotreba 78-82, 194
157.
za buduu radnju 83
u vremenskim i pogodbenim reenicama 84
nesvreni 85, 92-95, 187, 188
pridjev such 415, 416
pridjev the same 418
pridjev our 428
pridjev their 429
pridjevi (usporedba s bosnskim jezikom 378
openito 279-381
upotreba 382-385
komparacija 386
vrste komparacije 403-406
shall 195,209-211
za dozvolu i savjet 210
u 2.i 3. licu jednine 211
she 484
should 214, 215
since 137,567
slaganje vremena 275-282
sloenice ( mnoina ) 327-330
so (inverzija) 589,590
some 446-448, 451,455
some + imenica (prevod na bosanski)455
somebody 429
someone 449
something 450
such 425
superlativ 407
superlativ i komparativ
(tvorba) 387-393
svojstva glagola 3
svreni futur 184-186
tell i say 283-287
tense 4
that 411-414
that (odnosno) 512-516
the 361-377
the... the + komparativ 408

stalan u engleskoj reenici 578

pravi i nepravi objekt 585
u zavisno-upitnoj reenici 292,588
redni brojevi 539-542
rimski brojevi uz imena vladara 550
rod imenica 302-306
same 418
saeti oblici glagola do
preterita 123
perfekta 134,147

the ispred rednog

broja 549
their, theirs 429
they 489
this 411-414
thousand 543,544
till 566
to 561
to+infinitiv 233
to umjesto infinitiva 237
158.

pluskvamperfekta 155
futura 174
kondicionala 201
say i tell 283-285, 287
see 99,189
sequence of tenses 275-282

zamjenice (openito) 410

this, that 411-414
such 417
the same 418
one 419
hers 426
its 42
ours 428
theirs 429
prisvojne u ustaljenim izrazima 432,433
who 435

too + infinitiv 231

too kao prilog stupnja
umnoeni brojevi 547
upitne reenice 443,444
upitni oblik pomonih i
defektnih glagola 16
glagola punog znaenja 17
upitni pridjevi izamjenice 434-444
vrijeme (kako se kazuje) 533
dolaska i odlaska vozova 556
vrste imenica 297-301
we 488
what 439,440,517
which 442,511,512
who 435-437
kao subjekt 436
kao objekt 437
who (odnosno) 506-509
whose 438, 510
will 175, 195, 209-213
would 216-218
zajedniki rod imenica 307
zamjenice line 479-498
zamjenice za isticanje 504
zapovjedni nain 256-261
tvorba 257-260
istaknut sa do 261
zavisno- upitne reenice 291,293-29
red rijei 292,588
enski rod (tvorba) 308-313
you 482
your, yours 423

159.
SADRAJ
( Brojevi oznauju stranice )

Glagoli :
svojstva glagola
pravilni i nepravilni glagoli
prelazni , neprelazni i povratni
glagoli
pomoni glagoli
tvorba negativnog oblika
glagola
tvorba upitnog oblika glagola
be kao pomoni glagol
be kao glagol punog znaenja
have kao pomoni glagol
have kao glagol punog
znaenja
causative have
do kao pomoni glagol
do kao glagol punog znaenja
can
may
must
ought
prezent glagola punog zna enja
upotreba prezenta
nesvreni prezent
upotreba nesvrenog prezenta
preterit , tvorba
preterit , upotreba
nesvreni preterit , tvorba
nesvreni preterit , upotreba
perfekt , tvorba

2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
13
17
17
17
19
20
23
23
24
25

nesvreni pluskvamperfekt ,
tvorba
nesvreni pluskvamperfekt ,
upotreba
futur
upotrba futura
nesvreni futur
svreni futur
svreni futur , upotreba
izraavanje budunosti ne svrenim prezentom
izraavanje budunosti sa
" going to "
izraavanje budunosti obi nim prezentom
kondicional
pogodbene reenice
upotreba shall i will
upotreba should i would
infinitiv
upotreba infinitiva
infinitiv bez to
gerund
upotreba gerunda
particip prezenta
particip prezenta , upotreba
imenice na - ing
imperativ
konjuktiv
konjuktiv , upotreba

30
31
32
33
34
35
35
35
36
37
37
39
41
42
43
44
45
47
48
49
49
49
50
51
51

perfekt , upotreba
nesvreni perfekt , tvorba
nesvreni perfekt , upotreba
pluskvamperfekt , tvorba
pluskvamperfekt , upotreba

26
28
28
29
30

pasiv
pasiv , upotreba
neupravni govor
slaganje vremena
upotreba say i tell
zavisno - upitne reenice

52
52
54
54
56
57

160.
Imenice :
vrsta imenica
rod imenica
mnoina imenica
brojive i nebrojive imenice
padei imenica
genitiv
upotreba genitiva

Prilozi :
59
59
61
65
65
65
66

lan :
neodreeni lan , oblik i upotreba
67
izostavljanje neodreenog
lana
70
odreeni lan , oblik i upotreba
71
izostavljanje odreenog lana 73

vrsta priloga
tvorba priloga
komparacija priloga
poloaj priloga u reenici

Brojevi :
brojevi , glavni i redni
tvorba rednih brojeva

105
105
107
108

110
111

Prijedlozi :
najobiniji prijedlozi

115

Red rijei u reenici :

stalan red rijei
obrnuti red rijei

119
121

Pridjevi :
upotreba pridjeva u reenici 75
komparacija pridjeva
76
nepravilna komparacija
78
vrste komparacije
81

Pridjevi i zamjenice :
pokazni pridjevi i zamjenice
posvojni pridjevi i zamjenice
upitni pridjevi i zamjenice
neodreeni pridjevi i zamjenice
line zamjenice
povratne zamjenice
odnosne zamjenice

82
84
87
89
96
100
101

Dodatak :
oblici glagola be
have
do
can
may
must
teach
nepravilni glagoli
engleski alfabet
znakovi za izgovor
engleskih glasova
nazivi za interpunkciju
nazivi za vrste rijei
indeks

123
128
133
134
135
136
136
144
148
149
149
150
150