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Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

CHNG II
CC PHNG PHP TNH TON DY QUN MY BIN P MT
PHA .
Trn thc t c rt nhiu cch tnh ton dy qun cho my bin p cm ng
mt pha, ti ny chng em xin trnh by v thc hin theo phng php tnh
ton dy qun da trn kch thc li thp cho trc. y l phng php hay
v c nhiu u im, trc ht phng php ny ph hp vi kh nng ca chng
em. V chng ta c th d dng thc hin theo phng php ny v li thp c
sn xut sn, sau khi mua v chng ta s tnh ton dy qun theo kch thc sn c
ca li thp.
Sau y chng em xin trnh by v phng php v cch thc tnh ton ca
chng em.

Gio Vin Hng Dn

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Trng SPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

2.1 o kch thc chun ca li thp loi E, I.

Hnh 2.1: Kch thc c bn ca li thp tiu chun dng E I.

K hiu v tn gi cc kch thc c bn cu li thp:
+ a : B rng tr gia ca li thp.
+ b : B dy cu li thp bin p.
+ c : B rng ca ca s li thp.
+ h : chiu cao ca s li thp.
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Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

( Ch :cc kch thc ny khi o v tnh ton u tnh theo n vi l mm

hoc cm)
Cc kch thc a , c v h u c o trc tip trn mt l thp E I. Nh
ti ny chng em o c s liu nh sau :
a= 4

( cm ).

c = 2.4 ( cm ).
h = 6 ( cm ).
b = ( b dy 1 l thp)*(tng s l thp).

(2.1)

b = 8 (cm )

Hnh 2.2 : Cc kch thc ngoi ca li thp.

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Trng SPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

Kch thc tng qut cu ton b l thp sau khi ghp sat c xc nh nh
hnh 2.2 . Chng ta c th tnh khi lng li thp bin p ( dng tiu chun) theo
h thc :
W fer = 46,8 . a2.b = 46,8 . 0.42 .0,8 = 6 (kg)

(2.2)

Trong W fer l khi lng cu li thp my bin p, vi gi tr khi lng

ring ca l thp l 7,8 kg/dm3 . W fer c tnh thep n v kg.
Sau khi xc nh c cc kch thc c bn ca my bin p ta tnh tit
din tr gia ca li thp ch E. y chnh l tit din cho t thong mc vng
xuyn qua cc b dy qun .
Gi At l tit din tr gia li thp , ta c:
At = a.b = 4. 8 = 32 (cm2)

(2.3)

Trong , n v o l : At (cm2), (a) = (b) = (cm).

2.2 Xc nh gi tr Nv ( S vng dy qun to ra 1 volt sc in ng
cm ng).
phn ny chng ta ch c hai thao tc c bn nh sau:
+ Chn mt t thng (hay t cm) B dng tnh ton cho li thp.
+p dng cng thc tnh c s vng dy qun to ra c 1 volt
sc in ng cm ng.
Nv =

(2.4)

Trong :
+Nv l s vng dy qun to ra 1 V sc in ng cm ng, n v
(vng/volt).
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Trng SPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

+B : mt t thong , n v T
+At : tit din tr gia li thp , n v cm 2
Tiu chun chn B:
+ Vi l thp k thut in c b dy tiu chun t 0.5mm n 0.35mm, l
thp thuc loi tole cn nng v hm lng Si t 2% n 4% th chng ta chn gi
tr B t 1,0 T n 1,2 T.
+ Vi l thp k thut in c b dy tiu chun t 0.5mm n 0.35mm, l
thp thuc loi tole cn lnh vi hm lng Si khong 4% th ta chn gi tr ca B
t 1,4 T n 1,6 T.
ti ny chng em chn B = 1,2 T.
Vy thay vo cng thc 2.4 ta c:
Nv =

1.2 (vng/ Volt)

(2.5)

2.3 Xc nh s nguyn l ca my bin p, tnh ton s vng dy

qun cho mi cun.

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Trng SPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

Hnh 2.3 :S nguyn l my bin p theo yu cu ca ti.

Theo l thuyt v my bin p ( c trnh by chng I) th s vng dy
qun ca cc cun dy my bin p c xc nh theo sc in ng cm ng
trong cc b dy s cp v th cp. Nhng theo s nguyn l cu my bin p
cn thc hin th cun s cp c 8 u vo v c 3 u ra. trng hp ny ta
chn mt gi tr ca in p bn s cp tnh, sau tnh tip cc gi tr cn li.
ta chn : U1 = U15 = 220V, U2 = U22 =24 V. Vi U1 v U2 l in p cun s cp v
th cp ta c:
N1 = Nv. U1

(2.6)

N2 = 1,1 . Nv. U2

(2.7)

Trong :
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Trng SPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

+ N1 , N2 ln lt l s vng dy qun s cp v th cp.

+ S 1,1 trong cng thc (2.7) c ngha l t s chnh lch gia sc in
ng ti dy qun th cp so vi in p nh mc ti th cp lc y ti.
Theo s liu tnh c cng thc (2.5) ta c Nv = 0,8 (vng/volt), ta
thay vo cng thc (2.6) v (2.7) ta c:
N1 = 1,2 . 220 = 264 (vng)
N2 = 1,1 . 1,2 . 24 = 32 (vng)
Vi 10v ca cun s cp th ta cn 10 . 1,2 = 12 (vng)
Vi 12 v ca cun th cp cn 12 . 1,1 . 1,2 = 15.84 ( vng ) = 16 (vng)
Nh vy vi bn s cp c 8 mc in p vo khc nhau chnh lch nhau 10
v th c 12 vng dy ta li xut 1 u dy ra ngoi ly in.
V d :
in p U11 = 180 V tc l phi qun n 180 . 1,2 = 216 vng
in p U12 = 190 V th ta ch qun thm 12 vng l c.
Tng t nh vy vi cun th cp th ta phi qun tt c l N22 vng vi
N22 = 24 . 1,1 .1,2 = 31,84 vng ( ly bng 32 vng)
ly in p ly in p 12 V th ta ly vng th 16 l c.
2.4 Chn mt dng in, c lng hiu sut, chn gi tr h s lp
y tnh ton, ng knh dy qun s cp v th cp.
2.4.1 Chn mt dng in J.
Mt dng in J ph thuc vo cc thong s sau : cp cch in chu
nhit ca vt liu lm dy bin p, ch lm vic my bin p lien tc , ngn hn
hay lp li hay ngn hn khng lp li. kiu thng gi tn nhit cho my bin p.

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Trng SPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

Mun chn mt dng in chnh xc chng ta cn tham kho cc bn s

tiu chun v mt dng in. trong ti ny chng em chn gi tr
J=4.5A/mm2 tnh ton v thc hin ti.
2.4.2 Tnh chn h s lp y Kld.
a , Tnh ton gi tr din tch ca ca s li thp .
Gi Acs l din tch ca ca s li thp, ta c h thc tnh Acs nh sau:
Acs = c.h

(2.8)

Trong :
(Acs ) = (mm2) ; (c) = (h) = (mm)
Vi l thp tiu chun ta c quan h gia cc kch thc c bn vi kch
thc ca ca s li thp nh sau :
C=

;h=

( 2.9)

Nh vy chng ta c cng thc :

Acs = 0.75 .a2 = 0.75 . (402) = 1200 (mm 2)

(2.10)

Gi Kld l h s lp y ca ca s li thp, ta c cng thc :

Kld =

(2.11)

i vi phng php tnh ny th ta c th chn Kld trong khong t 0.36

n 0.46 l hp l. bi ny chng em chn Kld = 0.46 lm kt qu tnh ton cho
cc mc sau. Sau s quay li tnh , kim tra li Kld sau.
2.4.3 c lng hiu sut .
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Trng SPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

Gi l hiu sut my bin p, theo thuyt my bin p mt pha, chng ta

nh ngha hiu sut ca my bin p theo cng thc:
=

(2.12)

(2.13)

Trong cc trng hp ti c tnh in cm, ng thi nu xem tn hao thp

rt b, in khng tn t ca bin p khng cao; lc gi tr h s cng sut ti v
h s cng sut pha s cp c th xem nh gn bng nhau.
Trong trng hp ny , mt cch gn ng chng ta c th vit nh sau:
=

(2.14)

Ta chn = 90% ( = 0,9)

Trong :
S1 v S2 ln lt l cng sut biu kin cung cp vo pha c cp v th
cp, nu p dng cng thc (2.14) chng ta c th xc nh c t s gi tr dng
in qua cc dy qun s cp v th cp theo cng thc.
= .

(2.15)

Vi gi tr mt dng in J = 4,5 A/mm2 chn trong cc cng on tnh

ton trn, chng ta c t s tit din ca dy qun s cp v th cp t cng thc
(2.15) theo l thuyt ta c:

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S=

N MN HC

(2.16)

Gi S1 v S2 l tit din dy qun s cp v th cp, suy ra :

=

=.

= ( )2 (2.17)

Tm li ta c quan h sau :
=

(2.18)

Trong : d1 v d2 l ng knh dy trn pha s cp v th cp.

Vi dy qun s cp v th cp l dy in t tit din trn trng men,
ng knh dy c tnh lp men bc v ng knh dy trn c quan h vi nhau
nh sau:
dcd (mm) = d (mm) + 0.05(mm)

(2.19)

T cc cng thc trn ta c cng thc tnh li h s lp y nh sau :

Kld =

(2.20)

N1. Scd1 + N2 . Scd2 = Kld . Acs

(2.21)

2.4.4 Tnh ton ng knh ca dy qun.

Theo kt qu chn la cc khu trn ta c :
= 0,9 ; Kld = 0.46
Thay vo cng thc (2.15) ta c:
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Trng SPKT Hng Yn

Khoa: in - in T
= .

N MN HC

= 0,9 .

= 8.25

T l tit din dy qun ca cun th cp so vi s cp theo cng thc

(2.17) ta c :
=

T y ta c :

= 8.25

8.25

8.25

(2.22)

T l ng knh ca cun th cp so vi s cp theo cng thc (2.18) ta

c:

= 2.87

T cng thc (2.21) v ( 2.22 ) ta c h phng trnh :

Vi tit din trn ca dy qun nh vy ta ng knh ca dy s cp v

th cp l :
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d1cd =

N MN HC

1,128 .

d2cd =

= 1,128 .

1,128 .

= 1.128 .

=1.22 mm

= 3,406 (mm)

Trn thc t ta chn kch thc dy cho my bin p l:

d1 = 1,2 (mm) ; d2 = 3,5 (mm)
2.4.5 Kim tra li h s lp y. (Kld)
Ta c cng thc :
Kld =
Lc ny ta chn c ng knh dy cun s cp v th cp nh sau:
+ Vi cun s cp : d1/ d1cd = 1,2 (mm)/ 1,204(mm)
Tit din thc ca dy s cp l : S1cd =

. (1,2)2

1(mm2 )

+ Vi cun th cp : d2 / d2cd = 3.4(mm)/ 3,404 (mm)

Tit din thc l : S2cd = . (3,404)2 = 8.95 (mm2)
Vy ta c :
Kld =

= 0,458 (tha mn)

2.5 c lng cng sut biu kin nhn c pha th cp my bin p.

Theo yu cu ca ti th S2 = 1100 (VA)
I2dm =

Theo tnh ton th :

Gio Vin Hng Dn
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= 45.83 (A)

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Khoa: in - in T

N MN HC

I1 = J. . (d1)2 = 4,5 . . (1)2 = 3,53 (A)

I2 = J. . (d2)2 = 4,5 . . 3,52 = 44(A)
Cng sut biu kin cu my bin p l
S1 = U1.I1 = 220 . 3,53 = 1216 (VA)
S2 = U2.I2 = 24. 44 = 1056 (VA)

Gio Vin Hng Dn

Nguyn nh Hng

Nhm Thc Hin : ng Vn Dng

Phm Vn Dng
Khoa Vn Dng