CU HI, P N V HNG DN GII

MN: X L TN HIU S
CU HI V BI T P CH NG 1
Bi 1.1

x a (t ) = 3 cos 50t + 10 sin 300t cos100t

Cho tn hiu tng t

Hy xc nh tc l y mu Nyquist i vi tn hiu ny?

Cho tn hiu x a (t ) = 3 cos100t

Bi 1.2

a) Xc nh tc l y mu nh nh t c n thit khi phc tn hiu ban u.

b) Gi s tn hiu c l y mu ti tc Fs = 200 Hz. Tn hiu ri rc no s c c

sau l y mu?
Tm quan h gia dy nhy n v u(n) v dy xung n v ( n )

Bi 1.3

Bi 1.4
Tng t bi trn tm quan h biu din dy ch nht rectN(n) theo dy nhy n v u(n).
Hy biu din dy ( n + 1)

Bi 1.5

Bi 1.6
Xc nh x(n) = u(n-5)-u(n-2)
Bi 1.7
Xc nh nng lng c a chui

(1 2)2
x(n ) = n
3

n0
n<0

Bi 1.8

Hy xc nh nng lng c a tn hiu x(n ) = Ae j 0 n

Bi 1.9
Xc nh cng su t trung bnh c a tn hiu nhy bc n v u(n)
1

Bi 1.10
Xc nh cng su t trung bnh c a tn hiu nhy bc n v u(n)
Bi 1.11

Hy xc nh cng su t trung bnh c a tn hiu x(n ) = Ae j 0 n

Bi 1.12
p ng xung v u vo c a mt h TTBB l:

1 n = 1
2 n=0

h (n) = 1
n =1
1 n = 2

n
0

1 n = 0
2 n = 1

x ( n ) = 3 n = 2
1 n = 3

0 n

Hy xc nh p ng ra y(n) c a h.
Bi 1.13

Tng t nh bi trn hy tnh php chp x3(n) = x1(n)*x2(n) vi:

n
1
a) x1(n) = 3
0

n0

b) x1(n) = ( n + 1) + ( n 2 ) ;

x2(n) = rect2(n-1).

x2(n) = rect3(n).

Bi 1.14

Cho HTTT b t bin c h(n) v x(n) nh sau:

a n
h (n) =
0

n0
n

bn
x (n) =
0

n0

0 < a < 1, 0 < b < 1, a b. Tm tn hiu ra (p ng ra)?

Bi 1.15

Hy xc nh xem cc h c phng trnh m t quan h vo ra di y c tuyn tnh

khng:
a) y (n ) = nx(n )

b) y (n ) = x 2 (n )

Bi 1.16

Hy xc nh xem cc h c phng trnh m t quan h vo ra di y c tuyn tnh

khng:

( )

a) y (n ) = x n 2

b) y (n ) = Ax(n ) + B
2

Bi 1.17

Xc nh xem cc h c m t bng nhng phng trnh di y l nhn qu hay khng:

a) y (n ) = x(n ) x(n 1)
b) y (n ) = ax(n )

Bi 1.18

Xc nh xem cc h c m t bng nhng phng trnh di y l nhn qu hay khng:

a) y (n ) = x(n ) + 3 x(n + 4 ) ;

( )

b) y (n ) = x n 2 ;

c) y (n ) = x(2n ) ;

d) y (n ) = x( n )
Bi 1.19

Xt tnh n nh c a h thng c p ng xung h(n) = rectN(n).

Bi 1.20

Xc nh khong gi tr c a a v b cho h TT BB c p ng xung

a n
h(n ) = n
b

n0
n<0

l n nh.
Bi 1.21.

Hy tm p ng xung h(n) c a mt h thng s c cho bi s sau y:

x(n)

h1 ( n )

h2 ( n )

h3 ( n )

y(n)

Bi 1.22

Cho mt h thng tuyn tnh b t bin c m t bng phng trnh sai phn sau y:

y ( n ) = b0 x ( n ) + b1 x ( n 1) + b2 x ( n 2 ) + b4 x ( n 4 )

Hy biu din h thng .

Hy biu din bng th tn hiu y (n ) = x(2n ) , y x(n ) l tn hiu c m t nh

Bi 1.23

sau:.

x(n )

-7 -6 -5 -4
-3 -2 -1 0 1

2 3 4 5 6

Bi 1.24

Hy xc nh nghim ring c a phng trnh sai phn.

y (n ) = 5 y (n 1) 1 y (n 2) + x(n)
6

khi hm cng b c u vo x(n ) = 2 n , n 0 v bng khng vi n khc.

Bi 1.25

Hy gii phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng sau

y(n) 3y(n-1) + 2y(n-2) = x(n) + x(n-2)
Vi iu kin u y(-1) = y(-2) = 0 v x(n) = 5 n
Bi 1.26

Cho x(n) = rect3(n)

Hy xc nh hm t tng quan Rxx(n).
Bi 1.27

Hy cho bit cch no sau y biu din tng qut mt tn hiu ri rc b t k x(n)?
a)

x ( n) =

c)

x ( n) =

k =

x(n) (n k )

x(n) = x(k ) (n k )
+

b)

x(k ) (n k )

k =0

d) x(n) =

k =

x(n) (k n)
+

k =

Bi 1.28

H thng c c trng bi p ng xung h(n) no sau y l h thng nhn qu:

a) h(n) = u(n+1)

b) h(n) = -u(n-1)

c) h(n) = -u(-n-1)

d) h(n) = -u(n+1)

Bi 1.29

Php chp lm nhim v no sau y:

a) Phn tch mt tn hiu min ri rc

b) Xc nh p ng ra c a h thng
4

c) Xc nh cng su t c a tn hiu

d) Xc nh nng lng tn hiu

Bi 1.30

Phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng m t h thng ri rc no sau y:

a) H thng tuyn tnh b t bin.

b) H thng tuyn tnh.

c) H thng n nh.

d) H thng b t bin.

P N CH NG I
Bi 1.1.

Do = 2. f , tn hiu trn c cc t n s thnh ph n sau:

F1 = 25 Hz,

F2 = 150 Hz,

F3 = 50 Hz

Nh vy, Fmax = 150 Hz v theo nh l l y mu ta c:

Fs 2 Fmax = 300 Hz

Tc l y mu Nyquist l FN = 2Fmax . Do , FN = 300 Hz.

Bi 1.2

a) T n s c a tn hiu tng t l F = 50 Hz. V th, tc l y mu ti thiu c n thit

khi phc tn hiu, trnh hin tng chng mu l Fs = 100 Hz.
b) Nu tn hiu c l y mu ti Fs = 200 Hz th tn hiu ri rc c dng

x(n ) = 3 cos(100 200 )n = 3 cos( 2 )n

Theo nh ngha dy nhy n v u(n) v dy xung n v ( n ) ta c:

Bi 1.3

u ( n) =

(k )
n

k =

Bi 1.5

Ta c:
1

( n+1)

1 n + 1 = 0 n = 1
0 n 0

( n + 1) =

-2

-1

Bi 1.6

Ta xc nh u(n-2) v u(n-5) sau thc hin php tr thu c kt qu

x(n) = u(n-5)-u(n-2) = rect3(n-2)

x(n) = rect3 ( n 2 )

Bi 1.7

x(n) = ( ) + 3

Theo nh ngha

E=
=

n =

1 1

1 2n
2

2n

1 )2 n = 4 + 9 1 = 35
(
3 3 8 24

n=0

n =

n =1

V nng lng E l hu hn nn tn hiu x(n) l tn hiu nng lng.

Bi 1.8
p s: Nng lng c a tn hiu bng v hn.

Ch

Ae j0 n = A2 [cos 2 (0 n) + sin 2 (0 n)] = A

Bi 1.9

Xc nh cng su t trung bnh c a tn hiu nhy bc n v u(n)

Gii

Ta c:

1
P = lim
N 2N + 1

u (n)
N

n=0

1+1 N 1
N +1
=
= lim
= lim
2
N 2N + 1 N 2 + 1 N

Do , tn hiu nhy bc n v l mt tn hiu cng su t.

6

Bi 1.10

Ta c:

1
P = lim
N 2N + 1

n=0

u 2 (n )

1+1 N 1
N +1
= lim
=
2
N 2N + 1 N 2 + 1 N

= lim

Do , tn hiu nhy bc n v l mt tn hiu cng su t.

Bi 1.11

N
1
A2 =A2

N 2 N + 1
n = N

P= lim
Bi 1.12

Ta s thc hin php chp bng th: i sang bin k, gi nguyn x(k), l y i x ng h(k)
qua trc tung thu c h(-k), sau dch chuyn h(-k) theo tng mu tnh l n lt cc gi tr
c a y(n) c th nh hnh sau:

h(k )

x(k )

2
2 3
-1 0 1 2 3 4

L y i x ng h(k)
thu c h(-k)

h( k )

Nhn, cng x(k)

v h(-k)
y(0) = 1.2 + 2.1 = 4

2
-2

-1 0 1 2 3 4

2 3
-1 0 1

Dch chuyn h(-k) ta c v tnh tng t ta c....y(-2)=0, y(-1)=1, y(0)=4, y(1)=8, y(2)=8,
y(3)=3....cui cng ta thu c kt qu:

y ( n ) = , 0, 0, 1, 4, 8, 8, 3, 2, 1, 0, 0,
0

Bi 1.14

Nhn xt: H thng nhn qu h(n) v x(n) u nhn qu

y ( n ) = b k a n k = a n b.a 1
n

k =0

k =0

1 x n +1
C dng: x =
1 x
k =0

1 ( b.a 1 )n +1
a n
y (n) =
1 ( b.a 1 )

n0
n<0

a) i vi cc chui xung u vo x1 (n ) v x 2 (n ) , tn hiu ra tng ng l:

Bi 1.15

y1 (n ) = nx1 (n )

y 2 (n ) = nx 2 (n )

y3 (n ) = H [a1 x1 (n ) + a 2 x 2 (n )] = n[a1 x1 (n ) + a 2 x 2 (n )]

Lin hp tuyn tnh hai tn hiu vo s sinh ra mt tn hiu ra l:

= a1nx1 (n ) + a 2 nx 2 (n )

Trong khi lin hp hai tn hiu ra y1 y2 to nn tn hiu ra:

a1 y1 (n ) + a 2 y 2 (n ) = a1nx1 (n ) + a 2 nx 2 (n )

So snh 2 phng trnh ta suy ra h l tuyn tnh.

b) u ra c a h l bnh phng c a u vo, (Cc thit b in thng c qui lut nh th
v gi l thit b bc 2).
p ng c a h i vi hai tn hiu vo ring r l:

y1 (n ) = x12 (n )

y 2 (n ) = x22 (n )

p ng c a h vi lin hp tuyn tnh hai tn hiu l:

y3 (n ) = H [a1 x1 (n ) + a 2 x 2 (n )] = [a1 x1 (n ) + a 2 x 2 (n )]2

= a12 x12 (n ) + +2a1a 2 x1 (n )x 2 (n ) + a 22 x 22 (n )

Ngc li, nu h tuyn tnh, n s to ra lin hp tuyn tnh t hai tn hiu, t c l:

a1 y1 (n ) + a 2 y 2 (n ) = a1 x12 (n ) + a 2 x22 (n )

V tn hiu ra c a h nh cho khng bng nhau nn h l khng tuyn tnh.

Bi 1.16

a) H tuyn tnh
b) H khng tuyn tnh.
Bi 1.17
Cc h thuc ph n a), b) r rng l nhn qu v u ra ch ph thuc hin ti v qu kh c a
u vo.
Bi 1.18

Cc h ph n a), b) v c) l khng nhn qu v u ra ph thuc c vo gi tr tng lai c a

u vo. H d) cng khng nhn qu v nu la chn n = 1 th y ( 1) = x(1) . Nh vy u ra ta

n = 1 , n nm cch hai n v thi gian v pha tng lai.

Bi 1.19

S1 =

n =

(= 1 = N ) H n nh

h1 ( n ) = N

N 1
n =0

Bi 1.20

h( n) = a + b

H ny khng phi l nhn qu. iu kin n nh l :

n =

n =0

n =

Ta xc nh c rng tng th nh t l hi t vi a < 1 , tng th hai c th c bin i

nh sau:

b =
1

n =

n =1

1
=
n
b
b
1

1 + 1 + 1 +

b b2

= 1+ + 2 + =

y = 1 b phi nh hn n v chui hi t . Bi vy, h l n nh nu c a < 1

v b > 1 u tho mn.

Bi 1.21.
H ng d n

h1 ( n ) = rect3 ( n )

h2 ( n ) = ( n 1) + ( n 2 )
h3 ( n ) = ( n 3 )

Hng dn:
Thc hin h2(n) + h3(n) ri sau l y kt qu thu c chp vi h1(n):
h(n) = h1(n) * [h2(n) + h3(n)]
Bi 1.22

p dng cc cng c thc hin h thng ta v c h thng nh sau:

b0

b0 x ( n)

b1

b1 x ( n 1)

b2

b2 x ( n 2)

b4

b4 x ( n 4)

Ta ch rng tn hiu y (n ) t c t x(n ) bng cch l y mi mt mu khc t x(n ) , bt

Bi 1.23

x(0 ) . Chng hn

y ( 2 ) = x( 4 ) ,v.v...

u vi

y (0 ) = x(0 ) ,

y (1) = x(2 ) ,

y (2 ) = x(4 ) ,...v

y ( 1) = x( 2 ) ,

Ni cch khc, ta b qua cc mu ng vi s l trong x(n ) v gi li cc mu mang s

chn. Tn hiu phi tm c m t nh sau:

y (n ) = x(

-4

-2 -1

0 1

Bi 1.24

y p ( n ) = B 2n

Dng nghim ring l:

n0

Thay y p (n ) vo u bi ta c

B 2n = 56 B 2n 1 16 B 2 n 2 + 2 n

4 B = 56 (2 B) 16 B + 4 v tm th y B = 85
Bi vy, nghim ring l
10

y p (n ) = 8 2 n
5

n0

Bi 1.25

p n:

y(n) = (13/50) (104/75).2 n + (13/6).5 n vi n 0.

Bi 1.26

p n:
Rxx(-2) = Rxx(2) = 1;
Rxx(-1)= Rxx(1)= 2;
Rxx(0).
Lu : hm t tng quan bao gi cng t gi tr cc i ti n=0.
Bi 1.27

Phng n c)
Bi 1.28

Phng n b)
Bi 1.29

Phng n b)
Bi 1.30

Phng n a)

11

CU HI V BI T P CH NG 2
Bi 2.1

Xc nh bin i z c a cc tn hiu hu hn sau

a) x1 (n ) = {1 2 5 7 0 1}

b) x2 (n ) = 1 2 5 7 0 1

c) x3 (n ) = {0 0 1 2 5 7 0 1}

d) x4 (n ) = 2 4 5 7 0 1

Bi 2.2

Xc nh bin i z c a cc tn hiu hu hn sau

a) x1 ( n ) = ( n k ) , k > 0
b) x 2 ( n ) = ( n + k ) , k > 0

Bi 2.3

Xc nh bin i z c a tn hiu:

a n
x(n ) = n u (n ) =
0

[ ( ) 4(3 )]u(n)

Cho x(n ) = 3 2

Bi 2.4

n0
n<0

Xc nh X(z).
Bi 2.5

Xc nh bin i z c a tn hiu:

0 n N 1

1
x(n ) =
0

Bi 2.6

Cho X ( z ) =

z+

1
3

Xc nh x(n) bng phng php khai trin thnh chui ly tha.

Bi 2.7

Cho H ( z ) =

z +3

1
( z 2 + z + 1).( z )
2
12

Xc nh im cc im khng h thng. Biu din trn mt phng z.

Bi 2.8

Cho H ( z ) =

1
( z 2 + z + 1).( z + )
4

Xt n nh h thng?
Bi 2.9

Cho tn hiu X ( z ) =

z+2
, Hy xc nh x(n) = ?
2z 7z + 3
2

Bi 2.10

Cho h thng c hm truyn t

H ( z) =

2z + 3
5
1
z2 + z +
6
6

a) Xc nh im cc im khng c a h thng.
b) Xt xem h thng c n nh khng.
c) Tm p ng xung h(n) c a h thng.
Bi 2.11

Cho h thng c:

H ( z) =

z
2 z 3z + 1
2

a) Hy xt xem h thng c n nh khng

b) Hy xc nh p ng xung c a h thng.
c) Xc nh h(n) khi H ( z ) =

z 2006
2 z 2 3z + 1

Bi 2.12

Cho s h thng:

13

X1 ( z )

z 1

z 1

H 11 ( z )

X2 ( z )

H 12 ( z )

z 1

H2 ( z )

H1 ( z )

Hy xc nh hm truyn t H(z)
Bi 2.13

Cho h thng c hm truyn t:

H ( z) =

1
4 + 3z + 2 z 2 + z 3 + z 4
1

Hy xt s n nh c a h thng.
Bi 2.14

Tm h thng v p ng mu n v c a h thng c m t bng phng tnh sai phn:

y (n ) =

1
y (n 1) + 2 x(n )
2

Bi 2.15

3
Cho tn hiu x ( n ) = u ( n )
2
n

Bin i z c a n s l:
a) X ( z ) =

c) X ( z ) =

3
2

vi z >

3
2

1
3
vi z <
3
2
1 z 1
2

b) X ( z ) =

d) X ( z ) =

z+

3
2

3
1
vi z >
3
2
1 + z 1
2

vi z >

3
2

Bi 2.16

Cch biu din no sau y thng c dng biu din hm truyn t H(Z) c a h thng:

14

a) H ( z ) =

br z r
r =0
N

a z
k =1

c) H ( z ) =

b) H ( z ) =

br z r
M

r =0
N

1 + ak z k

d) H ( z ) =

k =1

Cho tn hiu x(n) =

r =0
N

1 + ak z k
r

k =1

Bi 2.17

b z
M

b z

M 1

r =0
N 1

1 + ak z k
r

k =1

n a n u (n ) hy cho bit trng hp no sau y l bin i X(z) c a

n:

z 1

a)

(1 az 1 )

c)

(1 az )
az 1

1 2

vi z > a

vi

z<a

b)

(1 az )

d)

(1 az 1 )

az 1

1 2

vi z > a
vi z > a

az

Bi 2.18

Ph n t Z-1 trong h thng ri rc l ph n t:

a) ph n t tr

b) ph n t tch phn

c) ph n t vi phn

c) ph n t nghch o

Bi 2.19

H thng s c trng bi hm truyn t H(z) s n nh nu:

a) T t c cc im khng (Zero) zor phn b bn trong vng trn n v.
b) T t c cc im cc (Pole) zpk c a h thng phn b bn trong vng trn n v.
c) T t c cc im cc (Pole) zpk c a h thng phn b bn ngoi vng trn n v.
d) T t c cc im khng (Zero) zor phn b bn ngoi vng trn n v.
Bi 2.20

Phng n no sau y th hin hm truyn t c a h thng biu din theo dng im cc

v im khng?
a) H ( z ) = G.

( z z )
M

r =1
N

0r

k =1

0k

( z z )

b) H ( z ) = G.

(z z )
N

k =1
M

pk

r =1

0r

( z z )

15

c) H ( z ) = G.

( z z0 r )
M

d) H ( z ) = G.

(z z )
r =1
N

k =1

pk

( z z )
M

(z z )
r =0
N

0r

k =0

pk

P N CH NG II
Bi 2.1

p n

a) X 1 ( z ) = 1 + 2 z 1 + 5 z 2 + 7 z 3 + z 5 , RC c mt phng z , tr z = 0 .

b) X 2 ( z ) = z 2 + 2 z + 5 + 7 z 1 + z 3 , RC: c mt phng z , tr z = 0 v z =

c) X 3 ( z ) = z 2 + 2 z 3 + 5 z 4 + 7 z 5 + z 7 , RC: c mt phng z , tr z = 0 .

d) X 4 ( z ) = 2 z 2 + 4 z + 5 + 7 z 1 + z 3 , RC: c mt phng z , tr z = 0 v z =
Bi 2.2

p n:

a) X1 ( z ) = z

( n k ) z k ], k > 0 , RC: c mt phng z , tr z = 0 .

ZT

[ngha l,

b) X 2 ( z ) = z [ngha l,
k

( n + k ) z k ], k > 0, RC: c mt phng z , tr z = .

ZT

Bi 2.3

Theo nh ngha ta c:
X (z ) =

n=0

n n

n
(
z 1 )

n=0

Nu z 1 < 1 hoc tng ng z > , th chui ny hi t n 1 / 1 z 1 .

Nh vy, ta s c cp bin i z .

x ( n ) = n u ( n ) X ( z ) =
z

1
1 z 1

RC : z >

Min hi t RC l min nm ngoi ng trn c bn knh .

Lu rng, ni chung, c n khng phi l s thc.
Bi 2.4

p n

16

X(z) =

3
4

1 2z 1 1 3z 1

RC : z > 3

Bi 2.5

Ta c:

X ( z ) = 1.z
N 1
n =0

= 1 + z + ... + z
1

( N 1)

= 1 z N

1 z 1

v x(n ) l hu hn, nn RC c a n l c mt phng z , tr z = 0 .

z =1

z 1

Bi 2.6

p n:
Thc hin ging v d 2.5 ta c:
x(n) = (-1/3)n. u(n)
Bi 2.7

im cc: zp1, p2 = (-1/2) j(3/2); zp3 = .

im khng: zo1 = -3
Bi 2.8

p n: H thng khng n nh
Bi 2.9

Ta c:

X (z)
z

X (z)
z

=
=

z+2
1
c 3 im cc z p1 = , z p 2 = 3 , z p 3 = 0
2
( 2 z 7 z + 3) z
2

A
z+2
A1
A
=
+ 2 + 3
1
1 z 3 z

2 z ( z 3) z 2 z
2
2

u l cc n nn:

A1 = z
2

z+2

2 z ( z 3) z
2

z=

1
2

1
5
+2
2
2
=
=
= 1
1
1
51
2 3.
1
2 2
22

17

A2 = ( z 3)

A3 = z

Vy:

X (z)
z

z+2
1

2 z ( z 3) z
2

z+2
1

2 z ( z 3) z
2

=
z= 0

=
z =3

3+ 2
5
1
=
=
5 3
1

2 3 .3 6.
2
2

0+2
2
=
3
1
2 ( 3)
2

1
1
=
+ 3 +3
1

z 3 z
2 z
2

X ( z) =

1 z
1 z
1
+
+
2 z 1 3 z 3 3
2

m = 0 th

1
2
1 1
x ( n ) = u ( n ) + 3n u ( n ) + ( n )
3
3
2 2
n

Nh vy hon thnh bin i Z ngc.

Bi 2.10

p n:
a) H c 1 irm khng z01 = -3/2; hai im cc l zp1 = -1/3 v zp2 = -1/2
b) Cn c vo cc im cc u nm trong vng trn n v ta th y h thng n nh.
c/ Tm h(n) ging bi tp 2.9
Bi 2.11

p n:
a) H thng khng n nh
b) h(n) = 2.u(n) 2.(1/2)n .u(n)
c) Da vo kt qu cu b) v tnh ch t tr ta c
h(n) = 2.u(n+2006) 2.(1/2)2006u(n+2006)
Bi 2.12

p dng: Trong min z: song song th cng, ni tip th nhn.

18

Phn tch ra H1(z), H2(z),

H ( z ) = H1 ( z ) .H 2 ( z )

H1 ( z ) = H11 ( z ) + H12 ( z )

H11 ( z ) =

X1 ( z )
X ( z)

X 1 ( z ) = 2 X ( z ) + 3 z 1 X ( z )

H11 ( z ) = 2 + 3 z 1

H12 ( z ) =

X2 ( z)
X ( z)

X 2 ( z ) = X ( z ) + 4 z 1 X 2 ( z )

X ( z ) = X 2 ( z ) (1 4 z 1 )

H12 ( z ) =

1
1 4 z 1

H1 ( z ) = 2 + 3z 1 +

H 2 ( z ) = z 1

1
1 4 z 1

1 1

H ( z ) = 2 + 3z 1 +
z
1 4 z 1

Bi 2.13

p dng tiu chun Jury. H n nh

Bi 2.14

Bng cch tnh bin i z c a phng trnh sai phn, ta c:

Y (z ) =

1 1
z Y (z ) + 2 X (z )
2

Y (z )
H (z ) =
X (z )

Do vy hm h thng l:

2
1
1 z 1
2

H thng ny c mt cc ti z = 1 v mt zero ti gc 0.
2

19

Ta c:

(2 )

n
h(n ) = 2 1 u (n )

y l p ng xung n v c a h thng.
Bi 2.15

Phng n a)
Bi 2.16

Phng n b)
Bi 2.17

Phng n b)
Bi 2.18

Phng n a)
Bi 2.19

Phng n b)
Bi 2.20

Phng n c)

20

CU HI V BI T P CH NG 3
Bi 3.1

Xc nh bin i Fourier c a tn hiu

x (n ) = a

1 < a < 1

Bi 3.2

Tm bin i Fourier v ph bin c a dy

0 n L 1

A
x (n ) =
0

vi minh ho nh hnh sau

x(n )

....

L 1

Bi 3.3

Hy tnh php chp cc dy x 1 ( n ) * x 2

x1 ( n

)=

( n ) vi

x 2 ( n ) = 1, 1 , 1
0

thng qua bin i Fourier.

Bi 3.4

Xc nh mt ph nng lng S x x e j
x (n ) = a n u (n ) 1 < a < 1

) c a tn hiu

Bi 3.5

Cho x(n) = a nu (n) vi a = 0.5 v a = 0.5 . Hy biu din mt ph nng lng

S x x e j

Bi 3.6

3
Cho tn hiu x ( n ) = u ( n ) . Ph c a tn hiu s l p n no sau y:
4
n

21

( )

b) X e j =

a) Khng tn ti.

( )

c) X e j =

( )

d) X e j =

1
3
1 e j
4

1
3
1 + e j
4
1
3
1 e j
4

Bi 3.7

4
Cho tn hiu x ( n ) = u ( n ) . Ph c a tn hiu s l p n no sau y:
3
n

( )

b) X e j =

a) Khng tn ti.

( )

c) X e j =

( )

d) X e j =

1
4
1 e j
3

1
4
1 + e j
3
1
4
1 e j
3

Thnh ph n tng ng c a x (n k ) khi chuyn sang min t n s s l:

Bi 3.8

a) e j k X e j

c) e j k X e j

b) e j k X e j

d) e j k X e j

)
)

Thnh ph n tng ng c a x (n ) cos 0 n khi chuyn sang min t n s s l:

Bi 3.9

a)

c)

1
X ( + 0 )
2

b)

1
1
X ( + 0 ) + X ( 0 )
2
2

d)

1
X ( 0 )
2

1
1
X ( + 0 ) X ( 0 )
2
2

Bi 3.10

Thnh ph n tng ng c a e j 0 n x (n ) khi chuyn sang min t n s s l:

a) X e j ( + 0 )

c) e j 0 X e j ( 0 )

b) X e j ( 0 )

d) e j 0 X e j ( + 0 )

Bi 3.11

Khi no pha c a b lc s l tng bng 0 th quan h gia p ng t n s v p ng bin

t n s s l:

22

( )

( )

( )

( )

a) H e j = H e j

b) H e j = H e j

c) H e j = H e j e j

d) H e j = H e j e j

( )

( )

( )

( )

Bi 3.12

p ng xung h(n) c a b lc s thng th p l tng pha 0 c biu din dng no sau

y:

a) h ( n ) =
c) h ( n ) =

c sin c n
c n

c sin c n
c n

b) h ( n ) =
d) h ( n ) =

sin c n
.n

c sin c n
n

Bi 3.13

p ng xung h(n) c a b lc s thng cao l tng pha 0 c biu din dng no sau
y:

a) h ( n ) = (n)
c) h ( n ) = (n) +

c sin c n
c n

c sin c n
c n

b) h ( n ) = (n)
d) h ( n ) = (n)

sin c n
.n

c sin c n
n

Bi 3.14

p ng xung h(n) c a b lc s thng di l tng pha 0 vi t n s ct c1 < c2 c biu

din dng no sau y:

c 2 sin c 2 n c1 sin c1n

+
c 2 n
c1n
sin c 2 n c1 sin c1n
b) h ( n ) = c 2

c 2 n
c1n

a) h ( n ) =

c 2 sin c 2 n c1 sin c1n

c 2 n
c1n
sin c1n c 2 sin c 2 n
d) h ( n ) = c1

c1n
c 2 n

c) h ( n ) =

Bi 3.15

p ng xung h(n) c a b lc s chn di l tng pha 0 vi t n s ct c1 < c2 c biu

din dng no sau y:
a) h ( n ) = (n)

b) h ( n ) = (n)

c1 sin c1n c 2 sin c 2 n

+
c1n
c 2 n

c 2 sin c 2 n c1 sin c1n

c 2 n
c1n
23

c) h ( n ) = (n) +
d) h ( n ) = (n)

c 2 sin c 2 n c1 sin c1n

c 2 n
c1n

c 2 sin c 2 n c1 sin c1n

+
c 2 n
c1n

Bi 3.16

Ch t lng b lc s tt khi:

a) + gn sng di thng 1, di chn 2 u nh.

+ T n s gii hn di thng p, t n s gii hn di chn s cch xa nhau (ngha l di

qu ln).

b) + gn sng di thng 1, di chn 2 ln.

+ T n s gii hn di thng p, t n s gii hn di chn s g n nhau (ngha l di qu

nh).

c) + gn sng di thng 1, di chn 2 u nh.

+ T n s gii hn di thng p, t n s gii hn di chn s g n nhau (ngha l di qu

nh).

d) + gn sng di thng 1, di chn 2 u ln.

+ T n s gii hn di thng p, t n s gii hn di chn s cch xa nhau(ngha l di

qu ln).

Bi 3.17

Nhng cu tr li no sau y l ng:

a) Bin i Fuorier l trng hp ring c a bin i Z
b) Bin i Z l trng hp ring c a bin i Fourier
c) Bin i Fourier l bin i Z thc hin trn vng trn n v
d) Bin i Fourier hon ton c lp vi bin i Z.
Bi 3.18

Cc tn hiu trong min t n s c tnh ch t:

a) Tu n hon vi chu k l

b) Tu n hon vi chu k l 2
c) Khng phi l tn hiu tu n hon

d) Tu n hon khi 0.

P N CH NG III
Bi 3.1

24

Ta phn ra lm 2 trng hp n < 0 v n > 0 ng vi cc tn hiu x1(n) v x2(n)

X ( ) = X 1 ( ) + X 2 ( )

nh vy ta c kt qu:

1 a2
=
1 2 a cos + a 2

V x(n ) l mt kh tng tuyt i nn bin i Fourier c a n tn ti. Hn na, x(n ) l tn

Bi 3.2

hiu nng lng hu hn vi

X e j =

X e

E x = A L . Bin i Fourier c a tn hiu ny l

)=

L 1

1 e j L
1 e j

Ae j n = A

n=0

j ( L 1)
2

Ae

( )

s in ( L / 2 )
s in ( / 2 )

Vi = 0 , bin i ta c X e j 0 = A L .

Ph bin c a x(n ) c dng

=0

AL

X ( ) = sin ( L / 2 )
A sin ( / 2 )

Bi 3.3

)=

S dng bin i Fourier, ta c

X 1 e j
Do

X 2 e j

) = 1 + 2 co s

X (e j ) = X 1 (e j ) X 2 (e j ) = (1 + 2 cos ) 2
= 3 + 4 cos + 2 cos 2

= 3 + 2(e j + e j ) + (e j 2 + e j 2 )
Bin i Fourier ngc ta c:

x (n

)=

3
0

Kt qu ny trng vi kt qu nu ta tnh tch chp trn bng phng php th.

V a < 1 nn dy x(n ) l mt kh tng tuyt i. C th thm tra li bng cch dng cng

Bi 3.4

th c tng c p s nhn, ngha l

25

n =

x(n) =

n =0

1
<
1 a

V th bin i Fourier c a x(n ) tn ti nh vy:

X ( ) =

n j n

a e

n=0

V ae j = a < 1 , nn

X ( ) =

n
(
ae j )

n=0

1 ae j

Ph mt nng lng l

S xx (

)=

X (

)2

= X ( ) X * (

)=

(1 ae

)(1 ae j )

hoc tng ng

S xx (

)=

1
2 2 a cos + a 2

Hnh biu din tn hiu x(n ) v ph tng ng c a n khi a = 0.5 v a = 0.5 . Nhn xt:

Bi 3.5

khi a = 0.5 tn hiu bin i nhanh hn v ph ln hn cc t n s cao.

Bi 3.6

p n: Phng n d)
26

Bi 3.7

p n: Phng n a)
Bi 3.8

p n: Phng n d)
Bi 3.9

p n: Phng n c)
Bi 3.10

p n: Phng n b)
Bi 3.11

p n: Phng n a).
Bi 3.12

p n: Phng n c)
Bi 3.13

p n: Phng n a)
Bi 3.14

p n: Phng n b)
Bi 3.15

p n: Phng n d)
Bi 3.16

p n: Phng n c)
Bi 3.17

p n: Phng n a) v c)
Bi 3.18

p n: Phng n b)

27

CU HI V BI T P CH NG 4
Cho dy tu n hon x ( n )

Bi 4.1

0n5
6 n 11

1
x (n) =
0

Hy xc nh X ( k ) .

chu k N = 12.

Bi 4.2

Cho dy tu n hon chu k 4 nh sau:

x ( n )4

1
2

=
4
3

n=0
n =1
n=2
n=4

x ( n )4

4
3

=
2
1

n=0
n =1
hy xc nh X ( k )
n=2
n=4

hy xc nh X ( k )

Bi 4.3

Cho:

Bi 4.4

Cho tn hiu c chiu di hu hn:

1
x (n ) =
0

0 n L 1
n

Hy tnh bin i DFT c a dy x(n) c chiu di N vi N L

Bi 4.5

Hy ch ng minh:

N 1 j 2 n.r
N
n =0

N
=
0

r = l.N
n

l: nguyn
Bi 4.6

Cho hai dy

x1(n)4 = (n 1)

28

 n
1
x(n) 4 = 4
0

0n4
n

Hy xc nh php chp vng c a 2 dy trn

Bin i DFT c a mt tn hiu tu n hon chu k N x ( n ) N s l:

Bi 4.7

1
a) X ( k ) =
N

x ( n ) .e
N 1
n =0

c) X ( k ) = x ( n ) .e
N 1
n =0

b) X ( k ) = x ( n ) .e

2
kn
N

N 1
n =0

d) X ( k ) =

2
kn
N

1
N

2
kn
N

x ( n ) .e
N 1

n =0

Bin i ngc IDFT c a mt tn hiu X ( k ) chu k N s l:

2
kn
N

Bi 4.8

a) x ( n ) =

1
N

X ( k ) .e
N 1
k =0

c) x ( n ) = X ( k ) .e
N 1
k =0

b) x ( n ) = X ( k ) .e

2
kn
N

N 1

d) x ( n ) =

2
kn
N

k =0

1
N

2
kn
N

X ( k ) .e
N 1
k =0

2
kn
N

Bi 4.9

Cp bin i xui, ngc DFT i vi dy c chiu di x(n)N s l:

1 N 1
kn
x ( n ) WN
a) X ( k ) = N n =0
0

N 1
kn
x ( n ) WN
b) X ( k ) = n =0
0

0 k N 1

1 N 1
kn
x ( n ) WN
c) X ( k ) = N n =0
0

N 1
kn
x ( n )WN
d) X ( k ) = n =0
0

0 k N 1

0 k N 1
k

0 k N 1
k

1 N 1
kn
0 n N 1
X ( k )WN
x ( n ) = N k =0
0
n

x (n) = N
0

x (n) = N
0

X ( k )W
N 1
k =0

kn
N

X ( k )W
N 1
k =0

kn
N

N 1
kn
X ( k ) WN
x ( n ) = k =0
0

0 n N 1
n

0 n N 1
n

0 n N 1
n

Bi 4.10

Ta c th tnh php chp tuyn tnh hai dy x1(n) v x2(n) c chiu di L[x1(n)]=N1 v
L[x2(n)]=N2 thng qua bin i DFT nu ta chn chiu di thc hin bin i DFT l:
29

a) N N1 + N2 -1

b) N N1 + N2 -1

c) N<N1 + N2 -1

d) N > N1 + N2 -1

P N CH NG IV
Bi 4.1

Hng dn: Cch lm tng t v d 4.1

Bi 4.2

y l dy tu n hon chu k N=4

Da vo bin i DFT X ( k ) = x ( n ) .e
N 1

n =0

2
kn
N

Ta c:

2
kn
N

=e

= ( j ) k .n

2
kn
4

=e

j kn
2

= (e

2 k .n

T y ta thay vo c:

X ( k ) = x ( n ) .( j ) kn
N 1
n =0

Vy:

X ( 0 ) = x(n).( j ) 0.n = 10
3

n =0

X (1) = x(n).( j ) 1.n = 3 + j

3

n =0

X ( 2 ) = x(n).( j ) 2.n = 0
3

n =0

X ( 3) = x(n).( j ) 3.n = 3 j
3

n =0

Bi 4.3

Hng dn: Gii tng t bi trn

Bi 4.4

p n:

X (k ) =

1 e j 2 kn / N

k = 0 ,1,...., N 1
1 e j 2 k / N
sin ( kL / N ) j k ( L 1 ) / N
e
=
N sin ( k / N )
30

Bi 4.6

p n: Cch lm tng t v d 4.6 v ta c:

x3 ( n )4 = x1 ( n )4 (*)4 x2 ( n )4 = x1 ( m )4 x2 ( n m )4 = x2 (n 1) 4
3

m =0

T c x3(0)4 = 1/4; x3(1)4 = 1; x3(2)4 = 3/4; x3(3)4 = 1/2.

Bi 4.7

p n: Phng n b)
Bi 4.8

p n: Phng n d)
Bi 4.9

p n: Phng n b)
Bi 4.10

p n ng: a)

31

CU HI V BI T P CH NG 5
Bi 5.1

Cho b lc FIR loi 1 vi N=7 c p ng xung h(n) c xc nh h(0)=1, h(1)=2, h(2)=3,

h(3)= 4.
Tm v p ng xung h(n)

Bi 5.2

Cho b lc FIR loi 2 vi N=6 c p ng xung h(n) c xc nh h(0)=1, h(1)=2, h(2)=3.

Tm v p ng xung h(n).
Bi 5.3

Cho b lc FIR loi 3 vi N=7 c p ng xung h(n) c xc nh h(0)=1, h(1)=2, h(2)=3.

Tm v p ng xung h(n).
Bi 5.4

Cho b lc FIR loi 4 vi N=6 c p ng xung h(n) c xc nh h(0)=1, h(1)=2, h(2)=3.

Tm v p ng xung h(n).
Bi 5.5

c =

Hy thit k b lc s FIR thng cao pha tuyn tnh, dng ca s Barlett vi N = 9,

Bi 5.6

c =

Hy thit k b lc s FIR thng cao pha tuyn tnh, dng ca s ch nht vi N = 9,

Bi 5.7

c1 =

Hy thit k b lc s FIR thng di pha tuyn tnh, dng ca s ch nht vi N = 9,

, c 2 =

Bi 5.8

c1 =

Hy thit k b lc s FIR chn di pha tuyn tnh, dng ca s tam gic Barlett vi N = 9,

, c 2 =

Bi 5.9

Ch t lng ca s s tt khi no:

a) B rng nh trung tm hp v t s gia bin nh th c p th nh t trn bin

nh trung tm: = 20 lg

( )
W (e )

W e js
j0

phi nh.

32

b) B rng nh trung tm ln v t s gia bin nh th c p th nh t trn bin

nh trung tm: = 20 lg

( )
W (e )

W e js
j0

phi nh.

c) B rng nh trung tm ln v t s gia bin nh th c p th nh t trn bin

nh trung tm: = 20 lg

( )
W (e )

W e js
j0

ln.

d) B rng nh trung tm hp v t s gia bin nh th c p th nh t trn bin

nh trung tm: = 20 lg

( )
W (e )

W e js
j0

ln.

Bi 5.10

Ca s Hanning c ch t lng km hn ca s Hamming v:

a) B rng nh trung tm c a ca s Hanning ln hn ca s Hamming
b) B rng nh trung tm c a ca s Hanning nh hn ca s Hamming
c) T s gia bin nh th c p th nh t trn bin nh trung tm c a ca s Hanning
ln hn ca s Hamming.
d) T s gia bin nh th c p th nh t trn bin nh trung tm c a ca s Hanning
nh hn ca s Hamming.
Bi 5.11

Ca s Blackman c gn sng th p nh t so vi cc ca s Hanning, Hamming, tam gic

v ch nht v:
a) B rng nh trung tm c a ca s Blackman nh nh t.
b) B rng nh trung tm c a ca s Blackman ln nh t.
c) T s gia bin nh th
Blackman ln nh t.

c p th

nh t trn bin nh trung tm c a ca s

d) T s gia bin nh th c p th nh t trn bin nh trung tm c a ca s

Blackman nh nh t.
Bi 5.12

Khi thit k b lc s FIR pha tuyn tnh thc ch t l chng ta xc nh:

a) Cc h s c a b lc

b) Loi c u trc b lc

c) Chiu di c a b lc

d) c tnh pha c a b lc

Bi 5.13

Khi thit k b lc FIR bng phng php ca s, nu b lc cha p ng c cc ch

tiu k thut th ta phi:
a) Thay i loi ca s

b) Tng chiu di c a ca s
33

c) Dng c phng php a) v b)

d) Thay c u trc b lc

Bi 5.14

Khi thit k, nu ta tng chiu di N c a ca s, ta th y:

a) gn sng c di thng v di chn tng theo.
b) gn sng c di thng v di chn gim i.

c) T n s gii hn di thng p v t n s gii hn chn s g n nhau hn.

d) T n s gii hn di thng p v t n s gii hn chn s xa nhau hn.

P N CH NG V
Bi 5.1

Ta c FIR loi 1

N 1
2
h( n) = h( N 1 n )

Vy

(0 n N 1)

N 1 6
= = 3;
2
2

h(0) = h(6) =1 ;

h(1) = h(5) =2;

h(2) = h(4) =3;

h(3) = 4.

Bi 5.2

Ta c FIR loi 2

N 1
2
h( n) = h( N 1 n )

Vy

(0 n N 1)

N 1
vy tm i x ng nm gia 2 v 3.
2

h(0) = h(5) =1 ;

h(1) = h(4) =2;

h(2) = h(3) =3.

Bi 5.3

Ta c FIR loi 3

N 1
2
h( n) = h( N 1 n)

(0 n N 1)
34

Vy

N 1
= 3 vy tm phn i x ng nm ti 3.
2

h(0) = -h(6) =1 ;

h(1) = -h(5) =2;

h(2) = -h(4) =3;

h(3) = h(-3) = 0.

Bi 5.4

Ta c FIR loi 4

N 1
2
h( n) = h( N 1 n)

Vy

(0 n N 1)

N 1
vy tm phn i x ng nm gia 2 v 3.
2

h(0) = -h(5) =1 ;

h(1) = -h(4) =2;

h(2) = -h(3) =3.

Bi 5.5

Cng th c b lc thng cao pha khng ( ( ) = 0 ):

hhp ( n ) = ( n )

c sin c n
c n

Trong bi ny c dch i, t pha khng chuyn sang pha tuyn tnh

( ) =

9 1
N 1
=
= 4
2
2

sin ( n 4 )
c sin c ( n 4 )
1
4
= ( n 4)
hhp ( n ) = ( n 4 )

4
c ( n 4 )
n4
Hd ( z ) =
Hay:

1
1 2
3
3
3
1 6
1
z 1
z
z 3 + z 4
z 5
z
z 7
4
4
4
12 2
4 2
4 3
12 2

y ( n) =

1
1
3
x ( n 1)
x ( n 2)
x ( n 3)
4
12 2
4 2
3
3
1
1
+ x ( n 3)
x ( n 5)
x ( n 6)
x (n 7)
4
4
4 3
12 2

Bi 5.6, Bi 5.7, Bi 5.8 Cch lm tng t v d trn.

Bi 5.9

35

p n: Phng n a)
Bi 5.10

p n: Phng n c).
Bi 5.11

p n: Phng n d)
Bi 5.12

p n: Phng n a)
Bi 5.13

p n: Phng n c)
Bi 5.14

p n: Phng n b).

36

CU HI N T P V BI T P CH NG 6
Bi 6.1

Cho hm truyn t b lc tng t: H a (s ) =

1
s +1

Hy chuyn sang b lc s bng phng php tng ng vi phn vi tthi gian l y mu

T=0.1
Bi 6.2

Bin i b lc tng t c hm h thng:

H a (s ) =

s + 0,1

( s + 0,1) 2 + 9

thnh b lc s IIR nh phng php b t bin xung.

Bi 6.3

Cho mch in sau y:

Hy chuyn mch ny thnh mch s bng phng php tng ng vi phn

Bi 6.4

Hy chuyn b lc tng t sau sang b lc s bng phng php bin i song tuyn.

Bi 6.5

Xc nh c p v cc cc c a b lc Butterworth thng th p c rng bng -3dB l 500Hz

v suy gim 40dB ti 1000Hz.
Bi 6.6

B lc Butterworth c m t dng nh sau

37

Ha (s) =

(s s )
H0

k =1

vi cc im cc s pk = e

1 2 k 1
j +

2 2n

pk

Trong H 0 = s pk = 1 (chun ha)

n

k =1

Hy xc nh hm truyn t Ha(s) khi n= 3

Bi 6.7

p ng bin t n s b lc s IIR theo phng php Butterworth c dng:

Hy cho bit tham s N v tham s c nh hnh v l:

a) bc c a b lc v t n s di chn

b) chiu di c a b lc v t n s di thng

c) bc c a b lc v t n s ct

d) chiu di c a b lc v t n s ct

Bi 6.8

Khi bc N c a b lc Butterworth tng ln th:

a) Ch t lng c a b lc c ci thin.
b) Ch t lng c a b lc gim i
c) Ch t lng khng ph thuc vo vic tng bc N c a b lc
d) Ch t lng khng b nh hng ch c t n s ct thay i.
Bi 6.9

p ng bnh phng bin t n s c a b lc Chebyshev loi I l:

a) H () =
2

1
1+ TN ( / c )

b) H () =
2

1
1+ T ( / c )
2

2
N

38

c) H () =
2

d) H () =

1
1+ T ( / c )

2
N

1
1+ T (c / )
2

2
N

Bi 6.10

p ng bnh phng bin t n s c a b lc Elip l:

a) H () =
2

c) H () =
2

1+ U

b) H () =

( / c )

1
2
N

d) H ()

1+ U N ( / c )
1

y U N ( x ) l hm elp Jacobian bc N .

1+ U
2

1
2
N

( / c )

1+ U N ( / c )
1

P N CH NG VI
Bi 6.1

Ta c: nh x chuyn sang min s theo phng php tng ng vi phn l: s =

Do vy ta c:

H (z ) =

Hay vi T=0.1:

H (z ) =

[(1 z

/T +1

zT /(1 + T )
z [1 /(1 + T )]

1 z 1
T

0,09 z
0,09
=
z 0,909 1 0,909 z 1

Bi 6.2

Ta ch rng b lc tng t c mt im khng ti s = 0.1 v mt cp ph c bin lin

hp ti:

s pk = 0.1 j 3

Ta tm H ( z ) trc tip theo khai trin phn th c c a H a (s ) . Nh vy ta c:

1
1
2
2
H (s ) =
+
s + 0,1 j 3 s + 0,1 + j 3
Khi :

39

1
1
2
2
H (z ) =
+
0,1T j 3T 1
0,1T j 3T 1
1 e
1 e
e
z
e
z
V hai cc l ph c lin hp, ta c th kt hp chng to ra b lc hai cc n vi hm h
thng:

H (z ) =

Bi 6.3

Ha ( s) =
Ha ( s) =
H (z) =

H ( z) =

1 e 0,1T cos 3Tz 1

1 2e 0,1T cos 3Tz 1 + e 0,2T z 1

ura
R sL
R sL
, vi ura = i 2
; uvo = i R1 + 2

R2 + sL
R2 + sL
uvo

R2 sL
R2 Ls
=
R1 R2 + R1sL + R2 sL R1 R2 + ( R1 + R2 ) Ls
1 z 1
R2 L
Ts

1 z 1
R1 R2 + ( R1 + R2 ) L
Ts

R2 L (1 z 1 )

R2 L (1 z 1 )

R1 R2Ts + ( R1 + R2 ) L (1 z 1 )

R1 R2Ts + ( R1 + R2 ) L ( R1 + R2 ) Lz 1

R2 L
1 z 1 )
(
R R T + ( R1 + R2 ) L
H (z) = 1 2 s
( R1 + R2 ) L
z 1
1
R1 R2Ts + ( R1 + R2 ) L
M = 1 b0 =

R2 L
;
R1 R2Ts + ( R1 + R2 ) L

N = 1 a1 =

( R1 + R2 ) L
R1 R2Ts + ( R1 + R2 ) L

b1 = b0

Vy: y ( n ) = b0 x ( n ) + b1 x ( n 1) + a1 y ( n 1)
Sau ta v s c u trc b lc s.
Bi 6.4

Tng t nh cc bi trn.
Bi 6.5

Cc t n s ti hn chnh l t n s -3dB c v t n s bng chn s . C th, chng bng:

40

 c = 1000

s = 2000

ng vi suy gim 40dB, 2 = 0.01 . V th, t (8.2.54) ta c:

log10 (10 4 1)
N=
= 6,64
2 log10 2

tho mn cc ch tiu mong mun, ta chn N = 7 . Cc v tr cc l:

s pk = 1000 e

j [ / 2 + (2 k +1) /14]

k = 0, 1, 2, , 6

Bi 6.6

Cc im cc ny u c phn b u trong vng trn Butterworth. Khi chun ha th

cc vng trn c bn knh l 1, khng chun ha th bn knh l c .

Ha (s) =
Ha (s) =

Ha (s) =

( s + 1) s e

2
j
3

2
j

s e 3

( s + 1) s 2 + 1 + s e

2
3

2
3

( s + 1) s 2 + 1 + s 2 cos

1
( s + 1) s 2 s + 1

Bi 6.7 p n: Phng n c)
Bi 6.8 p n: Phng n a)
Bi 6.9 p n: Phng n b)
Bi 6.10 p n: Phng n d)

41

CU HI V BI T P CH NG 7
Bi 7.1

Hy tnh ton DFT vi N = 15 im bng tch c a cc DFT 3 im v 5 im.

Bi 7.2

Ch ng minh rng mi s

e j (2 N )k

0 k N 1

tng ng vi mt cn bc N c a n v. V nhng s ny dng cc pha trong mt

phng ph c v minh ho tnh ch t trc giao bng cch s dng nhn xt ny:

e (
N 1
n=0

j 2 N )kn j (2 N )n

N
=
0

k =l

k l

Bi 7.3

Hy ch ng minh rng vi hnh dng cnh bm nh sau

X i +1 ( p)

X i ( p)

X i (q)

Ta c:

Re X i +1 ( p) < 1;
Re X i +1 (q) < 1;

X i +1 (q)

Re X i +1 ( p + 1) < 1

Re X i +1 (q + 1) < 1

Nu:

X i ( p) <

1
2

X i (q) <

1
2

Bi 7.4

V th lu tn hiu c 16 im s dng thut ton FFT c s 4 chia theo thi gian

trong dy u vo c trt t bnh thng v cc tnh ton c thc hin ti ch.
Bi 7.5

V th lu tn hiu c 16 im s dng thut ton FFT c s 4 chia theo thi gian,

trong dy vo v dy ra c trt t bnh thng.

42

P N CH NG VII
Bi 7.1

minh ho cho th tc tnh ton trn, chng ta hy xem xt vic tnh mt DFT N = 15
im. N = 3 5 = 15 nn ta chn L = 5 v M = 3 . Mt khc chng ta lu dy x(n ) 15 im

Hng 1 : x(0, 0 ) =
Hng 2 : x(1, 0 ) =
Hng 3 : x(2, 0 ) =
Hng 4 : x(3, 0 ) =

theo kiu ct nh sau:

x(0 ) x(0, 1) = x(5) x(0, 2 ) = x(10 )

x(1) x(1, 1) = x(6 ) x(1, 2 ) = x(11)
x(2 ) x(2, 1) = x(7 ) x(2, 2 ) = x(12)
x(3) x(3, 1) = x(8) x(3, 2 ) = x(13)

Hng 5 : x(4, 0 ) = x(4 ) x(4, 1) = x(9) x(4, 2 ) = x(14)

0
1
2

W Nlq

(L = 5)

DFT 5 im

(M

= 3)

5
8
11
14

DFT 3 im

0
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14

Tnh ton DFT vi N = 15 im bng tch c a cc DFT 3 im v 5 im.

By gi chng ta tnh l n lt DFT 3 im c a cc hng. Vic tnh ton ny dn n mng

53 sau :

F (0, 0)
F (1, 0 )
F (2, 0)
F (3, 0)

F (0, 1)
F (1, 1)
F (2, 1)
F (3, 1)

F (0, 2)
F (1, 2 )
F (2, 2)
F (3, 2)

F (4, 0) F (4, 1) F (4, 2)

43

Trong bc tip theo c n phi nhn mi gi tr F (l , q ) vi h s pha W N = W15 , vi

0 l 4 v 0 q 2 . Vic tnh ton ny dn n mng 53 :
lq

Ct 1
G (0, 0)
G (1, 0 )
G (2, 0)
G (3, 0)
G (4, 0)

Ct 2
G (0, 1)
G (1, 1)
G (2, 1)
G (3, 1)
G (4, 1)

lq

Ct 3
G (0, 2)
G (1, 2)
G (2, 2)
G (3, 2)
G (4, 2)

Bc cui cng l tnh ton DFT 5 im l n lt cho 3 hng. Vic tnh ton l n cui ny ta
nhn c cc gi tr mong mun c a DFT dng :

X (0, 0) =
X (1, 0) =
X (2, 0) =
X (3, 0) =

x(0) X (0, 1) = x(5) X (0, 2) = x(10)

x(1) X (1, 1) = x(6) X (1, 2) = x(11)
x(2) X (2, 1) = x(7 ) X (2, 2) = x(12)
x(3) X (3, 1) = x(8) X (3, 2) = x(13)

X (4, 0) = x(4) X (4, 1) = x(9 ) X (4, 2) = x(14)

Ta c n quan tm n vic dy d liu c phn chia v kt qu DFT X (k ) c lu trong

Minh ho trong hnh 9.9 th hin cc bc tnh ton ny.

cc mng mt chiu. Khi dy u vo x(n ) v dy u ra c a DFT X (k ) trong cc mng hai

chiu c c cho t hng 1 sang hng 5 th cc dy chng ta nhn c l :

DY U VO

x(0 ) x(5) x(10 ) x(1) x(6 ) x(11) x(2 ) x(7 ) x(12 ) x(3) x(8) x(13) x(14 ) x(9 ) x(14 )

DY U RA

X (0) X (1) X (2) X (3) X (4) X (5) X (6 ) X (7 ) X (8) X (9 ) X (10 ) X (11) X (12 ) X (13) X (14 )

Chng ta th y rng dy u vo b xo trn t cc trt t bnh thng trong tnh ton DFT.
Mt khc, dy u ra li tun ng vi trt t. Trong trng hp ny vic sp xp li mng u
vo ph thuc vo vic phn on c a mng mt chiu thnh mng hai chiu v trt t m theo
cc tnh ton DFT c tnh. Vic xo trn c a dy d liu u vo hoc dy d liu u ra ny l
mt c tnh chung c a h u ht cc thut ton tnh ton FFT.

44

CU HI V BI T P CH NG 8
Bi 8.1

Cho b lc c hm truyn t

b + b z1 + b2z2
H( z ) = 0 1
1+ a1z1 + a2z2

Hy biu din b lc theo dng trc tip

Bi 8.2

Cho b lc c hm truyn t
b + b z1 + b2z2
H( z ) = 0 1
1+ a1z1 + a2z2

Hy biu din b lc theo dng chun tc trc tip II

Bi 8.3

Cho h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn sau:

2 y ( n ) + y ( n 1) = 4 x ( n ) + 6 x ( n 1) + x ( n 2 )

Hy th hin h thng dng trc tip

Bi 8.4

Cho h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn sau:

y ( n ) + 0.5 y ( n 1) + 2 y ( n 2 ) = 2 x ( n ) + 3 x ( n 1) + 2 x ( n 2 )

Hy v s h thng dng chun tc trc tip 2

Bi 8.5

Cho h thng vi hm truyn t

H ( z) =

3+ 2z1 + 0.5z2
2 + 2z1 + 3z2 + 0.5z3 + z4

Hy v s thc hin h thng dng trc tip v chun tc.

Bi 8.6

Cho h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn sau:

2 y ( n ) + 5 y ( n 1) + y ( n 2 ) + y (n 3) = 2 x ( n ) + x ( n 1) + 0.5 x ( n 2 )

Hy v s thc hin h thng dng trc tip v chun tc.

Bi 8.7

1
1
1
Cho mt lc dn 3 t ng vi cc h s k1 = , k 2 = , k 3 = , hy tm cc h s b lc FIR
3
2
4
c c u trc dng trc tip.
45

Bi 8.8

Cho mt lc dn 5 t ng vi cc h s k1 =

1
1
1
1
1
, k2 = , k3 = , k4 = , k5 = , hy tm cc h
4
2
3
4
2

s b lc FIR c c u trc dng trc tip.

Bi 8.9

Tm cc h s dn tng ng vi b lc FIR c hm h thng:

H ( z ) = A3 (z ) = 1 +

13 1 5 2 1 3
z + z + z
24
8
3

Bi 8.10

Tm cc h s dn tng ng vi b lc FIR c hm h thng:

H ( z ) = A2 ( z ) = 1 +

1 1 1 2
z + z
2
8

P N CH NG VIII
Bi 8.1

x(n )

z 1 b1
z 1
Bi 8.2

x(n)

y (n )

b0
+

a1 z
+

b2

a2

z 1

b0
+

a1

a2

z1
z 1

b1

y(n )

b2
Bi 8.3

Phi a v dng: y ( n ) + 0.5 y ( n 1) = 2 x ( n ) + 3x ( n 1) + 0.5 x ( n 2 )

46

x(n )

z 1 b1
z 1

y (n )

b0
+

0.5

z 1

b2

Bi 8.4

Chuyn nh bi 8.2 ta c

x(n)

2
+

y(n )

z 1

+
2

z 1

2
Bi 8.5

Cch lm tng t bi 8.1, 8.2

Bi 8.6

Cch lm tng t bi 8.1, 8.2

Bi 8.7

Ta gii bi ton theo phng php quy vi m = 1 . Nh vy, ta c:

A1 (z ) = A0 (z ) + k1 z 1 B0 ( z )
= 1 + k1 z 1 = 1 +

1 1
z
4

T cc h s c a b lc FIR tng ng vi dn 1 t ng l 1 (0) = 1 , 1 (1) = k1 =

Bm ( z ) l a th c nghch o c a Am ( z ) , nn ta c:
B1 ( z ) =

1
. V
4

1
+ z 1
4

K tip ta cng thm t ng th hai vo dn. i vi m = 2 , cho:

A2 ( z ) = A1 ( z ) + k 2 z 1 B1 ( z )
= 1+

3 1 1 2
z + z
8
2

47

Do cc tham s b lc FIR tng

2 (1) = , 2 (2) = . V ta cng c:

3
8

ng vi dn hai t ng l 2 (0) = 1,

1
2

1 3
B2 ( z ) = + z 1 + z 2
2 8

Cui cng, vic b xung thm t ng th 3 vo dn s dn n a th c:

A3 (z ) = A2 (z ) + k3 z 1 B2 ( z )
= 1+

13 1 5 2 1 3
z + z + z
24
8
3

V vy, b lc FIR dng trc tip c n tm c c trng bi cc h s:

3 (0) = 1, 3 (1) =

1
5
13
, 3 (2) = v 3 (3) =
3
8
24

Bi 8.8

Cch lm tng t bi 8.7

Bi 8.9

Trc ht ta lu rng K 3 = 3 (3) =

1
. Hn na:
3

1 5
13
B3 ( z ) = + z 1 + z 2 + z 3
3 8
24

H th c gim bc vi m = 3 c:

A2 ( z ) =

A3 ( z ) K 3 B3 ( z )
1 K 32

=1+
V th K 2 = 2 (2 ) =
bc ta t c:

A1 ( z ) =

3 1 1 2
z + z
8
2

1 3
1
v B 2 ( z ) = + z 1 + z 2 . Bng s lp li php quy h t ng
2 8
2

A2 ( z ) K 2 B2 ( z )
1 K 22

=1+
Do K1 = 1 (1) =

1 1
z
4

1
4

Bi 8.10

Cch lm tng t bi 8.9

48

CU HI V BI T P CH NG 9
Bi 9.1

Cho tn hiu:

n
1
x ( n) = 6
0

0n6
n

Hy xc nh tn hiu khi i qua b phn chia vi h s M=2

X ( z ) = z 1 + 2 z 2 + 3z 3 + 2 z 4 + z 5 + 3z 6 + 2 z 7

Bi 9.2

Hy xc nh tn hiu Y M ( z ) vi M=2
Bi 9.3

Cho ph tn hiu

( )

X e j

3
2

( )

/ 2

/2

3
2

Hy xc nh Y 2 e j
Bi 9.4

n
1
Cho x ( n ) = 3
0

0n6

Hy xc nh: y 2 ( n )

Bi 9.5

Cho tn hiu x ( n ) = {1,3,3,1} . Tn hiu ny qua b ni suy vi L = 2.

Tm X(z) = ? v Y L ( z ) = ?
Bi 9.6

Cho ph tn hiu

49

( )

X e j

3
2

( )

/ 2

/2

Hy xc nh Y2 e j = ?

3
2

Bi 9.7

Cho 2 s
S 1:

( )
L
X ( z )
Y L ( z )
Y LH ( z )
H z

S 2:

( )
L
X ( z )
YH ( z )
YH L ( z )
H z

Hy ch ng minh 2 s tng ng.

Cho tn hiu: X ( z ) = 1 + 2 z 1 + 3 z 2 + 4 z 3 + 5 z 4 + 6 z 5 + 7 z 6

Bi 9.8

Tn hiu ny i qua b l y mu

2
2
v . Tm Y 2 ( z ) = ? v Y 2 ( z ) = ?

3
3
3
3

Cho x ( n ) = rect2 ( n )

Bi 9. 9

n
1
h (n) = 3
0

Tnh yH 2 ( z ) = ?

0n3
n

Cho x ( n ) = rect2 ( n )

Bi 9. 10

n
1
h (n) = 3
0

Tnh Y 2 H ( z ) = ?

0n3
n

50

P N CH NG IX
Bi 9.1

l: y 2 ( n ) = x ( 2.n )

Tng t v d 9.1 ta c: sau khi chun ho tn hiu i qua b phn chia

y 2 ( 0 ) = 1;

y2 (1) = 2/3;

y 2 ( 2 ) = 1/3;

Bi 9.2

Cch lm ging v d 9.2

Bi 9.3

Cch lm ging v d 9.3

Bi 9.4

n
x
y 2 ( n ) = L
0

n = 0, 1L, 2 L,...

Ta c: y 2 ( 0 ) = 1

y 2 ( 2 ) =

2
3

y2 ( 3) =

2
3

Bi 9.5

X ( z ) = z 1 + 3z 2 + 3 z 3 + z 4

Y 2 ( z ) = z 2 + 3 z 4 + 3z 6 + z 8

Y 2 ( e j ) = X ( e j 2 )

Bi 9.6

Ta v ra th y ph b nn li mt na ging v d 9.6
Bi 9.7

S 1:

( )
L
X ( z )
Y L ( z )
Y LH ( z )

Y L ( z ) = X ( z L )

H z

Y LH ( z ) = Y L ( z ) .H ( z ) = X ( z L ) .H ( z )
S 2:

( )
L
X ( z )
YH ( z )
YH L ( z )
H z

51

YH ( z ) = X ( z ) H ( z )

YH L ( z ) = YH ( z L ) = X ( z L ) .H ( z L )

Kt lun: 2 s tng ng

( )

H zL

Bi 9.8

Cho tn hiu: X ( z ) = 1 + 2 z 1 + 3 z 2 + 4 z 3 + 5 z 4 + 6 z 5 + 7 z 6

Tn hiu ny i qua b l y mu

2
2
v . Tm Y 2 ( z ) = ? v Y 2 ( z ) = ?

3
3
3
3

Bi 9. 9

X ( z ) = 1 + z 1

H ( z) = 1+

2 1 1 2
z + z
3
3

YH ( z ) = X ( z ) .H ( z )
YH 2 ( z ) =

1 1 12 j 22 l 12 j 22 l
X z e .H z e
2 l =0

1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
YH 2 ( z ) = [ X ( z ) H ( z ) + X ( z ) H ( z 2 )]
2
1
1
YH ( z 2 )

YH ( z 2 )

C th ta tip tc tnh tng t nh v 9.10

Bi 9. 10

X ( z ) = 1 + z 1

Y 2 ( z ) = X ( z 2 ) = 1 + z 2
H ( z) = 1+

2 1 1 2
z + z
3
3

Y 2 H ( z ) = Y2 ( z ) .H ( z ) = X ( z 2 ) .H ( z )
T y ta thc hin tng t ging v d 9.14

52