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Interpretation of Pile Integrity Test (PIT) Results by H.S. Thilakasiri 2006
Interpretation of Pile Integrity Test (PIT) Results by H.S. Thilakasiri 2006
78 - 84, 2006
The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka
1.0
Introduction
78
Hammer
Accelero
meter
C=
F = Zv
Z = EA / C
FUp , =
[ Z 2 Z1 ]
FDown
[ Z 2 + Z1 ]
79
=Z1/Z2
1.0
0.8 1.0
0.6 0.8
0.6 >
2L/c
2X/c
Time
T
Depth
Figure 2 - Schematic diagram
reflections from necking and toe
showing
ENGINEER
Damage assessment
Uniform
Slight damage
Damage
Pile
with
a
major
discontinuity
80
2.0
In the wave equation method, the entire pilesoil system is modeled as a series of masses
supported and connected by set of springs and
dashpots. The size of the individual mass
elements and the stiffness of the springs reflect
the mass and stiffness of various components of
the real pile and the driving system. The soil is
represented by a series of elasto-plastic springs
and linear viscous dashpots. A schematic
diagram of the entire system is shown in Figure
3.
In the wave equation analysis, first introduced
by Smith [1] to solve the 1-D wave propagation
in a pile, the pile is divided into a number of
elements and the mass of each of the elements
is lumped at the nodal points as shown in
Figure 3. The intermediate pile elements are
connected by pile springs, of which the stiffness
(k) estimated by AE/L, Where A, E and L
are the cross sectional area of the pile, Youngs
modulus of pile material and length of an
element respectively. The soil resistance, at the
interface between pile element and the
surrounding soil, during propagation of the
stress wave consists of two parts: (i) a static
resistance, proportional to the deformation and;
(ii) a damping resistance, proportional to the
velocity of the pile element. The static
resistance by the surrounding soil on the pile
elements is represented by an elastic perfectly
plastic soil spring, in which the force is given
by the axial compression () of the spring
multiplied by the stiffness (k/) of the spring.
According to the wave equation analysis
proposed by Smith (1960), the damping
resistance is represented by a viscous dashpot,
in which the force generated is estimated by
multiplying the damping coefficient Jskin of the
dashpot, velocity of the pile element (v) and the
axial force in the spring (k/). The stiffness (k/) of
the side soil spring is estimated as the ratio
ENGINEER
Pile
springs
81
0.30
cm/s
9: #120121122
MA: 10.00
MD: 5.80
LE: 9.12
WS: 3592
LO: 0.00
HI: 0.00
PV: 1
T1: 24
0.15
0.00
T1
-0.15
Toe
Vel
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9m
(a)
0.60
cm/s
11: #82838485
MA: 10.00
MD: 4.30
LE: 9.60
WS: 3531
LO: 0.00
HI: 0.00
PV: 1
T1: 33
0.30
0.00
-0.30
T1
Toe
Vel
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9m
(b)
Figure 4 - Actual PIT records similar piles
from the same site (a) showing a positive
velocity reflection from the toe and (b)
showing negative velocity reflection from the
toe.
Ve l o c i t y Vs Ti m e
K-toe=5000000
K-toe=500000
0. 006
0. 005
K-toe=250000
0. 004
K-toe=50000
0. 003
K-toe=50000
0. 002
0. 001
0
-0. 001
0. 002
0. 004
0. 006
0. 008
0. 01
0. 012
0. 014
0. 016
-0. 002
-0. 003
-0. 004
-0. 005
T i me ( s e c o n d s )
82
Velocity (m/sec)
0.006
-0.03
0.004
Positive
reflection
0.002
-0.23
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
-0.002
(a)
Velocity Vs Time
0.006
Negative
reflection
0.002
0
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
-0.004
Time (Seconds)
(b)
Figure 6 - Effect of the variation of the skin
friction on the velocity record (a) presence of a
very soft layer (b) presence of a stiff layer
ENGINEER
20.00
5.20
17.21
4106
0.88
0.00
0
32
Toe
Vel
4
12
16 m
Time (seconds)
0.004
MA:
MD:
LE:
WS:
LO:
HI:
PV:
T1:
0
0
T1
-0.004
Velocity (m/sec)
16: # 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
0.18
Velocity Vs Time
-0.002
cm/s
83
4.0
Velocity Vs Time
Velocity (m/sec)
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
-0.002
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
-0.004
Time (Seconds)
Velocity (m/sec)
Velocity Vs Time
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
-0.001 0
-0.002
-0.003
-0.004
-0.005
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
References
1.
2.
Time (Seconds)
ENGINEER
Conclusions
84