1|B I TP GI I HN HM S

Bi 1: Tnh gii hn ca hm sau:

tan x x
I lim
x 0 x sin x
Gii bi 1: Thy khi x 0 th gii hn cho c dng bt nh l

0
.
0

p dng quy tc LHospital:

1
1
2
tan x x
1 cos x 1 cos x lim 1 cos x 2 2
cos
x
lim
lim
lim
x 0 x sin x
x 0 1 cos x
x 0
x 0 cos 2 x
1
1 cos x cos 2 x
Bi 2: Tnh gii hn sau y:
1
x

e 1
x
1
x
Gii bi 2:
I lim

Khi x th gii hn cho c dng bt nh l

0
.
0

p dng quy tc LHospital

1
1 1x
e
2
ex 1
x
I lim
lim
e0 1
x
x
1
1
x
x2
Bi 3: Tnh gii hn sau y:
ln x
I lim
x 0 1
x
Gii bi 3:
Khi x 0 th gii hn cho c dng bt nh l
p dng quy tc LHospital
1
ln x
I lim
lim x 0
x 0 1
x 0
1
2
x
x
Bi 4: Tnh gii hn khi n N , a 1
xn
I lim x
x a
Gii bi 4:
Khi x th gii hn c dng bt nh l
p dng quy tc LHospital

2|B I TP GI I HN HM S

xn
nx n 1
n(n 1)x n 2
n!
I lim x lim x
lim

lim
0 (v n l mt s)
x a
x a ln a
x a x (ln a) 2
x a x (ln a) n
Bi 5: Tnh gii hn sau y khi 0

I lim x ln x
x 0

Gii bi 5:
Khi x0, gii hn cho c dng bt nh l 0. , ta a v dng bt nh

ln x
x 0
x 0 1
x
p dng quy tc LHospital
I lim x ln x lim

1
ln x
ln x
x ( 1)
xx
x
x
I lim
lim lim

lim

lim

lim
0
x 0 1
x 0 x
x 0 x ( 1)
x 0 x
x 0 x
x 0
x
Bi 6: Tnh gii hn sau:
1

I lim cot 2 x 2
x 0
x

Gii bi 6:
Khi x 0 th gii hn cho c dng bt nh l
0
a v dng
0
cos 2 x 1
x 2 cos 2 x sin 2 x
1
2
I lim cot x 2 lim 2 2 lim

x 0
x x 0 sin x x x 0
x 2 sin 2 x

x cos x sin x x cos x sin x

lim

2
x 0
sin x

x sin x
Ti y tin hnh thay th VCB tng ng
Khi x 0 th ta c:
xcosx ~ x
sinx ~ x
x2sinx ~ x3
Vy xcosx + sinx ~ x + x = 2x
xcosx sinx khng thay c VCB tng ng v x x = 0x
x cos x sin x x cos x sin x
x cos x sin x x cos x sin x
I lim
lim

lim

2
2

x 0
sin x
sin x
x 0 x sin x x0

x sin x

x cos x sin x 2x
x cos x sin x
lim
lim 2lim

3
x 0
x 0
x
x3

x 0 x

p dng quy tc LHospital

3|B I TP GI I HN HM S

x cos x sin x
cos x x sin x cos x
x sin x
I 2lim
2lim
2lim

3
2
2
x 0
x 0
x 0
x
3x

3x
2
1 sin x
1
2 lim
2 1

3
3 x 0 x
3

Bi 7: Tnh gii hn sau y:

sin 1 x 3 sin1
I lim 5
x 0 1 2x ln cos x 1
Gii bi 7:
Nhn xt, v:

lim sin 1 x 3 sin1 0 v lim

x 0

x 0

1 2x ln cos x 1 0 ta mi tin hnh thay th VCB

tng ng c.

1 x3 1
1 x3 1
1 x3 1
2cos
sin
2cos1 sin
sin 1 x 3 sin1
2
2
2
I lim 5
lim
lim 5
5
x 0 1 2x ln cos x 1
x 0
x

0
1 2x ln cos x 1
1 2x ln cos x 1
Khi x 0, ta c:
1 x3 1
1 x3 1 1 x3 x3
sin
~
~
2
2
2 2
4
2
2
2
2 x2
5
1 2x ln cos x 1 ~ x ln cos x x ln(1 cos x 1) ~ x(cos x 1) ~ x
5
5
5
5 2
x3

5
Vy:

x3
cos1 5
2
I lim
cos1
x 0
x3
2
5
Bi 8: Tnh gii hn sau y:

x 2 4 2x 3 x

I lim

x2 4 x

Gii bi 8:
V lim

x 2 4 2x 3 x lim

x 2 4 x nn ta tin hnh thay VCL

tng ng c.
Khi x ta tin hnh lt b cc VCL c bc thp hn, ch chn nhng VCL c bc cao
nht ca c t v mu.
x 2 4 ~ x v
Nh vy, ta c:

x2 4 ~ x

4|B I TP GI I HN HM S

3x 3

x 2x
2
Bi 9: Tnh gii hn sau y:
ln 1 x tan x
I lim 2
x 0
x sin 3 x
Gii bi 9:
V, limln 1 x tan x 0 lim x 2 sin 3 x 0 nn ta thay c cc VCB tng ng.
I lim

x 0

x 0

Khi x 0, ta tin hnh thay cc VCB tng ng:

ln 1 x tan x ~ x tan x ~ x 2

sin 3 x ~ x 3
Di mu c x 2 x 3 , lt b VCB c bc cao hn, nh vy di mu ta c x2
Nh vy:
x2
I lim 2 1
x 0 x
Bi 10: Tnh gii hn sau y:
ln cos x
I lim
x 0 ln(1 x 2 )
Gii bi 10:
V limln cos x 0 limln(1 x 2 ) 0 nn thay VCB tng ng c.
x 0

x 0

Khi x 0, ta c:

x2
ln(cos x) ln(1 cos x 1) ~ cos x 1 ~
2
2
2
ln(1 x ) ~ x
Nh vy:
x2

1
I lim 22
x 0 x
2
Bi 11: Tnh gii hn sau y:
sin e x 1 1
I lim
x 1
ln x
Gii bi 11:
V limsin e x 1 1 0 limln x 0 nn thay VCB tng ng c.
x 1

I lim

sin e x 1 1

x 1

sin e x 1 1

lim
x 1 ln(1 x 1)
ln x
Khi x 1, ta c:
sin ex 1 1 ~ ex 1 1 ~ x 1
x 1

5|B I TP GI I HN HM S

ln(1 x 1) ~ x 1
Vy,
x 1
I lim
1
x 1 x 1
Bi 12: Tnh gii hn sau y:
e x 1 cos x 1

I lim
x 0
sin 3 x 2x 4
Gii bi 12:
V lim ex 1 cos x 1 0 lim sin 3 x 2x 4 0 nn ta thay VCB tng ng c.
x 0
x 0
Khi x0, ta c:
x2
x
e 1 ~ x v cos x 1 ~ v sin 3 x ~ x 3
2
Nh vy,
x3

1
I lim 23
x 0 x
2
Bi 13: Tnh gii hn sau:
sin 2x 2arctan 3x 3x 2
I lim
x 0 ln 1 3x sin 2 x xe x

Gii bi 13:

V lim sin 2x 2arctan3x 3x 2 0 lim ln 1 3x sin 2 x xe x 0 nn thay VCB

x 0

x 0

tng ng c.
Khi x0, ta c:
sin 2x ~ 2x ; 2arctan3x ~ 6x ; ln 1 3x sin 2 x ~ 3x sin 2 x ~ 3x x 2

xex ~ x.1 x
Nh vy, ta c:
8x
I lim
2
x 0 4x
Bi 14: Tnh gii hn sau y:
x 2 4 2x 3 x

I lim

x2 4 x

Gii bi 14:
V lim

x 2 4 2x 3 x lim

c.
Khi x , ta c:
x2 4 ~ x ;

x2 4 ~ x

x 2 4 x nn thay VCL tng ng

6|B I TP GI I HN HM S

Nhn thy VCL bc cao nht ca t v mu l bc 1, nn cc VCL c bc < 1 s b gin lc

i bt. Nh vy, ta c:
3x 3
I lim

x 2x
2
Bi 15: Tnh gii hn sau y:

x 2 14 x

I lim

x2 2 x
Gii bi 15:
x

V lim

x 2 14 x lim

Khi x , ta c:
Ta thy:

lim

x 2 14 x v lim

x 2 2 x nn ta thay VCL tng ng c.

x 2 2 x . Nn ta mi tin hnh thay VCL tng

x 2 2 x 0 nn ta khng th thay th VCL tng

ng c.

x 2 14 ~ x
x2 2 ~ x
Nh vy,
2x
I lim
1
x 2x
Bi 16: Tnh gii hn sau y:
x 2 14 x

I lim

x2 2 x
Gii bi 16:
x

V lim

x 2 14 x 0 lim

ng c m ch c th tnh bng cc gii hn c bn hoc thay bng VCB tng ng

bng cch bin i biu thc.
#CCH 1:

14
14

x
1

1
2
2
x 14 x
x
x
I lim
lim
lim
x
x
2
x 2 2 x x

2
x x 2 2 x
1 2 1
x
x
Khi x , ta c:
2

x 1

1 2
1
14
1 14 7
2
1

1
~

1
~

2
x2
2 x2 x2
2 x2
x2
x
Nh vy,
1

7|B I TP GI I HN HM S

7
2
I lim x 7
x
1
2
x
# CCH 2:
t t x
Nh vy, gii hn cho tr thnh:
t 2 14 t t 2 2 t t 2 14 t
t 2 14 t
I lim
lim

t
t 2 2 t t t 2 2 t t 2 2 t t 2 14 t
14 t 2 2 t
lim

2
t 2
t 14 t

Khi t , ta c:
t 2 2 ~ t v t 2 14 ~ t
Nh vy,
14
14 2t
I lim
7

t 2 2t
2

Bi 17: VCL no sau y c bc cao nht khi x : 3x ln 3 x , x ln x , 3x , x(2 sin4 x)

Gii bi 17:
(Phng php: Ging nh thut ton tm gi tr Max, th u tin ta gn mt phn t bt k
xem nh l n max ban u, sau so snh tip vi cc phn t khc. Nu c phn t no m
ln hn phn t gn ban u th gi tr Max s gn cho phn t mi . Tng t, so snh
dn dn v ta c gi tr Max nht trong dy)
Chn 3x ln 3 x
Khi x th 3x ln 3 x ~ 3x
x ln x
ln x
lim

So snh vi hm k tip l xlnx: lim
x 3x
x 3
Nh vy: xlnx c bc cao hn 3x + ln3x
C

1
2

3x 3x . Nh vy 3x + ln3x c bc cao nht l 1 b hn bc ca xlnx b loi. Trong

khi 3x c bc l 1/2 < 1 nn cng b loi.

Ta em hm xlnx so snh vi x(2 + sin4x):
x(2 sin 4 x) ~ 2x (do hm sinx l hm b chn)
2x
2
lim
lim
0 xlnx c bc cao hn x(2 + sin4x)
x x ln x
x ln x
Vy: VCL c bc cao nht l xlnx
Bi 18: VCL no sau y c bc cao nht khi x : 2x, x2, x2 + sin4x, xlnx
Gii bi 18:
Tng t bi 17.

8|B I TP GI I HN HM S

Nhn nh u tin l gia 2x v x2 th ta thy 2x l VCL c bc cao hn v 2x tin ra v cng

nhanh hn x2.
Xt x 2 sin 4 x ~ x 2 (do hm sinx l hm b chn)
Nn 2x l VCL c bc cao hn x2 + sin4x
Tng t, ta thy xlnx tin ra v cng chm hn 2x, nh vy:
2x l VCL c bc cao nht khi x
Bi 19: Tnh gii hn sau y:

I lim xe

1
x

Gii bi 19:
t t = -x, ta c gii hn sau:
#CCH 1: I lim te

1
t
t

lim

1
t

. Tin hnh dng LHospital

1
1 t 1t

I lim
0 . Do lim 1 2 e
1
t
t
1 t t

t
1

2
t
#CCH 2:
Dng

I lim te

1
t
t

t 1t
lim t e 0 (Do 0.1 = 0 v hm t chy ra v cng chm hn so vi hm et
t e

nn t/et = 0)
Vy I lim xe

1
x

Bi 20: Tnh gii hn sau y:

x2 4
I lim 2

x x 4

Gii bi 20:
Dng bt nh 1

x2

x 4
x

8
x2 4
8

I lim 2

lim

2
x x 4
x

x 4

8x 2
8
V lim 2
x x 4
Bi 21: Tnh gii hn sau y:
2

I lim 1 2x
x 0

1
4 sin 2 x

8x 2
x 2 4

8x 2
x x 2 4
lim

e8

9|B I TP GI I HN HM S

Gii bi 21:
Dng bt nh 1

I lim 1 2x
lim 1 2x
x 0
x 0

2x 4
2x 4
V lim 2 lim 2 0
x 0 sin x
x 0 x
Bi 22: Tnh gii hn sau y:
1
4 sin 2 x

I lim ln e x

1
4 2x 4

2x 4
sin 2 x

lim

2x 4
x

x 0 sin 2

cot x

x 0

Gii bi 22:
Dng bt nh 1

I lim ln e x

cot x

x 0

x
lim ln e 1
x 0
e

cot x

x
lim 1 ln 1
x 0
e

x
ln 1 cot x

e
x
lim ln 1 cot x
x

ln
1

lim 1 ln 1 e
e e e I2
x 0

x cos x 1
Tnh I2 limln 1

x 0
e sin x e

x x
V khi x 0 th ln 1 ~ ; cosx ~ 1; sinx ~ x
e e

Nh vy:

I lim ln e x
x 0

cot x

1
e

Bi 23: Tnh gii hn sau;

I lim 1 tan x
2

1
sin 2 2x

x 0

Gii bi 23:
Dng bt nh 1

tan 2 x
sin 2 2x

1
2

2
tan x
I lim 1 tan x
lim 1 tan x
e I2

x 0
x 0

2
sin x

2
2
tan x
1
cos 2 x lim sin x

lim

Tnh I2 lim
2
2
2
2
4
x 0 sin 2x
x 0 4sin x cos x
x 0 4sin x cos x
4
Nh vy,
2

I lim 1 tan x
2

x 0

1
sin 2 2x

1
sin 2 2x

1
4

Bi 24: Tnh gii hn sau y:

cot x

10 | B I T P G I I H N H M S
1

I lim cos x x 2
x 0

Gii bi 24:
Dng bt nh 1

I lim cos x
x 0

1
x2

I lim 1 cos x 1
x 0

1
cos x 1

cos x 1
x2

lim

x 0

cos x 1
x2

Tnh:

cos x 1
x 0
x2
Khi x 0, cosx 1 ~ -x2/2
x 2
cos x 1
1
I2 lim
lim 22
2
x 0
x 0 x
x
2
I2 lim

I lim cos x
x 0

1
x2

1
2

Bi 25: Tnh gii hn sau y:

2x 2 3
I lim 2

x 2x 1

Gii bi 25:
Dng bt nh 1

x2

2x 1
x2

4
2x 2 3
4

I lim 2
lim 1 2

x 2x 1
x

2x 1

4x 2
2
V lim 2
x 2x 1
Bi 26: Tnh gii hn sau y:
2

1x 1
I lim e
x
x

Gii bi 26:
Dng bt nh 1
t t = 1/x, ta c gii hn sau
1
t

I lim e t e
t

t 0

Tnh I2

1
lim ln(et t)

t 0 t

e I2

4x 2
2x 2 1

e2

e I2

11 | B I T P G I I H N H M S

1
1
1
t

I 2 lim ln e t t lim ln e t t lim ln e t 1 t

t 0 t
t 0 t
t 0 t
e

1
t

lim ln e t ln 1 t
t 0 t
e

Nh vy,
x

1
t
1

t t lim 1 t 2
lim

t 0 t e t 0 e

1 1
I lim e x e2
x
x