Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Airport
Airport
REQUIRED SPACES:
(By: Paul P. Bollinger, Jr., World Book Encyclopedia 2010 edition. Page 242-249)
shops
Airport resemble small cities, have hotels, restaurants, banks, post office and
as well as
Their own police force
Fire department
Medical facilities
These services and facilities are important and useful for passengers and
employees of an airport. In addition, some of them help produce the income
necessary for the airport to operate successfully. During lengthy flight delay or
emergencies, these services can become vital.
AIRPORT FACILITIES:
Depend on the size of the community it serves
The area of land it covers
Type of air service it provides
PASSENGER TERMINAL
Passengers begin and end their flights at the passenger terminal.
Airline Ticket
Departing passengers purchase tickets, have their tickets checked, and
receive boarding (passage) passes.
Airplanes Cargo Hold
Where passengers can leave their baggage to be loaded into the airplanes
cargo hold.
Loudspeakers, flight monitor and electronic message boards announce
flight arrivals and departures
Boarding Lounges
Provide seats for waiting travelers and airline crews.
Gates
Where passengers board and leave aircraft from openings called gates
Boarding bridge / (Jet way)
At most range airports, an enclosed walkway connects the terminal gate with
the aircraft during boarding.
Many activities in the passenger terminal take place behind the walls or under the
floor, these activities includes:
Transport of baggage
And cargos from the ticket counter to the aircraft
Airlines maintain offices in these areas
Briefing Room
Each airline has a briefing room where pilots receive flight information. The
briefing room includes a dispatching office which handles communications with the
airlines operation center and with its airplanes, both on the ground and in flight.
Hangar
Are buildings in which aircraft are stored and repaired. Most airlines have
their own hangar.
Most airports locate hangars far enough from the terminal building to avoid
interference with air traffic on the ground.
CONTROL TOWER
-
Air traffic nerve center. In the tower, air traffic controllers use radars, radio,
signal, lights and other equipment to direct air traffic near the airport as well as
movements of aircraft on the ground.
Large tinted windows enable controllers to see all the aircraft in motion at the
airport. Some control towers are more than 200 ft. (6m) tall.
Operation
- In the control tower, the air traffic controllers guide aircrafts as they:
Land
Takeoff
and taxi
- The controllers see that the traffic keeps moving smoothly, rapidly and
safely.
- Their job becomes especially difficult when fog or other weather conditions
reduce visibility.
- Traffic patterns:
Planes approach or depart on assigned routes called traffic patterns.
Instruments in aircraft cockpits electronically display an airports traffic patterns for
pilots to follow.
When necessary, a pilot can safely fly without instruments if the weather is clear
enough to see other aircraft and airport.
The control tower has several types of electronic all-weather landing equipment to
bring planes down safely. Most commercial airport has an electronic aid called ILS
(Instrument Landing System).
ILS (Instrument Landing System)
It sends radio signals to receivers on an airplane which show the pilot whether the
plane is to the left, right, above, below or directly on the correct approach path to
the airport.
Other navigation aids include:
ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar)
THE RUNWAY
Considerations:
-measurements
-safety
Must be long enough and wide enough to handle the largest planes using the
airport. They must be levels as possible.
However, runways slope slightly from the centers towards each side to provide
good DRAINAGE.
A government body usually sets minimum runway lengths for different types
of aircrafts. Many small airports use only strips of mowed glass called
Landing Strips.
Some of these strips are only 2,000-2,500 ft. (610-760 m.) long. The runways of
large airports are paved with concrete or asphalt. These runways must have a clear
zone at each end to give aircraft additional space to take off and land as nearly as
possible into the wind.
At night and other periods of low visibility, white lights outline each runway and
green lights mark the beginning of a runway. Red and white approach lights shine
just in front of the area where a plane should touch down.
Large airports provide roadways alongside the terminal buildings where airport
buses, hotel vans, private automobiles, limousines, and taxis can pick up and drop
off passengers. Some airports are connected to the city center by light rail systems
or subways.
All airports maintain parking facilities
Most large airports have multistory parking garages, which can take less land than
parking lots do to hold the same number of cars. Parking provides a major source of
revenue for many airports.
Airport rent space to airlines for offices, check-in counters and baggage areas
In addition, airports give leases to:
Restaurant
Gift shops
Hotels and
Car rental agencies
The leases provide revenue to pay for the operation and development of an
airport. In addition, the airport receives income from parking lots, telephones and
advertisements in the terminal and landing fees paid by the airlines.
(source:http://www.piata.com.ph/home/index)
International airports
principal airports and
community airports
CAAP system
The new CAAP system revises the previous ATO system, while maintaining
the current classification of airports into international and domestic airports. The
change was made pursuant to the Philippine Transport Strategic Study and the 1992
Civil Aviation Master Plan. The new system rationalizes the system of airport
classification, represented by the following types:
Principal airports or domestic airports are airports that only serve domestic
destinations. There are two types:
Airport in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte (on Siargao Island), all feeder
airports, are in this category.
Community airports are airports that are used primarily for general aviation. Most
feeder airports are in this category and only three airports: Cauayan Airport, Labo
Airport in Ozamiz City and San Fernando Airport in La Union, all former secondary
airports, have regular air service.
(source: http://www.caap.gov.ph/)