i

NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN

H v tn sinh vin: Nguyn Mnh Hc

Ngnh: Cng ngh Ch to my

Lp: 51CKCT
Khoa: C kh

ti: Nghin cu ng dng phn mm Geomagic Studio xy dng vt

th
S trang: 83

S chng: 03

S ti liu kham kho: 3

Hin vt: 02 quyn n; 01CD

NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
Kt lun:
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
Nha Trang, ngy thng nm 2013
IM CHUNG
Bng ch

Bng s

CN B HNG DN
(K v ghi r h tn)

TS. Nguyn Vn Tng

ii

PHIU NH GI CHT LNG TI TT NGHIP

H v tn sinh vin: Nguyn Mnh Hc

Lp: 51CKCT

Ngnh: Cng ngh Ch to my

Khoa: C kh

ti: Nghin cu ng dng phn mm Geomagic Studio xy dng vt

th
S trang: 83

S chng: 03

S ti liu kham kho: 3

Hin vt: 02 quyn n; 01CD

NHN XT CA CN B PHN BIN

..................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
nh gi chung:
..................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
Nha Trang, ngy thng nm 2013

IM
Bng ch

Bng s

Cn b phn bin
(K v ghi r h tn)

IM CHUNG
Bng ch

Bng s

Nha Trang, ngy thng nm 2013

Ch tch hi ng
(K v ghi r h tn)

iii

MC LC
Trang
NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN ................................................................. i
PHIU NH GI CHT LNG TI TT NGHIP..................................ii
MC LC .................................................................................................................... iii
LI CAM OAN ......................................................................................................... vi
LI CM N ..............................................................................................................vii
DANH MC CC T VIT TT. ......................................................................... viii
DANH MC CC HNH V S DNG TRONG N ..................................... ix
LI M U ................................................................................................................ 1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V K THUT NGC ............................................ 2
1.1. Khi nim ........................................................................................................... 2
1.2. u nhc im ca k thut ngc ................................................................... 3
1.2.1. u im ....................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2. Nhc im.................................................................................................. 3
1.3. Quy trnh k thut ngc ................................................................................... 3
1.3.1. Giai on qut hnh: ..................................................................................... 3
1.3.2. Giai on x l im: .................................................................................. 4
1.3.3. Giai on ng dng ...................................................................................... 5
1.4. ng dng ca k thut ngc ............................................................................ 6
CHNG 2: GII THIU PHN MM GEOMAGIC STUDIO ........................ 10
2.1. Thng tin tng qut v phn mm Geomagic Studio ....................................... 10
2.2. Giao din phn mm Geomagic Studio 2012................................................... 11
2.3. Nt Geomagic ................................................................................................... 11
2.4. Thanh cng c .................................................................................................. 12
2.5. Vng Panels ...................................................................................................... 13
2.6. Mn hnh ha ............................................................................................... 16
2.7. Thanh cng c bn phi.................................................................................... 17
2.7.1. Cc cng c h tr quan st ....................................................................... 17
2.7.2. Cc cng c la chn ................................................................................. 18

iv

2.8. Mt s lnh v ng dng ca chng................................................................. 18

2.8.1. Nhm lnh View ........................................................................................ 18
2.8.2. Nhm lnh Select ....................................................................................... 19
2.8.3. Nhm lnh Tools ....................................................................................... 20
2.8.4. Nhm lnh Aligments ................................................................................ 21
2.8.5. Nhm lnh Analysis................................................................................... 22
2.8.6. Nhm lnh Features ................................................................................... 23
2.8.7. Nhm lnh Capture .................................................................................... 24
2.8.8. Nhm lnh Points....................................................................................... 25
2.8.9. Nhm lnh Polygons .................................................................................. 26
2.8.10. Nhm lnh Cuvres .................................................................................... 28
2.8.11. Nhm lnh Exact Surfaces........................................................................ 30
2.8.12. Nhm lnh Parametric Surfaces ............................................................... 31
CHNG 3:NG DNG PHN MM GEOMAGIC STUDIO XY DNG
VT TH .................................................................................................... 33
3.1. M u .............................................................................................................. 33
3.2. Xy dng i tng b mt tham s. ............................................................... 33
3.2.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................... 33
3.2.2. Cc bc thao tc ....................................................................................... 34
3.3. Xy dng i tng b mt NURBS. .............................................................. 47
3.3.1. Gii thiu. .................................................................................................. 47
3.3.2. Cc bc thao tc. ...................................................................................... 47
3.4. Xy dng i tng b mt chnh xc. ............................................................ 56
3.4.1. Gii thiu. .................................................................................................. 56
3.4.2. Pha im..................................................................................................... 56
3.4.3. Pha a gic ................................................................................................. 57
3.4.4. Giai on b mt chnh xc........................................................................ 57
3.5. Xy dng i tng thng qua lnh AutoSurfaces .......................................... 66
3.5.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................... 66
3.5.2. Cc thao tc. ............................................................................................... 66

3.6. Xy dng ci thin cht lng i tng giai on a gic ............................. 72

3.6.1. Gii thiu. .................................................................................................. 72
3.7. Xy dng i tng vi lnh Offset ................................................................ 76
3.7.1. Gii thiu. .................................................................................................. 76
KT LUN V KIN NGH ..................................................................................... 81
Kt lun ...................................................................................................................81
Kin ngh .................................................................................................................82
TI LIU THAM KHO........................................................................................... 83

vi

LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan nhng ni dung trong n tt nghip ny l do ti t nghin
cu v thc hin di s hng dn ca thy gio TS. Nguyn Vn Tng. Trong
phn tng quan c s dng mt s bi vit thc t ca cc tc gi khc ch tham
kho. Cc ni dung khc nghin cu v trnh by trong ti l trung thc, khng sao
chp v cha tng cng b trong cc cng trnh nghin cu trc y.
Nu c s gian ln no ti xin chu hon ton trch nhim trc Hi ng cng
nh kt qa lun vn ca mnh.

Nha Trang, ngy 3 thng 7 nm 2013

Sinh vin,
Nguyn Mnh Hc

vii

LI CM N
Em xin chn thnh cm n su sc n thy gio hng dn TS. Nguyn Vn
Tng v s gip v du dt tn tnh ca thy trong sut thi gian em thc hin
n.
Em cng xin gi li cm n ti tt c cc thy, c trong khoa C Kh trng i
hc Nha Trang gip v ch bo em trong sut qu trnh em hc tp v rn luyn
ti trng.
Qua y, em cng mun ni li cm n n gia nh, c bit l b m to iu
kin thun li t vt cht n tinh thn em c th hon thnh kho hc.
V cui cng ti xin gi li cm n ti tt c cc bn b, nhng ngi lun h
tr gip ti trong thi gian thc hin n ny.
Sinh vin
Nguyn Mnh Hc

viii

DANH MC CC T VIT TT.

- CAD (Computer Aided Design): Thit k vi s h tr ca my tnh ( CAD cn
c nh ngha l Computer Aided Drawing Cng c tr gip v trn my tnh).
- CAM (Computer Aided Engineering): Tnh ton k thut vi s tr gip ca
my tnh.

ix

DANH MC CC HNH V S DNG TRONG N

Trang
Hnh 1.1. Cc loi my qut................. ...........................................................................4
Hnh 1.2. Qut vt th dng my qut laser ....................................................................4
Hnh 1.3. Cc gia on qut v x l u ngi .............................................................6
Hnh 1.4. Dng k thut ngc dng m hnh CAD cho cc tc phm ngh thut. ......6
Hnh 1.5. Dng k thut ngc ly mu hoa vn th cng. ...........................................6
Hnh 1.6. ng dng k thut ngc thit k li sn phm c kh phc tp. ...................7
Hnh 1.7. ng dng k thut ngc trong hng khng v tr. .......................................7
Hnh 1.8. ng dng k thut ngc ly mu mt ngi v ng vt. ............................8
Hnh 1.9. ng dng k thut ngc trong kho c hc. .................................................8
Hnh 1.10. ng dng k thut ngc to ra cc b phn c th dng trong y hc .........9
Hnh 1.11 . S dng k thut ngc thit k nhn vt v mi trng trong Game ........9
Hnh 2.1 Giao din khi ng phn mm Geomagic Studio 2012. ..............................11
Hnh 2.2.Cc lnh trong nt Geomagic. .......................................................................12
Hnh 2.3. Thanh cng c v dy th lnh khi khi ng Geomagic .............................12
Hnh 2.4. Thanh cng c khi thao tc vi im ............................................................13
Hnh 2.5. Thanh cng c khi thao tc vi a gic .........................................................13
Hnh 2.6. Mennu chut phi trong Model Manager ....................................................14
Hnh 2.7. Ca s General. ............................................................................................14
Hnh 2.8. Ca s Display. .............................................................................................15
Hnh 2.9. Ca s Lighting. ...........................................................................................15
Hnh 2.10. Ca s Overlay. ..........................................................................................16
Hnh 2.11.Mn hnh ha ca Geomagic ..................................................................16
Hnh 2.12. Menu chut phi trong mn hnh ha .....................................................17

Hnh 2.13. Thanh cng c nhm lnh View..................................................................18

Hnh 2.14. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Select. ...............................................................19
Hnh 2.15. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Tools. ................................................................20
Hnh 2.16. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Aligments. ........................................................21
Hnh 2.17. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Analysis. ...........................................................22
Hnh 2.18. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Features. ..........................................................23
Hnh 2.19. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Capture. ...........................................................24
Hnh 2.20. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Points ................................................................25
Hnh 2.21. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Polygons. ..........................................................26
Hnh 2.22. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Cuvres. .............................................................28
Hnh 2.23. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Exact Surfaces. ................................................30
Hnh 2.24. Thanh cng c nhm lnh Parametric Surfaces. ......................................31
Hnh 3.1: Chi tit bt ch ...............................................................................................33
Hinh 3.2 : D liu im ban u. ..................................................................................34
Hnh 3.3. i tng sau khi lm ni Bob 1 ..................................................................34
Hnh 3.4. Chn c 2 Bob trong Model Manager. ........................................................35
Hnh 3.5. Loi b phn d trn i tng. ....................................................................35
Hnh 3.6. Ca s lnh Manual Registration................................................................36
Hnh 3.7. Xc nh im ni trn hai Bob. ....................................................................36
Hnh 3.8. i tng hnh thnh sau khi thc hin lnh Aligment ...............................37
Hnh 3.9. in l hay v i tng ...............................................................................38
Hnh.3.10.Chn vng loi b bng cng c Custom Region Tool ..............................38
Hnh 3.11.Khu vc c chn......................................................................................38
Hnh 3.12.Xa khu vc va chn............................ ......................................................38
Hnh.3.13.V li l va to. ..........................................................................................39

xi

Hnh 3.14. Cc khu vc c cong khc nhau. ...........................................................39

Hnh 3.15. Li xy ra khi thc hin lnh Detect Regions. ...........................................40
Hnh 3.16. Cc khu vc b tch ring bit.....................................................................41
Hnh 3.17. S dung cng c Paintbrush sa li.....................................................41
Hnh 3.18. i tng sau khi loi b li. ......................................................................41
Hnh 3.19. Hiu chnh cc bin dng vng. ......................... .............................................41
Hnh 3.20. Li nhn bit khu vc i tng d liu th. ..............................................41
Hnh 3.21. Khc phc li khi s dng lnh Classify Regions. .....................................42
Hnh 3.22. i tng sau khi s dng lnh Classify Regions. ....................................42
Hnh 3.23. i tng trc v sau khi c lp rp cc mt. ......................................43
Hnh 3.24. Ca s lnh Fit Surface. .............................................................................44
Hnh 3.25. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Classify Connections............................44
Hnh 3.26. Li cc ng cong xn giao nhau. .............................................................45
Hnh 3.27. Chnh sa cc ng cong giao nhau. .........................................................45
Hnh 3.28. Cc mt i tng CAD. .............................................................................46
Hnh 3.29. Lu i tng trong Model Manager. .......................................................46
Hnh 3.30. Chi tit khun dp. ......................................................................................47
Hnh 3.31. Ca s lnh Reduce Noise. .........................................................................48
Hnh 3.32. i tng trc v sau khi thc hin lnh Reduce Noise ..........................48
Hinh 3.33. Ca s lnh Fill All. ....................................................................................49
Hnh 3.34. Ca s lnh Trim With Plane. ...................................................................49
Hnh 3.35. i tng v mt ct khi thc hin lnh Trim With Plane. ......................49
Hnh 3.36. Ca s lnh Sharpening Wizard bc 1 ...................................................50
Hnh 3.37. Ca s lnh Sharpening Wizard bc 2 ...................................................51
Hnh 3.38. Ca s lnh Sharpening Wizard bc 3 ...................................................51

xii

Hnh 3.39. Ca s lnh Sharpening Wizard bc 4 ...................................................51

Hnh 3.40. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Sharpening Wizard..............................52
Hnh 3.41. i tng khi thc hin lnh Detect Contours. .........................................52
Hnh 3.42. i tng khi thc hin lnh Subdivide/Extend Contours. .....................53
Hnh 3.43. i tng khi c xy dng cc bn v. ...................................................53
Hnh 3.44. Trc v sau khi chnh sa cc bn v trong lnh Shuffle Panels. ............54
Hnh 3.45. Ca s lnh Construct Grids. ....................................................................54
Hnh 3.46. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Construct Grids. ..................................54
Hnh 3.47. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Fit Surfaces. ..........................................55
Hnh 3.48: Trc v sau khi tri qua pha im. ............................................................56
Hnh 3.49. i tng khi chuyn qua pha a gic. .......................................................57
Hnh 3.50. Ca s lnh Detect Contours. ....................................................................58
Hnh 3.51. i tng khi s dng lnh Detect Contours.. ..........................................59
Hnh 3.52. i tng khi s dng lnh Edit Contours................................................59
Hnh.3.53. Chnh sa li cc ng vin. .....................................................................60
Hnh.3.54. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Shuffle Panels. ......................................60
Hnh.3.55. Trc khi Construct Grids (tri) v sau (phi) ............................................61
Hnh.3.56. Trc Shuffle Curvature Lines (tri) v sau (phi) ..................................62
Hnh.3.57. i tng thao tc trong lnh Shuffle Panels. ...........................................63
Hnh.3.58. Trc khi Construct Grids (tri) v sau (phi). ........................................63
Hnh.3.59. Trc v sau khi thc hin lnh ..................................................................65
Hnh 3.60. Chi tit t. .................................................................................................66
Hnh 3.61. Ca s lnh Disconnected Components. ...................................................67
Hnh 3.62. Ca s lnh Outliners. ................................................................................67
Hnh 3.63. Ca s lnh Reduce Noise. .........................................................................67

xiii

Hnh 3.64. i tng khi chuyn qua giai on a gic ...............................................68

Hnh 3.65. Cc li v trn li a gic. .........................................................................69
Hnh 3.66. Trc v sau khi thc hin lnh Defeature. ...............................................69
Hnh 3.67. Ca s lnh Decimate. ................................................................................70
Hnh 3.68. i tng khi chuyn qua giai on mt chnh xc. ...................................71
Hnh 3.69. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh AutoSurface. .........................................71
Hnh 3.70: Chi tit rng .................................................................................................72
Hnh 3.71. Xa d liu d trn i tng. ....................................................................73
Hnh 3.72. i tng khi c chn tt c. ..................................................................73
Hnh 3.73. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh ReWarp. ................................................73
Hnh 3.74. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Remove Spikes. ....................................74
Hnh 3.75. Ca s lnh Relax Polygons......................................................................74
Hnh 3.76. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Relax Polygons. ....................................75
Hnh 3.77. Chi tit v hp. ............................................................................................76
Hnh 3.78. Ca s lnh Offset Entire Model. ..............................................................77
Hnh 3.79. i tng khi c la chn bng cng c Lasso. ....................................77
Hnh 3.80. Ca s lnh Offset Selection. .....................................................................77
Hnh 3.81. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Offset Selection.....................................78
Hnh 3.82. Ca s lnh Engrave...................................................................................78
Hnh 3.83. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Engrave. ................................................79
Hnh 3.84. Ca s lnh Emboss. ...................................................................................79
Hnh 3.85. i tng sau khi thc hin lnh Emboss. .................................................80

LI M U
Ngy nay, vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut c bit l khoa hc my tnh
lm thay i tt c mi mt ca i sng. Trong nhng nm gn y khi cng ngh
my tnh c a vo p dng trong sn xut gp phn h tr sn xut, thit k
cng nh tng cng cht lng sn phm. Theo vo l s ra i ca cc phng
thc mi, cc k thut mi, phn mm h tr sn xut, thit k mi.
Ngoi cc phn mm CAD/CAM v ang pht trin, ng dng rng ri trong
cc x nghip, nh my. Trong vi nm tr y s xut hin ca K thut ngc bc
u c nghin cu v pht trin p dng vo cc phn mm nhm gip to nn
cc sn phm mi, ph hp vi xu th ton cu vi cc phng din th trng thng
mi v sn xut, a dng ha sn phm, to ra cc sn phm mu m nhanh, sn phm
cng ngh cao, ph hp vi tnh cnh tranh ca th trng ngy cng khc lit.
Phn mm Geomagic Studio l mt trong nhng phn mm in hnh ni bt v
k thut ngc. n Nghin cu ng dng phn mm Geomagic Studio xy
dng vt th tp trung nghin cu nm bt k thut ngc v ng dng ca n trong
phn mm Geomagic Studio 2012. Mc ch t ra trong n l nghin cu v s
dng thnh tho phn mm Geomagic Studio 2012 xy dng vt th. n bao
gm cc chng:
- Chng 1: Tng quan v k thut ngc.
- Chng 2: Gii thiu v phn mm Geomasgic Studio 2012.
- Chng 3: ng dng phn mm Geomagic Studio xy dng vt th.
- Kt lun v kin ngh.
Trong qu trnh lm n ny mc d c gng nhng do cn hn ch v kin
thc nn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu xt. Em rt mong c c s gp , b
sung, ng gp kin ca thy c v cc bn n c hon thin hn. Em xin
chn thnh cm n
Sinh vin
Nguyn Mnh Hc

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V K THUT NGC

1.1. Khi nim
gia cng, ch to sn phm th cn phi thit k m hnh CAD ri em sang
my cng c gia cng. Tuy nhin trong thc t, i khi cn ch to sn phm theo
nhng mu c sn m cha xy dng c m hnh CAD tng ng nh: cc c,
b phn con ngi, ng vt, to c mu ca cc chi tit, sn phm ny,
ngi ta cn phi o c ri v phc li hoc thch cao dng sp in mu. Cc phng
php trc y cho chnh xc khng cao, tn nhiu thi gian v cng sc, c bit
l i vi nhng chi tit phc tp.
Xut pht t nhu cu thc t cn thit k cc m hnh 3D t cc m hnh c sn,
vo nhng nm 90 ca th k 20 xut hin k thut ngc (Reverse Engineering).
K thut ngc cho php xy dng m hnh CAD 3D ca mt i tng t m hnh
vt l ca n, da trn vic thu thp d liu m my im trn b mt ca i tng.
* K thut ngc c ng dng c ng dng rng ri gii quyt cc vn
nh :
- Khch hng cn sn phm t nh ch to khng tn ti na.
- Nh ch to khng cn ch to sn phm na, v d sn phm li thi,
qu c.
- Ti liu thit k ca sn phm gc b mt
- To d liu tn trang hoc ch to chi tit khng c d liu CAD, hoc d
liu CAD b mt.
- Kim tra v/hoc so snh-qun l cht lng chi tit ch to vi m hnh
CAD.
- Loi tr mt s c im khng tt ca sn phm.
- Lm mnh thm nhng c tnh tt ca sn phm.
- To d liu 3D t mt c th, mt m hnh hoc mt sn phm iu khc
to, ly t l hoc ti ch tc phm ngh thut.

- To d liu 3D t mt m hnh hoc tc phm iu khc cho hnh nh ng

trong tr chi v phim nh.
- Ly s liu , o c cc vt th vn ha hoc n phm ngh thut trong lnh vc
kho c, sinh hc v cc lnh vc khoa hc khc.
- To d liu trong lnh vc nha khoa, gia cng cc b c th
- Ly s liu, o c kin trc v xy dng.
1.2. u nhc im ca k thut ngc
1.2.1. u im
- Gip phn tch cc tnh nng tt v xu sn phm vi sn phm i th cnh
tranh ,l con ng ngn nht d dng ci thin hiu sut sn phm v tnh nng sn
phm.
- Gim bt thi gian ch to khin nng sut c nng cao.
- Ch to li cc sn phm mu m khng cn bn thit k.
1.2.2. Nhc im
- My qut c gi thnh cao.
- Cn c trnh v thng qua o to cc kha phm mm.
1.3. Quy trnh k thut ngc
Quy trnh k thut ngc c tin hnh qua 3 giai on l qut, x l im v
ng dng xy dng m hnh .
1.3.1. Giai on qut hnh:
Dng my qut hnh qut hnh dng ca vt th. Cc thit b ny c th l loi
my qut chuyn dng hay c th s dng chc nng qut trn my cng c CNC. C
th dng my qut dng tip xc (nh my o to Coordinate Measuring Machine CMM) hoc my qut dng khng tip xc (my qut laser)

Hnh 1.1.

a. My qut im b. My qut laser

Khi s dng my CMM th u d tip xc vi b mt cn o. Mi v tr o s

cho mt im c to (x, y, z). Tp hp cc im o s cho mt m my cc im.
Khi s dng my qut laser th chm tia laser t my chiu vo vt th s phn
x tr li cm bin thu. Hnh dng ca ton b vt th c ghi li bng cch dch
chuyn hay quay vt th trong chm nh sng hoc qut chm nh sng ngang qua vt.
Phng php ny cho chnh xc km hn phng php tip xc. Dung sai t c
khi dng phng php tip xc t 0,01 0,02 mm trong khi phng php khng tip
xc th 0,025 0,2 mm.
C 2 phng php u cho d liu v chi tit gm tp cc im (m my im).
m my im ny phi c chuyn sang dng li a gic xy dng mt.

a. i tng qut b. File scan sau khi qut

Hnh 1.2. Qut vt th dng my qut laser
1.3.2. Giai on x l im:
Giai on ny lin quan n nhp d liu m my im, gim nhiu t d liu
thu c v gim s lng im. Giai on ny cng cho php chng ta ghp cc b
d liu qut. i khi chng ta phi qut nhiu lt m bo rng tt c cc i

tng trn chi tit c qut ht. Nh vy c th phi xoay chi tit cho ln qut tip
theo. V th chun mi ln qut rt quan trng. K hoch qut nhiu lt c tc ng
trc tip n giai on x l im. Lp chun qut thch hp s gim nhng n lc yu
cu trong giai on x l im v cng trnh sai s t vic ghp d liu t cc ln
qut.
u ra ca giai on x l im l mt b d liu m my im c ni
t cc ln qut v khng c li. Hin ti c nhiu phn mm chuyn nghip dng cho
x l im.
1.3.3. Giai on ng dng
Giai on ny ngi ta tin hnh a gic ha t d liu m my im. T to
ra cc b mt NURBS hoc xut ra file .STL cho mc ch to mu nhanh hoc kim
tra i chiu vi m hnh CAD. Hu ht cc h thng CAD khng c thit k
hin th v x l mt lng ln ca d liu im. Do cc modul to mu nhanh
hoc cc gi phn mm chuyn bit thng c s dng n cho x l im. To d
liu b mt t b d liu m my im vn l mt qu trnh rt ch quan mc d cc
thut ton da trn i tng bt u xut hin cho php k s tng tc vi d liu
m my im nhm to ra m hnh khi c hon chnh cho cc mi trng CAD
hin ti.
Giai on ny ph thuc nhiu vo mc ch thc s cho k thut ngc. V d,
nu ta qut mt chi tit khun p nha b gy ch to mt ci mi th chng ta ch
quan tm n vic to m hnh hnh hc ca chi tit v cng quan tm n vic to d
liu m ISO G-code dng cho my CNC nhm gia cng chi tit sau ny.
Chng ta cng c th dng k thut ngc phn tch d liu ri so snh vi
mu thit k. Phn mm k thut ngc cho php ngi s dng so snh hai b d liu
( c thit k v c ch to). Qu trnh ny cng cho php kim tra chi tit
c ch to.
u ra ca giai on ny l m hnh hnh hc mt trong cc nh dng nh
IGES, VDA, STL, DXF, OBJ, VRML, ISO G Code,
Cc hnh sau y m t mt s cng on qut hnh v x l u ngi :

a. Qut hnh b. D liu sau qut

c. Ti u ha

d. Dng b mt

Hnh 1.3. Cc gia on qut v x l u ngi

1.4. ng dng ca k thut ngc
Vi tnh u vit ca mnh l m hnh ha c nhiu chi tit (k cc chi tit c
phc tp cao) mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc p ng ti a cc nhu cu a
dng ca th trng trong rt nhiu lnh vc :
- Trong lnh vc ngh thut
Trong lnh vc ny k thut ngc c th hin vic sao chp hoc phn tch
cc c im, nt v ca cc kit tc hi ha, iu khc..

Hnh 1.4. Dng k thut ngc dng m hnh CAD cho cc tc phm ngh thut.

Hnh 1.5. Dng k thut ngc ly mu hoa vn th cng.

- Ci tin mu m sn phm

Nhu cu ca th trng thay i lin tc tng ngy nh hin nay cng ty no sm

a ra c mu m mi s chim c th phn v ginh c li nhun cao nht. K
thut ngc c vai tr rt ln trong ci tin mu m sn phm,nh ng dng k thut
ngc s lm gim c thi gian thit k, rt ngn thi gian a sn phm vo th
trng tc l gim thi gian ca chu trnh sn xut.

M hnh qut mu sn phm M hnh CAD a ra

Hnh 1.6. ng dng k thut ngc thit k li sn phm c kh phc tp.
- Trong hng khng v tr
Nh ng dng ca k thut ngc cc k s hng khng v tr v hng c th
cung cp mc chnh xc cao nht v cht lng trong sn xut, sa cha v bo
dng my bay hay tu v tr trong khi hot ng. Ngoi ra k thut ngc cho php
to ra m hnh th gii thc 3D chnh xc cao t d liu qut 3D, ti to mt phn,
mt phn m phng v to thnh phn mi. Cc k s cng c th nhanh chng s
dng cc k thut tin tin, t ng o lng v phn tch ca cc b phn ci tin.

Hnh 1.7. ng dng k thut ngc trong hng khng v tr.

- Trong sn xut chi tit my
K thut ngc cn c s dng khi cn thay th 1 chi tit, b phn m nh sn
xut khng cn cung cp, chng ta phi ch to li chng m khng h c bn v thit
k. Hay khi mun sn xut theo mu m mi ti u trn th trng m nh thit k ra

chng lm mt, lm hng, hoc khng mun cung cp ti liu thit k. c bit l khi
sn phm c hnh dng rt phc tp, kh miu t nh hnh ngi, hnh con vt

Hnh 1.8. ng dng k thut ngc ly mu mt ngi v ng vt.

- Trong kho c hc
K thut ngc cho php khi phc hnh dng ca cc sinh vt thi tin s da
trn cc ha thch c thu c trong t, , hay trong bng m khng h lm tn hi
hay ph hoi mu ha thch . K thut ngc cn cho php chng ta dng li cc
mu tng c, khi phc li cc cng trnh kin trc, ngh thut c b tn ph trong
lch s.

Hnh 1.9. ng dng k thut ngc trong kho c hc.

- Trong y hc
K thut ngc n gin ho qu trnh to ra cc thit b y t nh chn tay gi,
cy ghp c tai in t, cc thit b iu tr h hm ch v cc khp xng thay th v lm tng cht lng ca chng, v vy gip ci thin ph hp hon ton v gim
au sau phu thut. K thut ngc cn gip thu thp d liu qut ca b xng ngi
v d liu qut 3D ca hnh dng c th, Nh c k thut ngc cho php cc nh thit
k nhanh chng to ra cc sn phm xung quanh yu cu duy nht ca bnh nhn.

Hnh 1.10. ng dng k thut ngc to ra cc b phn c th dng trong y hc

- Trong ngnh phim nh, tr chi gii tr
K thut ngc tr gip c lc cho cc nh thit k to cc trang phc cc mu
m theo hnh dng con ngi.

Hnh 1.11 . S dng k thut ngc thit k nhn vt v mi trng trong Game
K thut ngc l mt thnh phn quan trng trong khi sn xut mt s b phim
live-hnh ng v hot hnh, k thut ngc cung cp cho cc nh lm phim cc kh
nng v chi tit v m hnh ha cn thit lm cho nhn vt tr nn trung thc v
nh sng. Tng t nh vy, khi thit k game mun to ra mt tri nghim tht, k
thut ngc cung cp chnh xc 3D cn thit lm cho sinh vt thn thoi, ng
vt v con ngi rt thc s sng dy t mn hnh.
K thut ngc cn c p dng trong mt vi lnh vc khc na. Ni chung c
u cn thit k a ra m hnh CAD th c th p dng k thut ngc.

10

CHNG 2: GII THIU PHN MM GEOMAGIC STUDIO

2.1. Thng tin tng qut v phn mm Geomagic Studio
Geomagic l mt cng ty pht trin phn mm, tp trung vo phn mm 3D v
cng ngh thit k v k thut. Cng ty c thnh lp vo nm 1997 bi Ping Fu v
Herbert Edelsbrunner. Cng ty c tr s ti Research Triangle Park , North Carolina,
M. Phn mm Geomagic Studio mt trong nhng phn mm ca cng ty ny.
Phn mm Geomagic Studio gm mt s c im c bn nh sau :
To hnh dng b mt t do phc tp trong mt thi gian ngn.
Gip ngi dng tn dng cc t liu hin c rt ngn chu trnh thit k v
chun b cc m hnh phn tch CAD hoc cc ng dng khc.
Sao chp nh thit k, c th nhanh chng trch xut tng thit k v ti to
li bn gc.
T ng nhn dng, phn tch v sa cha nhng phn khng hon chnh trong
qu trnh qut d liu to ra cht lng b mt cao, sn sng xut sang mi trng
CAD.
H tr nhiu loi thit b qut tip xc v khng tip xc.
C cc cng c lm sch d liu m my im, phn tch v sa cha li, chc
nng v v nhiu chc nng khc.
c ti u ha x l d liu nhanh v c kh nng x l hiu qu nhng
m my im dy, ln.
H to ton cc 3D c n gin ha d dng lin kt d liu.
Mi trng tp lnh Python cho php ngi dng ty chnh quy trnh cng vic
x m my im.
File ci t Geomagic Studio 2012 c dung lng 354 MB (phin bn mi nht
hin nay Geomagic Studio 13). Geomagic Studio cho php nhp/xut file h tr CAD
3D nh: IGES, STEP, VDA,.X_t * v . X_b (Parasolid),.PRT (Pro/ENGINEER), SAT.
Geomagic Studio 12 h tr 9 ngn ng gm: Trung Quc, Anh, Php, c, , Nht
Bn, Ty Ban Nha, Sc, Nga, B o Nha.

11

Yu cu h thng ti thiu i vi my khi ci Geomagic Studio 12 nh sau:

- H iu hnh: Win8 (32 bit v 64 bit), Win7 (32 bit v 64 bit), Win Vista SP1
(32 bit v 64 bit), XP SP3 (32 bit v 64 bit)
- Windows .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 and .NET 4.0
- Hin th: phn gii ti thiu 1024x1280, hin th mu 24-bit.
- CPU : Intel tng thch 2 GHz hoc tt hn / Dual hoc Quad li 2 CPU GHz.
- B nh: Cc h thng 32-bit: ti thiu 2 GB, cc h thng 64-bit: ti thiu 8GB.
2.2. Giao din phn mm Geomagic Studio 2012
Lc khi ng, giao din ca phm mm c th hin trn hnh 2.1. Bao gm
cc phn nh sau:

Hnh 2.1 Giao din khi ng phn mm Geomagic Studio 2012.

2.3. Nt Geomagic

12

Nt Geomagic cung cp quyn truy cp vo mt s lnh c bn, chng hn nh

to file mi, m file sn c, lu file (hnh 2.2). N cng cho php ngi dng truy cp
vo phn mm v ng k s dng phn mm qua internet, ci t tu bin v cc ty
chn ng dng.

Hnh 2.2.Cc lnh trong nt Geomagic.

2.4. Thanh cng c
Tu theo mi trng /trng thi lm vic m thanh cng c ca Geometric Studio
bao gm cc th khc nhau.
- Mi trng khi ng thanh cng c gm cc th

nh View, Tools,

Features Mi th li gm nhiu nhm lnh. Chng hn th Tools c cc nhm lnh

nh Create, Modify v Move...

Hnh 2.3. Thanh cng c v dy th lnh khi khi ng Geomagic

- Mi trng khi thao tc vi im, thanh cng c xut hin thm th Curves v
th Point.

13

Hnh 2.4. Thanh cng c khi thao tc vi im

- Mi trng khi thao tc vi a gic, thanh cng c xut hin thm cc th nh
Parametric Surfaces, Exact Surfaces.

Hnh 2.5. Thanh cng c khi thao tc vi a gic

2.5. Vng Panels
L khu vc qun l, lit k cc thng tin ca i tng. N gm cc nhm
sau:
a. Model Manager
Qun l cc i tng theo trnh t thi gian tin hnh thao tc trong cc ch
khc nhau. Mt s cc loi i tng t khi bt u thao tc n khi xut ra khi phn
mm ph bin nh :
i tng trc khi x l
i tng sau khi x l im
i tng a gic
i tng c b mt chnh xc
i tng sau khi tham s ha b mt
i tng xut sang CAD
i tng tiu chun ton cu

14

Ni chung, cc i tng c chn

trong Model Manager l cc i tng
c hin th trong mn hnh ha.
Ngoi ra khi nhp chut phi vo vng
Model Manager s xut hin mt menu lnh.
Cc lnh ny c dng thao tc vi cc
i tng trong vng Model Manager nh
n/hin i tng, xa i tng, to mt
nhm i tng
Hnh 2.6. Mennu chut phi trong Model Manager
b. Display
Qun l cc cng c iu khin khu vc ha. N bao gm cc ca s lnh:
General:
Ca s General cha cc lnh dng iu khin hin th trong mn hnh ha
nh gc ta , trc ta , hp khung dy bao i tng, quan st ct i tng, lm
m i tng

Hnh 2.7

15

Geometry Display:
Ca s Geometry Display cha cc lnh dng bt tt cc hin th hnh hc nh
im, cnh, l, mt phn cch, ng binngoi ra cn c ca s m rng cha cc
lnh m gc ta trn i tng, tt chc nng chiu sng

Hnh 2.8
Lighting:
Ca s Lighting cha cc lnh hiu chnh sng ti, bng, ngun sng m
phng

Hnh 2.9
Overlay:
Ca s Overlay iu chnh cc thng tin v i tng c hin th trong mn
hnh ha, nh hin th ta ca cc cc tr, hin th bn thng k s im s cnh
s a gic, b nh lu tr

16

Hnh 2.10
c. Dialog:
Ca s Dialog xut hin theo mi lnh khc nhau, cha cc thng tin iu chnh
chc nng ca tng lnh trong Geomagic. Phn ln cc lnh c thc hin thng qua
ca s ny .
2.6. Mn hnh ha
Mn hnh ha dng hin th ha v i tng thao tc. Ngoi ra trn
mn hnh ha cn hin th h to v bng Overlay cng thanh cng c bn phi,
cc thanh chc nng khi ng ca s ha

Hnh 2.11.Mn hnh ha ca Geomagic

17

Trong ca s ha, khi nhp phi chut th hin ra menu hnh. Menu ny cha
cc lnh chc nng i vi i tng nh xa, thit lp hnh hc, cc lnh quan st i
tng, nhm lnh iu chnh tm quay i tng, nhm lnh chn thao tc i tng.

Hnh 2.12. Menu chut phi trong mn hnh ha

2.7. Thanh cng c bn phi
2.7.1. Cc cng c h tr quan st
- Views Predefined
- Reset

- Shading

: Chn cc hng nhn c nh ngha sn.

: Khi phc li hng nhn ban u.

: Biu tng ny nm trn thanh cng c bn phi. Nhp vo

biu tng thay i gia Shading Smooth v FlatShading.

+ Smooth Shading: T bng mt.
+ Flat Shading: T bng phng.
- Toggle All Features

: c chc nng bt/tt kh nng hin th ca tt c cc

tnh nng trong ca s ha. Nt chut tri nhp vo biu tng nhiu ln xem/n
cc i tng.

18

2.7.2. Cc cng c la chn

- Select Visible

: C chc nng qun l lp.

: C chc nng chn theo khu vc.

- Rectangle Selection Tool:

- Cc cng c Line

, Paint Brush

, v Lasso

l cc cng c thao

tc la chn theo cc kiu khc nhau nh kiu k ng thng,kiu dng paint, kiu
ng trn
: To vng la chn di dng a gic.

- Polyline Selection Tool

- Custom Region Selection Tool

: Dng la chn theo khu vc c hnh

dng xc nh qua ng ranh gii.

2.8. Mt s lnh v ng dng ca chng.
2.8.1. Nhm lnh View

Hnh 2.13.
- Color

: Thit lp mu sc .

- Hide

: n i tng trong mn hnh ha.

- Show

: Hin th cc i tng trong mn hnh ha.

- View

: Lnh dng quan st i tng,theo cc gc khc nhau.

- Flat/Smooth Shading

: Lnh dng tng mn v mt trn i tng.

- Parallel/Perspective Projection
i tng.

: Lnh chiu phi cnh/chiu song song

19

: Lnh khi phc trng hin th ban u ca i tng trong mn

- Reset
hnh ha.

: Lnh nhn i tng theo hng cc mt phng nh

- Predefined Views
sn.

: Lnh quan st i tng theo mt phng ngi dng

- User Defined Views

to ra.
- Normal To

: Lnh iu chnh gc nhn vo ton b i tng.

: Lnh thay i tm xoay i tng trong mn hnh

- Center Rotation
ha.

: Lnh to ra 1 khu vc quan st ton b i tng trn

- Fit Model to View

mn hnh ha.
- Zoom

: Ty chn phng to thu nh i tng.

- Panel Visibility

: Lnh iu chnh mn hnh hin th cc ng dng ca

Model Manager.
: Lnh khi phc cc b tr mc nh phn mm.

- Resetting the Layout

2.8.2. Nhm lnh Select

Hnh 2.14.
- Select By Curvature

: Lnh chn cc a gic nm trong cc vng c

cong cho trc.

- Select Boundaries

: Lnh chn mt hoc nhiu ranh gii t nhin trn mt

i tng im hoc mt i tng a gic.

20

: Lnh ny lm tng phn ko di ca mt la chn

- Select Components
hin c.
- Select By

: Cung cp phng php la chn b sung cho cc thuc tnh hnh

- Expand

: Lnh tng kch c ca mt la chn sn c.

hc.

- Shrink

: Lnh gim kch c ca mt la chn sn c.

- Select Visible Only

: Cng c la chn cc b mt CAD v cc a gic

c nhn thy trong vng ho.

- Select By Angle

: Cng c la chn tiu chun trong ch gc . Cng c

la chn m rng s la chn bao gm tt c cc a gic lin tip nhau c chung

cc cnh hp vi mt gc tng i b.
- Select Backfaces

: To la chn theo kiu Select visible only v Select

Through bao gm cc im, a gic, v b mt CAD c mt sau nhn thy c i

vi ngi dng.
2.8.3. Nhm lnh Tools

Hnh 2.15.
- Capture

: Lu nhanh hnh nh ca ton b ca s ng dng Geomagic vo

mt tp tin ngi dng ch nh.

- Snapshot

: Lu nhanh hnh nh ca mn hnh ha vo mt tp tin do

ngi dng ch nh.

- New Object
- Units Models

: Lnh to ra cc i tng mi trong Model Manager.

: Chuyn i cc n v o lng.

21

- Scale Model: Gim hoc phng to i tng.

- Mirror Model : To i xng.
- Transform

: Lnh chnh sa, ti, v lu mt ma trn chuyn i ca i

tng.
- Object Mover

: Di chuyn v quay i tng bng cch iu khin bng

tay.
- Reorient Model: Thit lp v tr hin ti ca i tng trong h thng ta
ton cc.
- Reset Model: Khi phc v tr gc ca i tng trong h ta ton cc.
- Move: Lnh cho php iu chnh v tr cc i tng trong khng gian.
- Edit Colors: Lnh m thay i mu sc ca khu vc c la chn .
- Adjust Colors: Lnh sa i mu sc ca khu vc c la chn.
- Remove: Lnh loi b cc thng tin mu sc t cc khu vc c la chn.
- Record

: Ghi li tt cc hnh ng ca ngi s dng.

- Play Macro

: Lnh s dng Macro theo cc mc nh thc hin ca ngi

dng .
- Stop

: Dng ghi cc hnh ng ca ngi dng v lu chng vo mt

macro.
Enable Macro server : M Macro t cc ng dng bn ngoi.
2.8.4. Nhm lnh Aligments

Hnh 2.16.

22

- Manual Registration

: Lnh to i tng bng cch to lin kt gia cc

file qut i tng.

: Lnh to ti to hon chnh lin kt ca i tng

- Global Registration
theo tiu chun.

: Lnh pht hin trung tm hnh cu v to ra cc

- Detect Sphere Targets

tnh nng im s dng vi mc tiu lin kt.

- Target Registration

: To i tng bng cc to lin kt da trn cc mc

tiu hnh hc trn cc file qut i tng.

- Target Cleanup

: Lnh loi b mc tiu lin kt Target.

: Lnh chc nng t ng tnh ton hon thin cc lin

- Best Fit Alignment

kt t hai hay nhiu cc i tng.

: Di chuyn mt hoc nhiu i tng chia s khng

- RPS Alignment

gian vt l cc cp im tham chiu.

- Feature-Based Alignment

: Gn hai i tng bng cch ghp ni cc tnh

nng tng ng gia chng.

- Align To World: Gn cc i tng ca mt i tng vo cc mt phng,
trc, cc i tng, hay gc ca i tng World.
2.8.5. Nhm lnh Analysis

Hnh 2.17.
- Deviation

: To bn c m ha mu 3D cho thy s khc bit gia i

tng la chn vi i tng c chn ta danh sch ko xung trong hp thoi.

- Edit Spectrums

: Lnh qun l cc i tng ph lch v ph cong.

23

: Lnh o khong cch ngn nht gia hai im trn mt i

- Distance
tng.

: Lnh tnh ton trng tm v din tch.

- Compute

: Bo co ta XYZ im la chn bng tay v xut

- Point Coordinates
chng vo mt tp tin vn bn.

2.8.6. Nhm lnh Features

Hnh 2.18.
- Detect Features

: Xc nh tt c cc i tng hnh hc c trn chi tit v

t tn cho mi loi.
- Line

: Xc nh ng thng.
: Xc nh hnh trn.

- Circle

: Xc nh hnh Oval.

- Oval Slot

- Rectangular Slot
- Rounded Slot
- Line Target

: Xc nh ng tip tuyn.

: Xc nh mt hnh cu.

- Sphere

: Xc nh mt hnh nn.

- Cylinder
- Plane

: Xc nh vnh trn.

: Xc nh mt im.

- Point

- Cone

: Xc nh hnh ch nht.

: Xc nh mt hnh Cylinder.
: Xc nh mt mt phng.

24

: Lnh t ng to ra tnh nng vi i tng ph cho

- All Circles and Slots

mi vng trn, hnh bu dc, hnh ch nht, v vnh trn trn mt i tng CAD.
: Sa tnh nng trn i tng.

- Edit Features

- Copy Features: Lnh gip copy cc tnh nng t mt i tng ny sang i

tng khc.
- Convert: Cc lnh chuyn i i tng tnh nng vi cc loi i tng khc.
- Modify Mesh: Cng c chnh sa li a gic.
: Chuyn ch hin th tt c cc tnh nng trong lnh

- Feature Visibility
vc ha.

: Bng tnh nng 3D trong mn hnh ha.

- Feature Display

- Parametric Exchange

: Lnh cho php trao i cc thc th tham s gia

mt ng dng Geomagic v mt gi phn mm h tr CAD.

2.8.7. Nhm lnh Capture

Hnh 2.19.
- Manage Transform

: Cho php xem v chnh sa cc ma trn chuyn i

p dng khi qut.

- Temperature Compensation

: Lnh cho php ly t l d liu qut da trn

mt vt liu c th hoc nhit chi tit c th.

- Orient To World
- Move Device

: Thit lp nh hng chnh u d t h ta .

: Cho php nh v tr mt thit b phn cng c di

chuyn trong khi vn gi s lin kt cng hin ti.

- Scanning

: Lnh gip m chc nng qut (plug-in).

25

- Probing Points
- Probing Sections

: Lnh ghi chp d liu cc im.

: Thm d im theo tng mt phng ct, hoc tng phn

ca i tng.
- Editing Features

: Lnh sa cc tnh nng thm d.

: iu khin h thng ta , nu c s c hin th trn th

- Display
ha.

- Using Plug-In Options

: Cung cp quyn truy cp vo thit lp cu hnh v

ty chn cho plug-in.

- Using Voice Commands

: Lnh gip xy dng trong h thng nhn dng

ging ni n tnh nng hat ng thm d v lnh o lng.

2.8.8. Nhm lnh Points

Hnh 2.20.
- Uniform

: Gim s lng cc im trn b mt phng v b mt cong.

- Curvature

: Gim s lng cc im trong cc khu vc bng phng.

- Grid

: Gim s im trong mt i tng im khng c th t bng cch

to ra mt tp hp cc im cch u nhau (to li), bt k cong v mt ban

u.
- Random

: Loi b ngu nhin t l phn trm ca cc im t mt i tng

im khng c th t.
- Crop

: Xo tt c cc im t i tng ngoi tr khu vc c la

chn.
- Delete

: Xa tt c cc im c la chn t cc i tng.

26

- Select

: Lnh cho php chn la th t im da trn cc thut ton hnh

hc.
- Reduce Noise

: Lnh gip sa li my qut (nhiu). Kt qu l mt s sp

xp im mn hn.
- Shading

: Lnh bt, tt, thao tc vi chc nng nh sng hoc mu sc ca

i tng im.
: Lnh to vng d liu gc trong hoc ngoi cch

- Filtering By Distance

i tng mt khong cch nht nh t v tr ngi dng nh gc h ta .

- Filling Holes

: Lnh chn im vo khong trng trn b mt ca mt i

tng im.
- Adding Points: Lnh thm im c nhn trong i tng im.
- Fit: Lnh di chuyn mt khu vc ca i tng im vo mt khu vc hnh
hc.
- Combine Point Objects

: To ra mt i tng im duy nht t hai hoc

nhiu i tng im.

- Merge

: Hp hai hoc nhiu i tng im thnh mt i tng duy nht.

- Wrap

: Chuyn i mt i tng im vo mt i tng a gic bng

cch chuyn i cc m my im li.

2.8.9. Nhm lnh Polygons

Hnh 2.21.
- Deleting Polygons
tng.

: Loi b tt c cc a gic c la chn t cc i

27

: T ng sa cha nhng khim khuyt trong mt khi a

- Mesh Doctor
gic.

: Gim s lng cc hnh tam gic m khng nh hng chi tit

- Decimate
b mt hoc mu sc.

: Lnh ct i tng qua cc mt ct.

- Trimming an Object
- Manifold

: Lnh xa cc li tam gic l mt trong c lin kt trn c

ba bn, hoc hai bn nu dng trn mt cnh.

- Defeaturing an Object

: Lnh xa cc phn sc ca li a gic v in

cc l hng trn li a gic.

- ReMesh

: Lnh to ra mt khi a gic ph ng u b mt i tng

hn.
- Optimizing Edges

: Phc hi cc cnh ca li a gic trn b mt i

tng.
- Enhancing a Mesh for Surfacing

: Lnh to li cho cc b mt bng cch

b tr li cc im trong khu vc phng v thm nhiu im n cc khu vc cong m

khng b mt hnh dng.
- Relax

: Lm mm mn mt khi a gic bng cch gim thiu gc gia a

gic.
- Removing Spikes

: Xa v san phng im gai n trn mt khi a gic.

- Reducing Model Noise

: B cho li my qut do nhiu. Nhiu c th gy ra

vn nh cnh sc tr nn m i v b mt mn tr nn th.
- Using QuickSmooth

: Lm mn mt khi a gic (hoc mt phn c

chn) v lm cho hnh tam gic c kch thc ng u hn.

- Using Sandpaper
- Fill All

: Lm mn mt khi a gic vi mt cng c bng tay.

: in vo tt c cc l trn li a gic ca i tng.

28

- Fill Single

: in vo tng l hoc l m bn la chn trn li a gic

ca i tng.
- Merging Polygon Objects

: Kt hp hai hoc nhiu i tng a gic c

chn vo mt i tng hn hp duy nht.

- Patch

: Kt hp im hin ti hoc m hnh a gic vo mt m hnh a

gic, trong khi ty chn lm bin dng n ph hp hn.

- Combining Polygon Objects

: To ra mt i tng a gic duy nht t hai

hoc nhiu i tng a gic ang hat ng.

- Boolean

: To ra mt i tng mi l mt nhm hoc giaonhau hoc

hai i tng ang hat ng, hoc mt i tng tr giao ca n vi i tng khc.
- Average

: To mt i tng a gic mi l trung bnh ca hai hoc nhiu

hn i tng gc.
- Modifying Boundaries

: Lnh thay i ranh gii trn cc i tng a

gic.
- Creating Boundaries: Lnh to ra ranh gii trn cc i tng a gic.
- Moving Boundaries: Lnh di chuyn ranh gii hin ti.
- Removing Boundaries: Lnh loi b ranh gii khng t nhin.
2.8.10. Nhm lnh Cuvres

Hnh 2.22.
- Create by Section

: To ra cc ng mt ct trn i tng t x l.

- Create From Boundary

: To mt i tng ng cong t mt hoc

nhiu ng ranh gii trn mt i tng a gic.

29

- Refit

: Chuyn i mt ng cong Spline thnh ng bao gm cung trn

v on thng c th chnh sa c.
: Chnh sa b cc ng cong bng cch to ra cc ng

- Edit Sketch

thng, cung v vng trn mi, hoc chnh sa cc i tng hin c.

: Lnh phn tch ha v mt phn tch ton hc ca mt i

- Analyze
tng ng cong.
- Delete

: Xa phn khc c la chn.

: Hp nht hai hoc nhiu ng cong i tng vo mt ng

- Merge

cong i tng v xa bn gc t Model Manager.

: Chiu cc ng cong trn i tng ny ln b mt mt i

- Project

tng a gic to ng cong chiu.

- Create points

: To ra mt i tng im mi ca ngi dng ch nh t

cc ng cong i tng ang kch hot.

- Draw

: Cho php chnh sa v thao tc cc ng cong trn mt im hoc

i tng a gic.
: To cc ng cong d kin t cc gc ca i tng.

- Extract
- Resample

: Lnh gip thay i s nh ca mt ng cong c la

chn.
- Delete

: Loi b tt c cc ng cong d kin t i tng.

- Convert to
cong t do.

: Lnh chuyn i ng cong chiu thnh cc ng

30

2.8.11. Nhm lnh Exact Surfaces

Hnh 2.23.
: Lnh dng phn chia cc khu vc i tng.

- Detect Contours

: Lnh sa i cc ng cong.

- Edit contours

Subdivide or Extend

: Lnh gip to v sa cha ng vin ca cc bn v

li, m rng cc khu vc.

- Remove

: Loi b cc ng vin phn tch cc khu vc.

- Construct Patches

: Lnh kim tra b tr v v sa cha cc bn v.

- Repair Paches
- Shuffle
- Relax

: Lnh to cc bn v trn i tng.

: Lnh gip sp xp li v chnh sa cc bn v.

: Lm mn mt ng vin .

- Zip Patch Layers

: Lnh loi b hoc chia nh ton b mt hng ca cc

bn v li.
- Remove

: Lnh loi b thng tin bn v t cc i tng hat ng.

- Construct Grids

: To ra mt li trn i tng.

- Clear : Lnh xa ng nt v im.

- Remove

: Lnh loi b li t i tng.

- Fit Surfaces
- Merge Surfaces

: To ra mt b mt NURBS trn i tng.

: Kt hp v tch b mt NURBS trn mt i tng.

31

- Edit : Lnh sa i mt b mt NUBRS.

- Convert : Lnh chuyn i b mt NUBRS cc i tng khc.
- Remove

: Lnh loi b NUBRS b mt t cc i tng hat ng.

2.8.12. Nhm lnh Parametric Surfaces

Hnh 2.24.
- Prametric surfacing

: Lnh chun b i tng a gic cho qu trnh

chuyn i i tng t giai on a gic sang giai on b mt tham s.

- Detecting Regions

: Lnh t cc i tng phn cch mu gia cc

vng ging nhau v hnh dng hnh hc, cho php iu chnh cc i tng phn cch
v t cc ng vin mu vng bn trong cc i tng phn cch ny.
: Lnh b sung, sa i, v loi b cc ng bin trn

- Editing Contours
cc b mt b mt.
- Classifying Regions

: Lnh xc nh, phn loi b mt ca cc khu vc

c la chn.
- Editing Regions

: Lnh ch nh cc phn ca mt khu vc cn b qua bi

qu trnh chnh khp.

- Fit Surfaces

: Lnh to b mt tham s trn cc khu vc c la chn

theo cch phn loi cc b mt hnh hc ca phn mm.

- Editing Surfaces
- Editing Sketches

: Thay i s ph hp ca mt b mt.
: Chnh sa trc tip cc ng cong bng cch to ra

ng mi, cung v vng trn, hoc chnh sa cc i tng hin c.

32

: Sa ng cong 2D c dng cho cc lnh

- Refitting Sketches

Extrude, Revolve, Loft hoc Sweep.

: Lnh rng buc b mt khi thu lm khp chia s

- Constraining

hng, tm, bn knh, hoc gc cho mt b mt c lm khp hoc ng trc hoc

i tng 3D c lin quan.
- Removing Surfaces and Resetting Parameters

: Lnh loi b cc b mt

c lm khp trong khi vn duy tr s phn loi ca cc khu vc.

: Lnh to ra b mt tham s trong cc khong trng

- Fitting Connections

gia cc b mt lm khp theo phn loi cc kt ni.

: Lnh xc nh cc loi kt ni b mt chn.

- Classifying Connection
- Editing Connections

: Lnh chnh sa mt kt ni ph hp b mt hoc

gc la chn v b mt hoc gc to ra.

: Lnh loi b b mt kt ni.

- Removing Connections
- Deviation

: To bn c m ha mu 3D cho thy khc bit gia b

mt lm khp v li a gic nm bn di.

: Lnh xc nh cc vn trong cc b mt lm

- Repairing Surfaces

khp v cung cp cc cng c sa cha.

- Trim and Stitch

: Lnh to ra mt i tng nh dng CAD c th c

xut sang mt s phn mm CAD.

- Parametric Exchange
Studio v cc phn mm CAD.

: Lnh chuyn i cc tham s gia Geomagic

33

CHNG 3:NG DNG PHN MM GEOMAGIC STUDIO XY

DNG VT TH
3.1. M u
c th ng dng phn mm Geomagic vo cng vic xy dng i tng ta
phi lm quen v c chin thut khi thao tc vi cc lnh. Trong chng ny s a ra
mt s v d minh ha v mt s lnh khi thao tc vi tng i tng. Cc lnh c
thc hin theo trnh t nht nh, ty vo tng cch m mi ngi thao tc, di y l
nhng v d c thc hin trong chng ny:
Xy dng i tng b mt tham s.
Xy dng i tng b mt NURBS.
Xy dng i tng b mt chnh xc.
Xy dng i tng thng qua lnh AutoSurfaces.
Xy dng ci thin cht lng i tng giai on a gic.
Xy dng i tng trn mt s lnh Offset.
3.2. Xy dng i tng b mt tham s.
3.2.1. Gii thiu
Trn hnh 3.1 l chi tit bt ch. File BobPointPhase.wrp l file m my im
ca chi tit ny s c s dng minh ho cho vic s dng cc lnh Capture,
Wrap, Shape, v Parametric Surfaces xy dng vt th. File ny c ly t trang
web chnh thc ca Geomagic http://www.geomagic.com.

Hnh 3.1: Chi tit bt ch

34

3.2.2. Cc bc thao tc
3.2.2.1. Pha im v pha a gic
Bc 1. M file
Chn Application Button> Open ri truy n th mc cha file
BobPointPhase.wrp m file. i tng ny c hai phn: Phn di (Bob 1) v phn
trn (Bob 2).

Hinh 3.2 : D liu im ban u.

Bc 2: Lm ni bt Bob1 trong Model Manager.

Hnh 3.3.
Nhp chut vo Points>Wrap trn thanh cng c giai on a gic . Chp nhn
gi tr mc nh, nhng khng nh du vo dng Keep Original Data trn ca s
Wrap, v nhn OK.
Bc 3: Lp li bc 2 cho Bob2.
Thc hin tng t nh bc 2. Kt qu l c hai phn ca i tng c
chuyn n cc i tng a gic. Ta thy rng trong Model Manager hin gi cha

35

cc i tng a gic thay v i tng im (Cc i tng chuyn t "pha im "

vo "pha a gic").

Hnh 3.4.
Bc 4: Loi b phn d liu d.
Ch rng Bob1 c cha d liu d (mt phn ca chi tit d ra trong lc qut
thu thp d liu). Phn d ny cn c loi b.
- Chn Lasso Tool

t menu bn phi.

- Tip n, chn Select Through

t menu bn phi hoc nhn t hp phm

Ctrl + G. S dng cng c la chn Lasso chn khu vc d liu d (mu ) v

bm phm Delete. Quan st nh trong hnh 3.5.

Hnh 3.5.
Bc 5: Hp Bob1 v Bob2 thnh mt i tng duy nht.
Nhn chn c hai Bob1 v Bob2 trong Model Manager c hai c nh du
cng mt lc.
Nhn Aligment>Manual Registration t thanh cng c.
Trong nhm Mode, chn 1-Point Registration.

36

Trong min Fixed, chn Bob1 lm phn c nh. Trong min Floating, chn
Bob2 lm phn tri. Quan st nh hnh 3.6.

Hnh 3.6
Xoay c hai i tng nh trong hnh 3.7 sao cho chng c nh hng tng t.
Bm vo mt im trn i tng c nh. Bm vo mt im trn i tng tri
nm di cng v tr l mt trong cc nhp trn cc i tng c nh.

Hnh 3.7.
Ngay lp tc, ca s hin th i tng c nh v ni sau khi chng c ghp
li ti vo thi im c nhp. Quan st nh hnh 3.8.

37

Chn vo Register chp nhn s lin kt. Nhn OK.

Ch : Bob1 v Bob2 c xp vo thnh 1 nhm trong cc Model
Manager.

Hnh 3.8. i tng hnh thnh sau khi thc hin lnh Aligment
Bc 6: Chuyn i cc na ghp vo mt i tng a gic.
Lm ni bt Group1 trong Model Manager, chn Polygons>Merge

dy Tabs. nh du vo Global Registration, s gip "tinh chnh" li hon thin vic

lp ghp. Nhn OK.
Kt qu ca vic thc hin cc lnh trc to ra mt i tng tn Merged.
Nhp chut phi vo tn trong Model Manager v chn Rename. Sa tn file thnh
PlumbBob v nhn Enter.
Bc 7: V l hng trong cc li a gic.

Hin ti vn cn hai l hng trong cc li a gic.Nhp Fill All

xy

dng mt khi a gic v li ci l hng .

Chn loi in Flat Fill
trong hnh 3.9.

, nhn Apply v sau nhp vo OK. Kt qu nh

38

Hnh 3.9. in l hay v i tng

Bc 8: Loi b l phn cui ca i tng.
Pha cui ca i tng c mt l. Gi s ta khng cn l ny. Khi c th thc
hin mt k thut loi b mt l v thay th n bng mt mt phng.
Trc tin nh hng i tng nh trong hnh 3.10. Chn cng c Custom
Region Tool

t thanh cng c bn phi (hoc s dng phm tt Ctrl + U). Nhp

vo mt lot cc im xung quanh l nh trn hnh 3.10, v nhn thanh Space t

ng hon tt vng trn khi gn hon thnh.

Hnh.3.10.Chn vng loi b bng cng c Custom Region Tool

Khu vc sau c la chn sau khi kt thc lnh bao gm tt c cc a gic bn
trong cc l c mu nh trn hnh 3.11.

Hnh 3.11.Khu vc c chn. Hnh 3.12.Xa khu vc va chn.

Nhn Delete. a gic c chn s bin mt nh trong hnh 3.12.
Bc tip theo l in vo trong l va to. Nhp Fill All xy dng mt
khi a gic ni l tn ti. Chn loi Flat Fill, nhn Apply ri nhn OK.

39

Hnh.3.13.V li l va to.
Bc 9: Ti u ha li a gic.
Trc khi chuyn sang to mt tham s, lun lun nn s dng Mesh Doctor
. N gip ti u ha li a gic.
Nhn vo Polygons>Mesh Doctor trn thanh cng c. Chp nhn gi tr mc
nh, nhn Apply sa cha bt k li no, v sau nhn OK.
3.2.2.2. Giai on to mt tham s
Bc 10. Chn Parametric Surfaces > Start Parametric Surfacing
pha bn tri ca thanh cng c.
Bc 11: Ghp cc vng
Bm vo Detect Regions. Chp nhn gi tr mc nh v nhn Compute. Mc
ch l to ra mt dy cc khu vc c tch mu trn cc khu vc c cong
tng i cao, v do "phn khc" i tng vo mt tp hp cc khu vc tng i
bng phng. Quan st nh trong hnh 3.14.

Hnh 3.14.

40

Ch : Vi cc thit lp mc nh, mt s nhng ng nt khng c nhn

thy, ta nn thit lp Curvature Sensitivity ln n 75, thit lp Minimum Area
thit lp thp nht (0,26) khc phc. Nhp vo li Compute.
Cc khu vc c to thnh khi thc hin lnh Detect Regions thng c th
c ci thin bng tay. Trong trng hp ny nhn thy mt khu vc phng nhng
v tnh b cng nhn l hai mt phng lin k. Quan st hnh 3.15.

Hnh 3.15.
Nhn vo biu tng Merge Regions

trong nhm Editing. Nhp chn vo

trong mt trong hai mt phng, ko qua cc du phn cch mu , v th chut. Hai

khu vc tr thnh mt.
Lu : Nu mun kt hp phn khc th biu tng Merge Regions phi c
nhp vo mi ln khi kt hp.
Bc 12: Loi b mt s di phn cch.
Quan st cc cnh vt ta thy chng b tch thnh su khu vc ring bit. sa
chng thnh 1 khu vc vt chng ta gi phm CTRL v s dng cng c Paintbrush
loi b mt s cc di phn cch nh trong hnh di y. Nu xa nhm, s
dng t hp phm CTRL + Z tr li hoc v li chng vi cc cng c Paintbrush
. Quan st nh trong hnh 3.16 v 3.17.

41

Hnh 3.16

Hnh 3.17

Hnh 3.18

Lp li k thut tham gia tt c cc vng vt thnh mt khu vc vt duy

nht nh trong hnh 3.18.
Di phn Contours trong hp thoi, nhp vo Extract. Cc khu vc hin nay
c xc nh r rt. Nhn OK.
Ch : Cc khu vc thay i mu sc cho thy vic phn loi cc khu vc.
Bc 13. Hiu chnh bin dng cc vng.
Nhp chut vo Edit Contours. i vi m hnh ny, nhng ng nt khng
cn phi c chnh sa, nh du vo Curvature Map, bc ny s gip c mt
ci nhn su hn v cc ng Contour lines. m bo rng chng c cong
thch hp nn nhp vo nt Check Problems phn mm s kim tra bt k vn no
ca ng Contour lines. Nu khng c vn nhn OK. Quan st hnh 3.19.

Hnh 3.19.

Hnh 3.20

42

Bc 14: Phn loi vng.

Trn chi tit c th c nhiu dng b mt khc nhau v d nh cc mt phng,
mt tr, mt t do,... Khi s dng chc nng phn loi t ng th c th xy ra li
nh dng hnh dng ca mt khu vc. Trong hnh 3.20 phn mm cho rng khu vc
mu hng l mt dng t do v cc d liu c bn th.
Nhp chn vo khu vc mu hng nh trong hnh 3.20. Nhp chn Classify
Regions>Plane.

Hnh 3.21
Khu vc by gi s c chuyn thnh mu xanh l cy nh cc phn cn li ca
mt phng trn i tng.
Lp li hnh ng ny cho cc cnh vt v u ca i tng , s dng mt hnh
nn v cnh vt. Quan st nh trong hnh 3.22.

Hnh 3.22.

43

Mi khu vc hin ang c xc nh mt cch chnh xc mt hnh dng hnh

hc c bn, do , bc tip theo l tnh ton mt b mt hnh hc hon ho cho mi
hnh dng hnh hc.
Bc15: Lp v sa cc mt.
n Ctrl + A lm ni bt tt c cc khu vc chnh. Bm Fit Surfaces v sau
nhp vo Apply p dng cc b mt cho mi khu vc nh trong hnh 3.23.
Ch : Mu xanh cho thy b mt lp tt. Cam (cnh bo) v (li) b mt mu
ch ra vn lp cc vng.
Tt c cc khu vc tr u mi s khp nh mong i. Ch mu cam u i
tng.

Hnh 3.23.
Trong ca s Fit Surface, kch chn Error Labels thuc nhm Diagnostics nh
trong hnh 3.24 . Cnh bo xut hin y l ranh gii lch cao. Ti thi im ny c
th chn chp nhn cc b mt cnh bo xut bng cch nhn Accept (trong
trng hp ny n s chuyn sang mu xanh), hoc c th chnh sa thng tin ca b
mt.

44

Hnh 3.24.
Nhn OK. Mt thng bo s xut hin cho thy rng nhng cnh bo duy tr v
sa cha b mt c th c s dng c hng dn thm. Nhn OK.
Bm vo Repair Surfaces. M rng nhm cnh bo High Boundary Deviation
v nhp chut vo tn ca b mt. Mt sai lch mu sc s xut hin. Nhp vo nt
Whats Wrong. Mt ca s s xut hin cho thy vn l g vi b mt v xut
cch sa cha n. Trong trng hp ny, chp nhn xut b mt bng cch nhn
Accept. Nhn OK.
Bc 16: Phn loi bin kt ni cc mt v hiu chnh ng bin.
Nhn Classify Connections>Constant Radius phn cc vng c bn knh
khng i, lm cho chng c mu xanh. Thit lp phn cn li ca cc bin kt ni
dng t do (Freeform), c mu vng. Quan st nh trong hnh 3.25.

Hnh 3.25.

45

Nhn phm Ctrl + A nh du tt c cc kt ni v bm vo Fit Connections.

Nhn Apply.
Xut hin bo li cc ng cong xn giao nhau nh trn hnh 3.26. Nhn OK.

Hnh 3.26
Trong trng hp ny, cc ng kt ni ny cn phi c iu chnh chng
khng giao nhau. Bm vo Repair Surfaces. Nhp chut vo tn ca cc li kt ni v
bm vo Fix.
Chnh sa Edit Boundaries v phng to cc vn khu vc. Nhn v ko ng
bin gii chng khng an cho nhau nh trong hnh 3.27 di y. Nhn Apply
ri chn Done. Nhn OK kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.27.

46

Bc 17: Hon thin b mt CAD.

Nhn chn vo Trim and Stitch. y l bc chuyn i b mt to thnh
mt CAD. Cc loi i tng CAD c to ra bao gm:
- Stitched Object l mt i tng mt kn nc (khng c l hng).
- Untrimmed Primaries l mt tp hp cc b mt c s cha xn.
- Trimmed Primaries l mt tp hp cc b mt c s xn.

Hnh 3.28.
Chn nt Stitched Object, v nhn nt Apply. Nhn OK. iu ny to ra mt
i tng CAD trong Model Manager.
Lu : PlumBob - Stitched Model tn ti trong Model Manager. xut n
sang mt gi phn mm CAD khc th nhn chn n ri nhp chut phi v chn
Save. Sau thit lp Save As Type sang dng file .IGES hay .STEP..nh trong hnh
3.29.

Hnh 3.29.

47

3.3. Xy dng i tng b mt NURBS.

3.3.1. Gii thiu.
Trn hnh 3.1 l chi tit khun dp. File Forging-Scan-Points.wrp l file m
my im ca chi tit ny s c s dng minh ho cho vic s dng cc lnh giai
on in, a gic v Exact Surfaces xy dng vt th. File ny c ly t trang
web chnh thc ca Geomagic http://www.geomagic.com.

Hnh 3.30 Chi tit khun dp.

3.3.2. Cc bc thao tc.
Bc 1: M file
Chn Application Button > Open ri truy n th mc cha file

Forging-

Scan-Points.wrp. y l d liu qut laze ta s tin hnh thao tc hon chnh i

tng theo cc lnh qua cc giai on im, a gic, b mt.
Bc 2: Gim nhiu trn i tng.
Nhn vo Reduce Noise

t thanh cng c giai on im.

Ca s Dialog hin ra. Trong Parameters nhp chn Prismatic Shapes

(conservative), trong ca s Previews iu chnh Preview Points n 10000.

48

Hnh 3.31.
Nhp vo mn hnh ha chn khu vc cn quan st. Tip theo iu chnh
thanh Smoothness Level t None ln n Max. Quan st s khc bit nh trong hnh
3.32.

Hnh 3.32.
Nhp vo Selects Area trong Previews tt ch xem trc. Nhp chn
Apply p dng Smoothness Level trn ton i tng.
M ca s Display Deviations. Sau nhp OK kt thc lnh.
Bc 3: Chuyn i tng sang giai on a gic.
Nhp chn Wrap

trn thanh cng c giai on im. Chp nhn cc ty chn

ri nhp chn OK kt thc lnh.

Bc 4: V l hng trn cc li a gic.

49

Nhp chn Fill All

trn thanh cng c giai on a gic. Nhp chn Ignore

Complex Holes v Maximum Circumference trong ca s Hole Selection. Nhp

Apply ri nhp OK kt thc lnh.

Hinh 3.33.
Bc 5: Ct phn y ca i tng.
Nhp chn Trim With Plane

trn thanh cng c giai on a gic. Trong

ca s Align Plane chn Pick Boundary v iu chnh 0.289 in trong Position.

Hnh 3.34.
Nhp nt Intersect Plane> Delete Selection. Nhp vo OK kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.35.

50

Bc 6: Lm mn v iu chnh bng.
Nhp chn cng c Sandpaper

nhp chn Quick Smooth ri n OK kt

thc lnh.
Nhp chn Sharpening Wizard

t thanh cng c. Mc nh cc ty chn

trong ca s Dialog n chn Compute trong ca s Regions.

Nhp chn cng c Merge Regions
Lasso

trong ca s Editing v dng cng c

hp nht cc khu vc ca i tng.

n chn Extract trong ca s Curves. Nhp Next xut hin ca s hnh 3.36.

Hnh 3.36
Nhn tip Next xut hin ca s nh hnh 3.37

51

Hnh 3.37
Nhp Extend>Next xut hin ca s hnh 3.38 ty chn cc mc nh ri n
Next.

Hnh 3.38
Nhp vo Update Grid>Sharpen Polygons trong ca s hin ra trong nh trong
hnh 3.39.

Hnh 3.39.

52

Phng to nhn r sc nt ca cc cnh quan st nh trong hnh 3.40. Nhn

OK kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.40
Bc 7: Chuyn i tng qua giai on mt chnh xc.
Nhp chn Exact Surfacing

trn thanh cng c giai on chnh xc mt.

Chn OK chp nhn cc mc nh.

Nhp chn Detect Contours

ty chnh cc thng s. Nhp Compute

Regions quan st s thay i trn mn hnh ha.

S dng cng c Paintbrush

sa i cc khu vc. Quan st cc khu vc

sa nh trong hnh 3.41.

Hnh 3.41

53

Sau chn n Detect Extension Contours. iu chnh thanh trt Sensitivity

xung 1, thit lp Minimum Length n 0.6 in.
Nhn Extract thy cc ng bao quanh i tng. Nhn OK thot lnh.
Bc 8: To cc ng m rng.
Chn Subdivide/Extend Contours

trn thanh cng c. Thit lp cc thng

s lnh Length = 1.6 hoc Patch Count = 660.

Sau chn Extension>Extend. Nhn OK kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.42.
Bc 9: Xy dng chnh sa cc bn v.
Nhp chn Construct Patches

trn thanh cng c. Nhn OK kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.43.
Nhp chn Shuffle Panels

trn thanh cng c, lnh ny dng chnh sa cc

ng li trn cc khu vc mt phng, mt cong.

54

Hnh 3.44.
Bc 10: Xy dng b mt li trn i tng.
Nhp chn Construct Grids

iu chnh Resolution n 20 sau chn OK

kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.45.

Hnh 3.46.
Bc 11: Tt cc ng Sharp.
Nhp Specify Sharp Lines trn thanh cng c nhp chn Constrained sau
nhp OK kt thc lnh.

55

Bc 12: Ph b mt i tng.
Nhp chn Fit Surfaces

trn thanh cng c nhp chn Adaptive thit lp

thng s Max Control Points n 18, thay i Tolerance n .010 nhp chn
Evaluate Deviation. Nhn Apply > OK thc hin v kt thc lnh. Kt qu to
c chi tit nh trn hnh 3.47.

Hnh 3.47.

56

3.4. Xy dng i tng b mt chnh xc.

3.4.1. Gii thiu.
V d hng dn ca phn ny l tay nm ca trong file HandlePointPhase.wrp
.
hon thnh v d ny ta cn phi tri qua 3 cng on chnh :
Giai on thao tc trn im.
Giai on thao tc a gic.
Giai on x l b mt .
3.4.2. Pha im
Cc bc thao tc trn giai on im tng t nh trn v d 1.
- S dng cng c Alignment hp thnh lin kt i tng.
- Sau s dng cng c Combine Point Objects to ra mt i tng im
duy nht i din cho ca ton b x l
- S dng cng c Uniform Sample to ra mt m my im u dy c.
- Cui cng to mt i tng a gic bng cch s dng cng c Wrap.
- Giai on im hon tt. Cc i tng tr thnh mt i tng a gic.

Hnh 3.48: Trc v sau khi tri qua pha im.

57

3.4.3. Pha a gic

Cc bc thao tc trn giai on a gic tng t nh v d 1.
Ti giai on ny ta s dng cc cng c ln lt nh :
Fill Single v Fill All
Mesh Doctor

Defeature

Make Manifold
Cc i tng by gi l mt i tng a gic rt hon thin, c th sn sng
c a n nhng giai on b mt.

Hnh 3.49.
3.4.4. Giai on b mt chnh xc.
3.4.4.1. To b mt chnh xc vi vic ch trng khu vc cong.
Bc 1. Phn chia khu vc trn i tng.

58

Nhp chn vo Contours > Detect Contours.

Ca s lnh s hin ra nh trong hnh 3.50.
Nhn nt Compute. Cc khu vc s c t ng phn chia bng cc ng
ranh gii mu .
S dng cng c Paintbrush

thm (vi phm tri chut) v loi b (vi

CTRL + phm tri chut) cc phn cch gia cc khu vc.

Nhn Detect Extension Contours thit lp Sensitivity ln mc cao nht, v bm
nt Extract to ra cc ng cong mu da cam. Nhn OK thot lnh. Quan st
cc bc thao tc nh trong hnh 3.51.

Hnh 3.50

59

Hnh 3.51.
Bc 2. Chnh sa cc ng ng mc.
Nhp chut vo Edit Contours. Cc biu tng Operation s c kch hot.
Kim tra trong ca s Display nhp chn Curvature Map xem mt trc quan cc
khu vc cong.
S dng cng c Draw

nhp v ko cc im nt (nu cn thit) n trung

tm ca khu vc lm trn. Nhp vo nt Check Problems kim tra pht hin bt k

nt giao sai no. Xem hnh 3.52.

Hnh 3.52.
Nhn OK kt thc lnh.
Bc 3. Chnh sa li cc ng vin.
S dng

thay i cc ng ng mc to ng nt m rng.

60

S dng cng c Lasso

v gi phm Ctrl la chn cc ng vin. Hy

chc chn rng xoay m hnh chn tt c cc ng nt. Nhn OK thot khi
lnh.

Hnh.3.53.
Bc 4. To cc ng m rng.
Nhp vo Subdivide/Extend Contours nh du " Contour Patches " trn
nhng vng cong. Bm vo Extension >Extend v OK. Cc bn v li ng vin
xc nh ni b mt s c sao chp vi chnh xc nht. Quan st trong hnh 3.53.
Bc 5: To cc bn v v chnh sa chng.
Nhp vo Shuffle Panels. S dng Fill Panels in vo cc khong trng
gia cc bn v li ng vin. Nhn OK.

Hnh.3.54.

61

Bc 6. Xy dng li b mt i tng.
Nhp vo Construct Grids. Nhn nt Apply. Nu li kt qu c ri v nh
du mu , lm gim Resolution xung cn khong 17 v th li.
Nhn OK. Li v c to thnh cho b mt NURBS.

Hnh.3.55. Trc khi Construct Grids (tri) v sau (phi)

Bc 6: Ph b mt i tng.
Nhp chut vo chn Fit Surfaces. Chp nhn cc thit lp mc nh, sau
nhn Apply v OK. B mt NURBS mu xanh hin c p dng cho cc m hnh,
v c th c xut khu ra file di dng IGS hoc.. Stp.
Bc 7: Chuyn i i tng v lu li.
Bm vo Convert > To CAD Phase. Nhn Yes trn thng bo xut hin.

Lu cc i tng CAD mu vng sang dng file .IGS hoc. Stp c th thao
tc tip bi mt h thng bn ngoi, chng hn nh mt gi phn mm CAD.
3.4.4.2. To b mt chnh xc vi vic khng ch trng cc khu vc cong.
Bc 1: M file.
Chn Application Button > Open ri truy n th mc cha file
HandlePointPhase.wrp m file hng dn.

62

Bc 2: Phn chia khu vc.

Bm vo Detect > Detect Curvature. Di Granularit, thit lp Target n
500 ng cong v Curvature Level n 0,25. Nhn Apply v OK. Cc ng mu
en kt qu i din cho ng cong xc tin cho dng phn bng iu khin mu cam
trong bc tip theo.

Bc 3. Hiu chnh bin dng cc vng.

Trong nhm Contours, nhn vo Shuffle Curvature Lines t c mt
thit lp ti u phn chia cc khu vc qua cc ng da cam.
Trong ch Promote/Demote Lines, a mt s ng mu en sang mu
cam bng cch nhn chng vi phm tri chut.
Trong ch Flip Path, thay i hng ca ng mu en hin c n c
th c nhiu kh nng chuyn thnh sang mu cam.
Khi hon thnh, nhn OK.

Hnh.3.56. Trc Shuffle Curvature Lines (tri) v sau (phi)

Bc 4: Xy dng cc bn v.
Bm vo Patches Construct. Nhp chn nt Specify Patch. iu chnh Patch
Count n 100. Nhn Apply v OK.
Bc 5. Chnh sa cc bn v.

63

S dng Shuffle Panels lm cho cc bn v li c trt t hn.

Nhng hnh nh di y l phng to ca mt i tng khi c thao tc trong
lnh Shuffle Panels.
Hnh 3.57a l i tng sau khi nhn vo n kch hot thao tc.
Hnh 3.57b l i tng sau khi nhn vo u bn tri ch Add/Del 2 Paths.
Hnh 3.57c l i tng sau khi thit lp Type loi "li" v nhn Execute.

a)

b)

c)

Hnh.3.57.
Bc 6: Xy dng thit lp li.
Nhp vo Construct Grids v nhp Resolution l 20. Li c ghi nh nh
mt li bao ph b mt NURBS s c to ra trong cc bc tip theo.
Nhn Apply ri OK.

Hnh.3.58. Trc khi Construct Grids (tri) v sau (phi).

Bc 7. Ph b mt i tng.
Nhp chut vo Fit Surfaces. Chn nt Adaptive.

64

Nhn Apply ri OK. M hnh mu xanh l cy ny c th c xut sang cc

file dng nh .IGS hoc.Stp.
Bc 8. Chuyn i i tng v lu li.
Ty chn, bm vo Convert > To CAD Object. Nhn Yes trn thng bo xut
hin.

Lu cc i tng CAD nh IGS hoc.. Stp thao tc tip bi mt h thng bn

ngoi. i tng ny l mt bn sao chnh xc ca d liu qut.
4.4.4.3. To b mt chnh xc bng lnh t ng.
Bc 1. T ng to mt chnh xc.
Chn Exact Surfaces > Start Exact Surfacing pha bn tri ca thanh cng
c. Bm vo AutoSurface.

Bc 2. Thit lp giai on chy t ng.

Chn nt Mechanical v li tt c cc thit lp khc nh mc nh - ch
tng tc c kim tra. Nhn Apply.
Bc 3. iu chnh ch chy t ng.
Ch tng tc cho php ngi s dng ngn chn
v khc phc mt s vn trc khi tip tc nhng giai
on nht nh.
Nhn Yes. S dng cc phm mi tn di ca s Walkthrough bm vo thng
qua cc vn . Sa cha bt k vn v s dng cc cng c theo hnh ng. Nhp
vo Update kim tra xem nu mt vn c c nh.

65

Hnh.3.59. Trc v sau khi thc hin lnh

Khi khng cn li, nhn Done tip tc AutoSurface. Lnh s hon thnh b
mt to ra mt m hnh NURBS. Nhn OK thot. M hnh mu xanh l cy ny
c th c xut sang file dng nh .IGS hoc .Stp.
Bc 4. Chuyn i v lu i tng.
Bm vo Convert > To CAD Object.

Nhn Yes trn bng thng bo hin ra.

Lu cc i tng CAD nh file .IGS hoc .Stp thao tc tip bi mt phn
mm bn ngoi. i tng ny l mt bn sao chnh xc ca d liu qut.

66

3.5. Xy dng i tng thng qua lnh AutoSurfaces

3.5.1. Gii thiu
Trn hnh 3.60 l chi tit t. File Car.wrp l file m my im ca chi tit ny
s c s dng minh ho cho vic s dng cc lnh giai on im, a gic, v
lnh AutoSurfaces xy dng vt th. File ny c ly t trang web chnh thc ca
Geomagic http://www.geomagic.com.

Hnh 3.60. Chi tit t.

3.5.2. Cc thao tc.
Bc 1. M file
Chn Application Button > Open ri truy n th mc cha file Car.wrp m
file.
Bc 2: Loi b cc lin kt gia cc im.
Nhp chn Select
on im.

> Disconnected Components

trn thanh cng c giai

67

Hnh 3.61
Thit lp Separation Value v Low. Nhp OK kt thc lnh.
Bc 3: Thit lp
Nhp chn Select

> Outliners

trn thanh cng c.

Hnh 3.62.
Thit lp Sensivity n 65 sau nhp Apply thc hin lnh ri nhn OK
kt thc lnh.
Bc 4: Gim nhiu trn i tng.
Nhp chn Points > Repair > Reduce Noise

Hnh 3.63.

trn thanh cng c.

68

Nhp vo Display Deviations m ra ca s v iu chnh Max.Critical n

0,025 in . Nhp Apply ri thay i thanh trt Smoothness Level trong ca s
Parameters ln 4. Nhp tip Apply ri quan st s thay i khi iu chnh thanh trt
Smoothness Level.
Bc 5: Chuyn i i tng sang giai on a gic.
Nhp Points > Wrap

trn thanh cng c. ty chn cc mc nh nhn OK

thc hin v kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.64.
Bc 6: Chnh sa li b mt.
Nhp chn Polygons > Repair > Mesh Doctor

. Ty chn cc mc nh nhn

Apply thc hin lnh ri nhn OK kt thc lnh.

Bc 7: V cc l trn li a gic.
Nhp chn Polygons > Fill Holes > Fill Single
a gic. Nhp chn Tangent

v Partical Fill

trn thanh cng c giai on

. Nhp chn cc khu vc chnh sa

trn i tng ri nhp Fill Single kt thc lnh.

69

Hnh 3.65.
S dng cng c la chn Lasso

chn cc khu vc cn chnh sakt hp

nhp chn Polygons > Repair > Defeature

chnh sa cc khu vc .

Hnh 3.66.
Bc 8: Lm mn i tng.
Nhp chn Polygons > Smooth > QuickSmooth
Nhp chn Polygons > Repair > Decimate

trn thanh cng c.

trn thanh cng c.

70

Hnh 3.67.
iu chnh Reduce to Percentage ln n 50 ri nhn Apply. Nhn Ok kt
thc lnh.
Bc 9: Chnh sa li li a gic.
Nhp chn Polygons > Repair > Mesh Doctor

trn thanh cng c. ty

chn n Apply ri nhn tip OK kt thc lnh.

Bc 10: Chuyn i tng sang dng mt chnh xc.
Nhp chn Exact Surfaces > Start > Exact Surfacing
giai on chnh xc mt. ty chn v n OK kt thc lnh.

trn thanh cng c

71

Hnh 3.68.
Bc 11: To b mt ph thng qua lnh t ng.
Nhp chn vo Exact Surface > AutoSurfacing> AutoSurface

trn thanh

cng c. ty chn cc mc nh v nhn Apply thc hin lnh v nhn OK

kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.69.
Bc 12: Chuyn i i tng v lu li.
Nhp chn Exact Surfaces > Surfaces>Convert>To CAD Object trn thanh cng
c.
Nhp chut vo ca s Panel ch vo i tng CAD va to thnh v lu li.

72

3.6. Xy dng ci thin cht lng i tng giai on a gic

3.6.1. Gii thiu.
Trn hnh 3.70 l chi tit file qut rng. File polygon-repair.wrp l file m my
im ca chi tit ny s c s dng minh ho cho vic s dng cc lnh giai on
a gic xy dng ci thin cht lng vt th. File ny c ly t trang web chnh
thc ca Geomagic http://www.geomagic.com.

Hnh 3.70: Chi tit rng

Bc 1: M file.
Chn Application Button > Open ri truy n th mc cha file polygonrepair.wrp.
Bc 2: Thit lp gc quan st v xa d liu d trn i tng.
Nhp chut vo User Defined Views

trn thanh cng c View chn

View1.
Nhp chut chn Select Through
dng cng c Lasso

trn thanh cng c bn phi, kt hp s

ta khoanh vng khu vc cn chnh sa.

Nhn Delete xa nhng phn d liu d. Quan st nh trong hnh 3.71.

73

Hnh 3.71.
Bc 3: Khi phc v to cc mt v l.
Nhp chut phi vo mn hnh ha chn Select All chn ton b i tng.

Hnh 3.72.
Nhp chut vo lnh ReWarp trn thanh cng c giai on a gic. Nhp chut
nh du chn Sample Vertices trong ca s Options. iu chnh Spacing n .005.
Nhp chut vo Apply ri nhn OK kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.73.
Bc 4: Xa cc gc cnh sc trn i tng.

74

Nhp chut vo lnh Remove Spikes

trn thanh cng c giai on a gic.

iu chnh Smoothness Level n Medium. Nhp Apply ri nhn OK kt thc

lnh.

Hnh 3.74.
Bc 5: Lm mn i tng.
Nhp chut vo Relax Polygons

trn thanh cng c giai on a gic. Thit

lp Strength trong ca s v Parameters v 4 sau nhp Apply theo di thay i

xy ra.
iu chnh thanh trt Smoothness Level qua li quan st s thay i.

Hnh 3.75.

75

Ch : C th nhp vo Reset thay i cc thit lp v Strength v

Smoothness Level khc nhau.
Nhp OK kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.76.

76

3.7. Xy dng i tng vi lnh Offset

3.7.1. Gii thiu.
Trn hnh 3.77 l chi tit v hp. File Offset.wrp l file m my im ca chi
tit ny s c s dng minh ho cho vic s dng cc lnh Offset giai on a
gic xy dng vt th. File ny c ly t trang web chnh thc ca Geomagic
http://www.geomagic.com.

Hnh 3.77.
Bc 1. M file
Chn Application Button > Open ri truy n th mc cha file Offset.wrp
m file.
Bc 2: To i tng mi.
Nhp chut vo Offset

>Offset Entire Model trn thanh cng c giai on a

gic.

iu chnh Distance ln 1,5 mm. Nhn Apply ri nhp OK kt thc lnh.

77

Hnh 3.78.
Bc 3: To cc khu vc chuyn i trn i tng.
S dng cng c Lasso

la chn phn di ca i tng, quan st nh

trong hnh.

Hnh 3.79.
Nhp chut vo Offset

>Offset Selection trn thanh cng c giai on a

gic.

Hnh 3.80.

78

iu chnh Distance ln 0.5mm iu chnh Influence ln Max. Nhp Apply

chp nhn sau nhp OK kt thc lnh.

Hnh 3.81.
Bc 4: To ch trn i tng.
Nhp chut vo Offset

>Engrave trn thanh cng c.

Nhp chut iu chnh Size 4mm v Offset 0,5 mm.Trong ca s Label in vo

t Geomagic. Nhp chut vo mn hnh ha, nhp chut ln trn i tng.

Hnh 3.82.
Nhp Apply ng v nhn Ok kt thc lnh.
Nhp chut vo Remove>Remove All Boundaries trn thanh cng c.

79

Hnh 3.83.
Bc 5: To hnh nh khc trn i tng.
Nhp chut vo Offset

>Emboss trn thanh cng c. Ca s lnh hin ra nh

hnh 3.84.

Hnh 3.84.
Nhp vo Load trong ca s Region/Image m file nh trong th mc lu.

80

ty chn cc mc nh trong cc ca s lnh nhp Apply ri nhn OK kt

thc lnh. Kt qu nh trong hnh 3.85.

Hnh 3.85.

81

KT LUN V KIN NGH

Kt lun
Phn mm Geomagic Studio 2012 l mt phn mm dng trong k thut ngc
vi nhng cng c vt tri to mu, chnh sa d liu 3D, v ti to cc bn CAD
vi tham s trc tip t nhng d liu qut 3D. Ngoi ra Geomagic Studio cn l mt
phn mm c giao din p, thn thin, cc thanh cng c, cc nt lnh c sp xp
v b tr mt cch c h thng, hp l nn gip cho vic thit k c thun li.
Ngoi vic nm bt c mt s vn c bn v k thut ngc, ti tm
hiu v phn mm Geomagic Studio 2012 dng trong K thut ngc. Thng qua cc
v d, ti gii thiu vic ng dng Geomagic Studio 2012 xy dng vt th c
hnh dng hnh hc phc tp. Nhng lnh c bn ca phn mm c gii thiu
trong cc v d ny nh sau:
- Khi xy dng chi tit bt ch, s dng cc lnh trong giai on a gic (Wrap,
Merge, Fill All, Mesh Doctor), lnh Manual Registration, nhng lnh trong giai
on xy dng b mt tham s (Detect Regions, Edit Contours, Classify Regions).
- Vi chi tit khun dp, s dng cc lnh trong giai on im (Reduce Noise,
Wrap), lnh trong giai on a gic (Fill All, Trim With Plane, Sandpaper, Sharpening
Wizard) cc lnh trong giai on mt chnh xc (Detect Contours, Subdivide/Extend
Contours)
- Chi tit thanh nm ca, s dng cc lnh trong giai on dim, a gic. Cc
lnh trong giai on mt chnh xc c s dng kh y to mt chnh xc theo
3 hng khc nhau.
- Trong chi tit t, s dng cc lnh trong giai on im (Disconnected
Components, Outliners, Reduce Noise...) cc lnh trong giai on a gic (Mesh
Doctor, Fill Single, Defeature, QuckSmooth, Decimate) cc lnh AutoSurface.
- Xy dng m hnh rng, s dng cc lnh v thanh cng c Views, cc lnh
trong giai on a gic (ReWarp, Remove Spikes, Relax Polygons)
- i vi chi tit hp ch s dng cc lnh trong giai on a gic (Offset Entire
Model, Offset Selection, Engrave, Emboss)

82

Do phn mm kh phc tp nn ti cha gii thiu mt s lnh khc nh mt

s lnh bn thanh cng c Analysis, Features, Capture, Cuvres mt s lnh nng cao
bn giai on a gic v Aligments.
Kin ngh
gii quyt cc hn ch ca ti nu, cn tin hnh tm hiu thm cc chc
nng, cc lnh khc ca phn mm. V d, tm hiu cc lnh trong thanh cng c
Features to cc i tng c bn xut sang cc phn mm CAD, cc lnh trong
thanh cng c Analysis v Caputure chuyn v tnh ton nhit, khong cch, thng
s, d tm, cc lnh trong thanh cng c Cuvres gip chnh sa cc ng trn cc
mt ct, cc mt phng v cc cc lnh nng cao trong giai on im v a gic cn
c nghin cu su hn v c rt nhiu cch xy dng vt th, c nhng phng
php nhanh hn to ra cc vt th, cc b mt phc tp.

83

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] TS. Nguyn Vn Tng (2010)
Hng dn s dng phn mm Pro/Engineer Wilffire 5.0. Khoa C Kh trng
i Hc Nha Trang
[2] Reverse Engineering Software Geomagic Studio Geomagic:
www.geomagic.com.
[3]

Reverse Engineering Software Rapid Form INUS Technology, Inc.

www.rapidform.com.