Coordinate Geometry Transformations and Rigid Motions

A transformation is a function that changes the position, shape, or side of a figure.

A pre-image is the original figure that is used as the input of a transformation
The image is the figure that has undergone a transformation or the output.
A rigid motion (or isometry) is a transformation that changes the position of a
figure without changing the size or shape of a figure. In a rigid transformation the
pre-image and the image are congruent figures.
Properties of Rigid Motions
-Preserve distance
-Preserve angle measure
-Preserve betweenness
-Preserve collinearity
A vector is a quantity that has both direction and magnitude.
The initial point of a vector is the starting point.
The terminal point of a vector is the ending point.
A translation is a rigid motion along a vector. It is the sliding motion of a figure
that is determined by distance and direction.
Types of Translations
-

Vertical- translation up or down

Horizontal-translation left or right
Oblique- translation of both vertical and horizontal transformation
(diagonal)

A reflection is a rigid motion that moves points by flipping them over a line.
The line that a figure reflects across is called the line of reflection. The line of
reflection can be any horizontal, vertical or diagonal line.
A rotation is a rigid motion that is a turning about a point.
The point about which all points of the plane rotate about is called the center of
rotation.
The angle of rotation tells you the number of degrees through which points rotate
around the center of rotation.
A dilation is a transformation that produces an image that is the same shape as
the pre-image but is a different size. A dilation stretches or shrinks the
original figure.

The scale factor is the magnitude or ratio of sizes between the pre-image and the
image.
The center of dilation is a fixed point on the plane about which all points are
expanded or contracted.
Figures that are the same in same, but not in size are similar figures or have
undergone a similarity transformation or composite transformation.
An algorithm is a list of step by step instructions, or a systematic step by step
procedure (a rule).