Type of High-Rise Structure

1. Braced Frame
2. Rigid Frame Structure
3. Infilled Frame Structure
4. Flat Plate and Flat Slab Structure
5. Shear wall structure
6. Coupled wall structure
7. Wall-frame structure
8. Framed tube structure
9. The trussed tube
a. Tube in tube or Hull core structure
b. Bundled tube structure
c. Core and Outriggers system
10. Hybrid structure
Braced Frame
Braced frames are cantilevered vertical trusses resisting laterals
loads primarily through the axial stiffness of the frame members.
The effectiveness of the system, as characterized by a high ratio of
stiffness to material quantity, is recognized for multi-storey building
in the low to mid height range.
Generally regarded as an exclusively steel system because the
diagonal are inevitably subjected to tension for or to the other
directions of lateral loading.
Able to produce a laterally very stiff structure for a minimum of
additional material, makes it an economical structural form for any
height of buildings, up to the very tallest.
Advantages: Girders only participate minimally in the lateral bracing action-Floor
framing design is independent of its level in the structure.
Can be repetitive up the height of the building with obvious
economy in design and fabrication.
Disadvantages: Obstruct the internal planning and the locations of the windows and
doors; for this reason, braced bent are usually incorporated
internally along wall and partition lines, especially around elevator,
stair, and service shaft. Diagonal connections are expensive to fabricate and erect

ACT Tower, Himatsu Japan

Rigid Frame Structure
Consist of columns and girders joined by moment resistant connections.
Lateral stiffness of a rigid frame bent depends on the bending stiffness of the
columns, girders, and connection in the plane of the bents. Ideally suited for