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Mole Calculation
Mole Calculation
1.
2.
Calculate the number of gold atoms in 20g of gold atom. (R.a.m. : Au = 197.0)
3.
4.
5.
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
7.
Find the volume occupied by 3.55 g of chlorine gas at room temperature and
pressure (Molar volume of gas at R.T.P. = 24.0 dm3 mol-1; R.a.m. : Cl = 35.5)
8.
Find the number of molecules in 4.48 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas at standard
temperature and pressure.
(Molar volume of gas at S.T.P. = 22.4 dm3 mol-1; Avogrado constant = 6.02 1023
mol-1)
The molar volume of nitrogen gas is found to be 24.0 dm3 mol-1 at room
temperature and pressure. Find the density of nitrogen gas. (R.a.m. : N = 14.0)
9.
10. 1.6 g of a gas occupies 1.2 dm3 at room temperature and pressure. What is the
relative molecular mass of the gas?
(Molar Volume of gas at R.T.P. = 24.0 dm3 mol-1)
11. (a) Find the volume of 0.6 g of hydrogen gas at room temperature and pressure.
(b) Calculate the number of molecules in 4.48 dm3 of hydrogen at standard
temperature and pressure.
P.1
(c) The molar volume of oxygen is 22.4 dm3 mol-1 at standard temperature and
pressure. Find the density of oxygen in g cm-3 at S.T.P..
(d) What mass of oxygen has the same number of moles as that in 3.2 g of
sulphur dioxide?
(R.a.m. : H = 1.0; O = 16.0, S = 32.1, molar volume at R.T.P. = 24.0 dm3 mol-1, at
S.T.P. = 22.4 dm3 mol-1)
12. A 500 cm3 sample of a gas in a sealed container at 700 mm Hg and 25oC is
heated to 100oC. What is the final pressure of the gas?
13. A reaction vessel of 500 cm3 is filled with oxygen at 25oC and the final pressure
exerted on it is 101 325 Nm-2. How many moles of oxygen are there?
(Ideal gas constant = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1)
14. A 5 dm3 vessel can withstand a maximum internal pressure of 50 atm. If 2 moles
of nitrogen gas is pumped into the vessel, what is the highest temperature it can
be safely heated to? (1 atm = 101325 Nm-2, R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1)
15. (a) A reaction vessel is filled with a gas at 20oC and 5atm. If the vessel can
withstand a maximum internal pressure of 10 atm, what is the highest
temperature it can be safely heated to?
(b) A balloon is filled with helium at 25oC. The pressure exerted and the
volume of balloon are found to be 1.5 atm and 450 cm3 respectively. How
many moles of helium have been introduced into the balloon? ( 1 atm = 101325
Nm-2; ideal gas constant = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1)
(c) 25.8 cm3 sample of a gas has a pressure of 690 mm Hg and a temperature of
17oC. What is the volume if the pressure is changed to 1.85 atm and the
temperature to 345 K? ( 1 atm = 760 mmHg)
16. A sample of gas occupying a volume of 50 cm3 at 1 atm and 25oC is found to
a mass of 0.0286 g. Find the relative molecular mass of the gas.
( Ideal gas constant = 8.314 J K-1mol-1; 1 atm = 101 325 Nm-2)
have
17. The density of a gas at 450 oC and 380 mmHg is 0.033 7 g dm-3. What is its
relative molecular mass? ( 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101 325 Nm-2 ; ideal gas constant
= 8.314 J K-1mol-1)
18. 0.25 mole of nitrogen and 0.30 mole of oxygen are introduced into a vessel of 12
dm3 at 50oC. Calculate the partial pressures of nitrogen and oxygen and hence the
total pressure exerted by the gases.
( 1 atm = 101325 Nm-2; ideal gas constant = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1)
19. 4.0 g oxygen and 6.0 g of nitrogen are introduced into a 5 dm3 vessel at 27oC.
(a) What are the mole fractions of oxygen and nitrogen in the mixture?
(b) What is the final pressure of the system?
( 1 atm = 101325 Nm-2; ideal gas constant = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1; R.a.m. : N = 14.0, O =
16.0)
P.2
20. (a) 204 g of phosphorus vapour occupies a volume of 81.0 cm3 at 327oC and 1 atm.
Determine the relative molecular mass of phosphorus. ( 1 atm = 101325 Nm-2 ;
ideal gas constant = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1)
(b) A sample of gas has a mass of 12.0 g and occupies a volume of 4.16 dm3
measured at 97oC and 1.62 atm. Calculate the relative molecular mass of the
gas. ( 1 atm = 101325 Nm-2; ideal gas constant = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1)
(c) A sample of 0.037g magnesium reacted with hydrochloric acid to give 38.2
cm3 of hydrogen gas measured at 25oC and 740 mmHg. Use this information to
calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium. (1 atm = 760 mmHg =
101325 Nm-2; ideal gas constant = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1)
21. (a) The valve between a 6 dm3 vessel containing gas A at a pressure of 7 atm
and an 8 dm3 vessel containing gas B at a pressure of 9 atm is opened.
Assuming that the temperature of the system remains constant and there is
no reaction between the gases, what is the final pressure of the system?
( 1 atm = 101325 Nm-2; ideal gas constant = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1)
(b) 2 g of helium, 3 g of nitrogen and 4 g of argon are introduced into 15 dm3
vessel at 100 oC.
(i) What are the mole fractions of helium, nitrogen and argon in the system?
(ii) Calculate the total pressure of the system, and hence the partial pressures
of helium, nitrogen and argon.
(1 atm = 101325 Nm-2; R = 8.314 J K-1mol-1 ; R.a.m. : He = 4.0, N = 14.0, Ar =
39.9)
22. What is the mass of copper formed at the cathode when a current of 0.25 A is
passed through a copper(II) sulphate solution for 1 hour ( R.a.m. : Cu = 63.5)?
23. Find the masses of products formed when a dilute sulphuric acid solution is
electrolysed with a current of 0.6 A for 90 minutes. (R.a.m. : H = 1.0, O = 16.0)
24. What mass of copper would be desposited by the quantity of electricity that
liberates 2.4 dm3 of oxygen measured at room temperature and pressure?
(Molar volume of gas at R.T.P. = 24.0 dm3 mol-1; R.a.m. : O = 16.0, Cu = 63.5)
25. (a) What current in amperes is required to deposit 6.35 g of copper in 50 minutes
from a copper(II) sulphate solution?
(1 F = 96500 ; R.a.m. : Cu = 63.5)
(b) What is the time required to pass 1 Faraday of electricity through an electrolyte
with a current of 0.35A? ( 1F = 96 500C )
(c) Calculate the mass of aluminium that would be deposited during the
electrolysis of a molten aluminum salt by a current of 10 A for 5 hours.
( 1F = 96500C ; R.a.m. : Al = 27.0)
(d) A current of 0.37A flowing for 15 minutes through an electrolyte liberates
0.20 g of metal X. what mass of X would be liberated by a current of 0.30 A
for minutes?
26. (a) 5 g of sulphur forms 10 g of an oxide on burning.What is the empirical
formula of the oxide?
(R.a.m. : O = 16.0, S = 32.1)
P.3
(b) 19.85 f of element M combines with 25.61 g of oxygen to form an oxide. If the
relative atomic mass of M is 331.0, find the empirical formula of the oxide.
(R.a.m. : O =16.0)
(c) Determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide using the following
results.
Experimental results:
Mass of test tube = 21.430 g
Mass of test tube + Mass of copper(II) oxide = 23.321g
Mass of test tube + Mass of copper = 22.940g
(R.a.m. : Cu = 63.5, O = 16.0)
27. Compound A contains carbon and hydrogen only. It is found that the compound
contains 75% carbon by mass. Determine its empirical formula. (Relative atomic
masses: C=12, H=1 )
28. The percentage by mass of phosphorus and chlorine in a sample of a phosphorus
chloride are 22.55% and 77.45% respectively. Find the empirical formula of the
chloride. (R.a.m. : P = 31.0, Cl = 35.5)
29. (a) Find the empirical formula of vitamin C if it consists of 40.9% carbon, 54.5%
oxygen and 4.6% hydrogen by mass. ( R.a.m.: C = 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0)
(b) Each 325 mg tablet of aspirin consists of 195.0 mg carbon 14.6 mg hydrogen
and 115.4mg oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of aspirin.
(R.a.m. : C= 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0)
30. A hydrogen was burnt completely in excess oxygen. It was found that 5.00 g of the
hydrocarbon gives 14.6 g of carbon dioxide and 9.0 g of water. Given that the relative
molecular mass of the hydrocarbon is 30.0, determine its molecular formula.
hydrocarbon.?
(R.a.m.* : H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
31. Compound X is known to contain 44.44% carbon, 6.18% hydrogen and 49.38%
oxygen by mass. A typical analysis shows that it has a relative molecular mass of
162.0. Find its molecular formula. (R.a.m.* : H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
32. The chemical formula of hydrated copper(II) sulphate is known to be CuSO4.xH2O.
It is found that the percentage of water by mass in the compound is 36%. Find x.
(R.a.m. : H=1.0, O=16.0, S=32.1, Cu=63.5)
33. (a) Find Compound Z is the major component of a healthy drink. It contains
40.00% carbon, 6.67% hydrogen and 53.33% oxygen.
(i) Find the empirical formula of compound Z.
(ii) If the relative molecular mass of compound Z is 180, finds its molecular
formula.
(R.a.m. : C= 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0)
(b) (NH4)2Sx contains 72.72% sulphur by mass is water. Find the value of x.
(R.a.m.: H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0)
(c) In the compound MgSO4nH2O, 51.22% by mass is water. Find the value of n.
(R.a.m.: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, Mg = 24.3, S = 32.1)
P.4
34. The chemical formula of ethanoic acid is CH3COOH. Calculate the percentages
by mass of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen by mass respectively.
(R.a.m. : C=12.0, H=1.0, O=16.0 )
35. Calculate the mass of iron metal in a sample of 20g of hydrated iron (II) sulphate,
FeSO47H2O.
(R.a.m. : Fe = 55.8 , H=1.0, O=16.0 )
36. (a) Calculate percentages by mass of potassium, chromium and oxygen in
potassium chromate (VI), K2Cr2O7.
(R.a.m. : K = 39.1 . Cr = 52.0, O = 16.0)
(b) Find the mass of metal and water of crystallization in
(i) 100 g of Na2SO410H2O;
(ii) 70g of Fe2O38H2O.
(R.a.m.: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23, S = 32.1, Fe = 55.8)
37. Give the chemical equations for the following reactions:
(a) Zinc + steam zinc oxide + hydrogen
(b) Magnesium + silver nitrate silver + magnesium nitrate
(c) Butane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
38. Calculate the mass of copper formed when 12.45g of copper(II) oxide is completely
reduced by hydrogen. (R.a.m. : H=1.0, O=16.0, Cu = 63.5 )
39. Sodium hydrogencarbonate decomposes according to the following equation.
2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
In order to obtain 240 cm3 of CO2 at room temperature and pressure, what is the
minimum amount of sodium hydrogencarbonate required?
(R.a.m. : H = 1.0, C =12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0; molar volume of gas at R.T.P. =
24.0 dm3mol-1)
40. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed when 20 cm3 of ethane and
70
3
cm of oxygen are exploded, assuming all volumes are measured at room temperature
and pressure.
41. 10 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon was mixed with 80cm3 of oxygen which was in
excess. The mixture was exploded and then cooled. The volume left was 70cm3.
Upon passing the resulting gaseous mixture through concentrated sodium
hydroxide solution ( to absorb carbon dioxide), the volume of the residual gas
became 50 cm3. Find the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon.
42. (a) Find the volume of hydrogen produced at R.T.P. when 2.43 g of magnesium
reacts with excess hydrochloric acid. (R.a.m. : Mg = 24.3; molar volume of
gas at R.T.P. = 24.0 dm3mol-1.
(b) Find the minimum mass of chlorine required to produced 100 g of phosphorus
trichloride ( PCl3).
(c) 20 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon and 150 cm3 of oxygen were exploded in a
closed vessel. After cooling, 110 cm3 of gases remained. After passing through
a solution of concentrated sodium hydroxide, the volume left was 50 cm3 .
P.5
P.6
46. 5 cm3 of 0.5M sulphuric(VI) acid was added to 25.0 cm3 of potassium hydroxide
solution. The mixture was then stirred and the highest temperature was recorded.
The experiment was repeated with different volumes of the sulphuric(VI) acid. he
laboratory set-up and the results were as follows:
(a) Plot the graph of temperature against volume of sulphuric(VI) acid added.
(b) Calculate the molarity of the potassium hydroxide solution.
(c) Explain why the temperature rose to a maximum and the fell.
47. When excess potassium iodide solution (KI) is added to 25.0 cm 3 of acidified
potassium iodate solution (KIO3) of unknown concentration, the solution turns
brown. This brown solution requires 22.0 cm3 of 0.05 M sodium thiosulphate
solution to react completely with the iodine formed, using starch solution as
indicator. Find the molarity of the potassium iodate solution.
48. A piece of impure iron wire weighs 0.22 g. When it is dissolved in hydrochloric
acid, it is oxidized to iron(II) ions. The solution requires 36.5 cm 3 of 0.02 M
acidified potassium manganate(VII) for complete reaction to form iron(III) ions.
What is the percentage purity of the iron wire?
49. (a) 5g of anhydrous sodium carbonate is added to 100 cm3 of 2 M hydrochloric
acid. What is the volume of gas evolved at room temperature and pressure ?
( R.a.m. : C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0; molar volume of gas at R.T.P. =
24.0 dm3 mol-1)
(b) 8.54g of impure hydrated iron(II) sulphate (formula mass of 392.14) was
dissolved in water and made up to 250 cm3. 25 cm3 of this solution required
20.76 cm3 of 0.0203 M acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution for
complete reaction. Determine the percentage purity of the hydrated iron(II)
ulphate.
P.7
Solutions :
1.
2.
= 6.11 1023
3.
4.
5.
= 2 molecule
=
Mass of CO
-1
44.0 g mol
1
6.02 10 23
Avogadro constant
44.0 g mol -1
6.02 x 10 23
6.
7.
8.
9.
Molar mass of nitrogen gas (N2) = (14.0 + 14.0) g mol-1= 28.0 g mol-1
Density = mass /volume = molar mass / molar volume
Density of N2 = 28 g mol-1 / 24 dm3 mol-1 = 1.167 g dm-3
10. Number of moles of the gas = 1.2 dm3 / 24 dm3 mol-1 = 0.05 mol
Molar mass of the gas = 1.6 g / 0.05 mol = 32 g mol-1
Relative molecular mass of the gas = 32 (no unit)
11. (a) No. of moles of H2 = 0.6 g / 1.0 2 g mol-1 = 0.3 mol
Volume = No. of moles Molar volume = 0.3 mol 24.0 dm3 mol-1 = 7.2 dm3
(b) No. of moles of H2 = 4.48 g / 22.4 dm3 mol-1 = 0.2 mol
No of H2 molecules = 0.2 mol 6.02 1023 mol-1 = 1.204 1023
(c) Density = mass / volume = molar mass / molar volume
Molar mass of O2 = 16.0 2 g mol-1 =32.0 g mol-1
Molar volume of O2 = 22.4 dm3 mol-1 = 22 400 cm3 mol-1
Density = 32.0 g mol-1 / 22400 cm3 mol-1 = 1.43 10-3 g cm-3
(d) No. of moles of SO2 = 3.2 g / ( 32.1 + 16.0 2 ) g mol-1 = 0.05 mol
No of moles of O2 = 0.05 mol
P.9
= PV/nR
= 50 101325 Nm-2 5 10-3 / 2 mol 8.314JK-1mol-1 = 1523.4 K
The highest temperature it can be safely heated to is 1250.4oC.
Hence, the partial pressures of nitrogen and oxygen are 0.552 atm and 0.663 atm
respectively, and the total pressure of the mixture is 1.215 atm.
19. (a) Number of moles of oxygen = 0.125 mol
Number of moles of nitrogen = 0.214 mol
Total number of moles of gases = ( 0.125 + 0.214) mol = 0.339 mol
Mole fraction of oxygen = 0.15 mol / 0.339 mol = 0.369
Mole fraction of nitrogen = 0.214 mol / 0.339 mol = 0.631
(b) Let P be the total pressure of the system.
By ideal gas equation PV = nRT,
P 5 10-3 m3 = 0.339 mol 8.314 JK-1mol-1 (273 + 27)K
P = 169 107 Nm-2 ( or 1.67 atm)
20. (a) PV = m/M RT
101325 Nm-2 81.0 10-6m3 = (0.204g / M) 8.314J K-1mol-1 (273 + 327) K
M = 123.99 g mol-1
The relative molecular mass of phosphorus is 123.99.
(b) PV= (m/M)RT
1.62 101325 Nm-2 4.16 x 10-3m3 = 12.0g/ M 8.314 J K-1mol-1 x (273+97)K
M = 54.06 g mol-1
The relative molecular mass of the gas is 54.06.
(c) Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq)
MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
PV = nRT
740/760 101 325 Nm-2 38.2 10-6m3 = n 8.314 J K-1 mol-1 (273 + 25) K
n = 1.52 10-3 mol
No. of moles of H2 produced = 1.52 10-3.
No. of mole of Mg reacted = No. of moles of H2 produced = 1.52 10-3 mol
Molar mass of Mg = Mass / No. of moles
= 0.037g / 1.52 10-3 mol-1= 24.3 g mol-1
The relative atomic mass of Mg is 24.3.
21. (a) By Boyles law: P1V1 = P2V2
Partial pressure of gas A = 7 atm
6 dm 3
= 3.00 atm
(6 8) dm3
8 dm 3
= 5.14 atm
(6 8) dm 3
P.11
0.25 A x (60x60)s
2 x 96 500 C mol 1
0.6 A x (90x60)s
= 0.016 8 mol
2x96500 C mol 1
Mass of H2(g) formed = 0.016 8 mol 1.0 2 g mol-1 = 0.033 6g
At anode: 4OH-(aq)
O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4eTo give 1 mole of oxygen gas, 4 moles of electrons (i.e. 4F) are given out by the
hydroxide ions.
Number of moles of O2 (g) formed= It / nF
=
0.6 A x (90x60)s
= 8.394 x 10-3 mol
4x96500 C mol 1
Mass of O2(g) formed = 8.394 10-3 mol 16.0 2 g mol-1 = 0.2686g
=
24. 4OH-(aq)
O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4eTo give 1 mole of oxygen gas, 4 mole of electrons (i.e. 4 F)are given out by the
hydroxide ions.
2.4 dm 3
Number of moles of O2 given outm =
= 0.1 mol
24.0dm 3 mol 1
P.12
25. (a) Q = It
96 500 C = 0.35 A t
= 275 714 s
(b) Cu2+(aq) + 2eCu(s)
No. of moles of Cu formed = It / 2F
6.35 g
I x 50 x 60s
=
63.5 g mol 1
2 x 96 500 C mol 1
I = 6.43 A
(c) Al3+(l) + 3eAl(s)
No. of moles of Al(s) formed = It / 3F
=
10A x 5 x 60 x 60s
= 0.622 mol
3 x 96 500Cmol 1
0.37 A x 15 x 60s
0.30 A x 30 x 60s
=
0.20 g
Mass of X
Oxygen
Number of moles
5 / 32.1 = 0.156
5 / 16.0 = 0.313
0.156 / 0.156 = 1
0.313 / 0.156 = 2
Mass (g)
Simplest ratio
Mass (g)
19.85
25.61
Number of moles
19.85 / 31.0
= 0.64
25.61 / 16.0
= 1.6
0.64 / 0.64 = 1
Simplest ratio
Mass (g)
1.51
0.381
Number of moles
1.51/63.5
= 0.0238
0.381/16.0
= 0.0238
0.0238/0.0238 =1
0.0238/0.0238 =1
Simplest ratio
Carbon
Hydrogen
75
25
Number of moles
75/12.0 = 6.25
25/1.0 = 25
6.25/6.25 = 1
25/6.25 = 4
Mass (g)
Simplest ratio
Chloride
22.55
77.45
22.55/31.0 = 0.727
77.45/35.5 = 2.182
0.727/0.727 = 1
2.182/0.727 = 3
Mass (g)
Simplest ratio
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
40.9
4.6
54.5
40.9/12.0 = 3.41
4.6/1.0 = 4.60
54.5/16.0 = 3.41
3.41/3.41 = 1
4.61/3.41 =1.35
3.41/3.41 = 1
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
195.0
14.6
115.4
7.21/7.21 = 1
7.21/7.21 = 1
Simplest ratio
Hydrogen
4.0
1.0
Number of moles
1.0 / 1.0 = 1
0.333 / 0.333 = 1
1 / 0.333 = 3
Mass (g)
Simplest ratio
Therefore, the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon is CH3. The molecular formula
of the hydrocarbon is (CH3)n.
Relative molecular mass of (CH3)n = 30.0
n (12.0 + 1.0 3) = 30.0 ; n= 2
P.14
Hydrogen
Oxygen
44.44
6.18
49.38
44.44/12.0 = 3.70
6.18/1.0 = 6.18
49.38/16.0 = 3.09
3.70/3.09 = 1.2
6.18/3.09 = 2
3.09/3.09 = 1
10
Mass (g)
Number of moles
Divided by the smallest
Simplest ratio
Hydrogen
Oxygen
40.00
6.67
53.33
40.00/12.0 = 3.33
6.67/1.0 = 6.67
53.33/16.0=3.33
3.33/3.33 =1
6.67/3.33 =2
3.33/3.33 =1
Mass (g)
Number of moles
Divided by the smallest
Simplest ratio
NH4+ unit
27.28
72.72
1.52 / 1.52 = 1
Simplest ratio
(c)
MgSO4
P.15
H2O
Mass (g)
Number of moles
Divided by the smallest
48.78
51.22
1.52 / 1.52 = 1
2.846 / 0.405 = 7
39. Number of moles of CO2 formed = 240 cm3/ 24000 cm3 mol-1 = 0.01 mol
From the equation, 2 moles of NaHCO3(s) will form 1 mole of CO2(g).
P.16
; x =2
(b) From the graph, it is found that the end point of the titration is reached when
20 cm3 of H2SO4 is added.
Number of moles of = 0.5 mol dm-3 20 / 1000 dm3 = 0.01 mol
2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
2 mol 1 mol
Mole of KOH(aq) : H2SO4 = 2 : 1
Number of moles of KOH(aq) = 2 0.01 mol = 0.02 mol
Molarity of KOH(aq) = 0.02 mol / (25 10-3 dm3) = 0.8 M
(c) Neutralization is an exothermic reaction. When more and more sulphuric(VI)
acid was added and reacted with potassium hydroxide, the temperature rose.
The temperature rose to a maximum value at which the equivalence point of the
reaction was reached. After that, any excess sulphuric (VI) acid added cooled
down the reacting solution, causing the temperature to drop.
47. IO3-(aq) + 5I- + 6H+(aq) 3I2(aq) + 3H2O(l)
(1)
22I2(aq) + 2S2O3 (aq) 2I (aq) + S4O6 (aq)
(2)
P.18
P.19