SUMMARY OF 3-2 TRANSFORMATION CONVENTIONS

In below: Us is the rms magnitude of the phase quantity (voltage, current or flux). Each
transformation is characterised by a relation between the 2-phase magnitude (same in dq or ) and
the RMS phase quantity. Each convention will give rise to different 2-3 and 3-2 axis transformation
coefficients and to a different torque coefficient. Note the term P/2 is assumed.

Peak Stator Convention

us (t )

2
us1 us 2 e j us 3e j 2 2U s e jt
3

usd 2U s cost

usq 2U s sint
2
2
usd usq 2U s U s

Magnitude of the 2-phase phasor = peak value of the stator phase.

And

3
2U s e jt
2

3
3
M is (ir e j ) * M 2 I s . 2 I r * 3MI s I r *
2
2

Common in UK, conserves power in p.u. system.

2.

One and a half-times Peak Convention

us (t ) us1 us 2 e j us 3e j 2
3
2U s cost
2
3
usq
2U s sin t
2
3
3
2
2
usd usq
2U s U s
2
2
usd

Magnitude of the 2-phase phasor = 3/2 times peak value of the stator phase.
And

2
2
3
3

M is (ir e j ) * M 2 I s .
2 I r * 3MI s I r *
3
3
2
2

System used by Leonard and common in Germany. Phasor mathematics is simpler. Not power
conserving.

3.

Rms Phase Convention

us (t )

2
us1 us 2 e j us 3e j 2 U s e jt
3

usd U s cost
usq U s sint
usd usq U s
2

Magnitude of the 2-phase phasor = RMS value of the stator phase.

T 3M is (ir e j ) * 3MI s I r *

And

Common in USA and Japan and deserves popularity with simple vector magnitude. Torque
coefficient in dq has same coefficient as in phasors. Doesnt conserve power.

4.

Power Conserving Convention

2
us1 us 2 e j us 3e j 2 3U s e jt
3

us ( t )

usd 3U s cost

usq 3U s sint

usd usq 3U s
2

3
Us
2

T M is (ir e j ) * M 3I s . 3I r * 3MI s I r *

And

The general power conserving transformation.

Note on Power Conservation
By power conservation we mean i s * .v s 3 I s Vs 3Vs I s * ie. the instantaneous power in
the 2-phase system is equal to that of the 3-phase. For each of the conventions we have:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

i s * .v s
i s * .v s
i s * .v s
i s * .v s

2 I s Vs 2Vs I s *
9 / 2 I s Vs 9 / 2Vs I s *
I s Vs Vs I s *
3 I s Vs 3Vs I s *

2-phase power = 2/3 that of 3-phase

2-phase power = 1.5 times that of 3-phase
2-phase power = 1/3times that of 3-phase
2-phase power = to that of 3-phase