Tm hiu thng s c bn v camera

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M T Sn Phm

1, nhy sng - Minimum Illumination

Khi chng ta chn camera, thng thng ty vo mc ch ca mnh m chng ta chn
camera no l ph hp. Trong mt lot cc bi vit Cc thng s c bn ca camera
chng ti s gip bn chn c nhng camera p ng c nhu cu ca bn.
Khi quan st cc khu vc c nh sng khc nhau, mt thng s m chng ta cn ch
l Minimum Illumination: Cng nh sng nh nht.
Thng c tnh bng Lux, Lux l n v dn xut c tnh cho cng sut nh sng
chiu trn mt din tch 1m2. Thng s ny cho chng ta bit cng nh sng ti
thiu m cm bin nh sng ca camera c th nhn bit c mu sc gia cc vt
th. Trong iu kin cng sng nh hn cng sng nh nht m camera cm
nhn c, th chng ta phi lp thm n chiu sng tng cng sng, hoc
lp thm n hng ngoi nu camera c h tr hng ngoi, hoc thay th bng
camera c cng sng ti thiu nh hn hoc chng ta thay bng camera hng
ngoi khc mi c th quan st c.
Mt s v d v cng sng trong t nhin:
* nh sng Mt Tri trung bnh trong ngy c ri dao ng trong khong 32.000
(32 klx) ti 100.000 lux (100 klx)
* Cc trng quay truyn hnh c chiu sng vi ri khong 1.000 lux (1 klx)
* Mt vn phng sng sa c ri khong 400 lux

* Vo thi im hong hn v bnh minh, nh sng ngoi tri cng c ri khong

400 lux (nu tri trong xanh).
* nh sng phn chiu t Mt Trng c ri khong 1 lux
* nh sng t cc ngi sao c ri khong 0,00005 lux (= 50 lx)
Mt s camera quan st c chc nng Auto Iris (T ng hiu chnh nh sng). c
im ca Camera loi ny l ch vi 1 ngun sng nh, n c th t ng khuych i
ngun sng ln c th quan st c.

2, Bng thng s quy i gc m ca ng knh

Khi chng ta thit k mt h thng camera gim st, vic chn ng knh rt quan
trng. Vic chn ng knh quyt nh n vng v khong cch cn quan st. Sau y
chng ti xin gii thiu ti cc bn bng thng s quy i xc nh c din tch
ca vng quan st (gc m ca ng knh)
Kch thc
cm bin

ng knh

1/4 CCD

1/3 CCD

2.8mm
3.5mm
4mm
4.8mm
6mm
8mm
12.5mm
16mm
17mm
25mm
35mm
50mm
75mm
8.5-51mm
12.5-75mm
11-110mm
16-160mm

Gc quan st
ngang
6528
5425
4827
4106
3323
2521
1623
1250
1205
814
553
407
244
2354 ~ 402
1623 ~ 244
1835 ~ 152
1250 ~ 117

Gc quan st
dc
5128
4211
3717
3125
2521
1909
1219
938
904
610
425
305
203
1802 ~ 301
1219 ~ 203
1359 ~ 124
938 ~ 058

Gc quan st
cho
7734
6528
5842
5013
4106
3125
2024
1600
1504
1017
721
509
326
2939 ~ 503
2024 ~ 326
2307 ~ 220
1600 ~ 136

2.8mm
3.5mm
4mm
4.8mm
6mm
8mm
12.5mm

8112
6852
6155
5307
4336
3323
2144

6528
5425
4827
4106
3323
2521
1623

9356
8112
7344
6400
5307
4106
2659

1/2 CCD

16mm
17mm
25mm
35mm
50mm
75mm
8.5-51mm
12.5-75mm
11-110mm
16-160mm

1703
1604
1058
750
529
339
3132 ~ 523
2144 ~ 339
2436 ~ 229
1703 ~ 143

1250
1205
814
553
407
244
2354 ~ 402
1623 ~ 244
1835 ~ 152
1250 ~ 117

2114
2000
1341
947
652
434
3852 ~ 643
2659 ~ 434
3030 ~ 307
2114 ~ 208

2.8mm
3.5mm
4mm
4.8mm
6mm
8mm
12.5mm
16mm
17mm
25mm
35mm
50mm
75mm
8.5-51mm
12.5-75mm
11-110mm
16-160mm

9737
8452
7719
6722
5608
4336
2843
2237
2119
1435
1026
719
453
4115 ~ 710
2843 ~ 453
3226 ~ 319
2237 ~ 217

8112
6852
6155
5307
4336
3323
2144
1703
1604
1058
750
529
339
3132 ~ 523
2144 ~ 339
2436 ~ 229
1703 ~ 143

11000
9737
9000
7936
6722
5307
3529
2804
2628
1810
1302
908
606
5024 ~ 858
3529 ~ 606
3957 ~ 409
2804 ~ 251

3, Chun H.264
Chun nn hnh nh l g?
- Chun nn hnh nh c hiu n gin l mt phng thc nn hnh nh nhm lm gim
lng d liu ca mt tp ti liu video. Phng thc nn ny c cc t chc c uy tn trn
th gii cng nhn v a vo s dng. V vy n c coi l mt chun.
Tn ca chun nn do t chc pht trin, quy nh v t tn.
Hin nay trn th gii c nhiu chun nn hnh nh ra i theo thi gian, cc chun nn hnh
nh cng v sau cng c nhiu ci tin v cng ngh nn. Tc l lng d liu hay ni cch
khc kch thc ca tp tin video sau khi nn c gim nhiu hn so vi cc chun nn trc,
nhng cht lng li tt hn. ng ngha vi iu l cc thut ton v phng thc x l
ngy cng phc tp hn.
Chun nn s dng trong lnh vc anh ninh gim st t trc ti nay (khng k bng t) Motion
JPEG, MPEG-4 Part 2 v hin nay chun nn mi nht c s dng l H.264

H.264 l gi?
H.264 l chun nn m c cng b chnh thc vo nm 2003, hin l chun h tr cng ngh
nn tin tin v hiu qu nht hin nay. V n ang dn c a vo thnh chun nn tiu
chun ca ngnh cng ngh an ninh gim st bng hnh nh. H.264 (cn c gi l chun
MPEG-4 Part 10/AVC for Advanced Video Coding hay MPEG-4 AVC) n k tha nhng u im
ni tri ca nhng chun nn trc y. ng thi s dng nhng thut ton nn v phng
thc truyn hnh nh mi phc tp, phng php nn v truyn hnh nh m chun H.264 s
dng lm gim ng k d liu v bng thng truyn i ca video.
Vi cch nn v truyn thng tin bng chun H.264 lm gim n 50% bng thng v kch
thc file d liu lu tr so vi cch nn thng thng hin nay (chun nn thng thng hin
nay ang c s dng rng ri l MPEG-4 Part 2) v gim ti hn 80% bng thng v kch
thc file d liu lu tr so vi nn bng chun Motion JPEG. iu cho chng ta thy vi
cng mt h thng nu chng ta s dng chun nn mi chng ta c thi gian lu tr gp i
v bng thng mng gim i mt na, li ch m chng ta thy ngay l chi ph cho lu tr d
liu video gim mt na so vi dng h thng c chun nn thng thng. Ngoi ra vic truyn
hnh nh chim bng thng gim mt na, v vy chi ph dnh cho thu bng thng mng cng
gim ng k. Hoc chng ta c th tng cht lng hnh nh gim st ln gp i nhng vn
m bo c bng thng v thi gian lu tr nh trc y. y l mt li th rt ln, bi vi
mt h thng an ninh ln, gii quyt vn bng thng mng v thi gian lu tr l rt phc
tp. Vi chun nn H.264 n gii quyt c rt nhiu nhng kh khn nh vy.
Vi vic gim c bng thng ca chun nn H.264 thc y cho dng camera nt cao
(hay cn gi Camera Megapixel) c c hi pht trin mnh m. Vi nhng h thng gim st
quan trng cn hnh nh r nt th la chn cc camera nt cao v u ghi h tr chun nn
H.264 l hon ton hp l.
Chun nn H.264 c k vng l cn gi mi, to thm sinh kh thc y s pht trin ca
ngnh an ninh gim st pht trin mnh m hn.