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Integral Definido. Exercicios Resolvidos
Integral Definido. Exercicios Resolvidos
Exerccio 1.
1 + x dx .
1
1
(1 + x) 2 +1
1 + x d (1 + x) = (1 + x) 2 d (1 + x) =
1
0
+ 1
1 + x dx =
3
2
= (1 + x ) 2
3
(x
(x
x dx
2
+1
x dx
2
+1
=
0
1
d (x2 )
1
1
1
d (x2 )
d ( x 2 + 1) 1
1
1
= 2
=
x2 +1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 1 x + 1
2 1 x + 1
2 1
1 x + 1
(1 + x) 2
=
3
3
3
2 32
2
2
2
2
= (1 + 1) (1 + 0) = 2 1 = 2 2 1 .
3
3
3
Exerccio 2.
2 +1
1 x 2 + 1
=
2 2 + 1
((
1
= x2 +1
2
1
1
1 1
= 2
2 x + 1
d ( x 2 + 1) =
1 1
1
=0
= 2
2
2 1 + 1 (1) + 1
(1 + l nx) dx
.
x
1
Exerccio 3.
(1 + l nx) dx
dx
= (1 + l nx)
= (1 + l nx) d (l nx) = d (l nx) + l nx d (l nx) =
1 x
x
1
1
1
1
e
= (l nx ) 1
ln2 x
l n 2e l n 21
1 3
= (l n e l n1) +
= 1 + = .
+
2
2 2
2 1
2
Matemtica 1
dx
Exerccio 4.
16 x 2
dx
16 x
dx
4 x
2
x
= arcsen
4
2
0
= arcsen arcsen =
4
4
1
= arcsen arcsen(0 ) = 0 = .
6
6
2
Exerccio 5.
dx
.
+ 4x + 5
dx
dx
dx
d ( x + 2)
0 x 2 + 4 x + 5 = 0 x 2 + 4 x + 4 + 1 = 0 ( x + 2) 2 + 1 = 0 12 + ( x + 2) 2 =
1
Exerccio 6.
sen(2 x) dx .
0
1o
mtodo :
1
1 2
1
2 =
(
)
sen
(
2
x
)
dx
=
sen
(
2
x
)
d
(
2
x
)
=
sen
(
2
x
)
d
(
2
x
)
=
c
os
(
2
x
)
0
0
0
2
2 0
2
2
1
1
1
= cos 2 c os (2 0) = (cos ( ) c os (0) ) = ( 1 1) = 1 .
2 2
2
2
Matemtica 1
2o
mtodo :
sen x
0 sen(2 x) dx = 0 2 senx cos x dx = 2 0 senx d ( senx) = 2 2
2
sen 2
2
12 0 2
2 sen 0
= 2
= 2
2
2
2
2
= 1 .
cosx
dx .
3
x
sen
Exerccio 7.
3+1
( sen x)
c osx
d ( senx)
3
sen 3 x dx = sen 3 x = (sen x) d ( sen x) = 3 + 1
2
1 1
=
2 sen 2 x
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
3
= 2
= (1 4 ) = .
2
2
2 1 1
2
2
2
2
sen sen
2
6
(x 2e ) dx .
1
Exerccio 8.
(
1
x2
x 2e dx = x dx 2e dx = x dx 2 e dx =
2
0
0
0
0
x
12 0 2
=
2
2
( )
2 e x
0
1
0
1
5
2 e1 e 0 = 2e + 2 = 2e .
2
2
Exerccio 9.
2 x + 3 x dx .
(
8
1
2
1
3
2 x + x dx = 2 x dx + x dx = 2 x dx + x dx =
3
Matemtica 1
1 +1
1 +1
x3
x2
= 2
+
1
1 +1
+1
2
0 3
2 2
3
8
8
3
4
2 2
3 3
= 2 x + x
3
4
0
=
0
3
4
2 2
3
3 4
3
2 2
3
100
.
8 2 0 2 + 8 3 0 3 =
83 + 3 84 =
16 2 + 16 =
4
3
4
3
4
3
A funo
2x 1
dx .
3
+x
Exerccio 10.
2x 1
racional.
x3 + x
2x 1
2x 1
A Bx + C
=
= + 2
3
2
x + x x( x + 1) x
x +1
2 x 1 = Ax 2 + A + Bx 2 + Cx = ( A + B ) x 2 + Cx + A
Obtemos o sistema:
A + B = 0 ,
C = 2,
A = 1,
A = 1,
B = 1,
C = 2.
Portanto
2x 1
1
x+2
1 x + 2
1 x 3 + x dx = 1 x + x 2 + 1 dx = 1 x dx + 1 x 2 + 1 dx =
2
1
2
1
x
2
x
= dx + 2
+ 2
dx + 2
dx =
dx = dx + 2
x
x
+
+
x
+
1
x
+
1
x
1
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
= dx + 2
d ( x 2 + 1) + 2 2
dx =
x
2 1 x +1
1
1 x +1
= (l n x
2
1
1
l n x2 +1
2
+ 2 (arctg 2 arctg 1) =
2
1
+ 2 (arctg x ) 1 = (l n 2 l n 1) +
2
1
(l n 5 l n 2 ) +
2
1
3
1
l n 5 l n 2 + 2 arctg 2 = l n + 2 arctg 2 .
2
2
4 2
4
Matemtica 1
senx cos
Exerccio 11.
x dx .
x s up =
t s up = sen = 1
2
Portanto
1
2
2
0 senx cos x dx = 0 t (1 t ) 1 t 2 dt = 0 t 1 t dt = 2 0 1 t d (t ) =
2
1
1
= 1 t 2 d (1 t 2 ) = 1 t 2
2 0
2 0
1 1 t 2
=
3
2
3
2
1
= 1 t 2
3
=
0
3
2
1
= 1 12
3
) (1 0 )
3
2
3
2 2
1
=3.
e
0
1
2
Exerccio 12.
2 2 +1
1 1 t
d (1 t 2 ) =
2 1
+ 1
1
dx .
+ ex
xi nf = 0 t i nf = e 0 = 1 ,
Portanto
1
1
1
0 e x + e x dx = 0
x s up = 1 t s up = e1 = e .
1
1
e
dx =
dt = 2
dt = (arctg t ) 1 =
1
1 t
1 t +
1 t +1
ex + x
t
e
1
Matemtica 1
Exerccio 13.
x 2 + 9 dx .
Fazemos a substituio
x 2 + 9 = t . Ento temos:
x2 + 9 = t x2 + 9 =t 2
t dt
x = t 2 9 dx =
t2 9
x s up = 4 t s up = 4 2 + 9 = 5 .
Portanto
4
x + 9 dx =
2
Exerccio 14.
t3
53 33 98
t 9 t
dt = t dt = =
=
.
3
3
t2 9
33 3
3
5
dx
x + 1 + ( x + 1) 3
x s up = 2 t s up = 2 + 1 = 3 .
Portanto
2
dx
x + 1 + ( x + 1) 3
3
= 2
dt
1+ t
1
=
0
2t dt
t dt
=
= 2
=
3
2
3
x + 1 + ( x + 1)
1 t +t
1 t (1 + t )
dx
3
= 2 (arctg t ) 1 = 2 arctg 3 arctg 1 = 2 = .
3 4 6
Exerccio 15.
dx
1 + sen x + cos x .
0
x
Fazemos a substituio tg = t . Ento temos:
2
senx =
2t
1 t2
,
c
os
x
=
.
1+ t2
1+ t2
6
Matemtica 1
x
tg = t
2
x
= arctg t
2
x = 2 arctg t dx =
2 dt
.
1+ t2
x s up =
t s up = tg = 1 .
4
Portanto
dx
0 1 + sen x + cos x = 0
2t
1 t2
1+
+
1+ t2 1+ t2
1
d (1 + t ) = (l n 1 + t
1
+
t
0
dx
1+
Exerccio 16.
1
0
2 dt
2 dt
dt
=
=
=
2
2
2
1
t
+
1+ t
1
t
2
t
1
t
+
+
+
0
0
1
= (l n 1 + 1 l n 1 + 0 ) = l n 2 .
x s up = 4 t s up = 4 = 2 .
Portanto
2t dt
t dt
1+ t 1
1
1+ t
0 1 + x = 0 1 + t = 2 0 1 + t = 2 0 1 + t dt = 2 0 1 + t 1 + t dt =
4
dx
1
2
d (1 + t ) = 2 (t ) 0 2 (l n 1 + t
1+ t
0
= 2 dt 2
0
2
0
= 2 (2 0) 2 (l n 1 + 2 l n 1 + 0 ) = 4 2 l n 3 .
0
Exerccio 17.
1+
dx
3
x +1
Matemtica 1
x s up = 0 t s up = 3 0 + 1 = 1 .
Portanto
0
1+
dx
3
x +1
1 2
1
1
1
3t 2 dt
t dt
1+ t 2 1
t 2 1
dt =
= 3
= 3
dt = 3
+
1
+
t
1
+
t
1
+
t
1
+
t
1
+
t
0
0
0
0
(t 1)(t + 1)
1
1
= 3
+
+ t 1 dt =
dt = 3
1+ t
1+ t
1+ t
0
0
1
1
= 3
dt + 3 t dt 3 dt = 3 (l n 1 + t
1+ t
0
0
0
1
0
t2
+ 3
2
1
3 (t ) 0 =
0
12 0 2
3
= 3 (l n 1 + 1 l n 1 + 0 ) + 3 3 (1 0) = 3 l n 2 .
2
2
2
3
x
dx .
6x
Exerccio 18.
x
= t . Ento temos:
6 x
Fazemos a substituio
x
=t
6 x
6t 2
dx =
2
1+ t
x
=t2
6 x
x = 6t 2 x t 2
12t (1 + t 2 ) 6t 2 2t
12t
dt =
dt =
2 2
1+ t
1+ t2
x=
6t 2
1+ t2
dt .
x s up = 3 t s up = 1 .
Portanto
3
x
12t
dx = t
6 x
1+ t2
0
dt = 12
0
t2
(1 + t )
2 2
dt = 6
0
t 2t dt
(1 + t )
2 2
= 6 t
0
2t dt
(1 + t )
2 2
Matemtica 1
dV =
2t dt
(1 + t )
2 2
, V =
2t dt
(1 + t )
2 2
d (t 2 )
(1 + t )
2 2
d (1 + t 2 )
(1 + t )
2 2
(1 + t )
=
2 2 +1
2 +1
1
.
1+ t2
Obtemos
t 1 1 dt
1
0
1
= 6
+
+ (arctg t ) 0 =
= 6
2
2
2
2
1+1 1+ 0
1 + t 0 0 1 + t
1 3 ( 2)
.
= 6 + =
2
2 4
Exerccio 19.
e
0
dx
.
+1
xi nf = 0 t i nf = e 0 = 1 ,
x s up = 1 t s up = e1 = e .
Portanto
e
e
e
1
1+ t
dx
dt
1+ t t
t
0 e x + 1 = 1 (t + 1) t = 1 (t + 1) t dt = 1 (t + 1) t (t + 1) t dt =
e
e
e
1
1
1
1
dt = dt
=
d (t + 1) = (l n t
t
(
t
+
1
)
t
t
+
1
1
1
1
) (l n t + 1 )
e
Exerccio 20.
dx
(1 + x 2 ) 3
2e
.
e +1
1 + x = 1 + (tg t )
2
sen t
sen 2 t cos 2 t + sen 2 t
1
= 1 +
= 1 +
=
=
.
2
2
cos t
cos t
cos 2 t
cos t
Matemtica 1
xi nf = 1 t i nf = arctg (1) =
x s up = 3 t s up = arctg ( 3 ) =
Portanto
dx
(1 + x 2 ) 3
dx
( 1+ x )
dt
cos 2 t
1
4
cos 2 t
dt
cos 2 t
1
4
c os t
dt
2
c os t 3 c os 3t dt
=
=
1
cos 2 t
cos 3 t 4
3
2
3 2
= c os t dt = (sent ) 3 = sen sen =
=
.
2
2
2
3
4
3
3
xe
Exerccio 21.
dx .
Fazemos:
U = x dU = dx ,
dV = e x dx V = e x dx = e x .
Portanto
1
xe
dx = (x ( e ))
x
1
0
( e )dx = (x (e ))
1
+ e x dx = x e x
( ( )) (e )
= x ex
1
0
( ( )) + ( e )
1
0
) (
1 1
2
= 1 e 1 0 e 0 e 1 e 0 = + 1 = 1 .
e e
e
1
2
arcsen x dx .
Exerccio 22.
Fazemos:
U = arcsen x dU = (arcsen x ) dx =
1
1 x2
dx ,
dV = dx V = dx = x .
Portanto
1
2
arcsen x dx = (x arcsen x )
1
2
0
1
2
1
2
0
= ( x arcsen x ) +
1
2
x
1 x2
dx = (x arcsen x )
1
2
0
1 2 d (x2 )
=
2 0 1 x2
1
2
1 d ( x )
1 d (1 x 2 )
= ( x arcsen x ) +
=
2 0 1 x2
2 0 1 x2
2
1
2
0
10
Matemtica 1
= (x arcsen x ) 02 +
1
2
1
1 x2
2 0
1
2
2 2 +1
1 1 x
+
1
2
+1
d (1 x 2 ) = ( x arcsen x ) 02
2 2
1
1
1
= arcsen 0 arcsen(0 ) + 1 1 0 2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
=
0
3
3
1 =
+
1.
= +
4
12 2
2 6
x dx
.
2
x
sen
Exerccio 23.
Fazemos:
U = x dU = dx ,
dV =
dx
sen 2 x
V =
dx
= ctg x .
sen 2 x
Portanto
3
cos x
x dx
3
3
(
)
(
)
=
ctg
x
ctg
x
)
dx
=
ctg
x
+
dx =
sen 2 x
sen x
4
4
3
= ( x ctg x ) 3 +
4
d ( sen x)
= ( x ctg x ) 3 + (l n senx
sen x
4
= ctg ctg + l n sen l n sen
3 4
4
3
4
3
Exerccio 24.
(9 4 3 ) 1
3
=
+ ln .
36
2
2
senx dx .
Fazemos:
U = x3
dV = sen x dx V = sen x dx = c os x .
dU = 3 x 2 dx ,
Portanto
+ 3 x cos x dx = + 3 x 2 cos x dx =
2
11
Matemtica 1
dV = c os x dx V = cos x dx = sen x .
dU = 2 xdx ,
= + 3 x 2 senx
2 x sen x dx =
0
dV = sen x dx V = sen x dx = c os x .
Portanto obtemos:
(
)
= 6 x c os x 0 (c os x) dx =
0
= + 6 ( c os ( ) 0 c os (0) ) 6 cos x dx =
3
Exerccio 25.
2x
cos x dx .
Fazemos:
U = e2x
dV = cos x dx V = c os x dx = sen x .
dU = 2 e 2 x dx ,
Portanto
2x
2x
e cos x dx = e sen x
2
0
2 e 2 x sen x dx =
2
2
= e 2 sen e 20 sen (0) 2 e 2 x sen x dx = e 2 e 2 x sen x dx =
2
0
0
dU = 2 e 2 x dx ,
dV = sen x dx V = sen x dx = c os x .
12
Matemtica 1
Na continuao temos:
= e 2 e 2 x c os x
= e + 2 e 2 x cos x
Portanto obtemos:
2
0
2
0
2 e ( c os x) dx =
0
2x
2x
2 e c os x dx = e 2 4 e 2 x cos x dx .
0
0
2x
2x
e cos x dx = e 2 4 e cos x dx .
5 e 2 x cos x dx = e 2 e
0
2x
e cos x dx =
0
e 2
.
5
Exerccio 26.
sen (l nx) dx .
1
Fazemos:
1
1
e
1 sen (l nx) dx = (x sen (l nx) ) 1 1 x cos (l nx) x dx =
e
13
Matemtica 1
Na continuao temos:
e
e
= e sen(1) ( x cos (l nx) ) 1 ( sen (l nx)) dx =
1
Portanto obtemos:
e
sen (l nx) dx =
Exerccio 27.
arcsen x
1+ x
e sen(1) e c os (1) + 1
.
2
dx .
Fazemos:
U = arcsen x dU = (arcsen x ) dx =
1
1 x2
dx ,
+1
(
1 + x) 2
dx = (1 + x ) d (1 + x) =
1
dV =
1
1+ x
dx V =
1+ x
1
2
1
+1
2
= 2 1+ x .
Portanto
1
arcsen x
1+ x
dx = 2 1 + x arcsen x
) 2
1
1+ x
1
1 x2
=2 2
2
0
1
1 x
= 2 + 4 (1 x)
1
2
dx = 2 + 2
0
dx =
1
1 x 1+ x
dx =
+1
2
1
(1 x)
d (1 x) = 2 + 2
1 +1
1 x
= 2 + 4 (1 1)
1
2
=
0
(1 0) 2 = 2 4 .
14
Matemtica 1
Exerccio 28.
arctg
x dx .
Fazemos:
U = arctg x
dU = arctg x dx =
1+
dV = dx V = x .
Portanto
arctg
x dx = x arctg x
) x 2
1
( x)
1
x (1 + x)
( x ) dx =
dx
2 x (1 + x)
dx =
1
x
1
x
= 1 arctg 1 0 arctg 0
dx =
dx =
2 0 1+ x
4 2 0 1+ x
Fazemos a substituio
x = t x = t2
dx = 2t dt ;
x s up = 1 t s up = 1 = 1 .
Na continuao temos:
1
t
t2
1+ t 2 1
2
dt
dt
=
dt =
2 0 1+ t2
4 0 1 + t 2
4 0 1 + t 2
1
1
1+ t 2
1
2
4 0 1+ t
1+ t2
1
1
1
1
dt = 1
dt
=
dt
+
dt =
2
2
4 0 1+ t
4 0
0 1+ t
(t ) 0 + (arctg t ) 0 =
1
1.
Exerccio 29.
x l n (1 + x
) dx .
Fazemos:
U = l n (1 + x 2 ) dU = l n (1 + x 2 ) dx =
dV = x dx V =
1
2 x dx
1 + x 2 dx =
,
2
1+ x
1+ x2
x2
.
2
Portanto
15
Matemtica 1
1
x2
x3
2
l
n
(
1
+
x
)
dx
=
l
n
(
1
+
x
)
dx =
2
0
1
+
x
0 0
1
12
1 x + x3 x
02
= l n (1 + 12 ) l n (1 + 0 2 )
dx =
2
2
2
0 1+ x
1
1 d (1 + x 2 ) 1
1 1
+
= l n (2) + l n (1 + x 2 )
2
2
2 2
0 2 0 1+ x
x2
1
= l n (2)
2
2
=
1
x
1
x
l n (2) x
dx = l n (2) x dx +
dx =
2
2
2
2
1+ x
0
0
0 1+ x
1
0
1
1 1
1
l n (2) + l n (1 + 12 ) l n (1 + 0 2 ) = l n (2) .
2
2 2
2
Exerccio 30.
l n (1 + x) dx .
0
Fazemos:
1
U = l n (1 + x) dU = (l n (1 + x) ) dx =
dx ,
1+ x
dV = dx V = x .
Portanto
1
l n (1 + x) dx = (x l n (1 + x) )
0
x
1+ x 1
dx = (1 l n (1 + 1) 0 l n (1 + 0) )
dx =
2
1+ x
0
0 1+ x
1
1
0
1
1
= l n (2) 1
d (1 + x) =
dx = l n (2) dx +
1+ x
1+ x
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
d (1 + x) = l n (2) ( x ) 0 + (l n (1 + x) ) 0 =
1+ x
0
= l n (2) dx +
0
= l n (2) (1 0) + (l n (1 + 1) l n (1 + 0) ) = 2 l n (2) 1 .
16
Matemtica 1
d) Calcular os integrais.
Exerccio 31.
x + sen x
dx .
1 + c os x
6
x
Fazemos a substituio tg = t . Ento temos:
2
senx =
2t
1 t2
,
c
os
x
=
.
1+ t2
1+ t2
x
tg = t
2
x
= arctg t
2
x = 2 arctg t dx =
2 dt
.
1+ t2
t i nf = tg ,
12
x s up =
t s up = tg = 1 .
4
Portanto
x + sen x
dx =
1 + c os x
tg
12
2t
1
2t
1 + t 2 2 dt =
2 arctg t +
dt =
2
2
1+ t
1+ t2
tg
12
1+ t2
2 arctg t +
2t
2t
2 arctg t +
1
2
1 + t 2 dt =
1 + t 2 2 dt =
1+ t2 +1 t2 1+ t2
1 t2
1+ t2
1+
tg
12
1+ t 2
1+ t2
2 arctg t +
tg
12
= 2
tg
12
tg
12
arctg t dt + 2
t
dt =
1+ t2
1
dt ;
1+ t2
dV = dt V = t .
Na continuao temos:
17
Matemtica 1
1
1
1
t
t
= 2 t arctg (t )
dt + 2
dt =
2
1+ t2
tg tg 1 + t
tg
12
12
12
1
1
t
t
tg
tg
12
12
= 2 tg = tg .
12 2 6
12
4 12
sen
Exerccio 32.
x cos x dx .
1o
mtodo :
3
2
sen x cos x dx = sen x cos x sen x dx =
(1 cos x )
= (1 cos x )
2
1
2
(c osx ) 12 +1
=
1 +1
cos x d (cos x) =
(cosx ) 52 +1
+
5 +1
3
2
= (c osx ) 2
3
2
0
7
2
+ (cosx ) 2
7
3
7
3
7
2
2 2 8
2
= cos (cos (0 )) 2 + c os (c os (0 )) 2 = = .
3
2
2
7
3 7 21
2o
mtodo :
sen 2 x = 1 c os 2 x = 1 t 2 ,
senx dx = d (c os x) .
18
Matemtica 1
x s up =
t s up = c os = 0
2
Portanto
3
2
2
sen x cos x dx = sen x cos x sen x dx = 1 cos x cos x (d (cos x)) =
5
0
1
1
1
= 1 t 2 t d t = 1 t 2 t d t = t 2 t 2 d t =
1
0
0
1 +1
5 +1
1 1
1 5
t2
2
t
= t 2 d t t 2 d t =
1 +1
5 + 1
0
0
2
0 2
1
1
3
7
2
2
= t 2 t 2
3
7
0
=
0
2 2 8
= .
3 7 21
Exerccio 33.
(x
2 x) l n x dx .
U = l n x dU = (l n x ) dx = dx ,
x
dV = ( x 3 2 x) dx V = ( x 3 2 x) dx V =
x4
x2 .
4
Portanto
2
2
x4
x4
2
2 1
1 ( x 2 x) l n x dx = 4 x l n x 1 4 x x dx =
1
2
2
24
2 x3
14
x3
2
2
= 2 l n 2 1 l n 1 x dx = x dx =
4
1
4
1 4
2
x4
x2
2 4 14 2 2 12
x3
15 3 9
= dx + x dx = + = + = + =
.
4
2
16 2 16
16 1 2 1
16 16 2
1
1
2
19
Matemtica 1
4 2 x 2+ x
Exerccio 34.
2 + x + 4 2 x ( x + 2) 2
dx .
(
0
2x
.
2+ x
2 x
1
4 2x 2+ x
2+ x
dx =
dx = ()
2 + x + 4 2 x ( x + 2) 2
2x
0
2
1 + 4
( x + 2)
2
x
+
Fazemos a substituio
2x
= t2.
2+ x
Ento
2x
= t2
2+ x
x=
2 x = t 2 (2 + x) 2 x = 2 t 2 + t 2 x 2 2 t 2 = x (t 2 + 1)
2 2 t 2 4 2 2 t 2 4 (2 + 2 t 2 )
4
(2 + 2 t 2 )
4
=
=
=
= 2
2.
2
2
2
2
2
t +1
t +1
t +1
t +1
t +1
t +1
Portanto
8t
4
4
dx = d 2
2 = d 2
= 2
t +1
t + 1
t +1
dt .
xi nf = 0 t i nf =
20
= 1,
2+0
x s up = 2 t s up =
22
= 0.
2+2
Na continuao temos:
8t
2
2
1
(1 + 4 t ) 2 4 2 + 2 t + 1
t +1
() =
4 t 1
0 (4 t 1) 8t
dt =
dt =
1 16 (1 + 4 t )
(4 t 1) 8t
1 4t2 t
dt =
dt =
16 (1 + 4 t )
2 0 4t +1
1
0
20
Matemtica 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
= t dt + dt +
dt = t dt + dt +
d (4t + 1) =
2 0
4 0
4 0 4t +1
2 0
4 0
16 0 4 t + 1
1
1
1 t2
1
1
= + t + l n 4 t + 1
2 2 0 4 0 16
=
0
1 12 0 2
=
2 2 2
1
1
1 1 ln5 ln5
+ (1 0) + l n 4 1 + 1 l n 4 0 + 1 = + +
=
.
16
4 4 16
16
4
Exerccio 35.
A = ( x, y ) R 2 : y 2 x 2 y x .
A regio limitada pelo grfico da parbola y = 2 x 2 orientada em baixo e
pela recta y = x . O esboo da regio apresentado na figura 1.
Os limites de variao (integrao) da varivel x o segmento que a
projeco da regio sobre o eixo O x . Portanto para determinar os limites de integrao
determinamos as abcissas dos pontos de interseco da parbola y = 2 x 2 com a recta
y = x:
y = x y = 2 x2
x=
x = 2 x2
x2 + x 2 = 0
1 9 1 3
=
x = 2 x = 1 .
2
2
21
Matemtica 1
(2 x
1
SA =
x dx = 2 dx x dx x dx = (2 x)
2
1 (2)
= (2 1 2 (2))
3
3
3
Exerccio 36.
1
(2)
2
2
2
x3
3
x2
2
=
2
9 3 9
= 6 + = .
3 2 2
A = ( x, y ) R 2 : y 2 2 x + 4 y x 2 .
A regio limitada pelo grfico da parbola y 2 = 2 x + 4 orientada no sentido
positivo do eixo O x e pela recta y = x 2 . O esboo da regio apresentado na
figura 2.
Porque
y 2 = 2x + 4
x=
1 2
y 2 conclumos que o vrtice B da parbola tem as
2
e a parbola intersecta o eixo O y nos pontos C = ( 0 , 2 ) e
coordenadas ( 2 , 0 )
D = ( 0 , 2 ).
Determinamos as coordenadas dos pontos de interseco da parbola
2
y = 2 x + 4 com a recta y = x 2 :
y 2 = 2 x + 4 y = x 2 ( x 2) 2 = 2 x + 4 x 2 4 x + 4 = 2 x + 4
22
Matemtica 1
x 2 6x = 0 x = 0 x = 6 .
Calculemos a rea da regio.
1o
mtodo
(
0
S ( BCD ) =
))
2 x + 4 2 x + 4 dx = 2 2 x + 4 dx =
2
1
0
(2 x + 4) 2 +1
= ( 2 x + 4) 2 d ( 2 x + 4) =
1
2
+ 1
2 x + 4 d ( 2 x + 4) =
0
3
= (2 x + 4) 2
3
2
2
16
= 42 = 4 4 = .
3
3
3
S ( CDE ) =
2 x + 4 ( x 2) dx =
2 x + 4 x + 2 dx = 2 x + 4 dx x dx + 2 dx =
0
6
6
+1
2
x2
1
1 (2 x + 4)
6
= (2 x + 4) d (2 x + 4) x dx + 2 dx =
+ 2 ( x ) 0 =
2 0
2 1
2 0
0
0
+ 1
2
0
6
1
2
3
3
3
62 02
x2
1
1
6
= (2 x + 4) 2 + 2 ( x ) 0 = (2 6 + 4) 2 (2 0 + 4) 2 + 2 (6 0) =
3
3
2
0 2 0
2
1
56
38
(64 8) 18 + 12 =
6 =
.
3
3
3
Portanto
16 38 54
S A = S ( BCD ) + S (CDE ) =
+
=
= 18 .
3
3
3
=
2o
mtodo
Matemtica 1
1
1
1
S A = y + 2 y 2 + 2 dy = 4 + y y 2 dy = (4 + y ) d (4 + y ) y 2 dy =
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
(4 + y) 2
=
2
1 y3
2 3
Exerccio 37.
82 2 2
=
2
2
1 4 3 (2) 3
= 30 12 = 18 .
3
2 3
A = ( x, y ) R 2 : x 2 + ( y 1) 2 1 x 2 + ( y 2) 2 4 y x 2 .
x 2 + ( y 1) 2 = 1 , dentro da
semicircunferncia y = 2 + 4 x 2 .
Determinamos os pontos de interseco da parbola com as circunferncias:
y = x2
y = x2
y = x2
y = x2
2
2
2
2
x + ( y 1) = 1
y + y 2y +1 = 1
y y=0
y = 0 y = 1
y = x2
y =0
y = x2
y =1
24
Matemtica 1
2
2
2
2
x + ( y 2) = 4
y + y 4y + 4 = 4
y 3y = 0
y = 0 y = 3
y = x2
y =0
y = x2
y=3
( x, y ) = (0, 0) ( x, y ) = ( 3 , 3) ( x, y ) = ( 3 , 3) .
com a circunferncia
x + ( y 2) = 4 .
Portanto a projeco da parte direita da regio sobre o eixo O x o segmento
2
S = 2 + 4 x 2 1 1 x 2 dx +
0
(2 +
4 x 2 x 2 dx =
= 1 + 4 x 1 x dx +
2
(2 +
4 x 2 x 2 dx =
= d x + 4 x dx 1 x dx + 2 d x +
2
= d x+
0
= ( x) 0 +
4 x dx x 2 dx =
1
4 x dx 1 x dx + 2 ( x) 1
2
x3
3
4 x 2 dx 1 x 2 dx + 2 3 2 3 +
2
= 3 +
3
4 x 2 dx 1 x 2 dx + 2 d x x 2 dx =
= 1+
4 x dx
=
1
1
=
3
2
1 x dx = 3 + 2
3
2
x
1 dx 1 x 2 dx = ()
2
0
25
Matemtica 1
x
1 = 1 sen 2 t = cos 2 t = cos t
2
Determinamos os limites de integrao para a varivel t :
d x = 2 c os t d t e
xi nf
= arcsen (0) = 0 ,
xi nf = 0 t i nf = arcsen
2
3
x s up
= arcsen
x s up = 3 t s up = arcsen
2 = 3.
2
1 x 2 = 1 sen 2 u = cos 2 u = c os u
Na continuao temos:
2
2
2
() = 3 + 2 2 cos t dt cos 2 u du =
3
0
0
1
+
c
os
(
2
)
1
cos (2 )
Como cos 2 =
= +
temos:
2
2
2
= 3
2
2
1 c os(2 u )
+ 2 (1 + c os(2t ) ) dt +
du =
3
2
2
0
0
3
3
3
2
1 2
1 2
= 3 + 2 d t + cos(2t ) d (2 t ) du c os(2 u ) d (2 u ) =
3
2 0
4 0
0
0
2
= 3 + 2 t
3
= 3
3
0
+ sen (2t )
1
u
2
2
0
sen (2 u )
4
1
2
2
1
+ 2 0 + sen
sen (0) 0 (sen ( ) sen (0) ) =
3
3
3
4
2 2
26
Matemtica 1
= 3
3 9 3 4 5
+ 2 +
=
+
.
3
3
2
4
6
12
Portanto
9 3 4 5 9 3 4 5
=
.
S A = 2 S = 2
+
+
6
12
3
6
Exerccio 38.
x 2 2, 2 6 .
b
Temos: a = 2 2 , b = 2 6 , f ( x) =
1
.
x
Portanto
x2 +1
x2 +1
1
1 + dx =
dx =
dx = ()
x
x2
x
2 2
2 2
2
2 6
l=
2 2
2 6
2 6
x2 +1 = t x2 +1 = t 2
t
t 2 1 dt =
dt .
2
t 1
Fazemos
dx=
x2 = t 2 1
x = t 2 1 .
xi nf = 2 2 t i nf =
(x )
x s up = 2 6 t s up =
(x )
i nf
s up
+1 =
(2 2 )
+1 =
(2 6 )
+1 = 9 = 3,
+ 1 = 25 = 5 .
Na continuao temos:
5
() =
3
t
t 2 1
5 2
5
t 2 1
t2
t 1+1
1
2
dt =
dt
=
dt
=
+ 2
2
2
t 1
t 1
3 t 1
3
3 t 1
5
t
t 2 1
5
dt =
5
1
1
= 1 + 2
dt =
dt = dt + 2
t 1
3
3
3 t 1
Representamos a fraco racional como soma de fraces elementares:
27
Matemtica 1
A
=
,
A + B = 0
A
B
1
2
=
+
1 = ( A + B) t + ( A B)
1
t 2 1 t 1 t +1
A B =1
B = .
2
Ento:
1
1
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
= dt + 2 2 dt = dt +
dt
dt =
t 1 t 1
2 3 t 1
2 3 t +1
3
3
3
1
1
= t + l n (t 1) l n (t + 1) =
3 2
3 2
3
= (5 3) +
= 2+
1
1
l n (5 1) l n (3 1) l n (5 + 1) l n (3 + 1) =
2
2
1
1
1
2
16
l n (4) l n (2) l n (6)+ l n (4) = 2 + l n (16) l n (12) = 2 + l n = 2 + l n
.
2
2
2
3
12
Exerccio 39.
com x 0 , .
6
b
Temos: a = 0 , b =
sen x
, f ( x) = l n (cos x) =
.
6
c os x
Portanto
l=
6
sen x
sen x
cos x + sen x
1
dx = 1 +
1 +
dx
=
dx
=
dx = ()
2
c
os
x
c
os
x
c
os
x
cos x
0
0
0
6
x
Fazemos tg = t
2
x = 2 arctg (t ) dx =
1 t2
2
.
c
os
x
=
.
d
t
1+ t2
1+ t2
28
Matemtica 1
xi nf
= tg (0) = 0 ,
xi nf = t i nf = tg
2
x s up
= tg .
x s up =
t s up = tg
6
12
2
Na continuao temos:
tg
12
tg
12
1
2
2
dt =
dt =
2
2
2
1
t
1
+
t
1
t
0
0
1+ t2
Representamos a fraco racional como soma de fraces elementares:
A = 1,
A B = 0
2
A
B
=
+
2 = ( A B) t + ( A + B )
2
1 t 1+ t
1 t
B = 1.
A + B = 2
() =
Ento:
tg
12
1
1
+
dt =
1 t 1+ t
tg
12
1
d (1 t ) +
1 t
tg
12
tg
12
1
dt +
1 t
tg
12
1
dt =
1+ t
1
d (1 + )t = l n 1 t
1+ t
= l n 1 tg l n 1 0
12
tg
12
+ l n 1 + tg l n 1 + 0
12
+ l n 1 + t
tg
12
1 + tg
cos + sen
12 = l n
12
12 =
= l n 1 + tg l n 1 tg = l n
12
12
1 tg
c os sen
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
= ln
=
2
cos 12 sen 12
c os 2 sen 2
cos
12
12
6
= ln 3 .
= ln
= ln
= ln
2
2
c os 2 c os sen + sen
1 sen
1
2
12
12
12
12
6
29
Matemtica 1
1
3 3
4
3
Temos: a = 0 , b = , f ( x) = x = x 2 = x 2 .
3
2
Portanto
4
3
l=
0
3
3 12
9
4 3 9 2 9
1 + x dx = 1 + x dx = 1 + x d 1 + x =
4
9 0 4
4
0
2
9
1 + x
4 4
=
1
9
+1
1
+1
2
4
3
4 2 9
= 1 + x
9 3 4
3
2
4
3
3
3
8 9 4 2 9 2 56
=
1 + 1 + 0 =
.
27 4 3
4 27
Exerccio 41.
1
Temos: a = 0 , b = ,
2
x
1
2
2
f ( x) = 1 x + arcsen x = 1 x
+ arcsen x =
+
=
2
1 x
1 x2
x
1
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
=
+
=
=
=
=
=
.
2
2
2
1+ x
(1 x) (1 + x)
1 x 1+ x
1+ x
1 x
1 x
1 x
Portanto
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 x
1 x
1+ x +1 x
2
dx = 1 +
l = 1 +
dx =
dx =
dx =
1+ x
1+ x
1+ x
0
0
0
0
1+ x
1
2
= 2
0
1
1+ x
1
2
dx = 2 (1 + x)
0
1
2
(1 + x) 2
d (1 + x) = 2
1
1
2
3
= 2 2
1 = 2( 3 2 ) .
2
0
30