Homework 5 Solutions

Physics 721
Spring 2013

Jackson 5.3

A right-circular solenoid of finite length L and radius a has N turns per unit length and carries a current I.
Show that the magnetic induction on the cylinder axis in the limit N L is
Bz =

0 N I
(cos 1 + cos 2 )
2

where the angles are defined in the figure on pg 225 of Jackson.

A single loop of wire of radius a contributes, on axis at a distance z
Z ~ ~
0 I
[dl R]z
4
R3
Z
0 I
R sin2 d
2a2
=
4
R3
0 Ia2
=
2R3
0 Ia2
=
2(a2 + z 2 )3/2

Bz =

Superposition gives that the magnetic field of all the wires is, substituting z = a cot (as given by image)
0 N Ia2
Bz =
2

0 N Ia2
=
2

dz
0

(a2

1
+ z 2 )3/2

d
1

1
csc

0 N Ia
(cos 1 + cos 2 )
2

Jackson 5.13

A sphere of radius a carries a uniform surface-charge density distribution . The sphere is rotated about a
diameter with a constant angular velocity . Fin the vector potential and magnetic-flux density both inside

and outside the sphere.

A spinning surface charge produces a surface current
k() = a sin

J(r, ) = a sin (r
a)
= a sin (r a) [ sin
x + cos
y]

The vector potential can be written as

Z
J(x~0 ) 3
~ = 0
A
d x
4
|~x ~x0 |
Z
a3 0
sin0 [ sin 0 x
+ cos 0 y] 0
=
d
4
|~x ~x0 |
Now, using the properties of spherical harmonics we can write

X X 4 rl
1
<
=
Y m (0 , 0 )Ylm (, )
l+1 l
|~x ~x0 |
2l + 1 r>
l=0 m=l
r
i 8 1
sin sin =
(Y + Y11 )
2
3 1
r
1 8
(Y11 + Y11 )
sin cos =
2
3
Inserting into the formula for vector potential and using the orthogonality of spherical harmonics
3
~ = a 0 4 r< sin [ sin
x + cos
y]
A
2
4
3 r>
a3 0 r<

=
2 sin
3
r>

This gives us that

~ in = a0 r sin
A
3
4

0 a
~ out =
A
sin
2
3 r
~ =A
~
Since B
~ in = 2a0 sin
z
B
3
i
4 h

~ out = 0 a 2 cos
B
r
+
sin

3 r3

Jackson 5.19

A magnetically hard material is in the shape of a right circular cylinder of length L and radius a. The
cylinder has a permanent magnetization M0 , uniform throughout its volume and parallel to its axis.

(a)
~ and magnetic induction B
~ at all points on the axis of the cylinder, both
Determine the magnetic field H
inside and outside.
~ = M0 z for |z| < L/2 and r < a. Then, using Jackson Eq. 5.100
Align the cylinder such that M
Z
I
~
~
1
M
1
n
0 M
3 0
d
x
+
da0
0
4 V |~x ~x |
4 S |~x ~x0 |
Z

Z
M0
1
1
0
0
da
da
M (~x) =
4
x ~x0 |
x ~x0 |
top |~
bottom |~
#
Z "
Z
M0 2 a
1
1
p
M (z) =
p
r0 dr0 d0
4 0
(z L/2)2 + r02
(z + L/2)2 + r02
0
ia
p
M0 h p
(z L/2)2 + r02 (z + L/2)2 + r02 0
M (z) =
2
r =0
M
Hz =
z "
#
z L/2
z + L/2
M0
p
p
sgn(z L/2) + sgn(z + L/2)
=
2
(z L/2)2 + a2
(z + L/2)2 + a2
"
#
M0
z L/2
z + L/2
p
=
p
+ 2(L/2 |z|)
2
(z L/2)2 + a2
(z + L/2)2 + a2
M (~x) =

Calculating Bz ,
Bz = 0 (Hz + Mz )
"
#
z L/2
z + L/2
0 M0
p
p
=
2
(z L/2)2 + a2
(z + L/2)2 + a2

(b)
~ 0 M0 and H/M
~
Plot the ratios B/
0 on the axis as functions of z for L/a = 5.

Figure 1: H

Figure 2: B

Jackson 5.22

Show that in general a long, straight bar of uniform cross-sectional area A with uniform lengthwise magnetization M , when placed with its flat end against an infinitely permeable flat surface, adheres with a force
given approximately by
0
AM 2
F
2
Let the flat surface lie in the x-y plane, magnet is located at z0 > 0. Consider an image magnet located
~ = M0 z for z0 < z < z0 + L.
on the other side of the surface. We know that F = W , and we know that M
Finally, let us assume that L >> a (long bar). Calculating the work it takes to move the magnet,
Z
1
~ Bd
~ 3x
W =
M
2
Z
Z
M z0 +L
dz daBz
=
2 z0
Z
M A z0 +L

dzBz
2
z0

In problem 5.19 we obtained for a single magnet

"
#
0 M
z z0 L
z z0
p
Bzreal =
p
z
2
(z z0 L)2 + a2
(z z0 )2 + a2
"
#
z + z0 + L
z + z0
0 M
p
p
z
Bzimage =
2
(z + z0 + L)2 + a2
(z + z0 )2 + a2

Noting that the field from the real magnet wont contribute to the force, we can write
"
#
Z
z + z0 + L
z + z0
0 M 2 A z0 +L
dz p
p
z
W
4
(z + z0 + L)2 + a2
(z + z0 )2 + a2
z0
iz0 +L
p
0 M 2 A hp
=
(z + z0 + L)2 + a2 + (z + z0 )2 + a2
z
4
z0


q
p
0 M 2 A p
2
2
2
2
2
2
4(z0 + L/2) + a 4(z0 + L) + a 4z0 + a z
=
4
W
|z =0
z0 0


L
L
2

0 M A

z
L2 + a2
4L2 + a2
0 M 2 A

z
2

F =

if L >> a