Professional Documents
Culture Documents
com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
I=
1
ml 2
12
(hnh 3) : I = mR 2
+ Qu cu c ng cht c khi lng m, c bn knh R, trc quay i
R
Hnh 2
Hnh 3
2
5
qua tm qu cu (hnh 4) : I = mR 2
+ Trc quay i qua u mt ca thanh: I =
1 2
ml .
3
V D MINH HA
VD1. Mt thanh cng ng cht c chiu di l, khi lng m, quay quanh mt trc qua
trung im v vung gc vi thanh. Cho momen qun tnh ca thanh i vi trc l
1
m
m 2 . Gn cht im c khi lng
vo mt u thanh. Tnh momen qun tnh ca h
12
3
i vi trc .
HD: Ta c: I = I1 + I2 =
1
m l 2 1 2
m 2 +
( ) = m .
12
3 2
6
VD2. Mt a trn ng cht c khi lng m = 20 kg, bn knh R = 20 cm, trc quay l trc
i xng. Khi a ang ng yn, tc dng vo n mt lc c momen M = 10 Nm. Tnh tc
gc ca a sau 5 s k t lc tc dng momen lc vo a.
HD: 2. Ta c: I =
1
M
mR2 = 0,4 kgm2; =
= 25 rad/s2; = 0 + t = 125 rad/s.
2
I
1
M
1
mR2 = 0,001 kgm2; =
= 20 rad/s2; = t2 = 160 rad.; s = R = 16 m.
2
I
2
1
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
VD4. Mt a c ng cht khi lng 0,2 kg, bn knh 10 cm, c trc quay i qua tm a
v vung gc vi a. a ang ng yn th ngi ta tc dng vo a mt momen lc
khng i 0,02 Nm. Tnh qung ng m mt im trn vnh a i c sau 4 s k t lc
tc dng momen lc.
HD: Ta c I =
1
M
1
mR2 = 0,025 kgm2; =
= 300 rad/s2; = t2 = 15000 rad.
2
I
2
1
mR2.
2
HD: Ta c: = 0t +
V M = FR = I
0
t t0
0
t t0
0 50.2
2
= - 20 (rad/s2); |M| = I|| = mR2 ||
50
5
m=
5| M |
= 99,5 kg.
2R 2 | |
a
R
T=
Ia
. Mt khc: mg T = ma
R2
mg -
Ia
= ma
R2
a=
m/s2.
mg
m+
I
R2
=1
VD9. Vnh trn c khi lng m, bn knh R, momen qun tnh i vi trc i xng i qua
tm ca vnh trn l I = mR2, ln khng trt trn mt phng nghing c gc nghing =
300. Ly g = 10 m/s2. B qua lc ma st ln. Tnh gia tc ca tm vnh trn.
HD : Vnh trn va chuyn ng tnh tin va chuyn ng quay v v b qua ma st ln nn y ch cn
ma st ngh.
Vi chuyn ng tnh tin, ta c: ma = mgsin - Fms (1).
2
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
a
= maR. V P v N c gi i qua O
R
g sin
(2). T (1) v (2) suy ra: a =
= 2,5 m/s2.
2
Fms = ma
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
A. M = I
d
dt
B. M =
dL
dt
Phone: 01689.996.187
C. M = I
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
D. C A, B, C.
6
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
2
13
m .
12
B.
2
1
m .
3
C.
2
4
m .
3
D.
2
5
m .
6
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
9
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
1C
2B
3B
11 A
12A
13C
14A
15C
16C
17C
18B
19A
20A
21 B
22D
23B
24B
25A
26B
27D
28D
29A
30A
31B
32C
33B
34B
35D
36C
37A
38C
39A
40B
41A
42 B
43B
44C
45A
46B
47B
48D
49D
50B
51A
52C
53B
54D
55C
56D
57B
58A
59B
60D
61A
62B
63C
64B
65C
66D
67A
68B
69D
70A
71D
72D
73B
74C
75B
76A
77C
78B
79A
80A
81C
82B
83A
84C
85A
86B
87A
88D
89B
90D
91A
92B
93B
94B
95D
96A
97C
98D
99B
100D
101D
102B
103D
104B
105A
106B
107B
108A
10
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
9A
C HC VT RN
10D
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
CH 4: MOMEN NG LNG
NH LUT BO TON MOMEN NG LNG
* Phng php gii:
tm cc i lng lin quan n nh lut bo ton ng lng khi vt rn quay quanh
mt trc ta vit cc biu thc lin quan n i lng cn tm v cc i lng bit t
suy ra v tnh i lng cn tm.
- L i lng ng hc c trng cho chuyn ng quay ca vt rn quanh mt trc:
L = I (kg.m2/s)
- Lu : Vi cht im th mmen ng lng L = mr 2 = mvr (r l khong cch t
v n trc quay)
- Momen ng lng ca h vt: L = L1 + L2 + ... L l i lng i s
L = M .t
- bin thin momen ng lng:
* Cc cng thc:
+ Momen ng lng: L = I. Vi cht im quay: I = mr2 L = mr2 = mrv.
+ Dng khc ca phng trnh ng lc hc ca vt rn quay quanh mt trc c nh: M =
dL
.
dt
1
ml2 = 0,32 kgm2; L = I = 6,4 kgm2/s.
12
1
m1R2 + m2 R2 = 225 kgm2; L = I = 2250 kgm2/s.
2
11
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
HD Ta c: =
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
2
2
= 7,27.10-5 rad/s; L = I = mR 2 = 7145.1030 kgm2/s.
T
5
4. Mt thanh ng cht tit din nh khi lng 1,2 kg, di 1,6 m quay u quanh trc i qua
trung trc ca thanh. Hai u thanh c gn hai cht im c khi lng m1 = 2 kg v m2 = 2
kg. Bit tc di ca mi cht im l 18 km/h. Tnh momen ng lng ca h.
HD Ta c: L = I = (
1
l
l
v
ml2 + m1( )2 + m2( )2)
= 21,6 kgm2/s.
1
12
2
2
l
2
v
=0
R
=-
mRv
=I + mR 2
0,19 rad/s.
VD6. Mt sn quay bn knh R = 2 m, momen qun tnh i vi trc quay qua tm sn l I =
800 kgm2. Khi sn ang ng yn, mt ngi c khi lng m1 = 50 kg ng mp sn nm
vin c khi lng m2 = 500 g vi vn tc v = 25 m/s theo phng tip tuyn vi sn.
Tnh vn tc ca ngi ngay sau khi nm.
HD. Theo nh lut bo ton ng lng ta c: I + m1R2 + m2R2
v
= 0
R
= -
m2 Rv
= - 0,025 rad/s; v = R = - 0,05 m/s.
I + m1 R 2
VD7. Hai a trn c momen qun tnh ln lt l I1 5.10-2 kgm2 v I2 = 3.10-2 kgm2 ang
quay ng trc v cng chiu vi tc gc 1 = 10 rad/s v 2 = 20 rad/s. Ma st trc
quay nh khng ng k. Sau cho hai a dnh vo nhau v cng quay vi tc gc .
Tnh .
HD. Theo nh lut bo ton ng lng ta c: I11 + I22 = (I1 + I2)
I11 + I12
=
I1 + I 2
13,75 rad/s.
* TRC NGHIM TNG HP:
1. Mt thanh nh di 1m quay u trong mt phng ngang xung quanh trc thng ng i
qua trung im ca thanh. Hai u thanh c hai cht im c khi lng 2kg v 3kg. Tc
di ca mi cht im l 5m/s. Mmen ng lng ca thanh l:
A. L = 7,5 kg.m2/s B. L = 10,0 kg.m2/s
C. L = 12,5 kg.m2/s
D.
2
L = 15,0 kg.m /s
2. Coi tri t l mt qu cu ng tnh c khi lng m = 6.1024kg, bn knh R = 6400 km.
Mmen ng lng ca tri t trong s quay quanh trc ca n l:
A. 5,18.1030 kg.m2/s B. 5,83.1031 kg.m2/s
C. 6,28.1032 kg.m2/s
D.
33
2
7,15.10 kg.m /s
12
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
13
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
CH 4: NG NNG CA VT RN QUAY
* Phng php gii:
tm cc i lng lin quan n ng nng v nh l bin thin ng nng ca vt rn
quay quanh mt trc ta vit cc biu thc lin quan n i lng cn tm v cc i lng
bit t suy ra v tnh i lng cn tm.
* Cc cng thc:
+ ng nng ca vt rn quay: W =
1 2
I .
2
1
1
I 22 - I 12 = A
2
2
* V DMINH HA:
VD1. Mt bnh c momen qun tnh i vi trc quay c nh ca n l 0,4 kg.m2.
bnh tng tc t trng thi ng yn n tc gc phi tn cng 2000 J. B qua ma st.
Tnh .
HD.. Theo nh l bin thin ng nng ta c:
1
1
I 22 - I 12 = A. V 1 = 0
2
2
2A
=
I
100 rad/s.
VD2. Mt momen lc 30 Nm tc dng ln mt bnh xe c momen qun tnh 2 kgm2. Bnh
xe bt u quay t trng thi ngh. Tnh ng nng ca bnh xe sau 10 s k t lc bnh xe
chu tc dng ca momen lc.
M
1
= 15 rad/s2; = 0 + t = 150 rad/s; W = I2 = 22500 J.
I
2
HD. Ta c: =
0
t
= 40 rad/s2; I =
2Wd
= 3 kgm2.
VD4. Tri t coi nh l hnh cu c khi lng 6.1024 kg, bn knh 6400 km, t quay quanh
trc i xng ca n vi chu k 24 gi. Tnh ng nng ca Tri t trong chuyn ng t
quay ny.
HD. Ta c: I =
2
2
1
mR2 = 98304.1034 kgm2; =
= 7,27.10-5 rad/s; W = I2 = 2,6.1030
5
T
2
J.
14
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
VD5. Mt thanh ng cht, tit din u, khi lng 0,2 kg, di 0,5 m quay u quanh mt
trc thng ng i qua trung im ca thanh v vung gc vi thanh vi tc 120
vng/pht. Tnh ng nng ca thanh.
HD: Ta c: W =
1 2 1 1
I =
ml22 = 0,329 J.
2
2 12
VD6. Mt qu cu c ng cht khi lng 0,5 kg quay xung quanh trc i qua tm ca n
vi ng nng 0,4 J v tc gc 20 rad/s. Tnh bn knh ca qu cu.
HD. Ta c: W =
1 2 1 2
I =
m R22
2
2 5
R=
5Wd
= 0,1 m.
m 2
VD7. Mt qu cu kim loi rng c ng knh 60 cm, khi lng 50 kg, c xem l phn
b u trn b mt qu cu v c th quay quanh trc i xng i qua tm ca n. Tnh cng
cn cung cp qu cu ang ng yn quay nhanh dn cho n khi t c vn tc 300
vng/pht.
HD: Ta c:
1
1
2
I 22 - I 12 = A. V 1 = 0 v I = mR2
2
2
3
A=
1 2
mR2 22 = 1480 J.
2 3
VD8. Mt bnh c dng khi tr c khi lng 100 kg, bn knh 50 cm quay quanh trc
i xng ca n. Trong thi gian tng tc, phng trnh ta gc ca mt im trn vnh
bnh c dng: = 3t2 + 8t + 4; trong tnh bng rad, t tnh bng s. Tnh cng thc
hin ln bnh trong khong thi gian t t1 = 7 s n t2 = 12 s.
1
1
mR2 = 12,5 kgm2; so vi phng trnh = 0 + 0t + t2 th 0 = 8 rad/s
2
2
1
1
v = 6 rad/s2; do : 1 = 0 + t1 = 50 rad/s; 2 = 0 + t2 = 80 rad/s; A = I 22 - I 12 =
2
2
HD Ta c: I =
24375 J.
* TRC NGHIM TNG HP
1. Mt bnh c momen qun tnh 2,5kg.m2 quay vi tc gc 8 900rad/s. ng nng
ca bnh bng:
A. 9,1.108J.
B. 11 125J.
C. 9,9.107J.
D.
22
250J.
2. Mt ci ng hnh tr rng, ng cht c bn knh R v khi lng m ln u trn sn. Hy
so snh ng nng tnh tin ca khi tm v ng nng quay ca ng quanh trc.
A. W(tt) = 2W(quay)
B. W(tt) =
1
W(quay)
2
C. W(tt) = W(quay) D.
W(tt) = 4W(quay)
3. Mt khi hnh tr ng cht bn knh R, khi lng m = 2 kg, ln khng trt trn mt t
vi tc v = 1 m/s. ng nng ca n l:
A. 1 J
B. 1,5 J
C. 3 J
D. 12 J
4. Mt cnh qut c momen qun tnh i vi trc quay c nh l 0,3 kg.m2, c tng tc
t trng thi ngh n tc gc = 20 rad/s. Cn phi thc hin mt cng l:
A. 60 J
B. 120 J
C. 600 J
D. 1200 J
5. Hai a trn c cng momen qun tnh i vi cng mt trc quay i qua tm ca cc a.
Lc u a 2 ( bn trn) ng yn, a 1 quay vi tc gc khng i 0. Ma st trc
15
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN
http://lophocthem.com
Phone: 01689.996.187
vuhoangbg@gmail.com
D.
7
Mv 2
40
12. Mt bnh c momen qun tnh i vi trc quay c nh ca n l 0,4 kg.m2. bnh
tng tc t trng thi ng yn n tc gc phi tn cng 2000 J. B qua ma st. Gi
tr ca l
A. 100 rad/s.
B. 50 rad/s.
C. 200 rad/s.
D.
10
rad/s.
13. Mt thanh mnh ng cht tit din u khi lng m, chiu di l, c th quay quanh
trc nm ngang i qua mt u thanh v vung gc vi thanh. B qua ma st trc quay v
1
3
g
.
3l
B.
3g
.
2l
C.
2g
.
3l
D.
3g
.
l
14. Mt thanh OA ng cht, tit din u, khi lng m, chiu di l = 30cm, c th quay d
dng trong mt phng thng ng xung quanh trc nm ngang u O. Lc u thanh ng
yn v tr thng ng, ta truyn cho u A mt vn tc v theo phng nm ngang. Ly g =
10m/s2. Vn tc ti thiu thanh quay n v tr nm ngang l:
A. 3m/s
B 5m/s
C. 10m/s
D. 2m/s
P N 14 CU: 1C; 2C; 3B; 4C; 5B; 6C; 7D ;8C 9C 10D 11B 12A 12A 13D 14A
16
BI DNG KIN THC N, LUYN THI I HC VT L
C HC VT RN