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การส่งจ่ายกำลังไฟฟ้าแบบ HVDC
การส่งจ่ายกำลังไฟฟ้าแบบ HVDC
, ysil72@hotmail.com
(Power Grid)
(HVAC: High Voltage Alternating Current)
- (Inductive) (Capacitive)
(HVDC: High
Voltage Direct Current)
HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current)
HVDC
HVAC
HVDC
*
-
- (Inductive) (Capacitive)
Skin Effect
-
- HVDC
()
(AC Grid)
HVDC
*
HVDC
- ..1882: 2,000 V 50 .
Miesbach Munich
- .. 190: Hewitts Mercury Vapour
- .. 1941: HVDC 60 MW
Berlin
- ..1945: HVDC
Gotland
- ..1970:
HVDC
- ..1979:
1
HVDC
HVDC
HVDC HVAC
HVDC
HVAC
HVDC
HVDC
HVAC HVDC AC DC
DC AC
( HVAC
) HVAC
HVDC
HVDC HVAC
2 HVAC HVDC
HVDC
HVAC Break-even
Distance
500800 .
HVAC
HVDC
HVAC
HVDC
*
HVDC
HVAC
HVDC
( ) HVAC
3
HVAC ()
HVDC ()
1,000 MW
3 HVAC ()
HVDC ()
1,000 MW
HVDC
HVAC
(Audible Noise)
-
-
- (EMC)
-
(Return Path)
(Monopolar)
HVDC
*
HVDC
4
Vd1 Vd2
Vd1 Vd2
* The Dual Converter Back-to-Back Converter
SCR GTO
Dual Converter
DC Reactor
(
)
V-I Plane ( )
( )
Dual Converter 4
( )
)
Converter Mode ( ) Inverter Mode (
Dual Converter AC
5 Dual Converter
*
(Monopolar Long-distance
Transmissions)
(Return Path)
6
6 Monopolar
7 Monopolar
7
*
(Bipolar Long-distance Transmissions)
Bipolar
(Common Low Voltage Return Path)
(Unbalance Current)
(Configuration)
50%
Bipolar
Monopolar
( )
*
(Bipolar with Ground Return Path)
Bipolar
8 Bipolar
9
9 Bipolar
Converter
Converter (
) 10
Converter
10 Bipolar
*
(Bipolar with dedicated metallic ground return path for
monopolar operation)
11
11 Bipolar
Monopolar
*
(Bipolar without dedicated return path for monopolar operation)
Bipolar Monopolar
12 Bipolar
Monopolar
Monopolar
Converter
HVDC
(
)
6
HVDC
Converter Mode AC DC DC
AC
Inverter Mode
HVDC
HVDC
(SCR GTO)
SCR
Anode (A), Cathode (K), Gate (G)
(Triggering
A
K
signal)
G
K SCR
GTO
G
SCR
(SCR )
6
13 SCR
SCR 2
13 SCR
SCR
SCR
SCR 1, 3, 5 SCR
( A) SCR
V12
4, 6, 2 SCR
( B)
(V1-V2) V1 Q1
V2 Q6
V12
V31 (V3-V1) V3
Q5 V1
Q4
V31
SCR
Q1+Q2, Q2+Q3, Q3+Q4, Q4+Q5,
Q5+Q6, Q6+Q1
( )
SCR
V1 V3 0 (
0
0)
0 SCR
( )
) ( )
(
Converter Mode
90
0
0
90
( )
) Inverter Mode
(
VS RMS
SCR
HVDC
Converter Mode Inverter Mode
DC
Reactor
14
6
14
6
12
(Ripple)
6
6
(6x50 = 300 Hz
)
DC Reactor
12
12
6
15
15 12
30 (
6
60 )
12
(12x50 = 600 Hz )
600 Hz
6
300 Hz
16
12
16 12
6 14
12
6
(Ripple)
6
DC Reactor
18 24
20 15
Line-commutated Current Source
Converter (CSC)
HVDC
HVDC
- 2545 (
2523
-
1
HVAC
-
2
30-80 MW)
HVDC
300 kV, 300 MW
-
HVDC
110 .
Monopolar 300 MW
HVDC
600
MW
Bipolar
HVDC 300 MW
(300 kV, 1,000 A) 450 MW 10
HVDC
100 mH,
(Single Core)
+/- 300 kV
8 kV, 1,550 A
1,152
Passive ( 12/24)
Active (
6/15/21/24/27/33/42/48)
DC, 110 .
(Pole Conductor): 546 ..
(Neutral Conductor): 298 ..
4,980
Siemens AG, Germany
17 HVDC
[Online]. Available from:
*
http://www.ppa.egat.co.th/F-INTER/malaysia.htm [2008, February 1]