Karl Weick James March

ISBN: 978-960-92931-1-2


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4.2 TOY KARL
WEICK 13
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6. 18

1.

.


.

, .
(F. Taylor, Max Weber, Selznich .)

,
,
. McGregor, Argyris, Leavitt
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(Luhmann, 1990)
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(, 1986).

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(, 2003).
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2.

,

Farace, Monge & Russell, (1977),

Trist (1969)
Karl Weick (1976).

.
1966 Katz &
Kahn, .


.

hompson. ,

(1967).
Farace, Monge Rusell 1977


.
Karl Weick
(1979) (1995)

60 70

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3. KARL WEICK
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4. KARL WEICK

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The social psychology of

organizing, (1979), McGraw-Hill, Inc

11

(+,-)

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organizing, (1979), McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Weick
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12

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WEICK

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Karl Weick
: ( Warfield,
J.N., and Roxana Cardenas): ) (idea writing) )
(nominal group technique-NGT) )
(Delphi technique) )
(interpretive structural modeling-ISM) )
(options field method-OFM) ) . H
Ashby
(Requisite Variety).

.

,
,

16

5.
Karl Weick

.
,
.

,
.
.
,
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,
(, 2007).

17

6.
., (2000), , , .
, ., (1986), , , .
, ., (1998), , , ..
, ., (2007),
, ,
., (2003), , , -

., (1997),
, ,

Bachelard G. (2000), , ,

Bandura, A. (1994b). Social cognitive theory of mass communication, In D.
Zillmann (Ed.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 6190). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc
Bertalanffy, L., V., (1974), Perspectives on General System Theory Edited by
Edgar Taschdjian. George Braziller, New York
Bozionelos, N. (2001), Computer anxiety: Relationship with computer
experience and prevalence. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 213-224
Farace R., Monge P, & Russell H., (1977), Communicating and Organizing,
Addison-Wesley Pub Co
Luhmann, N., (1990), , , .

Minsky M., (1995), , ,

Weick, K., (2005), Making sense of the organization, Publisher: Oxford, UK,
Blackwell Publishers
Weick, K., (2006), Eisenberg, E. (2006) Karl Weick and the aesthetics of
contingency, Organization Studies, 27(11), 115, Sage Publications, Ltd
Young, J., (1991), O :
, ,

18

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19

1.

.........................................................................................................................21

2.

James G. March ........................................................................................22

3.

......................................................................................................24
3.1.

Carnegie School ......................................................................................................28

3.2.

...................................................................................................31

3.2.1.

.........................................................34

3.2.2.

.......................................................................................38

3.2.3.

- Garbage Can Model .....................................................39

4.

March ......................44

5.

...................................................................................................................45

5.1. ...............................................................................................................45
5.2. ......................................................................................................................48

20

1.

,

.
,
,
, , ..
, ,

.
,
,

, .

James March,
. ,
. ,
, ,

, .

21

2.

James G. March
James G. March 1928

Cleveland Ohio

.

.
Carnegie Institute of Technology
(

Carnegie

School),

Herbert Simon
. March
(theory of the
firm) Richard Cyert (1963). 1972
Olsen Cohen
Garbage Can Model.
Wisconsin Ph.D.
Yale.
,
,
, , .
,
, ,
,
, (
)
.
,
.
. ,
, , , .
1953 Carnegie Institute of Technology,
California, Irvine 1970
Stanford.
22

 (Copenhagen Business School, Swedish School of Economics, Uppsala

University, Helsinki School of Economics, Dublin City University, Gteborg
University, Stockholm School of Economics ..) ... (University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee).

23

3.

James G. March (1928) 1953

,

, Carnegie Mellon
Organizations (March & Simon, 1953),
A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (Cyert & March, 1963),
,
.
A Behavioral Theory of the Firm March

Organizations
.



,

.
, March
(March,
1978,1994).

,
,
.
March


. ,

(Cyert & March, 1963, 1992), ,
24

 (Cohen, March & Olsen, 1972; March, 1978). ,

, March ,
(March & Simon,
1993/1958),
(Cyert & March, 1992/1963).


. March
(March & Olsen, 1989, 1995).

.


.
J. March Herbert Simon .
Carnegie 1964,
Irvine
California.

Michael Cohen

(Cohen & March, 1974).

,
.
1972 Olsen Cohen
,
(Garbage Can Model of Decision Making). Ambiguity and Choice
(March & Olsen, 1976) .

,

, , .

25

 March
.
Rediscovering Institutions (March & Olsen, 1989) o March

.
,
.

(
)
(
/ ). March

, The Dynamics of the Rules (2000),

.
Martin Schultz & Xueguang Zhou, March

(March, Schultz & Zhou, 2000).
,
,
(March, 1991, 1996a).
,
, , ,
. .

.,
.
, March (Technology of
foolishness) (1971)
(1991, 1996a),

(Levinthal & March, 1993).

26



. ,
(March, 1988ab, 1991, 1996a;
March & Shapira, 1987, 1992).
March
,

(March, 1994), Don
Quitoxe. , Technology of foolishness (1971)
.
(Passion and
Discipline: Don Quitoxes Lessons for Leadership) March
,
:
,

(http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/passionanddiscipline.html/).

27

3.1.

Carnegie School

Carnegie School
(Williamson, 1996b:18).
H. Simon, J. March R. Cyert
50 60 (Earl,
1988). Carnegie School

.
Carnegie 1912 Andrew Carnegie.


. Simon, March Cyert Carnegie
.
Carnegie
,
, Franco Modigliani, John Muth, Charles Holt Merton
Miller. .

.

, ,
, ,
, , ,
, .


(Day & Sunder, 1996).
Simon, March Cyert
.

28


,
.


. ,

(Cyert &
March, 1963). ,
, Carnegie

(March & Simon, 1958),

(Cyert & March, 1963).
Carnegie
H.Simon, J.March H.Guetzkow,
Organizations (March & Simon, 1958).

, ,
.

(March

&

Simon,

1958:151

http://organizationsandmarkets.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/augier-m-cyert-marchand-the-carnegie-school.pdf).
Ford (Ford Foundation)
Cyert March

.

. (.
, , )
.

29

30

3.2.

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, .

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(Nutt, 1992 : Miller, 2006:.8).
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: (1) , (2)
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(4)
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31

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.

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,
(Schul & Mayo, 2003).
lex Wilson (1967),

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,
,
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,

32

, (Shapira,
1997).
,

,
(Henderson & McAdam, 2001). ,
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, (2) , (3) , (4) (5)
(arch, 1994). ,
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33

 ,
, (Ahrne & Nils, 2010).
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...., ..
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.

3.2.1.
50 60
,
.

, (Gigerenzer &
Selten, 2002). 50,
,

.
,

(Baron, 2001).
,
,
,
,
.
(Hastie & Dawes, 2001). ,

. ,
, ,

34

 .
.

, , (Rettinger
& Hastie, 2001).
, .
, , ,

. erbert Simon
, (bounded
rationality), , ,
,
.

,
,
, ,
,
(March & Simon, 1993).

,
:

, .

,
.

,
.

,
(March & Simon,
1993).

,

: , ,

35

,
(March & Simon 1993:162).
, ,

. ,

(Clampitt et al., 2000).
Simon,
,
,
satisficing,
sufficing (, ) satisfying ().
, ,
,
,
(Forlani, 2002).
,
, ,
(March, 1994). satisficing
.
,
(March, 1994:21).
,
,
, .
satisficing
.
, . ,

, (Chu & Spires, 2001).
March (1994)
.
. ,
. ,
36

 : satisficing
, ,
(March, 1994:28). ,
.
,
, satisficing
, .
, , ,
,
(Perrow, 1986:122).

37

3.2.2.

.
.
,
.


. ,
. ,
,
, ,
(Miller, 2006:.8).
March Simon (1958/1993) ,
,
. ,
,

, .

,
(Huber et al., 2002).
Cyert March (1992),
, .
,

.

38

3.2.3. - Garbage Can Model

,
, James March ,
,
(, 1997).
, ,
.., :

()
,

,
,

,
,

,
(Henderson & McAdam,
2001).

(Garbage Can Model)
,
( ..
).
(.. ,
, ), ,
.
,
,
,

(Goldstein & Hogarth, 1997).
,

39

 . ,
, ,
,
,
,
(Lee et al., 1999).

,
.
,
(Schul &
Mayo, 2003).
,
, .

, (Schulz Hardt et al.,
2002).
Cohen, March Olsen (1972)
, ,
:

: ,

: ,

.

, Cohen
.
,
40

,
:

(Problems):
,

..

(..
, ,
, , ,
..)

(Solutions):

.. ,
.

(Participants):
,
,


(.. ...
).

(Choice opportunities):
, .. ,
, ..,
,

41


,
,

(Stanovich & West, 1999).
, ,
,
, (Cohen et
al., 1972:16). Cohen, March Olsen
: ) , )
, ) . (resolution),
,
. (oversight) ,
,
: www.unc.edu/~nielsen/soci410/nm11/nm11.htm

(Cohen et al.,1972:8).

(flight), ,
,
. ,
,
. , Cohen
,
.
, ,
,
,
,
( ).
Cohen, March, Olsen (1972) :

.
,
.

42

 ,
(Cohen et al.,1972:16).
,
,
,
,
. ,
(Clampitt et al., 2000).

.

(.. , ..),
.
,
,
(Feldman, 1989). ,
,
,
.
,
(Gortner et al., 1990).

43

4.

March

44

5.

5.1.

, A. (2008). &
. . . . .
Miller, K. (2006). . .
(. . ). . . .
, . (1997). . .

Ahrne, G. & Nils, B. (2010). How much do meta-organizations affect their members?
Paper presented at SGIR 7th Pan-European International Relations Conference,
Stockholm 911 September 2010. Session 38: Rediscovering International
Organisations.
Baron, J. (2001). Thinking and Deciding. Cambridge University Press.
Chu, P.C. & Spires, E.E. (2002). Perceptions of accuracy and effort of decision
strategies. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes. Volume
91, Issue 2, pp.203-214 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/)
Clampitt, P.G., DeKoch, R.J., Cashman, T. (2000). A strategy for communicating
about uncertainty. Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 41
57.
Cohen, M.D., March, J.G. & Olsen, J.P. (1972). A Garbage Can Model of
Organizational Choice. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 17, No 1, pp. 1
25. (JSTORS)
Cyert, R. & March, J.G. (1963). A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Second edition
(1992). Oxford: Blackwell.
Daft, R.L. (2000). Organization Theory and Design. South-Western Educational
Publishing/Thomson.

45

Day, R. & Sunder, S. (1996). Ideas and Work of Richard M. Cyert. Journal of
Economic Behavior and Organization. 31, pp.139-148.
Earl, P. (ed.) (1988). Behavioral Economics. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
Feldman, M.S. (1989). Order without Design: Information Production and Policy
Making. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Forlani, D. (2002). Risk and Rationality: The Influence of Decision Domain and
Perceived Outcome Control Managers High Risk Decisions. Journal of
Behavioral Decision Making, Vol. 15, pp.125140.
Gigerenzer, G. & Selten, R. (2002). Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox.
Human Nature Review 2003. Volume 3: 163-165 ( Book Review) (URL of
this document http://human-nature.com/nibbs/03/selten.html).
Goldstein, W.M. & Hogarth, R.M. (1997). Research on Judgment and Decision
Making. Currents, connections, and controversies. Cambridge Series on
Judgment and Decision Making, Cambridge University Press.
Gortner, H.F., Mahler, J. & Nicolson, J.B. (1990). Organization Theory. A Public
Perspective. The Dorsey Press, Chicago.
Hastie, R. & Dawes, R.M. (2001). Rational Choice in an Uncertain World: The
Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making. Sage Publications.
Henderson, J. & McAdam, R. (2001). Decision making in the fragmented
organisation: a utility perspective. Management Decision, Vol. 39, pp.461 469.
Huber, J., Ariely, D. & Fisher, G. (2002). Expressing Preferences in a Principal
Agent Task: A Comparison of Choice, Rating, and Matching. Organizational
Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 87, No. 1, January, pp.6690.
Lee, D., Price, R. & Newman, P. (1999). Decision Making in Organizations.
Financial Times Prentice Halls.
March, J.G. (1994). A Primer on Decision Making: How Decisions Happen. New
York, NY: Free Press.
March, J.G., Schultz, M. & Zhou, X. (2000). The Dynamics of Rules: Change in
Written

Organizational

Codes.

Stanford

University

Press

(books.google.gr/books?isbn=080473996X)

46

March, J.G. & Simon, H.A. (1958). Organizations, Second edition (1993). Oxford:
Blackwell

http://organizationsandmarkets.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/augier-m-cyertmarch-and-the-carnegie-school.pdf).
March. J.G. & Shapira, Z. 1982. Behavioral decision theory and organizational
decision theory. In G. Ungson and D. Braunstein (Eds.), New Directions in
Decision Making. Boston, Mass.: Kent Publishing Co. Reprinted in M. Zey
(1992) Decision Making: Alternatives to rational choice models, Newbury Park,
CA: Sage Publications.
Perrow, C. (1986). Complex Organizations: A Critical Essay. 3rd ed. New York, NY:
McGraw Hill.
Rettinger, D.A. & Hastie, R. (2001). Content Effects on Decision Making.
Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes. Vol. 85, No. 2, July,
pp.336359.
Stanovich, K.E. & West, R.F. (1999). Discrepancies between Normative and
Descriptive Models of Decision Making and the Understanding/Acceptance
Principle. Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 38, pp.349385.
Schul, Y. & Mayo, R. (2003). Searching for Certainty in an Uncertain World: The
Difficulty of Giving Up the Experiential for the Rational Model of Thinking.
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, No. 16, pp.93106.
Schulz Hardt, S., Jochims, M. & Frey, D. (2002). Productive conflict in group
decision making: genuine and contrived dissent as strategies to counteract
biased information seeking. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision
Processes. Vol.88. pp.563586.
Shapira, Z. (1997). Strategic risk: A longitudinal-ordinal analysis. Journal of
Behavioral Decision Making, 10, 361-363. (A book review).
Williamson, O. (1996b). Transaction cost economics and the Carnegie Connection.
Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization. 31. pp.149-155.

47

5.2.
http://www.stanford.edu/~krollag/org_site/encyclop/garbage_can.html
http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/11/1/1.html

48