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Trigonometric Identities: X R X y
Trigonometric Identities: X R X y
adj x
=
hyp r
opp y sin
tan =
= =
adj x cos
cos =
sec =
cot =
Pythagorean Identities:
tan + 1 = sec
2
cos a sin b
= 12 [sin (a + b ) sin (a b )]
hyp r
1
= =
adj x cos
cos a cos b =
1
[cos (a
2
+ b ) + cos (a b )]
adj x
1
= =
opp y tan
sin a sin b =
1
[cos (a
2
b ) cos (a + b )]
2 tan
tan 2 =
1 tan 2
cos 2 = 2 cos 2 1
cos 2 = cos 2 sin 2
sin 2 + cos 2 = 1
cot 2 + 1 = csc 2
1 cos
1 + cos
sin =
cos =
2
2
2
2
1 cos
sin
1 cos
tan =
=
=
2
1 + cos 1 + cos
sin
2
2
2
Law of cosines:
a = b + c 2bc cos A
where A is the angle of a scalene triangle opposite
side a.
Reduction formulas:
sin( ) = sin
cos( ) = cos
sin() = sin( )
cos() = cos( )
tan( ) = tan
tan() = tan( )
m sin x = cos( x )
Complex Numbers:
cos = 12 ( e j + e j )
cos x = sin( x 2 )
e j = cos j sin
sin = j12 ( e j e j )
Degrees
Radians
sin
cos
0
30
0
/6
0
1/2
45
/4
60
/3
2 /2
3/2
90
120
/2
2/3
135
3/4
3/2
2 /2
150
5/6
1/2
180
210
225
7/6
5/4
0
-1/2
- 3/2
-1
- 3/2
240
4/3
- 2 /2
- 3/2
- 2 /2
-1/2
-1
0
1/2
270
300
3/2
5/3
315
7/4
- 3/2
- 2 /2
11/6
2
-1/2
0
330
360
3/2
2 /2
1/2
tan
0
3/3
1
3
0
-1/2
Undefined
- 3
- 2 /2
-1
- 3/3
0
3/3
1
2 /2
3/2
1
cot
sec
csc
Undefined
3
1
2 3/3
Undefined
2
2
2
3/3
0
- 3/3
-1
- 3
Undefined
3
Undefined
-2
2
2 3/3
1
2 3/3
- 2
-2 3 / 3
-1
-2 3 / 3
- 2
Undefined
-2
- 2
2
2
-2
-2 3 / 3
Undefined
- 3
0
- 3
Undefined
2
-1
- 3/3
0
-1
- 3
Undefined
-1
-2 3 / 3
- 2
2 3/3
1
-2
Undefined
Tom Penick
3/3
tomzap@eden.com
www.teicontrols.com/notes
2/20/2000
y3 y5 y 7
sin y = y + +L
6 5! 7!
y2 y4 y6
cos y = 1 + +L
2 4! 6!
y3 2 y5
tan y = y + +
+L
3 15
1 y y3 2 y5
cot y =
L
y 3 45 945
Hyperbolic functions:
sinh jy = jsin y
cosh jy = jcos y
1 y
e e y
2
1
cosh y = e y + e y
2
sinh y =
tanh jy = j tan y
y3
sinh y = y +
+L
6
y2
cosh y = 1 +
+L
2
y2 5y 4
sech y = 1
+
L
2
24
1 y y3
ctnh y = +
+L
y 3 45
1 y 7 y3
csch y = +
L
y 6 360
y3 2 y5
tanh y = y +
L
3 15
Tom Penick
tomzap@eden.com
www.teicontrols.com/notes
2/20/2000