Anatomy and Physiology Exam #2 Study Guide

Chapter 5: Skeletal System

Obviously you arent expected to know all 206 bones of the adult human skeleton. But you
should be aware of the anatomy of bones, both microscopic and macroscopic; pay special
attention to the bone markings in Table 5.1. Know some of the diseases associated with the
skeletal system. I pointed out some interesting facts about some of the skull bones, so make
sure you know those in particular. Know the ins and outs of fracture healing in bones. Also
know various types of cartilage and where each type is found.
Chapter 6: Muscular System
Again, you arent expected to know the names of the over 600 muscles in the adult human.
Understand the microscopic and macroscopic anatomy of muscles. Understand how muscle
contraction works, and how muscle cells are stimulated by the nervous system. You should also
understand how muscles utilize energy. Know the differences and similarities between cardiac,
skeletal, and smooth muscle.
Chapter 7: Nervous System
Understand how nerve impulses are conducted and initiated. Understand the function of the
various neuroglial cells discussed. Pay attention the functions of the various brain regions
covered: cerebellum, cerebrum, midbrain, brain stem, etc. Know the divisions of the nervous
system (central vs peripheral, parasympathetic vs sympathetic, efferent vs afferent). Know the
parts of a typical neuron. Know the order of the meninges.
Chapter 8: Special Senses
I tried to give the eye, ear, taste, and olfactory senses equal presence on the exam. You will
need to understand the anatomy of the eye and ear especially. Know how light travels through
the eye and is processed by the visual center of our brains. You will also need to know some of
the disorders of the eye discussed in your book. Understand how balance and equilibrium are
processed and detected.
There will be 50 questions on this exam, as before, and I tried to give every chapter equal
questions but be aware that one or two chapters may have one or two extra questions, simply
because 4 chapters wont divide into 50 questions evenly. Questions will again be a
combination of T/F, multiple-choice, and matching.