Bn bit chng trnh Freshman c?

I. Freshman l g?
Freshman l 1 hc vin trc thuc Fh Aachen . H s bo lnh cho nhng bn hc sinh tt nghip
THPT nhng khng t iu kin ca DAAD nh tng im H di 15, c mn di 4 sang c
du hc theo ting Anh hoc ting c. Sau nm kollegt cc bn c quyn np n xin vo tt c cc
trng i hc trong bang NRW. ( Cng c Aufnahme l nhng trng cc bang khc nhng iu ny
khng chc chn )
II. Cn chun b nhng g theo hc chng trnh Freshman?
Ci u tin l ngoi ng. Bn phi t trnh ngoi ng c th thi qua k thi tuyn ca
Freshman ti Vietnam vo thng 5 v thng 6 hng nm. Bn s phi thi 2 mn ngoi ng v ton ( ko
s dng my tnh cm tay). V ngoi ng, nu bn c chng ch c cng nhn nh IELF 6.0 ca
ting Anh hoc ZD ca ting c, bn s khng phi tham gia k thi ngoi ng. Cn v ton th l
nhng kin thc rt rt c bn. tham gia trng chnh ny, bn c th lin h trc tip
qua internet hoc tham gia kha du hc ca cc trung tm du hc. Khi vt qua k thi, bn s nhn
c Zulassung v sau lm visum ti SQ nh bnh thng. Bn cnh bn phi chun b 1 khon
tin ph l 16000. Khon tin ny bao gm gn nh tt c tr tin v my bay, tin n ung v t
cc nh ca bn c ( Khng tnh nhu cu Privat ). Tt nhin mnh khng th rt c ng no t khon
ny.
III. Cuc sng
Khi cc bn bc chn ln nc c, Freshman s lo tt c cho cc bn: n a, nh ca, gia hn
visum, bo him, v tu xe, Anmeldung
V ni , cc bn s c sp xp ti cc campus ca Frehman l Linnich hoc Geilenkirchen ( mi y
hnh nh c thm 1 campus mi l Bergbau ngay gn Kleve ). Nhng ch ny hon ton l Dorf nn
nhng bn a cuc sng mu m, si ng chc chn s thy ngn . Nh ca th c 2 dng, nh dng
wohnung 2 n 3 phng v dng studienwerk. Nhng c 1 nhc im l cc bt buc s phi chung
2 ngi 1 phng vi ging,t, bn hc ring bit. iu ny s gy t nhiu tr ngi trong cuc sng
cng nh cng vic hc hnh i vi cc bn. iu kin sng: internet, l si, bp Khu trung tm,
bn tu v siu th nh Kaufland, netto, Rewe cch ni khng xa lm nu i b. Tt nhin l c bus
nhng thi gian khng c linh hot cho lm. Ni hc nm gn nh cng khun vin ni nn ch 3
l c th i b c n lp. c ci thi tit y rt tuyt v xung quanh ton cnh ng v sn
Golf nn kh l trong lnh.
IV. Chng trnh hc tp
Chng trnh hc tp cng ging nh nhng studenkollegt khc trn nc c.
K thut, bn s phi hc mn Ton, L, Ha, Ting Anh, Ting c. V cc mn ton, l, ha hon ton
ging kin thc ca cp 3. C mt s ch v cch gio dc khc nn 1 s bn s khng quen. V d: C
dng kin thc VN ch c lm quen, khng i su nhng y th ngc li. V cc mn ngoi ng,
vi k thut h ch yu cu ch yu l ting c. Ting Anh hc 1 trnh rt s ng, khng yu cu
cao v khng cn phi thi tt nghip ( FSP).
Kinh t, cc bn s phi hc ting Anh, ting c, Tan , Kinh t. Chc chn nhng kin thc v kinh t
i cc bn nu cha tng qua i hc VN s mi toanh. V bn phi hc bng ngoi ng nn s l
kh khn bc u. Ngoi ra, kinh t h yu cu cao v c ting Anh v ting c nn khng ging

nh k thut. Bn gn nh phi hc song song 2 th ting. Theo kinh nghim ca mnh th ti

Freshman, ln lp hc ch chim 30 n 40% cn li l do cch cc bn nhn thc v t hc c nhng
g v nh th no. Tt nht cc bn nn tranh th thi gian VN hc thm ngoi ng h tr khi
sang y, nu khng mun s phi ng tin thi li hoc tham gia cc k thi mt ph bn ngoi nh
DSH hay IELTS ( Bng Privat ch c chp nhn khi thi ti Spraachen Akademi ).
Theo lut ca c, mi du hc sinh c thi k thi tt nghip d b i hc (FSP) 2 ln. y cng vy.
Thng thng s c 1 k thi chnh thc vo thng 6. Trong trng hp bn vt qua k thi ny th s tip
tc cng vic l np n xin vo cc trng i hc. Trng hp cn li, nhng mn bn s c bo
lu kt qu, cn nhng mn cha vt qua cc bn s c thi li duy nht 1 ln vo thng 11 cng nm
hoc thng 6 nm sau. Bn cnh bn c th t hc t n trong thi gian ch thi li hoc n trng
hc li vi iu kin phi t lo ch n v phi ng 1 khon ph ln thm na. Nu mnh khng nhm
th hin ti l 2500/1 mn.
Ngoi ra Freshman m bo cho cc bn 1 ch hc sau khi vt qua k thi FeP bi cc trng Partner
nh FH Aachen, Uni Duisburg Essen, Bielefeld, HS Sdwestfalen, Tc l cc bn khng cn lo lm
trong trng hp cc trng bn np n khng cp Zu cho cc bn i hc.
Trn y l mnh vit nhng g theo hiu bit c nhn khi tham gia chng trnh ny. Mnh xin nhn xt
1 cch tng qut v Freshman. Thc ra khi cc bn c s nhn thy chng trnh ny u im th t
nhng nhc im th nhiu, ch yu l chi ph qu ln. Ai trong s bn mnh cng u nhn thy iu
ny nhng cng phi cng lng ln c chng. C mt vi kin ca cc bn kha ny v kha trc
cho rng chng trnh hc ca Freshman kh hn nhng Kollegt khc. Ci ny mnh khng dm nhn
xt v cng chng c tham gia lp hc ca cc Kollegt no nhng khi so snh vi chng trnh hc
ca 1 2 a bn cc TP khc th cng c nhng ci kh hn. C 1 vi bn ca cc trng Kollegt khc
c ni nhng iu khng hay v hc sinh ca Freshman nhng hon ton l trn ci nhn 1 chiu
nn mnh khng mun cp ti y. Ni chung li thc ra khi cc bn xc nh i du hc cc bn
cng phi xc nh trc mnh s lm g v c g khi sang y ri, cha k c c bn sn mu
thm k him. Nhng chc chn 1 iu l bc chn sang nc c l m ra 1 c hi rt ln vi cc
bn.
Cc bn ch : Vic bn c c Visa i c du hc ph thuc hon ton vo h s ca bn. Khng 1
ai, t chc no c th bo m cho bn vic c Visa hay khng. Chnh v vy h s ca bn ok th bn
hon ton c th t lm h s 1 cch nhanh chng v d dng, k c i ngnh hc khc so vi ngnh
Vit Nam. Vic 1 s t chc v c nhn ni rng c mi quan h c th gip cc bn th l h ang
la di bn. Bi vic cp th mi hc ( Zulassung) v Th thc du hc ( Visa) l 2 th m khng c
chuyn gian ln hay mi quan h no c th tc ng c. K c i S qun hay lnh s qun cng
khng tc ng c, v h ch lm cng tc nhn v chuyn h s ca bn, cn quyt nh th thc
cho bn l s ngoi kiu thnh ph m cc bn s n hc.
u tin l bn phi xem mnh c tiu chun i du hc c 1 cch bnh thng hay khng .
Nhng bn c php p dng quy trnh ny gm:
1. Nhng bn i hc chnh quy vi tng im trn 15, khng c mn no di 4 ( 14,75 hoc 3,75
cng khng c) ;
2. Nhng bn tt nghip cao ng ( khng phi l cao ng ngh nh);
3. Nhng bn tt nghip i hc ( Lc ny im thi u vo i hc s khng cn ngha na, tc l k
c trc kia bn thi i hc di 15 hay c 1 mn di 4 th vn c i du hc c bnh thng).
Lu l trng H ca cc bn phi c trong danh sch ny nh
Nu khng thuc din trn th cc bn c 4 cch khc tip tc gic m du hc c l:
1. Nu ang hc i hc ( m im u vo di 15 hoc 1 mn dc 4) th c hc cho xong i hc i,
ri hay sang. Lc ny bn thch hc Master th hc, thch hc li i hc cng c. M bn li c rt
nhiu thi gian hc ting v chun b cho chuyn du hc ca mnh;
2. Thi li i hc
3. Tham gia cc chng trnh lin kt o to gia trng i hc trong nc v cc trng i hc
c.
Ly v d nh Chng trnh ca trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni v Uni Hannover. BQT ang t hng

thnh vin vit bi v chng trnh ny. Khi no c s cp nht ngay. Tm thi bn c th dng google
tm hiu v n nu bn quan tm.
4. Cc bn c th tham gia chng trnh Feshmann ca trung tm u c ( gi 17.000 khng gm chi
ph sinh hot bn c) hoc trung tm FUU Sachsen ( gi 14.000 khng gm chi ph sinh hot bn
c) - Ad khng khuyn khch mi ngi chn con ng ny. V tham gia n cc bn vn phi hc
ting c vt v, phi thi u vo ngay ti Vit Nam. Nh th th rng bn c gng thi li i hc cn
tt hn. Bn ng ni vi ti rng bn khng ch c hoc khng th thi li i hc c nh. V nu
bn ham i sm th sang bn c bn vn phi hon thnh kha hc ca n, c rt rt nhiu bn
tng sang c c l ok, nhng m sau 2 nm khng hc ni ci SK ca Feshmann nn phi v Vit
nam. Cn nu bn bo bn ko thi c i hc, th xin li bn, ng c i du hc na cho ph tin v
thi gian. n vic thi i hc VN cng khng ni th i du hc c lm sao c. V mc tiu ca
bn l ly c bng i hc c ch ko phi l c c Visa sang c !.
Du hc c theo chng trnh Freshman
Nu bn iu kin i du hc c 1 cch thng thng th iu cn thit l i hc ting c, ngay c
khi bn mun hc bng ting Anh c, v ting c ca bn s gip bn d dng hi nhp hn
c.
* Cc bn nn sang c cng sm cng tt bi cc l do sau:
- V quy nh v du hc c thay i lin tc, m cng ngy cng kh hn, khng bit ri mai sau s
cn thm bao nhiu quy inh v th tc na.
- Sang c sm th cng c hc ting c nhiu, nhiu khi hc VN, ting c mnh b sai m
khng bit, c bit l kh nng ni, pht m. Nu hc lu VN n s quen vi ci sai , sang c
sa li hi kh.
- Thc ra chi ph n hc c gi cng khng t so vi trc kia u. T 10 nm trc cho n gi
chi ph vn c khong trn di 500 1 thng. Nhng 10 nm trc VN ( v d H Ni ) ch khong
1 triu 1 thng, nhng m hin nay phi 3,4 triu mi sng. Hn na tin hc ph ting c H
Ni hin nay cng cao hn trc rt nhiu. Chnh v vy bn nn sang c cng sm cng tt.
Th t chun b Du hc c v c bn nh sau:
1. Np cc H s cn thit cho Phng APS SQ c
* Cc bn ch khi i dch thut chun b h s th cc bn nn lm t 10 n 20 b h s. Nht l
nhng bn sang hc d b i hc hoc phi hc ting c. V sau khi hc xong d b hoc ting c
chng ta li phi gi h s xin nhp hc 1 ln na. Thm tr l khi vo i hc, mun hc ngnh
khc, chuyn trng chng ta li cn thm h s.
Mun bit APS l g th c y:
Hng dn chung ca B phn kim tra hc vn (APS) ti H Ni
a, Vi ngi cha tt nghip i hc, mi i hc, tt nghip cao ng th vo y c:
APS cho ngi cha tt nghip i hc, hoc tt nghip cao ng
Cc bn mi i hc ch l khi cc bn i hc th phi nhp hc v i hc bnh thng, th khi
cc bn mi c cng nhn l sinh vin a hc. Sau khi nhp hc 1,2 tun nu cc bn mun c
th lm n xin bo lu tp trung hc ting c v lm h s du hc c.
* Vi nhng bn sp tt nghip i hc: Cc bn c th lin h vi phng APS hi xem liu c th
tham gia phng vn nh ngi tt nghip khng, v phi lm th tc nh th no. Trc y th
c rt nhiu bn lm theo cch ny, v sau khi tt nghip i hc vi thng l h c visum sang
c. iu s tit kim rt nhiu thi gian cho cc bn.
2. Phng vn APS
Thay i hnh thc kim tra APS
c th ch ng hn cho cng vic chun b Du hc c, cc Sinh vin CHA TT NGHIP I
HC thay v tham gia phng vn APS, s c lm bi Kim tra TestAS. u im ca thay i ny l:

TestAS c t chc 3 ln trong mt nm.

TestAS c th tham gia thi bt k lc no khi c t chc.
TestAS khng c kt qu u/rt, thay vo l kt qu phn trm (%) so vi cc Th sinh cng
k.

Thm tra H s APS c th np bt k lc no, khng cn thi hn v SQ c s cp Chng

nhn APS.
i vi Sinh vin TT NGHIP I HC v mun hc li i hc hay Cao hc ti c vn gi
quy trnh nh trc vi cc hn np H s APS ln lt l cui thng 02 hoc cui thng 08 hng
nm phng vn APS ln lt l thng 05 hoc thng 11 hng nm v SQ c s cp Chng ch
APS.
3. Nhn giy Chng nhn APS
Sau khi np h s ( vi nhng ngi khng phng vn) hoc sau khi phng vn APS khong trn di
10 ngy l bn c th nhn c kt qu APS.
4. ng k TestAS, Thi TestAS v nhn Kt qu TestAS
(Cho nhng ngi cha tt nghip i hc hoc tt nghip cao ng)
th tc thm tra APS v cc giy t lin chc bn tm hiu ri, mnh xin c gii p thc mc
ca bn mnh cng mi y np v cng c nhn ri
1. Hin ti i vi trng hp cha tt nghip h th bn cn phi thi Test As thm tra APS, bn n
i s qun np h s cho ng bo v l c ri i v lun khng cn phi long nhong phng vn
thm g na
2. Kt qu APS th thng sau tm mt tun (c th nhanh hn hoc chm hn) l bn s c gi v
tn nh. V trc y c ghi l bn s c loi aps nh th no(gii, kh...) nhng by gi ch l ci
giy chng nhn l bn qua thm tra APS, cho nn bn khng cn lo lng nu nh Test As ca bn
khng c cao. Bn s c pht 10 t giy chng nhn dng dn ht li np tin xin thm lc no
cng c.
3. Trng hp h s khng p ng th chc cho c th l do bn np thiu ci g cn nu np y
v lm theo hng dn th khng th xy ra g c, C th bn s thy st rut khi sau mt thi
gian di khng c nhn kt qu nhng sm hay mun cng s c nhn thi bn . Cn nu thc
s xy ra vic h s ca bn khng p ng th c th np li bt c lc no cng c.
4. Nu mun thuyt phc th c ci bng ting v test as cao . nhng nh mnh ni kt qu test
as khng nh hng g, c l ci chng ch ting cng th, nhng cng cao nhn cng sng
P/s: bn nn np h s aps cng sm cng tt v nu nh bn mi thi h xong th ci im h ch c
gi tr trong mt nm, nu qu mt nm th hoc l bn np bng im h hoc l bn thi li
Read more: http://dhd.vn//threads/hoi-ve-aps-cho-nguoi-moi-thi-dh.2989/#ixzz2bpUHfg2G
Ti liu chun b cho TestAS c th download ti y: Ti liu n TestAS

Hc sinh Tt nghip PTTH, thi vo mt Kha hc i hc Chnh quy ti mt Trng i

hc Vit Nam,

Sinh vin ang hc v cha Tt nghip mt Kha i hc Chnh quy ti mt Trng i hc

Vit Nam,

Sinh vin Tt nghip h Cao ng,

Sinh vin Tt nghip h Cao ng v c chuyn tip vo h i hc ti mt Trng i hc

Vit Nam
s c lm bi kim tra TestAS thay th cho Phng vn APS nhn giy Chng nhn APS.
Sinh vin Tt nghip i hc ti Vit Nam v mun hc li i hc ti c hay hc tip Cao
hc ti c
s tip tc c tham gia phng vn APS nh trc (thng 5 v thng 11 hng nm) nhn Chng
ch APS.

Thay i trn c p dng t thng 08 nm 2012.

* Lu :
1.TestAS l bt buc xin Visum nhng cha bt buc c xin Zulassung ( giy nhp hc).
2. Kt qu TestAS khng nh hng n vic xin Visum v Zulassung.
Tuy nhin cng cao cng tt, ng thi 1 s trng s cng im nu kt qu TestAS ca bn cao. Thi
TestAS VN 1 ln l c ri, nu mun thi li ln na th hy sang c thi, khi m ting c tt ln
thm.

Thng tin v TestAS

TestAS l mt bi kim tra nh gi kh nng hc i hc ca Sinh vin nc ngoi ti c. Qua kt
qu ca TestAS, Sinh vin nc ngoi c th nh gi v tr ca mnh so vi cc Sinh vin (nc ngoi)
khc. Cc Trng i hc c c th s dng kt qu ca TestAS u tin xt tuyn. Hin thi nhng
Trng i hc sau y xt thm kt qu TestAS: Universitt Bremen, Universitt Freiburg, Universitt
Hamburg, Universitt zu Kln, Universitt Leipzig, Universitt Mainz, Universitt Potsdam, Universitt
Regensburg v.v...
TestAS bao gm cc phn kim tra no?
TestAS c lm bng ting c hoc ting Anh (nn c trnh B1 lm c tt) v mi
k thi bao gm cc phn nh sau:
Phn kim tra kh nng ngoi ng (Sprach-Screening, Language Screening), online trn my
tnh, khong 30 pht

Phn chnh (Kerntest, Core Test), kim tra vit bnh thng, 110 pht

Phn chuyn ngnh, cng kim tra vit bnh thng, t 145 150 pht v c chia ra:

Nhn vn hc, Vn ha hc v Khoa hc X hi

Khoa hc K thut

Ton, Tin v Khoa hc T nhin

Kinh t hc
TestAS c t chc thi ti u?

Vit Nam c 2 ni c y quyn t chc thi TestAS:

Phng ting c (P. 203 + 204)
Trung tm Vit-c
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
T: 04 3868 2179 -302, -310, v

Trung tm Thng tin v T vn DAAD Tp. H Ch Minh

18 ng s 1, C x Thnh, P. 4, Qun 3,
Tp. H Ch Minh
T: 08 3832 9099
TestAS c t chc lc no?
Lch ng k v ngy thi cho nm 2014 nh sau:

20.11.13 20.01.14 cho

01.02.14 17.03.14 cho

01.07.14 08.09.14 cho

TestAS c gii hn tui tham

k thi ngy
k thi ngy
k thi ngy
gia khng

26.02.2014
26.04.2014
26.10.2014
TestAS khng gii hn tui tham gia.

TestAS cho php lm li bao nhiu ln? TestAS khng gii hn s ln tham gia.
TestAS luyn nh th no?
V TestAS khng kim tra kin thc m ch kim tra kh nng t duy v logic, nn khng th luyn
TestAS, tuy nhin c cc bi thi mu tham kho:


www.testas.de/de/modellaufgaben.htm (ting c)

www.testas.de/en/modellaufgaben_en.htm (ting Anh)

TestAS ng k ti u?
TestAS c th ng k trong khong thi gian ng k ti Phng ting c, Trung tm Vit-c, H Ni
v ti TT Thng tin v T vn DAAD Tp. HCM hoc online ti www.TestAS.de sau khi nhn c TAN ti
ni t chc thi.
Cho im thi ti H Ni c th ng k hon ton online theo a ch sau: www.vdz.edu.vn -> "Phng
ting c" -> "ng k thng tin thi TestAS 015"
Cc phn TestAS phi ng k:
Qua vic chn ngn ng thi (c hay Anh), phn Language Screening c ng k
Core Test l phn bt buc vi mi th sinh
Phn chuyn ngnh, ty thuc vo ngnh hc i hc sau ny:
Nhn vn hc, Vn ha hc v Khoa hc X hi
Khoa hc K thut
Ton, Tin v Khoa hc T nhin
Kinh t hc

Nu ng k thi APS th PHI chn mt phn chuyn ngnh, ch c th ng k mt chuyn ngnh

cho mt ln thi.
TestAS ly l ph thi bao nhiu?
Hin thi TestAS cha thu ph tham gia nhng c kh nng trong tng lai gn TestAS ti Vit Nam s
thu ph tng t nh ti Trung Quc (100 EUR).
Sau bao lu c kt qu thi TestAS v kt qu ny c gi tr trong bao lu?
Sau k thi khong 4 tun kt qu s c thng bo qua ti khon online ca Th sinh ti TestAS v kt
qu ca cc k thi c gi tr khng thi hn.
Kt qu ca TestAS c hiu nh th no?
V TestAS l mt bi kim tra nh gi kh nng hc i hc ca Sinh vin, nn TestAS khng c
u/rt. Nhng cc Trng i hc c c th s dng kt qu ca TestAS xt tuyn. Nu khng hi
lng vi kt qu ca k thi ny th c th tham gia mt k thi khc.
C th:

Hi:

Prozentrang (Percentile Rank): v d 60: c 60 % ngi tham d cng k t c kt qu bng

hay thp hn, ng ngha vi 40 % ngi tham d cng k t c kt qu cao hn.
Standardwert (Standard Score): l im s c th dng so snh vi cc k thi khc v c
tnh t im trung bnh tng th t c trong k thi ny v thang im bt u t 70 n 130:
100 l im trung bnh v khong t 90 - 110 c xem l "trung bnh" (tng t "trn trung
bnh" v "di trung bnh").
Sprach-Screening (Language Screening): kh nng ngn ng t c theo thang im Chu
u (GER) t A2 n B2.

Em ang hc lp 11, ting Anh em kh v em sau ny mun Du hc sang c v hc bng ting c.

Em by gi c nn tham gia TestAS cha v em c tham gia bao nhiu ln nu kt qu ln u cha
c nh ?
Tr li:

Nu em cm thy t tin vi kh nng ting Anh ca mnh (trnh B1 hay cao hn)
V TestAS c th c lm c lp vi qu trnh thm tra ti liu APS
V TestAS khng hn ch tui
V TestAS khng hn ch s ln tham gia
V kt qu TestAS khng ph thuc vo ngn ng thi
V TestAS cn min ph

Nn nu em c iu kin th em c th tham gia TestAS ngay t by gi.

I. Cch ng k TestAS:
Votrang web caTestAS: testas.de v thc hin theo trnh t:
Click vo Anmeldung: s c cc phn sau:
1. Testzentrum/ Testcenter:
Chn thng tin v ni t chc thi (Land/ country, Stadt/ city, Testzentrum/test center)
Click: Continue/Weiter
Download file PDF v in ra mang n ni t chc thi (testzentrum) nhn s TAN
Sau khi c s TAN, click Continue/Weiter
2. Testmodul und Testsprache/ Module und Language:
Chn:
- Thng tin v nhm ngnh thi
Chn mt trong 4 nhm ngnh tng ng vi ngnh nh theo hc:
+Khoa hc x hi nhn vn
- Ngn ng thi: Ting c hoc tingAnh
- Xc nhn bn tham d vo k thi nh Testdaf, OnDaf no cha ?
Click: Continue/Weiter
3. Kontaktdaten/ contact data
TH1: c ti khon d thi:
Click: Ich bin bereitsregistriert und habe den Benutzname und Passwort/ I am a registered user
Sau ng nhp ti khon v log in bnh thng.
Benutzername/Username v Passwort/ password: Chn xc nhn tn v password
TH2: Cha tng thi v c ti khon thi:
n: Ich bin neuer Teilnehmer/ I am a new candidate

Continue/Weiter
4. Anmeldedaten/ Register data: in thng tin c nhn
- Du * l phn bt buc v v th phi in tht chnh xc
- Tt c cc thng tin u vit ting vit khng du.
H v tn/Nam (ting vit khng du)
Familienname H
Mittelname tn m
Vorname tn
Gii tnh/ Geschlecht/Gender male/ mnnlich or female/ weiblich
Ngy sinh/ Geburtsdatum/Birthday 01.01.2012
a ch: ghi nguyn a ch bng ting Vit khng du
Reisepass/ Passport: h chiu
Personalausweis/ identification card: CMTND
Nhp a ch Email v s in thoi
NhpTn ng nhp v password
Lu : ring password bao gm t nht 8 k t v t nht 2 con s
Chn: Ich stimme der Verarbeitung und Nutzung meinerDatenentsprechend der Datenschutz erklrung
zu.
Continue/Weiter
5.TAN: Nhp s TAN (s ng k d thi):
Sau khi in y tt c thng tin, nhp s TAN c nhn t ni t chc thi.
Continue/Weiter
6. Datenbesttigen/ confirm data: Xc nhn li thng tin v ach Email
ng nhp voEmail ca mnh xem mnh nhn Confirm Emailadress/Email-adressebesttigen ca
G.A.S.T cha.
Nu nhn c ri th click vo link xc nhn
Nu ch mt thi gian vn cha nhn c th phi lin h vi ni t chc thi c hng dn phi
lm g
II.Kinh nghim thi TestAS:
Chun b:
Phn thi duy nht c th chun b v luyn tp trc c trong TestAS l phn onscreen. Cc bn c
th ln mng (google) tm vi t kha: cloze test, lcken text test,tm cc bi tp mu tng t
luyn tp
Ngoi ra trn trang testas.de c phn cc bi test mu: vo testas.de ->testzentrum
->modellaufgaben v chn bi tp mu ph hp vi chuyn ngnh m mnh chn.

Bi lm trn trang testas.de ch mang tnh gii thiu v th ch c s lng rt t v mc th d hn

vi test tht
Khi vo phng thi cn nh mang theo Zulassungsschreiben v h chiu hoc CMTND.
Khi thi cn c bit ch thi gian v cc phn thi testas u din ra rt nhanh , nu khng lm nhanh
cc cu trc s khng c thi gian lm cc cu sau v c bit l th sinh sau khi chuyn sang
phn khc th khng c php lt li lm phn trc.
- ng k: Ln DAAD ( trng hp HCM, HN th em khng rnh) ng k xin m Tan v ng k
online trn web www.TestAS.de .
*Lu : + Gi lm vic ca hin ti DAAD HCM ( trnh mt thi gian ln khng c vic)
Th hai, th t: 09h00 - 12h00
Th ba, th nm: 13h00 - 16h00
Tel: 08 3832 9099
eMail: hcmc@daadvn.org (nn trc tip n t vn hoc gi t, gi mail th i tr li hi lu)
+ Khi ng k online, nn ghi khng du. V em gp trng hp ghi tn c du, khi vo thi Onscreen
, phi thi trn my tin th khng ng nhp vo account c, phi di ngy thi.
+ L ph thi: theo thng tin em c bit th n k thi thng 2 ny vn min ph, k thng 4/2013 c
th s thu ph (100Eur).
- Chun b: theo quan im ca em th k thi TestASl k thi nh gi kh nng IQ v kh nng phn x
ca th sinh,ch khng kim tra nh kin thc nh VN, nn gn nh cng khng bit n ci g .
+ Mu bi tp tham kho ca web chnh thc TestAS
www.testas.de/de/modellaufgaben.htm (ting c)
www.testas.de/en/modellaufgaben_en.htm (ting Anh)
+ Web luyn phn thi ngn ng (Onscreen) m em thy hay, v em search nhiu nhng tim phn thi Ctest bng ting anh cng kh, v phn ln khng c Loesung, Web ny th c y v nhiu ch :
http://wuster.uab.es/ctestpractice/
+Mt s ti liu n IQ v Onscreen em c attract theo mail, nhng theo kinh nghim ca em l
nhng ti liu ny khng st vi th, phn ln kh hn thi
*Lu : +theo kinh nghim mi thi t ri th s c vi sample c cho ra ging y chang trong bi thi,
nn tt nht nn coi k bi mu ca n.
+ thi cho ra tng kh hn sample ca n, nn chun b trc tinh thn.
+Sample trn Web nn down v ch ng coi trc tip trn Web, v down v file PDF nhiu bi mu
hn trn Web.
- i thi:
+ Mi phn thi c chia ra nhiu phn nh, v d khi thi phn Coretest (IQ) th n c: Solving
Quantitative, inferring Relationships. thi n pht nh 1 cun sch photo ( khng quen nn mi
u nhn l thy s) gm nhiu phn. Quan trng l n chia thi gian cho tng phn, v khi ht thi
gian ca 1 phn, n bt mnh phi lt qua trang ca phn tip theo lm, ch khng cho lm tip phn
. V khi phn mnh ang lm cn thi gian, m mnh lm xong cng khng c lt li lm phn
trc, cng khng c lm phn tip theo. Vy nn nn ch vo thi gian tng phn v s cu
chia thi gian hp l.

+Mi phn thi u c nhiu cp : d- trung bnh- kh, v thng xp tng dn t d n kh, nhng
n khng ghi cp d kh nh trong sample trn Web ( theo em nh l khng ghi)
+ Module em thi phn Engineering nn em ch ni c v phn ny: c bit phn Visualising kh hn
nhiu so vi sample ( theo cm nhn c nhn). Kinh nghim khi lm sample v phn ny nh, tinh
thn thoi mi v lm s lng t nn cm thy phn ny kh d, nhng khi i thi nhn rt nhiu hnh
trong mt thi gian ngn(vi chc hnh) s dn n hoa mt, v khng phn tch hnh c. Nn cch
ca em tih l khi lm tm 7-8 bi bt u thy mi mt th ngh tm 20-30s ri lm tip, theo c nhn
thy kh hiu qu :p.
+ Phn Formalising Technical Interrelationships th tng i n gin, p dng nhng cng thc c
bn v : c, in, hnh hc
+ Phn Analysing Technical Interrelationships: i hi k nng ngn ng tt. V my phn kia nhn k
hiu c khi c khng hiu ht mnh c th on ra n mun hi g.
+Phn thi Onscreen theo em thy hnh nh khng c n coi trng lm,khng kim tra giy t gh,
vo bt my ln ng nhp l thi thi, thi 30p, lm 6 bi, kh d ln ln, khng theo th t. Ci ny th
n c 1 b , mnh s dc chn ra 6 bi random 3 bai kh 3 bi d. Phn ny nu may mn c chn
ng Therma mnh bit th tt, cn my Therma khng bit th tch :p
- Kt qu: Kt qu khng gp chung m c chia lm 3 phn rt r rang: core test, Module v
Onscreen.
APS v TestAS hin nay cha lin quan n nhau
APS l cn thit cho xin Visa v xin Zulassung
TestAS l cn thit cho xin Visa. v s c u tin xt Zulassung nu im cao. ( C ngha l im
thp cng khng nh hng g. Nh vy l em cn phi thi TestAS, bi v em cn xin Visa m
Em c gi th hi cc trng STK, h bo Bewerbung cho STK ko cn TestAS nn c ngh mnh ko phi
lm TestAS, gi th phi n i thi. khng cn phi hi SK u, h khng c quyn g v vic ny c.
Em xin Zu l Zu ca trng i hc v trng i hc h gi em n SK ca bang em thi.
Nu em thi th em c hc thi

5. M ti khon Du hc ti mt ngn hng

( hoc bo lnh du hc)
Phn ny vo y c nh:
M ti khon du hc c
Nu bn mun i du hc bng vic bo lnh ca ngi thn, c th vo y tham kho:
Bo lnh du hc:
6. Gi H s xin nhp hc i hc/D b i hc sang c
Vic xin th mi nhp hc ( Zulassung) chng ta cng phn ra lm 3 i tng:
6.1. Vi nhng bn tt nghip i hc v mun hc Thc s bn c
Nu cc bn mun c sang c hc Master th c th vo link bn di tham kho. Trong cng
hng dn vic xin Zu khc ngnh so vi ngnh hc Vit Nam ca bn
* iu kin hc Master ti c ( dnh cho nhng bn mun hc Master ti c)
6.2. Vi nhng bn tt nghip i hc nhng mun hc li i hc bn c. v Vi nhng bn
hc xong 4 k ti Vit Nam (c bng im 4 k)
Vi nhng bn ny th cc bn c 2 la chn. 1 l xin Zulassung, ri hc ting ( thi DSH, TestDAF ) ri
vo hc thng chuyn ngnh. Cch xin Zulassung tng t nh i tng mc 6.1. Ch c iu l bn

tch vo phn Bachelor thay v Master trong n xin Zulassung ( xem bn di)
Bn cng c th xin vo hc d b i hc. Nh vy th bn phi lm cc th tc ging ht nhng bn
i tng 6.3. ( xem bn di )
6.3. Vi nhng bn va mi i hc hoc cha hc xong 4 k ti Vit Nam.
Trc ht l cc bn tham kho topic ny nh
* Thng tin v cc trng v cc kha hc d b ti c
Vi nhng i tng ny th cc bn bt buc phi hc d b 1 nm c trc khi c vo i hc
chnh thc c.
C bn th sang c 1 pht c th thi d b c lun, nhng c bn th phi n 6 thng n 1 nm
mi c.
Cc bn cng c th ang hc trng d b ny ri chuyn sang trng d b khc c, min sao tng
s thi gian cc bn t khi sang c n khi vo i hc l 2 nm. Nu qu cc bn s b ui v Vit
Nam.
Gi mnh hng dn cc bn xin Zu nh:
Cc bn ch l khng phi chng ta xin Zu trng d b u, m chng ta xin Zu vo trng i
hc m chng ta mun hc c.
Trong n nhp hc (c hng dn bn di), cc bn tch vo phn mun tham d kha hc d b ca
h. Nu ting c bn km, cha yu cu u c th tham gia k thi u vo d b th bn c th
tch thm phn mun tham gia 1 kha hc ting c do trung tm ting ca trng i hc m.
Nu h s ca bn ok th trng s gi Zulassung cho bn. Trong thng l 3 trong 1 hoc 2 trong
1. C ngha l 1 Zu km lun Zu vo kha hc ting c, c php thi u vo d b i hc v
c php vo hc i hc sau khi tt nghip d b.
Trng s gi h s ca bn n trng d b i hc ca bang c trng i hc . V d bng
Niedersachen th trng d b Hannover. D bn c xin Zu ca Uni Gttingen hay TU Clausthal th
bn cng u c d thi SK Hannover. Hoc bang Sachsen th d bn xin Zu Tu Dresden hay Uni
Leipzig th cng u c gi n tham d k thi u vo trng SK Leipzig.
Chnh v vy bn ch nn xin vo 1,2 trng ca bang m bn mun hc . Khn ngoan nht l chn
nhng trng d xin Zu thi. V d bang Niedersachen th xin vo Tu Clausthal. Bang Sachen th xin
vo Tu Freiberg (trng ny h Bachelor thuc Uni-Assist - Nhng m c gi trc tip cho trng,
phi mt ph cho Uni-Assist, Trng n nhn ht y m, trc Ad cng cm h s ln cho 2 bn v u
c nhn vo hc)
Tt c qu trnh xin Zu th cc bn hon ton lin h vi trng nh. H s hng dn bn phi lm
nhng g tip theo. Khi sang c th cc bn mi n trng D b xem lch thi, hoc ng k (cm
theo ci Zulassung ). Th l bn c thi d b i hc thi.
Nu th c vo d b hc. Nu trng th bn ng k cc kha hc ting ri n luyn, k sau thi
tip. Nn ch l mun thi tip li phi xin Zulassung 1 ln na nh. (lp li qu trnh trn).
Sau khi hc gn xong d b i hc. Nu bn mun hc 1 ni khc ngoi ci trng m bn xin Zu
trc y th bn cng phi lm h s xin Zu 1 ln na, nu h nhn bn v bn c vo hc 1 cch
bnh thng ch ko nht thit phi hc trng c.
Cn nu khng mun i trng khc th bn c nhn t ng vo trng bn ng k trc .
S: Cc bn ch l k c cc bn xin Zulassung, Visa 1 thnh ph khc nhng khi sang c cc bn
n 1 thnh ph khc sinh sng cng c. Nhng m khi n thnh ph khc cc bn cng phi

c Zulassung hoc phi ng k 1 kha hc ting c, d b ... th bn mi c php lu tr li

thnh ph . V d nh mnh hi trc xin Zu v Visa ln Essen, nhng c i mnh cha bao gi n
Essen, m sang c mnh xung Stuttgart ngay.
Cc bn nn tham kho cc topic sau:
7. Nhn Giy bo nhp hc
( hoc giy bo mi thi tuyn ca mt Trng i hc/Trng D b i hc c)
Nu bn cho a ch ca bn ang VN th trng s gi trc tip v cho bn. iu ny cng ko c vn
g nu a ch VN ca bn r rng.
Cng c 1 s bn chn ghi a ch ca bn b ngi thn ang c, nh vy s kh tht lc hn.
8. Np H s xin Visa cho SQ c
9. Nhn kt qu Visa
Sau khong 4 tun s nhn kt qu Visa, Visa c gi tr trong 3 thng v c ghi trong visa.
* Chun b ln ng sang c
Thng thng th ti thi im bt t n xin Visa, bn nn ngay lp tc n cc phng v t
(book) v trc. Vic book sm s gip bn kim c nhng chic v r v ng ngy bn mun i.
Bn nn t ngy i t nht sau 4,5 tun k t ngy bn t n xin visa, v cng khng nn qu ch
so vi ngy d kin Visa ca bn ht hn, thng l sau 4 thng k t ngy bn t visa ( 1 thng i
visa v 3 thng hn visa)
Vic t v ny hon ton khng mt tin, khi bn n phng v h s hng dn bn. Trong trng
hp bn khng c visa th phng v h cng ko bn v cho bn u v bn cng khng mt ng no
ht.
NC l g?
N l vit tt ca Numerus clausus, theo ting La Tinh ngha l "s lng hn ch".
Quy nh ny gip cc trng H c trong qu trnh xt tuyn sinh vin vo trng khi s lng
sinh vin xin vo hc 1 ngnh ng hn so vi s lng ch hc trong 1 k tuyn sinh, hn ch u
vo (mc d vy nhng nhiu ngnh vn qu ti v mi nm lng SV nhp hc qu ng so vi lng
SV tt nghip m ch hc th vn nh c!).
Nu s lng n xin vo ngnh khng qu s lng ch hc trong k tuyn sinh th tt nhin l tt c
cc n ny s c chp nhn m ko cn qua k xt duyt no na v cng s ko c NC trong k tuyn
. Ngc li th trng H s phi xt duyt v chn lc, ch ly s sinh vin ng vi s lng ch
hc ang c.
Bi v mi k tuyn sinh u c s lng sinh vin np n xin hc khc nhau nn ko bit trc c
im quy nh c tuyn vo s c t mc no nn im NC ca nhng k tuyn sinh trc
c ly da theo lm mc chun tng i. im chun trong k tuyn sinh y ko phi l
im thi vo H nh VN m l im thi tt nghip cp 3 - im tt nghip Abitur. Tuy nhin NC l ni
v c qu trnh xt duyt, tuyn sinh ch ko ch ni ti im Abitur c chn vo trng mc d im
Abitur ng vai tr quan trng bc nht!
NC bi vy c thc hin theo 3 iu kin tuyn chn tn sinh vin:
20% s ch hc s thuc v nhng ai c im Abitur cao nht.
20% s ch hc na s chia cho nhng ngi c tn trong danh sch ch ca trng theo iu kin
trng quy nh, v d cho nhng ai ch t 2 nm trc vo hc trc.

60% s ch hc cn li s dnh cho nhng ai hi iu kin gm 2 yu t: im Abitur v kinh

nghim ngh nghip (hay nhng iu kin khc theo ty trng). Trong chim phn quan trng:
im Abitur 90% v kinh nghim thc t, ngh nghip: 10%. V d im Abitur ca bn l 2,1 nhng
phi 2,0 mi c vo trng, h xem ti kinh nghim ngh nghip ca bn th thy rt phong ph nn
h s u tin nhn bn thay v 1 bn khc ko c kinh nghim ny.
Xem gii thch chi tit:
http://www.hochschulstart.de/index.php?id=515
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerus_clausus
http://www.hu-berlin.de/studium/beratung/merk/grenzws/view
i vi hc sinh nc ngoi (SV Vit Nam) th im Studienkolleg + im vo H VN = im Abitur.
im Abitur c nhn vo ngnh th ty theo tng trng, c trng cao hn, c trng thp hn,
phi xem c th trng no mnh mun vo quy nh th no. Nhng trng nhiu ngi mun vo
hc th NC s cao hn nhiu so vi nhng trng vi mc yu thch thp hn.
im thp hn quy nh m vn mun xin vo th... c np n thi! Bn s c vo 1 Warteliste (danh
sch ch), ty theo trc bn c bao nhiu ngi ng k i th c hi c vo hc sm l cao hay
thp. Trong thi gian th bn c th i lm c thm kinh nghim thc t, c hi vo hc sm hn
cng s tng thm.
Vi v d NC cho bn tham kho:
Uni Kassel:
Ko c Nummerus Clausus: Informatik, Physik
C Nummerus Clausus: Biologie, Wiwi, Wirtschaftsrecht
Link: http://www.uni-kassel.de/uni/studium/studienangebot/grundstaendige-studiengaenge.html
Trng HU-Berlin:
http://www.hu-berlin.de/studium/beratung/merk/grundstaendig/
Ko c NC: Info, Chemie
Psychologie: 1,0 vi 1,5 cho 10% kinh nghim ngh nghip + vi lu khc
Lut: 1,6-1,7
VWL: 1,8
y c cc NC ca nhiu trng trong nhng nmqua http://www.hochschulstart.de/index.php?
id=3960
Hay l NC theo ngnh: http://www.abitur-und-studium.de/NC-Suche.aspx
Trng Uni Kassel lc mi c ngnh Lut Kinh T th phi 2,0 Abitur tr ln mi c vo, mi nm ch
nhn c 50 SV vo hc. Sau t nm 2008 tr i nhn mi hc k 60 SV vo hc... t nhin iu kin
c nhn vo s d i.
Thng th NC cao nht vn l ngnh Y, trng no cng phi 1,5 tr ln mi hy vng vo c. Trng
"hot" nh Berlin th c th nng NC ln nhng nm nhiu SV np n xin hc ln 1,3-1,0 cng ko c g
l.
Tm L Hc cng c NC ngang tm vi Y: cc trng i hi Abitur cng phi 1,3-1,0 mi c vo hc,
s hc k ch c nhn vo vi s im thp hn cng phi t 8-10 hc k!
http://www.nc-werte.info/studiengang/psychologie/
Dnh cho nhng ai t m nhng ngnh no bao nhiu Sv xin vo v bao nhiu c nhn vo hc ca

TU Dresden: (Tm l hc: 4452 n xin v 120 ch hc!!!!!!)

Link: http://tu-dresden.de/studium/organisation/bewerbung_und_immatrikulation/pdf_dateien/Nc12
Du hc c: Bn c k hoch du hc c v c v vn thc mc cn c gii p? Bi vit ny s
gii p nhng cu hi thng gp nht m cc bn quan tm n du hc c cn bit.
1. Ti c th tm kim thng tin trc khi du hc u v bng cch no?
Trang web ca c quan trao i hn lm c DAAD l a ch chnh thc cho tt c nhng ngi nc
ngoi mun bit thm thng tin v vic hc tp ti c. DAAD c nhiu chi nhnh v trung tm thng
tin nc ngoi trong c Vit Nam. Website ca c quan trao i hn lm c ti Vit Nam c a
ch http://www.daadvn.org/vn/index.html.
The Deutsches Studentenwerk (Hip hi sinh vin quc t ti c) cng cung cp rt nhiu thng tin
hu ch ti trang www.internationale-studierende.de. Nhiu cu hi c tr li ti www.research-ingermany.de/faq. y chnh l nhng cng thng tin hu ch dnh cho nhng sinh vin nc ngoi
mun hc tp ti c.
2. iu kin du hc ti c l g?
Tt c cc sinh vin quc t mun theo hc ti c phi np n xin nhp hc, d bn mun theo hc
mt chng trnh c nhn, thc s hay tin s ti c. Mt giy t quan trng na l giy chng nhn
tt nghip i hc (bng tt nghip i hc) hoc giy chng nhn trng tuyn vo mt trng i hc
trong nc. Bn c th kim tra bng xp loi cc trng i hc theo c s ca Anabin. iu kin du
hc c vi sinh vin Vit Nam, bn c th tham kho ti y.
Rt nhiu kha hc cng i hi chng ch ngn ng c. Mt khc nhiu chng trnh quc t cn yu
cu chng ch ting Anh.
Nu bn mun ly bng tin s ti c, bn phi tt nghip mt trng i hc c cng nhn c
v c bng thc s. Nhng nu bn c trnh xut sc, bn ch cn tt nghip i hc (Chng
trnh Fast Track) v tham gia mt k thi tuyn u vo.
Bn nn tm hiu v thi gian nhp hc mi chng trnh.
3. p dng nh th no?
Trc y, sinh vin quc t ch c th du hc do cc trng i hc trc tip lin kt. Nu c kh nng
kinh t, sinh vin hin nay c th du hc theo din t tc www.uni-assist.de.
4. Ti c cn visa?
Sinh vin t cc nc thuc lin minh chu u, khu vc kinh t chu u v nhiu nc khc c th du
hc ti c m khng cn th thc. Tt c cc sinh vin quc t khc ni chung phi c th thc hoc
giy php c tr. Nu bn cha c giy nhp hc ca trng i hc nhng mun c thng tin v c,
bn c th xin visa du hc t c quan i din ngoi giao c nc ngoi. Mt visa du lch khng

c chuyn i sang mc ch du hc. Bn c th xem th tc xin visa du hc c ca sinh vin Vit

Nam ti y.
5. Thi gian nhp hc c din ra nh th no?
c, nm hc c chia thnh hai giai on vi mi 6 thng. K nhp hc ma h ko di t thng 4
n thng 9 cc trng i hc v t thng 3 n thng 8 ti cc trng i hc khoa hc ng dng.
Hc k ma ng t thng 10 n thng 3 nm sau v t thng 9 n thng 2 nm sau ti trng i
hc khoa hc ng dng. Hn cht nhp hc thng vo thng 25/1 v 15/7 (c th khc nhau cc
trng). Bn c th tham kho thm ti www.internationale- studierende.de.
6. Chi ph hc tp ti c nh th no?
Hu ht cc trng i hc c u khng thu hc ph ngoi tr mt s khon ng gp nho cho mi
hc k. Ti thi im ny, c th tnh trung bnh khong 500Euro hc ph cho mt hc k ti cc trng
i hc ca c.
Sinh vin t cc nc khng thuc EU ngoi th thc h cn phi chng minh c 8.000 Euro cho mi
nm trong ti khon ngn hng. iu ny m bo tim lc ti chnh khi theo hc ti c. S tin ny
thng khng trang tri tt c cc chi ph. Sinh vin c cn khong 812 Euro/thng.
Chi ph sinh hot mt s thnh ph nh thng thp hn nhiu so vi thnh ph ln. Tuy nhin, Berlin
l trng hp ngoi l trong trng hp ny. Sinh vin mi c th tm c cc gi dch v c bit
c cung cp bi hip hi sinh vin. Sinh vin c h tr ch , thc phm v bo him y t, thm
ch l hot ng gii tr.
7. Ti c th lm thm ti c?
Hu ht sinh vin ti c u tham gia lm thm. Sinh vin nc ngoi ti c c php lm thm.
Tuy nhin vn cn mt s hn ch i vi cng dn v sinh vin thuc cc nc mi gia nhp EU.
Nhiu t chc c cng h tr sinh vin quc t c nng khiu cao. Cc khon hc bng thng cp
cho nhng sinh vin quc t ang theo hc ti cc trng i hc c thnh tch cao trong hc tp.
Mt s website tham kho:
http://www.internationale-studierende.de/
www.stipendiumplus.de
www.stipendienlotse.de
8. Ni th th no?
Rt nhiu sinh vin c thch chia s cn h vi nhau. Chia s cn h c gi l sng trong WG or
Wohngemeinschaft. K tc x sinh vin cng l la chn ph bin. K tc x thng nm xung quang
trng i hc v c gi hp l (200Euro mi thng).

Sinh vin mun thu mt cn h ring phi tr khong 300 Euro mi thng. Thng s d dng hn khi
tm ch ti cc thnh ph nh hn cc thnh ph tp trung nhiu trng i hc nh Munich,
Cologne, Hamburg.
www.studentenwerk.de
www.wg-gesucht.de
9. Vic hc ting quan trng nh th no?
Ngay khi bn khng cn chng minh kh nng ngn ng cho mt kha hc quc t, bn vn nn hc
ting c. Ting c cn cho cuc sng hng ngy ca bn. Bn c th cm thy b stress mc d
nhiu ngi c ni ting Anh. Bn c th n vin Goethe kim tra trnh ting c ca mnh.
Nhiu trng i hc cng cung cp cc kha hc ting c vo ma h nh mt ngn ng nc
ngoi.
www.testdaf.de, www.goethe.de
www.daad.de / sommerkurse
10. Ti c th tm s gip u?
Bn c th lin lc vi trung tm trao i hn lm c. Ngoi ra mi trng i hc u c mt vn
phng sinh vin quc t (Akademisches Auslandsamt); l mt trung tm lin lc quan trng cho sinh
vin nc ngoi. Cc nhn vin y bit tt c th tc v sn sng gip bn nhng cu hi lin
quan. Bn c th vo cc trang web nh www.studivz.de; www.all-students.de; www.young-germany.de
c l mt trong nhng quc gia c nn gio duc lu i v tin tin trn th gii, h thng trng
lp c xy dng ng b, c bit t nm 1717, gio dc c coi l chnh sch cng bch ca nh
nc, mi ngi u phi n trng, u phi i hc.
K t qu trnh ci cch v i mi gio dc din ra lin tc, m hnh cc trng hc ca c hin
ti l kt qu ca nhng ci cch t nhng nm 60-70 v nhng i mi gn y.
Sm nhn thc c tim nng ti nguyn thin nhin ca t nc khng tht s di do v ngun
ti ny, cng nh vai tr to ln ca gio dc v o to trng s nghip pht trin t nc, c
u t rt nhiu vo h thng gio dc to ra ngun ti nguyn lao ng tay ngh cao.
Gio dc ca c c xem l nn gio dc mang tnh cch thc tin, l thuyt v thc hnh lun c
xem quan trng nh nhau. Ti c, nghnh gio dc khng mang tnh cch tp trung, tc mi tiu
bang c quyn quyt nh v m hnh h thng gio dc. Cc b vn ho ca 16 tiu bang c thng
nht v h thng gio dc c bn, nhng vn c s khc nhau gia cc trng v s o to ti nhng
tiu bang khc nhau, do quyn hnh chnh t lp v truyn thng vn ho ca tng vng.
Ni v nn gio dc c, chng ta phi bt u ngay t thu cn b cho n khi tt nghip i hc.
Tt c cc giai on lin quan vi nhau mt cch cht ch.
Tr em 3 tui bt u i hc mu gio. Ti y dng nh cha c s khc bit so vi cc trng mu
gio cc nc trn th gii. V vy, chng ta khng cn i su tm hiu h thng mu gio, m bc
qua giai on tiu hc.
Tr em bt u i hc tiu hc (Grundschule - primary school) vo lc 6 tui. Chng trnh hc ko di
khong 4 nm. Ti mt s bang nh Berlin v Brandenburg, chng trnh tiu hc ko di 6 nm. Tuy
nhin, iu ny cng khng phi l qui nh cng nhc, m hon ton ph thuc vo kh nng ca hc
sinh.

Ti tiu hc, tt c tr em cn hc chung nhau mt trnh , mt cch ging dy, cha phn bit gii
hay khng gii. Tt c hc sinh cng hc chung mt lp, nhng ty nng kh nng nhn thc ca tng
hc sinh m gio vin s giao bi theo cp khc nhau. V th, nhiu hc sinh c th hc ht
chng trnh lp 1 v chuyn sang lp 2, trong khi nhiu hc sinh khc c khi vn ang giai on
gia chng lp 1. Trn c s kt qu hc tp ca tng hc sinh, gio vin s gi y vi gia nh a
tr thng minh c th hc vt lp. Mc d khng c s phn bit u vo, nhng giai on tiu hc
li l giai on quan trng nht, v sau tiu hc cc hc sinh c phn loi v chuyn cp sang cc
trng vi cc trnh ging dy khc nhau, tng xng vi trnh ca tng hc sinh.
Sau cp tiu hc, hc sinh c 3 hng i:
1. Trng Hauptschule: cho nhng hc sinh yu, c s tip thu chm v thch i chuyn vo cc
nghnh ngh (apprenticeship). Ti y hc sinh hc n lp 9 l c th ra hc ngh theo mnh thch.
Chng trnh Hauptschule ko di 6 nm. Hc sinh tt nghip s nhn chng tr tt nghip. Nu sau khi
tt nghip, trnh hc sinh c kh nng tip thu tt hn th hc sinh c nh trng ngh
chuyn tip ln Realschule.
2. Trng Realschule: dnh cho cc hc sinh c trnh kh hn hc sinh trng Hauptschule. Ti
y, hc sinh c th hc thm mt ngoi ng th hai. Cc mn hc khc cng c cht lng cao v
phong ph hn so vi chng trnh hc ti trng Hauptschule. Hc sinh ti trng Realschule s tt
nghip sau khi hc xong lp 10. Tng t nh trng Hauptschule, hc sinh kh cng s c nh
trng t ng chuyn tip ln bc cao hn, l trng Gymnasium. Hc sinh Realschule mun vo
i hc th c th qua ng Gymnasium. Nu khng, sau lp 10, hc sinh Realschule c th theo
hc mt trng dy ngh (Fachschule) vi h 12 nm. Sau khi tt nghip, hc sinh ti y ch c th
vo hc cao ng (Fachhochschule), khng th i thng c vo i hc (Uni) c. Mun vo i
hc, sinh vin cn c bng tt nghip cao ng.
3. Trng Gymnasium (grammar school): dnh cho nhng hc sinh gii, c kh nng tip thu nhanh v
hc tp tt. Ti y, hc sinh c o to vi kin thc cht lng, trnh kh cao hn so vi hai
trng ni trn. Gymnasium thng bt u t lp 5 v sau 13 nm mi tt nghip ly bng tt
nghip PTTH (Abitur). C nhng tiu bang ang c chng trnh thc nghim rt ngn thnh 12 nm.
Hc sinh Gymnasium th c th vo thng cc trng i hc no m h thch, nu s hc sinh ghi
danh khng qu cao. Nu s lng ghi danh qu nhiu so vi s gh i hc, hc sinh c tuyn chn
theo s im tt nghip ph thng, t cao nht tr xung.
H i hc: Universitaet (Uni, TU, TH) (Fachhoschchule)

Ti i hc th sinh vin cn t nht 5 nm tt nghip. i a s sinh vin c ra trng tr hn t 2

nm tr ln, tc cn khong 7 nm mi tt nghip c i hc. V vi vn bng i hc th sinh vin
tt nghip c th tip tc xin lm lun n tin s. Ngc li, vi vn bng cao ng th trc tin sinh
vin phi hc thm c c vn bng i hc. Thng thng t cao ng qua i hc th sinh vin
ch c cng nhn bng i hc i cng (Vordiplom).
Nhn chung, mi mt giai on, hc sinh lun c th la chn mt con ng hng nghip cao hn
ph hp vi kh nng v nguyn vng. Tuy nhin, rt ngn c thi gian, on ng Gymnasium
l on ng ngn nht v c nhiu hng pht huy kh nng c nhn nht. cc loi hnh gio dc
khc, tuy hng pht trin khng hn ch, nhng i hi ngi hc sinh tnh kin nhn v thi gian s
ko di hn. Th d t Hauptschule ln Realschule hc sinh phi hc li nm lp 9 c th tt nghip
c bng tt nghip lp 10. c th lm lun n tin s, sinh vin cao ng phi i qua con ng
i hc v ch c cng nhn i hc i cng (Vordiplom).
so snh h thng gio dc chu u, bn c th tm hiu thm trn trang web:
http://aaonline.dkf.de/europa_kommt/
Gesamtschule (comprehensive school)
T nm 1969, mt h thng trng hc mi ra i vi tn gi l Gesamtschule (comprehensive
school). H thng ny tng t nh h thng trng hc ti Ireland, nhng chng khng c ph cp
lm. Nguyn nhn c bn l cc tiu bang khc nhau c quyn quyt nh hnh thc trng hc v h

thng gio dc tiu bang ca mnh. Tt c 16 tiu bang c ring b vn ho v c quyn quyt nh h
thng gio dc ca tng tiu bang. Cc chnh quyn tng tiu bang bo th trong vic h thng
Gesamtschule. V d ti Bayern v Baden-Wrttemberg ch c 3 trng Gesamtschulen; trong khi ti
Nordrhein-Westfalen c ti 203 trng.
Nh cp, b vn ha thng nht l v h thng gio dc c bn, nhng vn c s khc nhau gia
cc trng v o to ti nhng tiu bang khc nhau. Ti Bayern, tt nghip PTTH c th so snh vi
Higher Leaving Certificate. C hai k thi s do b quyt nh v cc th sinh s thi vo cng mt ngy.
Trong khi ti Nordrhein-Westfalen, bi thi do gio vin bin son. Trong cng mt mn, c th nhiu k
thi khc nhau.
ch l mt s nhng khc nhau trong nh trng ca tng tiu bang. Ngoi ra cn l do s khc nhau
v truyn thng tng vng. Qua gi c nhng truyn thng a dng ca tng vng.
T u th k 20 c nhiu hnh thc trng hc khc, ni ting l trng Waldorf v Montessori.
y l nhng trng t thc, tc cha m phi tr tin hc cho con ci. Khc vi nhiu nc khc,
trng t thc ti c khng phi l nhng trng u t (Eliteschulen).
Hin nay c khong 1 triu hc sinh ngi nc ngoi theo hc ti cc trng c. V s lng ngy
cng gia tng, nn ti cc trng cn c cc lp ting c. Hc sinh ngi nc ngoi khng sanh
trng c hay ti qu hng khng bit ting c, thng gp kh khn vi ting c. bit tt
hn ting c, cc em c th i hc cc lp ph o.
Ngi nc ngoi c con sanh trng v ln ln c lo ngi rng con ci ca hc s nh mt nhng
ngun vn ho dn tc. V vy, nh trng c cng m cc lp ting Th, ting Ba Lan.
Tr em tn tt ti c i hc ti cc trung c bit (Sonderschule- special school). C rt nhiu
trng ny ty vo mc tn tt (trng m, trng cm ic ...). T nhng nm 70, ngi ta c
gng dy cc hc sinh tn tt v khng tn tt trong cng mt lp.
Nhng thng tin khc v h thng trng hc ca c, bn c th tham kho thm trn cc trang web
sau:
Tatsachen ber Deutschland - http://www.bundesregierung.de
http://www.bundesregierung.de/tatsachen_ueber_deutschland/deutsch/buch/10/
Das Land Thringen informiert
http://www.thueringen.de/tkm/hauptseiten/schul.htm
Das Land Niedersachsen informiert
http://www.niedersachsen.de/MK1.htm
Das Land Hessen informiert
http://www.bildung.hessen.de/sform/primar/index.htm
Das deutsche Schulweb http://www.schulweb.de

bao gi cc bn mun n vi c- "x s ca bia" du hc cha?

L do nn chn c du hc
Du hc c cng c nhiu im kh tng ng vi du hc ti Php, nht l v khon hc ph. Chnh
ph h tr ti a hc ph cho du hc sinh hu ht cc trng. Bn c th theo hc bng ting Anh
hoc ting c v bng cp du hc y th c tha nhn rng ri trn th gii.
Hn th, lng du hc sinh Vit Nam ti c rt nhiu, ln n con s 4.000 ngi, vy nn cc bn s
d dng gip nhau hn.
T thng 4/2012, cc ngnh hc ti hn 70 trng H bang Baden Wurttemberg s khng thu hc
ph. Cc bn c th tham kho hc ph tng trng c nh. Hc ph tng trng c khi ch chnh
lch t 63 Euro/hc k (~1 triu 6 VN) cho ti 105 Euro/hc k (~2 triu 7 VN). i vi cc ngnh
Tng hp k thut, Khoa hc x hi, Thit k thi trang, Khoa hc k thut c th chnh lch t 150
Euro - 218 Euro/k (~2 triu 7 - 5 triu 6 VN). Rt hp l phi khng cc bn!?
Mt s lu cho teen trc khi quyt nh du hc

Bi v ting c l ngn ng rt ph bin chu u, cng nh bn khng th t c ti a hiu sut

hc tp khi khng bit ting bn a. Th nn bn s phi hc ting y v iu kin hc ting l g
teen c bit khng? Chnh l cc bn phi u i hc Vit Nam, c hc tip d b i hc
c. Giy t cn thit teen s np ti b phn kim tra hc vn APS nhn chng ch APS, chng ch
ny l iu kin teen c th thc i hc ting hoc hc d b ti c.
Teen phi nghin cu xem trng mnh ng k hc nhn n trc tip hay nhn n Unit-assist
(Trung tm dch v cho cc n ng k i hc quc t), rt nhiu trng H c ch nhn n qua
h thng ny.
Tip theo, chnh ph ch tr hc ph cho bn khi bn bt u hc d b i hc, ngha l bn phi t
tr tin hc ting c, tng chi ph cho vic ny l tm 6000 8000 Euro (~170 triu - 230 triu VN).
Cui cng, teen phi nh ba m m mt ti khon phong ta theo ng yu cu ti Deustche Bank AG
chi nhnh TP.HCM na nh.
Ni tr chn cho teen du hc
Chi ph cho phng tr s chim phn ln trong sinh hot ph ca teen, cng ty theo tng khu vc,
thnh ph m gi c s c s chnh lch nht nh. Top cc thnh ph t l th Berlin, Munich,
Mannheim, Heidenberg, Frankfurt trong khi cc thnh ph c gi thu r hn l Aachen, Kiel, Emden
th teen phi chi tm 175 240 Euro (~4,5 triu - 6 triu VN) tin thu nh mt thng.
Nh vy, gi c thu phng c th chnh lch t 170 350 Euro/thng (~4,5 triu - 9 triu VN),
phng trong k tc x trung bnh 200 Euro/thng (~5 triu VN), phng trong mt cn h, chia s vi
bn khc tm 240 Euro/thng (~6 triu VN). Teen nn nghin cu ch trc khi sang, trng hp
bt c d sang c ri mi tm nh th c th yu cu vn phng quc t ti trng bn gip nh.
n ung nh th no nh
Chi ph c khng r nn thng cc bn du hc sinh sang y u chn cch t nu nng cho
chi ph. n c cng kh d n v h thng siu th rt a dng, phong ph gip cho sinh vin
Vit Nam phn no vic nu nng.
Ngc Lan (Frankfurt) cho bit: Mnh chn nu n share vi cc bn trong nh. n c cng
kh d n nhng hay c nhiu du m, chin nng. Rau xanh nh Vit Nam cng him v kh
t.
Nh Nam (Berlin) chia s: May mn cho hc sinh Berlin l c khu ch ngi Vit gi l ng Xun
Center, nhng quy hng nh qun Lichtenberg bn Vit Nam.
Chi ph cho vic n ung nu bn cc thnh ph khc nhau cng khng chnh lch nhiu, ti a 160
Euro/thng (~4 triu VN) nu bn t nu n. Sau y l mt s gi thc phm cho teen tham kho
nh:
- 1 bnh m: 1,5 3 (39 nghn - 78 nghn VN)
- 1kg to: 2 (52 nghn VN)
- 1kg khoai ty: 1 (26 nghn VN)
- 1lt sa: 0,5 - 1 (13 nghn - 26 nghn VN)
- 1 chai nc tinh khit (0,75lit): 0,3 (7 nghn VN)
- 1 cc c ph ti qun: 2,5 (65 nghn VN)
- 1 cc bia ti qun (0,3lit) 2 - 3 (52 nghn - 78 nghn VN)
Giao thng i li
c du hc sinh thng chn tu in ngm, phng tin ph bin nht nc ny. Hoc vi nhng
ai mun tit kim hn cc bn c th s dng xe p, c ring phn ng xe p trn va h. Bn
cnh , h thng xe bus c cng kh pht trin. Chi ph cho vic i li ca cc bn nu s dng
phng tin cng cng mt thng tm 30 - 40 Euro (~700 nghn - 1 triu VN).
Minh Anh (Munich) chia s: Mnh thch h thng tu in ngm ca c. C trm, subway v h thng
tu in trn khng. Thch nht l nhng ga in ngm trn y mu sc hnh nh rt p.
Vui chi, gii tr c
C l c l ni ngi dn si ng v hi hc, nhit thnh nht chu u. Khng ch c nhng l hi
bia honh trng nh teen thng thy, c cn ni ting bi nhng kin trc c xa p m li v ma
trn ca ngh thut ng ph nh cao. Cng chim ngng vi chng t nh.
Lu cho teen khi mun lm thm ti c

Du hc sinh c lm 90 ngy lm vic/nm (full time) hoc 180 ngy/nm (part time)
Trong thi gian hc, bn s c lm ti a 20 gi/tun. Cn trong k ngh, bn c th thoi mi lm
thm theo mong mun.
Theo quy nh, sinh vin nc ngoi c php lm thm c trong ln ngoi trng. Cc cng vic
trong trng thng l ph vic trong phng th nghim, phng my, phng sinh vin, nh n, Tuy
nhin, s lng cng vic c hn m sinh vin li ng, cc bn du hc sinh Vit Nam thng tm ti
cc cng vic bn ngoi.
Nu cc bn lm vic cho cc ca tim m ngi Vit Nam lm ch th mc lng thng s thp hn.
Khi lm vic vi ch l ngi bn x, cc bn nn nh ngi c l nhng ngi rt coi trng gi gic,
li ha, trch nhim cng vic, s chm ch v tnh kin nhn
Ci hay u tin: bt c ai c trong tay tm bng tt nghip cp 3 (Abitur) th u c th ng k
hc i hc: Hc vn cho mi la tui!
Bn tt nghip cp 3 v cha mun i hc i hc ngay sau ? Khng sao, bn c th i Aupair, i
lm cng tc x hi hay i hc ngh trc. Nhiu khi i hc ngh trc li c nhng u im ring: bn
c cng ty tr lng sng trong thi gian hc ngh, bn hc l thuyt 2 ngy trng v 3 ngy
th lm vic ti ni hc ngh, nh vy bn khng phi lo chi ph sinh hot v li c kinh nghim ngay
trong thi gian hc ngh. Sau bn mun hc ln i hc th va c kinh nghim, li c ngh trong
tay, c th va hc va lm ng ngh ch khng phi vt v nh cc bn khc chy bi nhng
qun n. Hoc bn mun n nh gia nh, con ci trc khi vo hc? Ci cng khng vn g,
cnh ca i hc lun m rng ch bn! Nhiu bn tr li chn cho mnh con ng va ly chng /v
va sinh con trong qu trnh hc. Khng tng? Hon ton c th! Nhiu trng i hc c nhng lp
mu gio, lp trng tr di 2 tui cho cc b m tr va hc va chm con. L ph trng tr thng
rt t v l do trng ti tr. Nhng ng b b m tr c th ng k hc Teilzeit c hc trong
thi gian lu hn quy nh bnh thng v s c t thi gian hn hc. cc trng u c nhng
trung tm t vn ring cho nhng ng b b m tr ny c thi kha biu ph hp nht. C nhiu l
do ng h cho vic c con trong thi gian hc: sinh vin c cc k ngh di, hc k ma h th ti
gn 3 thng ngh cn hc k ma ng th cng c ngh 2 tun Noel v 1 thng ri ngh trc khi
vo hc k mi. So vi 28-30 ngy ngh trong c nm ca 1 ngi i lm cng s th r rng sinh vin
c nhiu thi gian chm sc con ci hn. Mt u th na khi bn c con trc khi i lm: bn s
khng phi ngh 1-2 nm nh chm sc con cho ti khi chng c nhn trng cc nh tr. C ng
ch, cng ty no hy vng nhn vin ca mnh vo lm hn 1 nm ri ngh nh 2 nm trng con?
Vo mt lp i hc bn ny bn c th thy sinh vin mi la tui, t nhng thanh thiu nin 19-20
cho ti nhng c, bc u 2 th tc m tc bc nhiu hn th tc kia. Bn cng hc c th l nhng
ngi m tn ty lo cho con trng thnh ri sau mi thc hin m c thu xa ca mnh, c th
l ng ch cng ty no mun hc thm v qun l cng ty tt hn, cng c th l th k cng ty
ABC mun hc ly ci bng v lm chc v khc cao hn... Mi ngi mi la tui, thnh phn,
cp bc u c th tr thnh bn hc trn ging ng. Hc vn cho mi la tui!!!
Ci hay th 2: Hc vn cho mi tng lp!
V chnh ph ti tr cho trng i hc nn sinh vin khng phi ng hc ph, ch phi ng ph qun
l v tin v s dng phng tin giao thng cng cng trong a phng mnh hc (khong 200-300
cho 1 hc k). Tic l trc y my nm tin hc mc 500 1 hc k li c p dng lm sinh vin
mt phen khn n. Ch t lu sau, do ln sng d lun v s biu tnh mnh m ca sinh vin khp ni
cng nhng tranh ci, phn tch nhm bo v quyn c hc cho mi tng lp giu ngho m hc ph
c bi b, ch cn 1 s Bang trn nc c l cn thu l ph 500 1 hc k. Bt u t hc k ma
ng 2013/2014 th ch cn Bang Niedersachsen thu hc ph ca sinh vin.
Tuy phn ln sinh vin khng nhn thc v khng nhn ra nhng chnh ph b ra rt nhiu tin ti
tr cho cc trng i hc: lng cc GS, ging vin (t nht t mc Diplom tr ln), cc d n, lng
thu tr ging, cc nhm AG gip sinh vin lm cc bi tp song song vi l thuyt trn ging ng,
chi ph mua cc trang thit b tr ging, c s h tng (my chiu, laptop, bn gh, in nc vv v
vv), cc phng th nghim vi nhng my mc v cng t tin, cc nh n sinh vin (gii p cho
nhng ba n y m gi r hn rt nhiu so vi hng qun bn ngoi) v cc th vin vi khi
lng sch tham kho v sch hc khng l min ph!
Ci hay th 3: i din sinh vin vi ting ni c trng lng trong cc quyt nh quan trng!
Nhng ln chn ging vin mi cho khoa, nhng th sinh s thuyt trnh trc qun chng. a im v
gi gic s c cng b nhng ai quan tm c th ti nghe. Sau ch nhim khoa s hp bn,

trong c i din sinh vin. i din ny c sinh vin bu ra v c quyn tham d cng nh gp
kin trong nhng cuc hp bn quan trng ca khoa, a ln kin ca sinh vin cho nhng quyt
nh lin quan ti vic dy v hc cng nh quyt nh lin quan ti quy nh v thi c.
H rt coi trng s hng ng v s ch ng t pha sinh vin. C nhng quyt nh bt buc sinh
vin phi cng tham gia gi c quyn li c: trch nhim i bu c mi nm, v d: gi
c v s dng phng tin giao thng cng cng vi mc gi tha thun vi Deutsche Bahn. Hy
tng tng nu qu t sinh vin i bu c, bn s mt i chic v tu xe hng ngy vi gi 150 cho 6
thng v phi t tr v thng, mi thng cng gn 150!
Khng nhng th, bu c cn gip sinh vin chn ra nhng i din gip h thc hin nhng yu cu
cn thit gip ch trong vic hc, v d nh yu cu th vin m ca lu hn, mua v nhiu u sch
hn hay l ch cho sinh vin vi gi r hn.
Ci hay th 4: Cch dy v hc
Bn khng thch ln ging ng nghe GS ging bi v ng no bn cng chng hiu ng ta lm
nhm nhng g trong tit hc chn ngt kia? Bn thy i hc nhm AG c hng dn lm bi tp
c ch hn nhiu nhng bi ging ? Ty bn. Chng c GS no trn ging ng vi hn 100 sinh
vin li kim tra s c mt ca bn, cng chng c nhm hc lm bi tp no im danh bn! Tt c l
bn t ch, quyt nh hc cch no, hc bao gi l ty bn. Ch cn bn k thi cui hc k th bn
hc th no chng ai quan tm.
l i vi nhng sinh vin nm di, khi s sinh vin cn qu ng. cng l mt cch nhng
ai khng t gic, khng t hc b loi khi u trng, ch cn li nhng ai bit c lp hc v nghin
cu. Ngy ti trng u tin, trng khoa ni vi chng mnh: cc bn hy nhn sang bn tri v bn
phi, c th bn s khng cn gp 2 bn ny na sau vi hc k u tin! Danh sch bo im thi
nhng hc k u di 3 trang giy kh A4 th 2 nm sau ch cn li 1 trang giy m thi! Bi vy, c
nhng ngnh ly sinh vin vo khng cn hn ch m s tt nghip ra vn c thp l t.
Nhng nm hc cao hn, ty vo nghnh hc m bn s hc trong nhng lp nh hn, ch khong 30
sinh vin 1 lp. Nu gio s dy mn hc ca bn i hi bn phi lm thuyt trnh Power Point v lm
Hausarbeit (lun vn vit nh theo ch ) th c l mi c im danh trn lp trnh bn ch ti
lp khi bn phi thuyt trnh, cn cc bi thuyt trnh khc do khng lin quan ti bn nn bn nh!
Nhng nm hc ny quan trng v cng v bn s vo hc chuyn mn v cc k nng thuyt trnh,
vit bi khoa hc ca bn s c ti luyn. Tt c c chun b cho bi lun n tt nghip v k
nng lm vic, thuyt trnh sau khi ra trng.
Ci hay th 5: "Internationale Teamarbeit"
Khng ch c nhng sinh vin mi la tui, vi mi kinh nghim v mi tng lp, cc bn cn c tip
xc vi cc sinh vin n t nhiu nc, dn tc khc nhau, t chu ti chu Phi, cc lp hc vi
mi mu da v tn gio, vi nhng ting m khc nhau cng cc tp tc mun mu mun v. Bn
ny vi bn Trung Quc ang trao i tho lun, bn kia cc bn Nht, Hn ang tn gu, gc n l
cc bn gi Hy Lp xinh xn chuyn tr v gc kia l cc bn nam n t Php vi nhng khun mt
in trai... Hnh nh ny hon ton c th bt gp trong mt lp hc ti y. V khi Gio S vo lp th
nhng kin thc c truyn ti bng ting c, th ting k diu lm cu ni cho mi mu da, dn
tc ang hin din trong ging ng, th ting mang ti Tri Thc v Khoa hc.
Nhng gio s vi kinh nghim lu nm khng ch truyn t tri thc hiu bit v khoa hc, h cn c
gng truyn t kinh nghim sng v lm vic, cch nhn thc mi vic mt cch khch quan, cch
nh gi mt s vic v lun khuyn khch, to iu kin cho sinh vin hc cng nh nghin cu theo
nhm.
Nhiu bi tp v c thuyt trnh sinh vin phi hon thnh theo nhm, lm sao ng hn ra thuyt
trnh trc lp. Mi sinh vin trong nhm u phi trnh by phn ca mnh v sau ging vin v
cc sinh vin khc s t cu hi v nhng phn h quan tm c nhm cng tr li. Nhng bi
thuyt trnh thng i hi trc cc sinh vin ca nhm phi c cch lm vic chung nghim tc,
k lng: h phi phn chia tng phn ca ti, sao cho mi ngi ph trch 1 ti, tm hiu v
nghin cu v ti ca mnh truyn t li cho cc thnh vin khc hiu r ti ging nh
mnh hiu, sau tng hp li chnh v cng nhau lm mt bi thuyt trnh bng Power Point.
Trc lp, nhm s thay ging vin "ng lp" trong gi v s trnh by ti mnh ph trch cng
vi nhng ti liu tham kho, Handout m nhm chun b trc phn pht cho nhng bn hc
cng. Cui bui thuyt trnh thng l nhng vn ang gy tranh ci trong x hi hin ti c lin
quan ti ti (v d nh ti sao li xy ra khng hong kinh t, trch nhim thuc v ai?) v nhng
cuc tho lun si ni ca nhng sinh vin cng hc di s ch dn, "lo li" ca nhm ph trch cng
s gip ca ging vin trong nhng lc "hc ba", nhng lc m cuc tranh ci c nguy c i vo
ng ct. Sau bui hc, nhm sinh vin ph trch ti hm s nhn c s nhn xt ca nhng
sinh vin hc cng v ca ging vin: u im, khuyt im ca c nhm, cch trnh by v nhng

gp qu gi cho thuyt trnh ca tng thnh vin nhm. im s sau s c cn nhc v cng
b vo cui hc k.
Nh vy m cc sinh vin c tip xc v lm vic vi nhiu sinh vin t nhiu nc khc nhau, hc
cch tip nhn v trao i kin, tho lun v trnh by mt vn cng nh thc trch nhim ca
tng thnh vin i vi c nhm. Nhng bui hc nh vy m sinh ng hn, nhng s kin x hi
c em ra phn tch, m x v ai cng nhn ra rng: L thuyt c th gip ta gii thch nhng g
ang din ra trong thc t, ci hay l cch vn dng n tm ra cch gii thch khoa hc nht.
V quan trng hn na: c th hc v lm vic vi bt c ai sau ny trong cng vic, trnh by kin
v nh gi mi vic mt cch khch quan, rng lng v chp nhn tham kho nhng kin, con
ngi khc nhau lm giu cho nhn thc ca chnh mnh!
Ci hay th 6: Du lch, du lch v du lch!!!!
Ai bo bn cuc i sinh vin du hc ch c hc v lm? Du lch chu u cng l iu v cng hay ho
m sinh vin du hc c th tranh th trong nhng lc ngh hc k hay k ngh cui tun. Khng hong
kinh t vn cn trng k eo bm bn? i du lch bn ny th bn ko cn phi c iu kin kh gi
mi c th i c, ch cn bn tit kim 1 cht thi...
u c nhiu cnh tranh v phng tin giao thng ln c s h tng tuyt vi nh cc nc pht
trin th i du lch s cng r hn . Cho cc ti tin khc nhau th bn c th tm thy cc gi du
lch, thng vng h cm cho cc loi khch hng khc nhau. Bn c th l du khch lang thang vi
chic balo, tro tu chm, ng trong nhng phng tr rng vi chc chic ging vi gi ch vi 1
m; bn cng c th t gi du lch i xe but ti v v, trn gi c khch sn, nhng khi ti a im
du lch th bn t i khm ph ring; bn li c th t Last Minute vi gi r khng b ti nhng nc
tai ting ko tt i vi ngnh du lch (v d Hy Lp!) m ngh rng hay bin c tun tri rng r ch
vi gi tin bng 1-2 ngy nhng lc bnh thng. Hay l bn ko thch nhc u nhc c t tm ti v
chng c thi gian canh gi r? Thay vo bn c iu kin theo nhng Tour trn gi, vy th ch 1
c in thoi ti vn phng du lch l ! Bn s c phc v tn ni!
Ngay c khi bn ch l sinh vin, bn vn c th tit kim i du lch, tu xe ko t ti ni phi mt
c thng lng mi c th chi tr, nht l bn c th mua v r nu t trc di ngy v s dng
nhng khuyn mi ca nh tu hay cc hng my bay.
Cch du lch r nht v vui nht: ti thm bn b c dt i thm th khp ni, c nghe nhng
iu th v ko phi du khch no cng c nghe v c giao lu, trao i nhng iu tai nghe mt
thy, c kt ni v tm hiu, ng vi ngha "i 1 ngy ng, hc 1 sng khn" nh!!!
Nc c c mt nn vn ha lu i v a dng
+Gio dc: T l bit c, bit vit: 99% trn tng s dn.
Gio dc bt buc i vi la tui t 6 n 15. Gio dc do chnh ph cc bang kim sot.
H thng gio dc thuc v trch nhim ca tng tiu bang nhng c phi hp qua hi ngh lin
bang ca cc b trng vn ha.
Ty theo tiu bang, tt c tr em u c ngha v phi hc t 9 n 12 nm. Trong khi mt s bang
chng trnh ph thng ch ko di 12 nm, th cc bang khc ti nhng 13 nm. Sau khi tt nghip
bc trung hc (lp 10), thanh nin c c nhiu s la chn. H c th hc ngh cc trng dy
ngh, hay hc ht ph thng ly bng Abitur (tng ng vi bng tt nghip ph thng Vit
Nam). Sau Abitur h c th chn hc tip trng i hc (Universitt hay Hochschule) hay trng i
hc thc hnh (Fachhochschule).
+ Nc c c nn hi ha pht trin. Trong s nhng ngh s c quan trng nht trong thi k Phc
Hng phi k n Albrecht Altdorfer, Lucas Cranach Gi, Matthias Grnewald v ngi ni ting nht
ca thi y l Albrecht Drer. Nhng ngh s khc c ting trn th gii l Caspar David Friedrich ca
thi k Lng mn, nh ha s Siu thc Max Ernst v Joseph Beuys.
+ Trong lnh vc m nhc nc c sn sinh ra rt nhiu nh son nhc c ting trn th gii m ni
ting nht l Johann Sebastian Bach v Ludwig van Beethoven. Nhng nh son nhc khc c tm c
th gii l Johannes Brahms, Johann Jakob Froberger, Christoph Willibald Gluck, George Frideric Handel,
E.T.A. Hoffmann, Felix Mendelssohn, Johann Pachelbel, Johann Joachim Quantz, Max Reger, Heinrich
Schtz, Robert Schumann, Richard Strauss, Georg Philipp Telemann, Richard Wagner, Carl Maria von
Weber, Karl Friedrich Abel, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Johann Christian Bach.
c l mt quc gia c nn m nhc hin i thuc vo hng sng ng v a dng nht chu u,
nhng nhc vit bng ting c th li khng c th trng ln bn ngoi lnh th cc nc ni ting
ny (c, o, Thy S). Cc ngh s c ni ting th gii thng sng tc nhc bng ting Anh, tiu

biu nh nhm pop Modern Talking hay nhm power-metal Helloween. Ngoi l c nhm nhc "metal
nhy" (Tanz-metal) Rammstein - cc bi ht ca nhm t 1995 n nay phn ln c sng tc bng
ting c v l "hng xut khu" chnh ca lng nhc ting c ra nc ngoi.
+ Vn hc ting c c t thi k Trung c vi cc tc gi nh Walther von der Vogelweide v Wolfram
von Eschenbach. Bi ca Nibelung (tc gi v danh) cng l mt ng gp quan trng trong vn hc
c. Cc tc gi c c coi l quan trng nht bao gm Johann Wolfgang von Goethe v Friedrich
Schiller cng nh Heinrich Heine v Anh em nh Grimm; trong th k 20 l nhng ngi ot Gii
thng Nobel v vn hc Thomas Mann (1929), Hermann Hesse (1946), Heinrich Bll (1972) v Gnter
Grass (1999). Cc tc gi c tm quan trng khc l Bertolt Brecht v Hans Magnus Enzensberger.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels,
Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche v Martin Heidegger thuc vo nhng nh trit hc c nh
hng nhiu nht.
n thc ung nc c v cng phong ph, a s c trng hay c sn xut ngay ti nh.
Nhng ba n kt hp gia tht p nhiu th gia v vi c mui km vi rau v thng c bng ru
vang hay bia l nhng mn khoi khu ca ngi c.
Mc d k thut bp nc ca ngi c xoay quanh cc mn tht b v tht cu, nhng gi y
ngy cng c nhiu nh hng n chay trn khp nc c. Ngi c cng n mt cht nhng mn n
chi gia cc ba n chnh khi h i bng v thnh thong cng t chc tic tng cho thm phn rm
r.
nhng vng khc nhau th cng mt loi mn n li c nhng cch nu nng khc nhau. Trong mt
nh hng Bavaria, bn khng th ku mt mn ng nh mn bn tng n min bc SchleswigHolstein, nhng c hai u ng nm th.
c c trn 200 loi Wurst, tc l xc xch lm t tht b, tht ln, c heo, m tc, gia v v bt c ri.
Mi vng li c mt loi xc xch ring ca mnh, t loi xc xch trng ca Bavaria vi rau mi ty v
hnh cho n xc xch Chipolata nng trn than hng.
Bnh huyt, tht g ct thnh ming ph vn bnh m, nhng lt tht b v tht hu, c nc bt t
bin Bc xng khi v mui chua, bp ci mui, mn salt khoai ty gi l Kartoffelsalat, bp ci
p gia v, cn nm th mc khp mi ni trong nc v c ch bin theo mi cch.
mt s vng, nht l Baden-Wttermberg, Moselle, Frankfurt v Bavaria, ngi ta c bit quan tm
n cht lng thc phm. y cng l nhng vng sn xut ru vang. Nhng c sn a phng
y gm c ln, xp mn v rau, c lc ti Hamburg; mn Hoppel Poppel, trng p lt vi khoai
ty v tht xng khi Berlin; heo sa v gi heo quay Bavaria; tht xng khi n vi bnh m
Pumpernickel Westphalia; c luc hoc chin c ph vn bnh m, c bit l c tr sng Donau gn
Passau; xc xch cc kiu Nurnberg; nc xt rau xanh vi tht heo bm hoc tht b Frankfurt.
Mt s thng cnh du lch ca c:
Ta chnh Bremen (Bremen)/ Sanssouci, Potsdam (Brandenburg)
Cng Brandenburg (Berlin) /Dresden (Sachsen)
Bodensee (Baden-Wrttemberg)/ Lu i Hohenschwangau (Bayern)
Lu i Linderhof (Bayern)/Lu i Neuschwanstein (Bayern)
Phn ln cc ngy l c u bt ngun t cc ngy l ca gio hi ging nh l Ging Sinh v l
Phc Sinh. Trong khi ngy quc khnh v ngy 1/5 c quy nh r trong lut lin bang l ngy l ca
ton quc, th nhng ngy l cn li u do lut ca mi tiu bang t quy nh ring.
Nhng ngy l quan trng c:
* Ngy u nm mi (ngy 1 thng 1)
* Ngy th Su tun thnh (trc l Phc sinh)
* Ngy th Hai Phc Sinh
* Ngy Lao ng 1/5
* Ngy l thng thin

* Ngy l hin xung

* Ngy ca Thng nht c (3/10)
* S kin Ging sinh 24/12 khng phi l mt ngy ngh l. Nhng cc ca hng ng ca vo bui
chiu, cc hot ng cho ngy l c th bt u.
* Ngy Ging sinh v ngy l tng qu (25 v 26/12) l ngy ngh l.
Bn cnh cc ngy l chnh ton lin bang, c cn c cc l hi a phng. C nhng l hi din
ra vi quy m ln thu ht hng triu ngi tham gia v mc ni ting vt ra khi bin gii nc
c.
Thng hai l thng ca Carnival, ti mi thnh ph ca c hu nh c t chc cc ba tic ln v diu
hnh. Mc d trn thc t, mt vi l hi carnival c t chc t thng 11 nm trc, nhng nh
im ca cc l hi ny ch din ra vo thng Hai. Nhng thnh ph ni ting vi cc l hi carnival l
Aachen, Cologne, Dusseldorf, Mainz, Munich hay Muenster.
Thng ba l thi im khi u ca ma xun v cui ma ng, v vy c nhiu l hi v cc s kin.
Berlin, c l hi ma xun qun Spandau, mt l hi dnh cho tr em. Munich, t chc l hi bia
mnh, mt loi bia truyn thng, c nng mnh t 7,5% tr ln.
Trong thng T, thi im t chc cc l hi quan trng nht lin quan ti ma xun. Ti Frankfurt,
Hamburg v Munich c nhiu hi ch ma xun, trong khi Dresden l ni din ra Lin hoan phim v
tun l Khiu v quc t. Nhng s kin quan trng nht c t chc trong thng ny l L Phc sinh,
c t chc 46 ngy sau ngy u tin ma n chay ca Thin Cha gio. Ngi c c nhiu phong
tc trong l Phc Sinh nh trang tr nhng qu trng Phc Sinh, cu Phc Sinh, th Phc Sinh, Ngn la
Phc sinh v nhng th khc.
Thng Nm c y cc s kin thng nin, cc l hi ma Xun v ma H v nhiu l hi m
nhc. Trong thng ny, nc c tht s p, y sc mu v nhng a im th v tham quan.
S kin quan trng nht l L hi ma Xun Munich,Lin hoan Bodensee trn h Constance ti
Friedrichshafen, cc l hi m nhc Dresden.
Thng Su l hi c bao gm l hi m nhc v cc s kin th thao. L hi m nhc quan trng
nht l lin hoan nhc Rock am Ring ln v Rock am Park v l hi m nhc c in ti Dresden. Trong
thng ny, tun l Keil s din ra. y l s kin th thao thuyn bum quan trng nht trn th gii,
ng thi l l hi ma h ln ti min Bc nc c, mt trong nhng l hi nc ln nht v c
ngha nht ti chu u ni c s tham gia ca khng ch cc tu dn s, thuyn bum v m c cc
tu chin nhng tu tham gia cuc tp trn hi qun hng nm mang tn Baltops.
Hot ng chnh ca tun l Kiel l cuc ua thuyn bum vi s tham gia ca khong 4.500 cc vn
ng vin trn 2.000 chic thuyn bum n t 50 quc gia trn th gii.
Thng By cng l thi gian ca nhng l hi m nhc, nhiu l hi trong s lun m ca cho n
tt c mi ngi tham gia nh Lin hoan m nhc Rheinkultur Bonn, lin hoan nhc pop Schlagermove,
Zeltfestival Hamburg v lin hoan Das Karlsruhe. Thng ny cng si ng vi cc l hi ma h v
l hi ru vang.
Thng Tm ph bin vi cc l hi bia, ru vang v l hi sn khu. vng Mosel v Rhine, cc l hi
ru vang thu ht nhiu khch tham quan. Cc thnh ph Stuttgart, Hamburg, Mainz, Frankfurt hay
Aachen l nhng im n ni ting cho ngi thch bia. Mt trong nhng l hi quan trng nht trong
thng ny l l hi bia Berlin, cng ging nh Oktoberfest, nhng khc vng.
Vo thng Chn, cc l hi ru vang, bia v m nhc vn tip tc. Cc l hi m nhc hp dn nht l
Lin hoan Beethoven Bonn, Lin hoan ma Thu Alstadt ti Dusseldorf, lin hoan m nhc Berlin v
lin hoan nhc Jazz Potsdam.
Trong nhng ngy cui thng Chn, l hi Oktoberfest, mt trong nhng l hi ni ting nht nc c,
bt u khai mc Munich. Nhiu ngi n vi l hi ny ch vi mong mun c thng thc nhng
loi bia ngon, c bit ch c a ra gii thiu trong dp l hi. L hi Oktoberfest kt thc vo u
thng Mi.
Cui cng trong hai thng 11 v thng 12 hng nm l thi im si ng vi khng kh ma Ging
Sinh
Th ch chnh tr: Cng ha Lin bang
* Hin php: 23/5/1949, gi l Lut c s, tr thnh Hin php ca nc c thng nht ngy
3/10/1990.
* C quan lp php: Lng vin bao gm:
+Quc hi Lin bang hay Bundestag: thng c 656 gh, nhng nhim k nm 1998 l 669 gh, bu
c theo phiu ph thng, mt ng phi thng 5% trong cuc bu c quc gia hoc 3 ngh s c
i din, ngh s lm nhim k 4 nm.
+Hi ng Lin bang hay Bundesrat 69 gh, cc tiu bang c i din trc tip bng cc l phiu,
mi bang c t 3 n 6 phiu ph thuc vo dn s

* C quan hnh php: + Nguyn th quc gia l tng thng lin bang vi nhim v i din. Tng
thng do Hi ng lin bang v s i c tri bng nhau ca cc bang bu ra, nhim k 5 nm.
+ ng u Chnh ph: l th tng lin bang, ngi c thm quyn quyt nh ng li chnh tr
ca chnh ph lin bang. Th tng do Ngh vin lin bang bu ra.
* C quan t php: Ta n Hin php Lin bang c ti Karlsruhe gim st vic tun th hin php.
Cc ta n ti cao ca c l Ta n Lin bang (Bundesgerichtshof) vi tr s chnh ti Karlsruhe, Ta
n Hnh chnh Lin bang ti Leipzig, Ta n Lao ng Lin bang ti Erfurt, Ta n X hi Lin bang ti
Kassel v Ta n Ti chnh Lin bang ti Mnchen. Cc ta n lin bang gn nh lun lun l ta n
khng co thng thm v xem xt cc cc quyt nh ca ta n tiu bang theo tnh hp php v
hnh thc v ni dung.
* Ch bu c: H thng bu c hin hnh ca Cng ha Lin bang c l s kt hp gia ch
bu c theo i din t l vi cc yu t ca h thng bu c theo a s trong vic phn chia gh
Quc hi.
Cc ngh s ca Quc hi c c bu theo nguyn tc: ph thng, trc tip, t do, bnh ng v b
mt. Ph thng c ngha l cc cng dn t trn 18 tui tr ln u c quyn bu c.
* Cc ng phi ln: Lin minh Dn ch C c c (CDU), Lin minh X hi Thin cha gio (CSU),
ng Dn ch X hi c (SPD), ng Dn ch T do (FDP), ng Xanh...
c l mt trong nhng nc cng nghip pht trin nht th gii, ng th 4 th gii sau M, Nht
Bn v Trung Quc v tng sn phm quc ni (GDP), ng th hai th gii v xut khu. Nn kinh t
c vn c coi l u tu li ko c on tu EU.
Nm 2009, kinh t c st gim 5% do nh hng nng n ca cuc khng hong ti chnh v suy
thoi kinh t ton cu, c bit l i vi lnh vc xut khu v u t, vn c coi l ng lc tng
trng chnh ca kinh t c. Xut khu st gim 14,7% trong khi nhp khu cng gim 8,9%, u
t sn xut kinh doanh gim 20%. y l ln u tin kinh t c suy gim trong vng 6 nm qua
(nm 2003 gim 0,2%) v l mc suy gim ti t nht k t Chin tranh Th gii th II n nay.
T l tht nghip ca c trong nm 2009 tng 8,2%, tng ng vi 3,42 triu ngi, tng 155
nghn ngi so vi nm 2008 v lm pht l 0,3%.
Chnh ph ra nhng bin php kch thch kinh t pht trin thng qua vic ci thin th trng
lao ng, n nh ngn sch, thc y thng mi, gim t l tht nghip; tng cc khon tin u t
ln ti 25 t euro (29 t USD); cng nh nhng bin php c th nhm khuyn khch sinh tng
dn s, to thm vic lm v ku gi cc bang cng nh gii doanh nghip tng cng u t vo
nghin cu khoa hc.
* V Cng nghip: Cng nghip chim 26,8% GDP v thu ht 29,7% lc lng lao ng.
- Sn phm cng nghip chnh: St v st, thp, than , xi mng, ha cht, my mc, xe c, c
gii, in t, kim loi, ha cht, than non, tu bin, my xy dng, thc phm v ung, hng dt
may, du m.
* V Nng nghip: Nng nghip chim 0,9% GDP v thu ht 2,5% lc lng lao ng, c t chc
theo m hnh trang tri v sn xut ra mt lng sn phm vt cu.
- Sn phm nng nghip chnh: Ng, la m, hoa qu, c ci ng, nho, sa, khoai ty, yn mch, ht
c du.
* V Dch v: Tng gi tr lnh vc dch v chim 72,3% GDP v thu ht 67,8% lc lng lao ng.
* V Ngoi thng:
Cng ha Lin bang c l mt nc c quan h kinh t i ngoi pht trin. Nn kinh t ph thuc
rt mnh vo ngoi thng. Quan h thng mi ca c tp trung ch yu vo th trng chu u.
Kim ngch hai chiu vi khu vc ny chim t 65% n 70% tng kim ngch xut nhp khu ca c.
- Xut khu: 1.159 t USD (nm 2009).
+ Cc mt hng xut khu chnh: My mc, xe c, ho cht, kim loi, len v sn phm dt.
+ Cc bn hng xut khu ch yu: Php (10,2%), Anh (6,6%), M (6,7%), Italy (6,3%), H Lan (6,7%),
B (5,5%), o (6%), Trung Quc (4,5%), Thy S (4,4%) (nm 2009).

- Nhp khu: 966,9 t USD (nm 2009).

+ Cc mt hng nhp khu chnh: My mc, xe c, ho cht, len dt v kim loi.
+ Cc bn hng nhp khu ch yu: Php (8,3%), H Lan (12,7%), Italy (5,88%), M (4,25%), B
(7,19%), Anh (4,76%), o (4,55%), Trung Quc (6,89%), Thy S (4,07) (nm 2009).
c l mt trong nhng nc cng nghip pht trin nht th gii, ng th 4 th gii sau M, Nht
Bn v Trung Quc v tng sn phm quc ni (GDP), ng th hai th gii v xut khu. Nn kinh t
c vn c coi l u tu li ko c on tu EU.
Nm 2009, kinh t c st gim 5% do nh hng nng n ca cuc khng hong ti chnh v suy
thoi kinh t ton cu, c bit l i vi lnh vc xut khu v u t, vn c coi l ng lc tng
trng chnh ca kinh t c. Xut khu st gim 14,7% trong khi nhp khu cng gim 8,9%, u
t sn xut kinh doanh gim 20%. y l ln u tin kinh t c suy gim trong vng 6 nm qua
(nm 2003 gim 0,2%) v l mc suy gim ti t nht k t Chin tranh Th gii th II n nay.
T l tht nghip ca c trong nm 2009 tng 8,2%, tng ng vi 3,42 triu ngi, tng 155
nghn ngi so vi nm 2008 v lm pht l 0,3%.
Chnh ph ra nhng bin php kch thch kinh t pht trin thng qua vic ci thin th trng
lao ng, n nh ngn sch, thc y thng mi, gim t l tht nghip; tng cc khon tin u t
ln ti 25 t euro (29 t USD); cng nh nhng bin php c th nhm khuyn khch sinh tng
dn s, to thm vic lm v ku gi cc bang cng nh gii doanh nghip tng cng u t vo
nghin cu khoa hc.
du hc c cng l du h
Du hc c hp dn khng ch bi du hc sinh c min hc ph m cn c tha sc tri nghim
cuc sng v vn ha chu u nu bit t ch.
Vit Nam, ngi c thng c nhc n rng ri l mt dn tc u t nhng kh chi.
Nguyn nhn c vin dn l ngi c kh khan, cng nhc v k lut qu mc. Ngc li, trong
mt nhng ngi tng i hc c v, tnh t miu t ngi c ngoi kh khan, k lut cn l
chn thnh v tt bng.
Ngi c trc lnh lng, sau tt bng
Ch Thanh H, cu du hc sinh c, k rng: Nh nhiu ngi, mnh gp ngi c vi n tng ban
u l h rt lnh lng. Th nhng sau mt thi gian quen bit, c bit khi thn thit ri th ngi
c rt nhit tnh, tt bng v ng tin cy. V tt nhin, h rt gii.
Tuy nhin, trc khi tm thy mt ngi c tt bng v nhit tnh, SV n c hc cn tun th ng
nhng quy tc ca dn tc ny. Anh Trn Thanh Danh, tng hc ti TP Bochum, hin l ph trch v y
t v gio dc ti Vit Nam ca Hi H tr Ph n v Thanh nin Vit Nam (Vifi) ti CHLB c, cho bit:
c, ch cn bn tr hn 5 pht cng lm ngi ch bn cm thy kh chu ri. Nhng SV tng
hc v sng c cng khuyn rng trc khi tr thnh bn b thn thit, ngi c khng thch
nhng ai qu vn v hoc s sng.
Mt bui d ngoi ca SV VN ti c. Mt thnh vin trong nhm d ngoi cho bit: Bn mnh i li
cc nc m khng cn visa m chi ph li rt thp. Mi chuyn i nh vy lun li trong mi ngi
nhng k nim kh qun.
D dng lm thm
SV hc ti c c iu kin trang tri vic n hn SV cc nc khc do chnh sch lm thm dnh
cho SV kh thng thong. SV c th lm part-time 180 ngy/nm hoc ton thi gian 90 ngy/nm.
Mt s SV Vit Nam ch nh lm thm cng c th trang tri sinh hot ph v khng phi xin tin gia
nh bi hc ph c hu nh c min. Nhng chnh c hi lm thm v kim c thu nhp d

dng i khi khin vic lm thm ca SV ti c tr nn qu cm d v thm ch nh hng xu n

vic hc.
Rt cm d, mt mt khc, i lm thm l mt tri nghim m t du hc sinh no b l. Theo c
Minh, cu du hc sinh c, hin lm vic ti Cc Lnh s B Ngoi giao Vit Nam: Lm thm rt hay.
N tng mang li cho ti khng nhng gi tr kinh t v cn gip ti sng trng thnh hn, c thm
nhiu mi quan h tt. Cng theo Minh, ngi c rt coi trng nhng ai ni tt ting c. i lm
thm s h tr cc du hc sinh thc hnh giao tip vi ngi c v ci thin ting c r rt.
C hi i du lch khp chu u
c, ngoi vic l mt nc vi an ninh x hi tt, ngi ngoi quc ng, ha hp, khng phn bit
chng tc, cn l ni du lch v thm th ni ting. CHLB c l mt trong by quc gia c dy Alps
chy qua. Trn dy ni cao nht chu u vi quanh nm tuyt ph ny, bn c th trt tuyt hay cm
tri. H thng giao thng cng cng u vit ca c s gip SV d dng di chuyn gia cc TP trn
khp nc c.
Bn c th n thm nhng TP du lch nh Berlin trung tm vn ha, khoa hc quan trng ca chu
u vi nhng bo tng v nh ht ni ting; hoc bn c th n Frankfurt TP ca Hi ch sch
Frankfurt n nay c 500 nm tui hoc Hamburg TP cng, ni pht sinh ra tn gi ca mn
hamburger ni ting ton cu. Thm na, chnh sch min visa ca Lin minh chu u s a SV n
gn hn vi nhng kinh vn ha khng ch ca c m cn c chu u.
c cn l t nc ca rt nhiu l hi c o. Ti Wave Gotik Treffen L hi thi trang Gothic, cc
tn ca Gothic trn khp chu u t tp v TP Leipzig v bin TP ny tr thnh TP bng ti trong
nhng ngy l hi vi cc kiu thi trang kinh d v huyn b; L hi m nhc Sound of Franfurt th li
l mt dp khng th b qua ca nhng ngi tr tui, n ko theo khong 3 triu ngi ti TP ny mi
dp ma thu Rt c trng ca nc c l L hi bia Oktoberfest ti Munich vi gn 200 nm lch s
vn cha bao gi gi ci v km ng.
Vy cn ch g na, hy n Munich du hc vo thng 10 v hp mt ngm bia ng ca t nc
nm tri tim chu u.
Ti sao c li l mt im n ca du hc?
Theo mnh c 3 l do: cht lng, chi ph v con ngi.
V cht lng: c l nc c nn gio dc hng u th gii, cnh trnh trc tip vi cc nc ni
ting Anh (UK, U.S., Australia). Trong danh sch cc trng top 400 v top 700 th gii, s lng cc
trng c rt ln, ch ng sau Hoa K v UK. Tuy phn ln cc kha hc ging dy bng ting c
nhng hin ti cng ngy cng c nhiu kha master bng ting Anh ti cc trng c. y l mt
bin php quc t ha nn gio dc c. c rt mnh v mng k thut, tuy nhin kinh t v ti
chnh cng ng trong top u th gii khi m nn kinh t ca c l u tu khi EU, ng th t th
gii. Trng i hc Humboldt chnh l hnh mu ca gio dc i hc hin i trn ton th gii v c
nh hng rt ln ln Harvard.
V chi ph: cc trng i hc ti c hu ht u l trng cng, c nh nc ti tr 90% chi ph.
Do vy, hc ph ti y rt r, dao ng trong khong 0 700 euro/hc k, ph bin mc 500 eur/hc
k. Nh vy vi mt kha thc s 4 semesters (2 nm), hc ph thng thng ch khong 2000 eur (55
triu VND). Chi ph n dao ng trong khong 5000 8000 eur/nm. Nh vy vi 300 400 triu

VND, bn hon ton c th theo hc mt kha hc ng cp quc t. So snh vi mc trung bnh 700
1000 triu/kha ti UK v trn 1 t ng ti Hoa K v Australia cho 1 kha master, y l mt li th
cc ln.
V con ngi: Vn ha c c rt nhiu v p, trong ni bt l c tnh k lut v s chnh xc.
chnh l nhng th Vit Nam rt thiu. Ngoi ra, khng ai c th phn i cht lng ca bia v xc
xch c.
Nn theo hc ti c bng ting Anh hay ting c (da trn mt bi vit TTVNOL Credits to
author)
Hc bng ting Anh ( Bachelor, Master)
- u: Thi gian chun b nhanh, khng phi u t hc ting c. Rt thun li cho nhng ai c sn
vn ting Anh, khng c nhiu thi gian chun b hoc xc nh s v nc sau khi tt nghip. Hn
na trong qu trnh hc bn ny vn c th bi dng thm ting c mu cu nhng d nh khc
sau khi tt nghip.
- Nhc: Kh ha nhp vo cuc sng x hi ca h, t cc kha hc bng ting Anh v nhng kha
ca cc trng ln th kh xin c admission (Zulassung). Cht lng hc th mnh ngh s khng
th bng c cc kha ting c do 2 yu t:
+ Ting anh vi bn thn cc professors cng l ngoi ng nn kh nng truyn t b hn ch, nht l
vi cc tutor th cng th thm.
+ Cc sch v gio trnh u t cc nh xut bn ln ti Anh, M (Oxford, McGraw-Hill) th nn
ng nhin l mnh s khng th tip cn c vi nhng g gi l tinh ty ca nc c thng qua
kho sch v gio trnh ca h. y l mt thit thi rt ln nht l cho nhng ai hc k thut
V hin nhin l c hi kim c partime job l rt nh nu bn ch bit ting Anh cng thm c
hi xin c vic sau khi tt nghip cng khng ln hn l my. Nu tnh k ra cha chc hn
hc bng ting c nu so snh v mt chi ph trong trng hp bn l mt ngi chu kh v nng
ng.
2) Hc bng ting c:
- Nhc: tn nhiu thi gian v chi ph. Nu v nc lm vic th c hi s dng ting c trong
cng vic l nh.
- u: Tt c cc nhc im ca hc ting Anh bn trn l u im ca hng i ny.
APS l g v lm g?
APS l mt b phn thuc Phng lnh s v th thc ca i s qun c ti H Ni. APS thm tra liu
sinh vin xin du hc c p ng c cc iu kin c bn nhp hc i hc ti c, ng thi thm
tra cc chng ch hc tp.

Sau khi thm tra, nu sinh vin t y cc yu cu s c APS cp cho mt chng ch hay mt
giy chng nhn (cho cc kha hc thun ty ngh thut). Chng ch hay chng nhn ny l mt
trong nhng iu kin bt buc c nhp hc ti mt trng i hc ca c. Cc
chng ch v giy chng nhn c hiu lc v thi hn.
Nhng ngi xin du hc nhn c mt hc bng t cng qy ca CHLB c (v d nh ca DAAD
hoc t Qu ca mt T chc chnh tr c) hay ca B Gio dc v o to Vit Nam MOET v
c chuyn gia c la chn Vit Nam, v sinh vin sang c du hc trc ngy 30/04/2007 mang
th thc i du hc khng cn thng qua APS.
APS thm tra ci g?
APS khng nh, liu sinh vin xin du hc c p ng c cc iu kin c bn nhp hc i hc ti
c hay khng bng cch:
1. thm tra tnh xc thc ca cc giy t m sinh vin np
2. kim tra liu sinh vin c p ng cc iu kin ng k i hc c v
3. mi sinh vin n phng vn.
Mi cuc phng vn s ko di khong 20 pht (10 pht cho lm bi tp 10 pht phng vn vi 2
gio s ca cc trng i hc ti c), sinh vin s c hi v kin thc trong qu trnh hc i hc
trc ca mnh, l do la chn c, nhng s chun b ca sinh vin cho n hin ti. Nh vy APS
thm tra xem kin thc ca sinh vin c ph hp vi cc chng ch m sinh vin a ra hay khng.
Cuc phng vn s c tin hnh bng ting c hoc ting Anh ty theo nguyn vng ca sinh vin.
y khng phi l mt cuc thi ngoi ng. Tuy nhin sinh vin phi kh nng giao tip vi nhng
ngi phng vn v cc mn mnh hc, c ngha ti thiu nn c trnh s cp lai gii v phi c
mt vn t chuyn ngnh c bn.
Nu kt qu thm tra tt, sinh vin s nhn c 10 chng ch bn gc. Vi cc chng ch ny sinh
vin c th lm th tc xin nhp hc ti cc trng i hc c v sau khi c giy nhp hc ca mt
trng i hc, sinh vin c th np n xin cp th thc ti i s qun c ti H Ni hoc Tng lnh
s qun c ti TP H Ch Minh. Nu cn thm chng ch sinh vin c th lm n xin cp ti APS.
Th tc ca APS v c bn din ra nh sau:
1. Thm tra h s (cc loi giy t xin xem ti website ca SQ c)
2. Phng vn (ch i vi Th tc APS Thng thng)
3. Cp chng ch hoc giy chng nhn
Tip theo :
4. Xin hc ti cc trng i hc c

5. Xin cp th thc ti i s qun c hoc Tng lnh s qun c ti TP H Ch Minh (Thi gian lm
th tc th thc: khong 4 tun)
Cc cuc phng vn din ra hai k mi nm vo thng 11 v thng 5. Chm nht l trong thng 8 hoc
thng 2 phi np hoc gi h s qua ng bu in cho APS.
i vi cc th tc khng km phng vn, h s c th np bt k lc no, khng c thi hn.

APS c cc mc no?
C 2 cp: Erfolgreich (t) v Nicht Erfolg (khng t)
Trong Erfolgreich chia lm 5 cp:
Sehr gute Kenntnisse (Very Good Knowledge)
Gute Kenntnisse (Good knowledge)
Befriedigen Kenntnisse (Satisfactory Knowledge)
Geringe Kenntnisse (Limited Knowledge)
Sehr Geringe Kenntnisse (Very Limited Knowledge)
Ni chung nu mun chn trng n th nn t mc Befriedigen hoc Gute tr ln.
Kinh nghim n thi APS?
Thi APS c 2 phn: mt bi tp lin quan n chuyn ngnh ca mnh, lm trong tm 10 pht, sau
s l phn phng vn. Tht xu h l mnh hon ton khng chun b g. L do cn bn l nhn
admission ca mt trng mnh thch ti B nn t thi APS ny ch coi l thi c xt (v np tin
trc khi c bo nhn admission ca trng bn B). Tuy nhin, mt s kinh nghim ca bn b mnh
i vi vic thi APS sau khi tt nghip c nhn:
n thi cc mn c trong bng im (tm 50 mn), tp trung vo cc mn chuyn ngnh, c s ngnh.
Ch yu s dng google v Wikipedia hc thut ng, khi nimMt s cng thc quan trng cn
phi nh, v d trong Finance th cn ch trng n cc cng thc ca Ti tr d n, Phn tch ti chnh
doanh nghip v Qun tr ngn hng.
Nhiu kh nng cc gio s s nhn vo mn thp nht v cao nht ca bng im ca mnh hi.
Hy chun b sn cc cu tr li cho cc cu hi chung chung:
Introduce yourself, your family, your previous study

Why you choose Germany?

How can you find enough financial means for your study?
Which university have you chosen? What do you know about it?

Kh nng cao mt vi cu tr li ca mnh s dn dt ti mt s cu hi kh hn t cc professors.

Cc professor c th s hi thm mt bi tp na trong lc phng vn.
Mt im c bit cn lu l tuy rng kt qu hc tp l mt phn khng th thiu ca thm tra APS,
tuy nhin n khng nh hng n kt qu Zertifikat ca mnh. Nu im qu thp th c th cc gio
s s hi ti sao, ch cn mnh a ra l do hp tai l OK (tham gia cc hot ng x hi, gia nh c s
kin c bit, hoc im s thp l do nm 1 nm 2 ti cha thc s nhn ra nh hng ngh nghip
v nim am m, nhng im nm 3 nm 4 th rt kh quan).
Vo ngy thi APS?!
Mnh c hn thi APS ti Bch Khoa vo 13h ngy 9/5/2012. C bui sng i ra ngn hng gii quyt
1 s vic, khng ng mt qu nhiu thi gian, n 12h40 mi phi nh bay t Ng Quyn ra u i C
Vit khng kp n tra. n ni va ng y bon 1h, ng k vi mt thy ngi sn ri ngi th.
Qun c mang bt vi my tnh. Ngi ch ln lt, khong 10 15 pht li c 1 bn c gi vo, s
ngi ngi bn ngoi vi dn n khi cn mi mnh mnh. Th l n 2h30 mnh mi bt u vo thi,
cht cui ngy hm .
Vo phng mt ri, mnh c mt ng professor cao v khng qu bo (nghe ni c 1 bc rt bo)
a cho mt bi tp, ni dung tnh Present Values ca 3 la chn tr tin. D ch ngha tr thy c
ht nhng mnh vn thy bt ng v ny d hn mnh tng rt rt nhiu, v d hc dt nh b
nhng PV mnh hc trong vi ba mn, in hnh nh Ti tr d n v Qun tr ngn hng nn cn
nh r. Bi tp lm tng i n, tha kh nhiu thi gian ngi chi trong phng, ngh v b ch Mai
cm n thi tn 50 mn. Ngoi ra phi cp n l trong phng c y giy nhp bt bi bt
ch thc k thc o compa my tnh ty t in c Vit, Vit c, c Anh nn cc
bn c i ngi khng m thi cng khng sao.
Sau tm 10 pht, professor quay li v c bi mnh, gt g mt t ri mi mnh sang phng bn.
phng bn c thm 1 professor n ngi ch sn v mt bc prof bo khng khip ngi ngh gc
phng. Ni chung hai prof phng vn mnh rt thn thin. u tin l prof nam yu cu mnh introduce
yourself, your family, your characteristics ri hi mnh why you want to study in Germany? In which
university? Mnh tr li phn gii thiu bn thn ngn gn, ri ni ti tt nghip ngnh ti chnh ngn
hng, v mun hc ln cao hc c. Thc t l trong u ngh l chc ng b bit tha ti chn c
v hc ph r, nhng mm ni ra vn cc k ng yu l v vo nm 3 ti c tip cn vi mt s
tc phm trit hc ca c (Kant, ng l c c tht) v rt khm phc tr tu c. Ngoi ra th ngi
c c c tnh rt tuyt vi l disciplined, ci chnh l ci m banking system of Vietnam cn
thiu, v ti mun c cm nhn trong nn vn ha

Tip l mnh ni trng mnh chn l Uni Frankfurt, v trng ny l trng o to rt tt v

Finance v nm trung tm ti chnh ca c. Bc prof nam bi thm l y cng chnh l trung tm
v philosophy ca c. Th l bc prof n tip mt chng na, hi mnh Could you tell me how can
philosophy and the banking system can link to each other, because you said that philosophy is related
to everything? Nghe cu ny mnh ng ngi ra (lc trc ngu di khai rng b mnh l politician
v interested in philosophy, ci nim yu thch truyn qua mnh), v sau phi tng i cht
vt th hin ci link thng qua gii thch v critical thinking. Chc do cu ny m cht lng
cuc phng vn b gim st, v nghe mnh xong th bc nam bo tao chng thy c ci link no, cn
bc n th bo ti c thy . Hai bc prof ci nhiu, tuy nhin khng thy bc prof n nhn xt
ming gut, gut nh trn TTVNOL phn nh pht no m vit lin tc. Xong phn th bc prof nam
bt u cha bi, OK v bc cho 1 bi mi bng cch vit ra mt cng thc v yu cu tnh ton. Nhn
ci cng thc mnh bit chc l hc qun tr ngn hng, nhng nht thi qun mt (thc ra ch
tr cho thy), bc prof li vit qu thu nn khng th lun ra ni. Bc prof nam bit nn cng mm
mnh tr li bng cch nhy vo khai trin, sau mt hi nhn ng cui cng mnh cng ni ra c ci
t m bc y mun, chc phng vn c ngy mt, ca cui nn bc sung sng h exactly! cho
bc prof n vit vo nhn xt, sau thng bo kt thc bui phng vn v chc mnh may mn.
V nh vt ra ng vi nim tin son st l trt.
Hai ngy sau, chiu th su 11/5 c alo ca bn chuyn pht bo ln ly. Lc cng tham ma
bn TTVNOL, gi in cha chc qua nn mnh cng t tn, khng st sng ln ly lm (cng v
hm l dy 3 lp IELTS nn tng i mt).
Sng hm sau ang nhn nha lau nh th li c gi, ln ny quyt nh phi n v cm ci phong b,
anh trc vn phng bo l b to l u ri em, cn mt chng b nh trt anh ang ngi gi. Nghe anh
ni m mnh bc phong b cng thy vui tay. Gi ra, thy Gute Kenntnisse, tr mt ra nhn.
Nhiu khi, cuc i n cng u i. Tuy nhin, mnh cng nhn ra APS cng khng qu kh. Ch cn lm
ch c ngn ng, t tin khi ni, v kin thc nn vn cn in du trong u l c 70% u.Tt
nhin, mnh c Admission ri, tc l vng chn, nn tinh thn thoi mi. N rt khc vi vic ch
c mt la chn l du hc c, khi APS s p lc ging nh thi i hc vy. Nu c li khuyn, th
mnh ch xin ni l: ng b b n nh mnh, hy o b APS cn thn, bn s c Sehr Gute (nh cc
bn ca mnh, hc ht ton b cc mn trong bng im) v nu c th th nn tm thm mt k hoch
B.
Apply now for the German Federal Governments 4th Green Talents Competition
One pressing issue of high societal relevance is on the minds of young scientists all over the world:
"How to raise life quality for a growing world population without wasting resources?"
The topic of sustainable development has also been top priority for the Federal Government for many
years. Germany is spearheading in sustainability research which is why the German Federal Ministry of
Education and Research (BMBF) is now holding its fourth Green Talents Competition under the
patronage of the Federal Minister, Professor Annette Schavan.
Young international scientists working on cutting-edge projects in research fields related to sustainable
development are invited to apply for "Green Talents - The International Forum for High-Potentials in
Sustainable Development". Are you interested to become one of the 25 "Green Talents" in 2012?

Register and submit your application until 10 June 2012.

More details on: www.greentalents.de

Ti sao li l c ?
c cung cp cc chng trnh hc c cng nhn trn ton th gii, vi chi ph tng i r so vi
cc quc gia khc nh: Anh, c hoc M. Cng vi vic, hu ht cc chng trnh bc i hc ca c
vn cn min hc ph. Hn na, c cng c mt s lng hc bng kh ln dnh cho sinh vin nc
ngoi.
Sau nm hc 2006/2007, cc trng i hc ti c bt u thu hc ph i vi bc i hc, hin
ti, c 4 trn tng s 16 bang tin hnh thu mt mc hc ph khong 500 Euro cho mi hc k.
4 bang l: Baden-Wrttemberg, Bavaria, Hamburg, v Lower Saxony
Cc bang cn li khng thu hc ph m ch yu cu mt khon tin nh (tm 50 euro) nh l mt
khon ng gp.
( Bn c th xem chi tit ti: http://www.internationalestudierende.de/en/prepare_your_studies/financing/tuition_fees/)
Khng ging nh bc i hc, bc thc s c, hu ht, l thu hc ph. Mc hc ph c th giao ng
trong khong 650 n vi ngn euro mi hc k. Di y, mnh s lit k nhng hc bng dnh cho
chng trnh hc bc thc s ti c m sinh vin Vit Nam c th apply c.
1. Chng trnh hc bng DAAD:
C quan Trao i Hn Lm c (German Academic Exchange Service DAAD) cp hc bng cho sinh
vin tt nghip i hc n t cc nc ang pht trin, c nguyn vng theo hc ti cc trng
c. Hc bng ny c th l ton phn hoc bn phn (ty vo kha hc m bn apply) v l hc
bng hng nm.
Link chi tit v hc bng
DAAD: http://www.daad.de/entwicklung/studierende_und_alumni/bildung_postgradual/ast/08492.en.ht
ml
Hoc bn c th lin lc trc tip ti:
DAAD Information Center Hanoi
Vietnamesisch-Deutsches Zentrum
Trung Tam Viet Duc Hanoi University of Technology
1 Dai Co Viet Hanoi Vietnam
Phone: +84-4-38683-773, -781

Fax: +84-4-38683-772
e-mail: daad@daadvn.org Website: http://daadvn.org
2. Hc bng ca cc t chc c.
C kh nhiu t chc ti c offer hc bng cho hc sinh quc t (trong c th c Vit Nam
V d tiu biu ca loi ny l hc bng Heinrich Boll
Mi nm, t chc Heinrich Boll trao tng hc bng cho khong 1000 sinh vin i hc tt nghip v
cha tt nghip, nghin cu sinh ang hc tp v nghin cu trn tt c cc lnh vc, n t cc quc
gia cc trng i hc ca c. hc bng bao gm cc khon tr cp nh sau: 750 mi thng dnh
cho sinh vin theo hc thc s v 1000 mi thng cho sinh vin theo hc tin s.
Danh sch cc hc bng dng ny bn c th xem ti y:
http://www.studentenwerkberlin.de/en/berlin/international/timeline/vor_der_einreise_nach_deutschland/stipendien_und_finanzieru
ng/index.html
3. Hc bng Erasmus Mundus dnh cho cc chng trnh ti c
Khng phi ni nhiu v hc bng ny nh :D
Lin minh chu u c mt hc bng danh cho cc sinh vin mogn mun theo hc chng trnh Thc s
hoc Tin s n t cc quc gia ang pht trin ngoi chu u. Chng trnh hc bng ny s h tr
chi ph sinh hot, hc ph, ph x dch v cc bo him. C khong 1000 sinh vin nhn c hc bng
Erasmus Mundus mi nm, bt u t nm 2009.
y l mt trong mt s t cc hc bng ho phng vi sinh vin quc t, vi rt nhiu kha hc ti cc
quc gia ti chu u. Nm nay, nu mnh nh khng nhm th c 26 sinh vin Vit Nam dnh c hc
bng ny.
Link chi tit xem ti: http://eacea.ec.europ
[Kinh nghim] Cuc sn tm may mn ca bachelorhn
a.eu/erasmus_mundus/funding/scholarships_students_academics_en.php#1
Ngun : Blog ca Tungkelvin http://tungkelvin.wordpress.com
Nu bn tng tham gia chin trng apply hc bng cc nm 2010, 2011 trn TTVNOL th chc hn
bn s rt quen vi ci nick bachelorhn. Nm ti apply, ngy no vo TTVNOL m khng thy
bachelorhn post bi trn thread Erasmus Mundus th chc ngy hm y ma to lm:D. Gp
bachelorhn (c) ngoi i ln u ti USGuide Annual Meeting 2010, ti cm nhn c s t tin ca
c, ci rng khnh th kia chc l cc ch em iu ng lm y. Ti, c v Hng cng apply nm
, nhng c cng nh Hng nm trng tay. Nm nay c v Hng cng mt lc c my

ci hc bng lin. Th l li c c hi nhu nht cng nhau ri:-). Ti xin chia s kinh nghim ca c
di y
Hm nay, lc ny, thi im ny, ti rt vui c chia s vi cc bn v con ng sn tm hc
bng ca mnh. Mi thng tin ti sp trnh by hu ht da trn kinh nghim bn thn, do vy c th
ng/sai, ph hp/khng ph hp vi bn, nn thn trng khi p dng!!!
Cch y cha lu, ti c nghe mt cuc ni chuyn rt hay v qun tr cuc i v xin mn cu
hi th v ca din gi dnh cho cc bn How can you reach there from here?. Phn tch k hn,
trong ny c 3 cu hi nh: Bn ang u here, ch n ca bn there v Lm nh th no
reach. Vi ti, trong cuc chi sn tm hc bng th nhng cu hi trn cng ng c xem xt.
1. Bn ang u?
Bng thi gian ny 2 nm trc khi cn l SV nm cui, ti hm h tm hiu apply mt kha EM, t
tin vi GPA trn 8 mt t v vn ting Anh coi l tm c 6.5. Da trn mi quan h rt thn thit v
lu nm gia cc thy trong khoa vi coordinator kha hc ny, v mt ngi khc trc ti 4 kha c
GPA km hn nhiu m vn thnh cng => n chc sang bn nm ti. Ung dung ch i tin chin
thng, lp k hoch n chi nhy ma tri u v ri bng hong n nhn ci tin d. Tuy khng n
ni trt ci och nhng c an i vo RL ri sau cng F. Thng b vn c ngh mnh l siu nhn a
kay lm, n nhn c bi hc u tin rng i phi bit mnh l ai. Sau vi ngy tm hn treo
ngc trn cnh cy, cng chnh thng b quay ngc li phn tch mi thy b h s thiu pro
qu, thm na tinh tng khng tri thm nhiu ni => Bi hc rt ra: ng t ra nguy him nu bn
ngu ngu!
Do vy, nu em c 1 c ao, em c 1 kht khao sn hc bng th em nn bit i em l ai. Hy
trau di bn thn, trong c mt s th rt quan trng nh: GPA (rt nhiu th sn hi tic v ko quan
tm nhiu n GPA thi SV trai tr), ngoi ng (ielts hay toefl), GRE hoc GMAT nu cn, c gng m
vi bng khen, gii thng mang tnh hc thut nh NCKH, thi Olympic, vit bi bo, tham gia hi tho
uy tn v bt c ci g m bn ngh rng c th lm gi c cho bn thn mnh.
Tht l hay ho v ti tng gp nhiu ngi c quan nim: Hc bng ch dnh cho nhng ng vin
xut sc, vi profile khng, im ting Anh cao, kinh nghim y mnh v dn n t ti vi nhng g
mnh ang c trong tay. Ti xin khng nh quan nim trn l hon ton sai lm. C nhiu ng vin
thnh cng m bnh thng nh cn ng hp sa (ti 6.5 ie, 8.24 GPA, vi gii thng v hc tp v
hot ng, mt t kinh nghim lm vic). V tht tr tru thay, nhiu khng long trt trng mt,
thm ch vi nm lin tip m vn ngn ng khng bit v sao mnh trt. Khng th ph nhn ngi
gii th c hi cao hn, nhng tiu ch chn la ng vin tht s vn cn nm trong mt ci hp en
m c l ch cc ng ngi xt duyt mi bit c. Bn c gi h s i, nhiu khi thnh nhn i k kh
kh => Bi hc rt ra: Hy mnh dn u t thi gian v tin bc d bn l khng long hay h bo t
gic thn ln rn gio g .
2. ch n ca bn?
Hin nay, ch vi vi t kha scholarship, study in UK, PhD scholarship in Sweden bn s tm
c mt se-ri ng link m ch bit nn chn ci no na. Hy t t tm hiu thng tin qua internet
(din n du hc, cng thng tin hc bng), bn b v chnh xc nht t nhng ngi i trc mnh.

n lc ny, hy khn kho tm ra nhng phng n ti u v a chng vo tm ngm. Ti xc nh

sang chu u hc MSc nn c gng n c con ie 6.5, ch thm oi hoi n GRE hay GMAT g
c, ngnh ca mnh mnh nc no, trng no. Ri dn dn connect c vi anh ch ngi Vit
v ang hc bn
La chn ch n hon ton ph thuc vo s thch, kh nng, yu cu ca bn. Nh vit trn,
cng tri thm c hi cng cao (nh nh l y) nhng cn tp trung hn cho nhng mc tiu va
ming, trnh tro cao ng au!!!
3. Lm nh th no?
Trong qu trnh apply hc bng c rt nhiu th cn lm nh passport, cng chng giy t, in
application form, bng im, chng nhn tt nghip, chn hng chuyn pht nhanh nhng ti thy
kh nht l vit SOP, LOR. Do vy trong phn ny xin cp k hn v 2 mn ny, nhng mn cn li
bn c th tm hiu qua anh google hoc ngay trn box ny.
SOP hay cn c gi l LOM l mt l th gii thiu v bn thn, background ntn, hot ng ra lm
sao, nguyn vng theo hc, s ph hp vi kha hc, ng gp g cho x hi sau ny S s l
nhng ni dung chnh. Cn LOR l th ca thy, sp hay ng nghip nhn xt ng vin v nhng
im mnh, im yu (thng im yu khng ni ra ), s ph hp vi kha hc Tm li, c SOP v
LOR u a ra ci nhn su hn v ng vin. Vy lm th no ta ni bt gia mt rng cc ng
vin u rt xinh gi, xinh trai, nh ngho nhng hc gii, chm ch, nng ng, sng to, c tinh thn
lm vic tp th, trch nhim cao trong cng vic v mun ngn m t khc c th k ra y?
Vit SOP c l l cng vic tn nhiu cng sc v thi gian nht trong qu trnh apply. Theo kinh
nghim bn thn, ti tm cc ngun SOP hay trn mng, tp hp li, in ra, tm nhng li hay p cht
lc li thnh mt cm nang ring cho mnh. Da vo , mnh s vit nn SOP ca mnh. Bn nn
nh l CA MNH, v nu bn ch bit dng nhng m t th bn s ging c vi nhiu ng vin khc.
Hy bit s dng nhng V D C TH chn dung ca bn c v nn lung linh, chnh xc, chi tit,
nhng ng tng bc qu ng nh. Ti l ngi rt chm ch. Ti thng li lp hi bi thy gio,
cha th vit email, gi in hi. Bui sng th 7 ti vn dnh thi gian ln lab, th vin trao i bi
v, ti liu. Hay ti may mn c tham gia vo mt d n hi cn l SV nm 3. Cng vic ca ti l
ABC, phn tch ci ny ci n ci chai. Chnh nhng kin thc thc t gip ch ti rt nhiu, cng
trnh c gii thng cp trng, cp b. Ti l ch nhim ca CLB SV tnh nguyn. Ma h nm
2010 chng ti i ln H Giang dy hc cho tr em dn tc thiu s. l nhng tri nghim th v
trong qung i SV, hn na ti hc c c tnh cn c, kin nhn v lm vic nhm
Khng tnh phn m v kt vi ton nhng cu cho hi hay cm n vng vo tam quc, phn chnh
SOP ca ti c chia ra 3 phn hc tp, hot ng v s ph hp vi kha hc. Trc khi vit bn nn
lit k ra cc im mnh cn trnh by, v d phn hc tp th GPA th no, NCKH ra sao, tng tham
gia ci g v cng tng t cho 2 phn cn li. Sau khi vit xong, bn nn a cho ngi khc xem v
gp . Ri c l bn s phi sa ti sa lui c chc ln c c mt ci SOP tm ng ci bng. Ti
tng c nhiu bi SOP hay (ch yu ca cc bn tu). Tt c rt c th, cu trc r rng, t ng, cu
vn khng qu hoa m, thm ch n gin nhng tht s rt ng cp v quan trng hn l khng th
no ln vi ng vin khc. Bit u h nh/thu ngi khc vit gim, sa gim th sao.
LOR chc chn s tiu tn ca bn khng t thi gian. V mt hnh thc, ng vin khng c bit ni
dung ca LOR v thy hoc sp t vit ri cho vo phong b dn kn c ch k gip lai. Nhng m thy

hay sp bn lm nh, th nn bn vit nt cho gn. Ngoi cc yu t c th, cu trc r rng tng t
nh SOP, ti xin lu thm mt chi tit nh: Thng thng s c 2 hoc 3 LOR, do vy hy vit th
u khen nhiu hc tp + va va kinh nghim lm vic v th sau ngc li. Ch cc ni dung
khng trng lp nhiu v khn kho NHC LI nhng im mnh ca mnh trong c 2 LOR.
Di dng mi, cui cng ti xin tng kt vn tt kinh nghim qua my dng:
- Hy chun b tht k cng GPA, GRE, GMAT, ngoi ng, kinh nghim lm vic, cc gii thng
- Da vo trnh bn thn, nhu cu v s thch la chn mc tiu, tp trung cho nhng mc tiu
tim nng v va ming => Tri thm cng nhiu c hi cng cao (cng tn tin). Lu mt s hc
bng cho php SV nm cui apply, hy xem xt nu bn mun ra i tm ng cu nc ngay sau khi
tt nghip.
- Nghim tc u t thi gian v tin bc b h s ca bn tht s pro, tp trung nhiu cho SOP v
LOR. Theo kinh nghim ca rt nhiu awardee th SOP v LOR cc k quan trng, c th ni l mang
tnh QUYT NH.
- Giao lu, kt ni, chia s thng tin vi nhng bc tin bi v nhng th sn khc qua cc din n du
hc nh ttvnol, vietphd, vietabroader
- Cui cng, ch bit c nn gi l kinh nghim hay khng v n mang y mu sc duy tm. Hy chm
ch v qu thp hng cho ng b t tin, thnh thong cha chin n i miu mo cho may mn.
l s s nhng kinh nghim ti rt ra c trong qu trnh 2 nm tm ti v theo ui tnh yu
ln ny. Hy vng nhng chia s ny s c ch vi bn. Gip nhng th sn mi vo ngh chc chn
l nim vui i vi ti, do vy nu bn c kh khn g trong qu trnh apply, xin ng ngn ngi lin lc
qua ym hoc gmail vi cng a ch vmd0210.
t c thnh cng, gia nh l ngun c v mnh m nht cho ti. Bn cnh , ti xin gi li
cm n chn thnh ti tungkelvin, ngi nhit tnh gip ti rt nhiu trong qu trnh apply v
meopink, siu nhn IELTS gp ni dung SOP v LOR. Thanks ch Rome (admin cc k tm huyt
ca box du hc) v nhiu thng tin b ch, ch Nhi TU Delft, anh Ken_Heinen, ch lissauer, anh
longviet189, ch hangbeo1104, ch october14, bn nhim2208, bn hungk9, em binhnguyen9, em
barmyflight cng rt nhiu ngi bn khc bit/cha bit mt trn box ny cng nhau chia s thng
tin, ng cam cng kh, ch i, hy vng v tht vng (ai may mn th cha phi tht vng!).
Thay cho li kt, ti xin gi ti mi ngi cu ni ti rt thch ca Donald Trump Hy nh tr ngi l
cnh ca dn n thnh cng v ng trc bt c kh khn no xin ng li bc.
Thng tin thm v bachelorhn: Tt nghip trng H Thy Li H Ni, apply thnh cng Erasmus
Mundus v VLIR-OUS.
5 bc cho qu trnh tm kim trng du hc
Bn ang c nh du hc? Bn ang tm kim trng thch hp vi iu kin ca mnh? Bi vit ny
dnh cho bn.
Sau y l nm bc c bn cho mt qu trnh tm kim trng thch hp vi yu cu ca bn sao cho
hiu qu:
1. T hi v tr li tm ra ngi trng ca chnh bn.
Khng c ngi trng no l khun mu p ng nhu cu cho tt c cc sinh vin v vy bc quan
trng m u cho qu trnh chn trng ca bn chnh l tr li cu hi: Trng no dnh cho mnh?

^^. tr li c cu hi trn bn nn tr li trc cc cu hi trung gian nh: Ti sao mnh i du

hc? Nhng yu cu theo th t u tin m mnh cn i vi 1 trng i hc l nhng g? Mnh mun
s dng ngn ng chnh no trong sut qu trnh hc tp? Mnh c s cn nhc c bit no v cc
vn nh chng trnh v yu cu hc thut, vn ha v quy trnh nh gi hc thut? Li sng mnh
mong mun nh th no? Liu mnh c nng lc ti chnh p ng cho qu trnh hc tp ti trng
khng? Trng c cung cp hc bng cho bc hc mnh d nh khng? Hy tm hiu mong mun ca
chnh bn thn bn v tim ra ngi trng thch hp nht dnh cho chnh bn.
2. Tm kim.
Bc tip theo l tm kim t nc, trng v kha hc thch hp cho vic du hc ca bn. D khng
tn ti bt k danh sch no cha tt c cc thng tin v cc trng i hc trn th gii, nhng t hn
c vi ni uy tn c th p ng hu ht yu cu ca bn. Hy bt u qu trnh tm kim vi The Top
Universities Guide, trang web uy tn cung cp thng tin chi tit lin h ca 500 trng i hc trn
ton th gii. Ngoi ra, trang web trn cn cung cp bng xp hng v cc trng i hc trn th gii
theo cc chuyn ngnh, lnh vc. Mt trang web uy tn khc bn khng th b qua chnh l
TopUniversities.com, y l trang web ch ca QS World University Rankings, cng cung cp rt nhiu
thng tin c ch v ng dn trc tip n cc web thng tin hu ch khc ca nhiu trng i hc
trn ton th gii.
3. Quc gia no bn mun n hc tp?
Trc khi quyt nh v trng i hc thch hp, bn cn xc nh quc gia m bn mun n. Nhng
t nc ni ting v cung cp chng trnh gio dc cht lng nh Australia v New Zealand ang
tr thnh s la chn ca s ng bn tr, c bit a s cc trng ti hai quc gia trn u nm
trong top 400 cc trng i hc uy tn th gii. Sau khi chn c quc gia bn mun du hc, bn
nn tm kim thng tin hc bngc iu phi bi cc t chc chuyn cp hc bng cho sinh vin
quc t ti quc gia , v d ti Anh c t chc UCAS.
4. Gp g cu sinh vin v i din trng.
Khi c mt s la chn nht nh v trng ti quc gia m mong mun du hc, bc quan trng
bn nn lm trc khi ra quyt nh cui cng l tip cn ngun thng tin c cung cp trc tip t
cu sinh vin v i din trng. Tht tuyt vi khi a s cc trng u c mng li cu sinh vin
n t khp ni trn th gii, y l c hi cho cc bn khng c iu kin n tham quan trc tip cc
trng m mnh ang la chn. V vy, hy chn 1 cu sinh vin nhit tnh sn sng chia s vi bn
cc kinh nghim qu gi v cuc sng v hc tp ti trng. Ngoi ra, vi The QS Top Universities Tour,
bn cn c c hi gp g i din trng nm cc thng tin quan trng v tuyn sinh.
5. Hy m rng t tng bn nh!
Hy m rng t tng, tm hiu bn thn, tm kim cc c hi khc nhau v chia s thc mc vi cc
anh/ch i trc. V ri khi nhn li kt qu m mnh t c, bn s thy t ho v thch th v hnh
trnh tm kim c m du hc ca mnh. No cng bt u bn nh !
Hc tp c
iu g ny ra trong u bn khi nhc n nc c? Xe hi ng cp, bng tuyt nh, bia v xc
xch, hay l nn kinh t dn u chu u? Bn nn b sung vo danh sch trn mt iu: Mt trong
nhng im n du hc ph bin nht trn th gii. Bn c bit rng vo nm 2009, nm cui cng
m cc s liu thng k OECD th hin, c n 256,719 sinh vin quc t hc tp ti c, bin c tr
thnh im n du hc ph bin th t trn th gii v l s la chn hng u trong cc nc khng
ni ting Anh. By gi th bn bit ri y! C rt nhiu l do cho s bng n k trn nhng y
chng ta ch bn n mt s l do ph bin
Mt t nc cho mi ngi
c tn ti nh 1 quc gia thng nht trong cha y 1.5 th k v dnh hn 1/3 ca th k 20 b
tch ra lm 2 phn. hnh thc mi nht, c tn ti theo th ch lin bang, vi tt c cc bang hay

trong ting c l Lnder vic ny mang li rt nhiu s c lp t ch v lm ni bt c cc c

im v truyn thng khc bit ca nhiu dn tc sng c. V kt qu l c tr thnh mt t
nc a dng, mang li rt nhiu la chn cho sinh vin quc t.
Nu bn ang tm kim mt thnh ph th vi c tnh ni bt v s hin i bt nht y c tnh
th bn nn th n Berlin. Bn thch nhng khu rng y l v ni cao hng v? Hy n Middle Rhine
hoc c l Heidelberg. Mt thnh ph ti chnh rc r? Bn s thch Frankfurt cho m xem! Ni c
nhiu s n o no nhit v trn ln nhiu nn vn ha? Hamburg s ph hp vi bn. Chn ha hp
gia c knh v hin i? Thnh ph pha Nam ca Munich s rt xng ng vi s thch ca bn.
V nn nh rng, d vi bt k chn la g i chng na, mt thnh ph ca s i lp nh c, bn
s khng bao gi cm thy c n vi nhng s khc bit ca mnh.
Trng i hc
D nhin d cho c c rt nhiu la chn v li sng/vn ha/thin nhin/trung tm ti chnh th iu
khin c tr thnh tm m ca vn chnh l cc trng i hc. V bn ti , c c rt nhiu
trng i hc. Theo 2011 QS World University Rankings, khng t hn 44 trng i hc c th hng
cao trn th gii v 12 trong s nm trong top 200.
Hc ph c thu mt s bang ch khng phi tt c v ty theo 1 s trng i hc p dng thu hc
ph. Tuy nhin, vi 500/ hc k (US$625), th mc hc ph l khng cao. c c lch s nghin cu rt
mnh v c kh nhiu ngun qu nu bn hng th.
Nm ngoi, British Council nhn thy c c s chun b tt hn cho s quc t ha hn bt k cc
nc khc trn th gii. iu ny c phn nh bi s c mt ca cc kha Anh ng, c th trnh
nng cao. Khng c s thiu ht cc lp cp i hc, v bn c th d dng nhn ra rng hu ht
ngi c c th ni ting Anh kh tt. Thc t, ti c th k cho bn rng t nht 1 ngi bn ca ti
n c sng m trong mnh khng h c t kin thc g v ting c v anh y vn n thi.
Vic lm
Nu bn c theo di tin tc gn y, bn chc hn nghe v Khng hong khu vc ng Euro, s
ko di ca tnh trng kinh t tr tr trong mt vi nm gn y khu vc s dng ng tin chung
EURO. Nu vy chc bn cng nghe v c ang ng vai tr dn dt lo li chu u tr v ng
qu o. c c c v tr ny l v mt s thc rng c l tri tim kinh t ca chu u, v c c
th lm du li cn bo khng hong cng nh ng vai tr qun l chnh tt hn cc nc chu u
lng ging.
V th, khng nh cc nc chu u cht vt khc, c khng c tnh trng khng hong vic lm.
Thc t, nhng sinhv in tt nghip ngnh Khoa hc v K thut ch p ng c ngun cung trong
ngn hn m c li l t nc cng nghip v khoa hc. Nn mt o lut c ban ra gn y cho
php sinh vin quc t li c 18 thng tm vic lm. Bn c ngh iu m ti ang ngh khng
Ca ng chu u
Cui cng, c c v tr tm chu u, chung bin gii vi Php, o, Luxembourg, Thy S, H Lan,
an Mch, Ba Lan, Cng ha Czech v B v khng xa cc nc khc. iu c ngha l t c bn
c th du lch d dng n cc nc chu u khc. V vi Schengen Visa, bn c th du lch t do. Nu
bn mun du lch n cc chu lc ha nhong khc, vy c s l la chn ti u. Mc d
khi n c, bn s khng mun ri xa t nc ny!
Nu bn quan tm n du hc c, bn c th tm hiu v cc trng i hc hng u ti:

http://www.topuniversities.com/country-guides/germany
DAAD c rt nhiu thng tin quan trng cho sinh vin quc t: http://www.study-in.de/en/
Theo ngun: Justgoabroad
C rt nhiu hc bng dnh ring cho sinh vin n t cc nc ang pht trin. Scholars4dev.com
va a ra danh sch nhng hc bng hng u c i tng nhn hc bng ny.
Erasmus Mundus Scholarships
Lin minh chu u c mt hc bng danh cho cc sinh vin mogn mun theo hc chng trnh Thc s
hoc Tin s n t cc quc gia ang pht trin ngoi chu u. Chng trnh hc bng ny s h tr
chi ph sinh hot, hc ph, ph x dch v cc bo him. C khong 1000 sinh vin nhn c hc
bng Erasmus Mundus mi nm, bt u t nm 2009.
DAAD Scholarships
C quan Trao i Hn Lm c (German Academic Exchange Service DAAD) cp hc bng cho sinh
vin tt nghip i hc n t cc nc ang pht trin, c nguyn vng theo hc ti cc trng
c. Hc bng ny khng ch dnh cho sinh vin quc t m cn c nhng ngi mi i lm, n t
Chu Phi, Chu , Cc o Thi Bnh Dng, Trung v Nam M v Trung v ng u. Hc bng ny c
th l ton phn hoc bn phn.
Australian Development Scholarships
Hc Bng Pht trin c (ADS) l hc bng danh cho sinh vin quc t n t Chu Thi Bnh Dng,
Chu Phi, Trung ng, cc quc gia Carribean v Chu M La Tinh mun hc tp v tham gia cc kha
hc bc C Nhn, Thc s, Tin s cc trng i hc v Cao ng cng ngh ca c. Hc bng ny
bao gm ton b hc ph, ph di chuyn, ph sinh hot, bo him sinh vin C n 1000 hc
bng c cp mi nm cho sinh vin n t 31 quc gia, c bit l hc bng c cp bnh ng cho
c nam ln n sinh vin.
Netherlands Fellowship Program
Chng trnh Hu ngh H Lan (NFP) cp hc bng cho sinh vin n t 51 quc gia ang pht trin
mong mun theo hc bc Thc s hay Tin s ti cc trng i hc ca H Lan. Hc bng ny bao gm
hc ph, ph sinh hot, visa, ph di chuyn, bo him v h tr nghin cu lun vn.
VLIR-UOS Scholarships
Hc bng VLIR-UOS dnh cho sinh vin n t cc nc ang pht trin ti Chu , Chu Phi v M
Latinh mun theo hc mt chng trnh Thc tp v Thc s B. Hng nm, VLIR-UOS trao hc
bng cho 180 sinh vin bc Thc s nm th nht. Hc bng ny bao gm hc ph, nh , ph sinh hot,
ph dch chuyn v cc chi ph lin quan khc.
Commonwealth Scholarships

c thnh lp bi B Pht trin quc t Vng quc Anh (UK Department for International
Development), hc bng Commonwealth dnh cho sinh vin n t cc quc gia ang pht trin mun
theo hc Thc s, Tin s trn mi ngnh hc cc trng i hc Anh quc. Hc bng ny bao gm
hc ph, ph d thi, ph di chuyn, ph sinh hot, ph gia nhp, ph lm lun vn v cc ph lin quan
khc. C khong 200-230 hc bng c cp mi nm.
Joint Japan World Bank Scholarships
Chng trnh Joint Japan World Bank Scholarships (JJ/WBGSP) cho php sinh vin n t cc quc gia
thnh vin (a s l cc quc gia ang pht trin) mun theo hc bc Thc s ti cc trng i hc
thnh vin trn th gii. Hc bng JJ/WBGSP c cp hng nm, bao gm mi chi ph lin quan n
vic hc Thc s, gm c hc ph, ph di chuyn v ph sinh hot.
OFID Scholarships
Qu pht trin quc t OPEC (OFID) dnh cho sinh vin u t mong mun theo hc cc ngnh lin
quan n Pht trin bc Thc s, ti bt k trng i hc no m sinh vin mong mun. Hc
bng bao gm c hc ph, bo him, ph sinh hot v di chuyn. Ch c duy nht mt hc bngOFID
c cp mi nm.
Ghent University Scholarships for Developing Countries
Ghent University cp hc bng bc Thc s cho sinh vin quc t n t cc quc gia pht trin c
nguyn vng hc tp ti B, c th l ti i hc Ghent. Hc bng ny bao gm ph sinh hot mi
thng, hc ph trn nm hc v ph sinh hot. C khong 10 hc bng c pht mi nm.
University of Westminster Scholarships for Developing Countries
Hc bng ca i hc Westminster dnh cho sinh vin n t bt k quc gia ang pht trin no trn
th gii c mong mun hc tp ti Anh v nhn bng Thc s bt k ngnh hc no, ti University of
Westminster. Hc bng ny bao gm hc ph, nh , ph sinh hot v v my bay i/v London.
Tin in
Ha n tin in c th rt tn km v thng th chng ta cng dng nhiu, tin ca mi s in s
cng cao. Bn c bit mt sinh vin ti New York dnh 8 thng ng trong th vin v bn khng
th chi tr tin nh! Ngi bn ny cng s dng nh v sinh ca th vin v tm ti nh bn
b.
y c th l mt trng hp cc oan, nhng n l mt v d tuyt vi v cch bn c th tit kim
nng lng ti nh: Bn c th dnh nhiu thi gian hn trong th vin trng hc tp, nghin cu,
thm ch sc pin hay sc in thoi. Bn cng c th d dng tm kim cc ti liu hc tp hn cng
nh kt ni Internet. Tuy nhin ng qun rng bn phi xc nh ranh gii r rng gia thi gian hc
tp v th gin, hy ginh thi gian cho nhng hot ng ngoi tri v bn b ca mnh na.
Chi ph thc phm

Thng th chi ph n ung ti cc im n du hc cao hn nhiu so vi nhng g bn tnh ton trc

. l l do ti sao bn s c th tit kim rt nhiu chi ph nu cng bn b nu n chung tai nh.
Li ch ca vic ny cn nhiu hn c ch n gin l tit kim tin bi bn cn c th hc lm c
nhng cng thc nu n ca bn b quc t. ng qun gi cho bn v c bn ca bn mt ch n
ung cn bng v b dng. Cc nh nghin cu khng nh rng bn b c th c nh hng rt
ln trong thi quen n ung ca bn. V d, thng xuyn n ung vi nhng ngi bn c lng tiu
th thc phm cao s khin bn c xu hng n nhiu hn v tng cn hay ngc li.
Tin nc
Bn c bit rng 1 pht bn tm tiu th khong 150 lt nc? iu ny khng nhng nh hng n
ti chnh ca bn m cn c nh hng khng tt mi trng. Hy th nhng cch thc mi v hiu
qu gi cho bn vn thm tho v sch s m khng cn tiu tn qu nhiu thi gian trong bn tm
vo mi bui sng. Hy iu chnh thi gian tm ca bn, bt thi gian tm bn thay bng tm vi hay
khi nh rng khng nn m nc lin tc Hy c gng hn ch lng ph nc khng cn thit v
gp phn bo v mi trng.
Tin in thoi
Bn c bit l trung bnh chng ta chi tiu nhiu hn $1.300 mt nm cho ha n in thoi? Cho d
bn chon hnh thc tr theo cuc gi hay thanh ton hng thng, hy chc chn rng l la chn
ph hp nht.
Cng vic lm thm
Lm vic bn thi gian ti mt nh hng hoc qun c ph l la chn ph bin trong gii sinh vin
quc t. Bn s khng ch c tin mt trang tri cc nhu cu sinh hot hng ngy m cn c
cung cp thc phm ti ni lm vic min ph.
Gim gi v mua bn c
Hy tht khn ngoan trong vic chi tiu. cc chng trnh khuyn mi hoc gim gi v lun nh
mang theo th sinh vin c gim gi ti a. V iu quan trng nht l c kim ch bn thn
trc hng lot cc hng gim gi khng mua qu ti tin bn c. Mua hay bn cc mt hng c vi
gi r hn hoc trnh lng ph khi bn khng dung na cng l mt cch tuyt vi tit kim tin
v c li sng thn thin vi mi trng. Ti Anh, 1.2 triu tn ca giy v qun o b vt b mi nm,
y qu l mt s lng ph! Hy th gh thm cc ca hng hoc cc trang web ng tin cy mua
cc mt hng c c cht lng tt.
Hc bng
L mt hc sinh vi kt qu hc tp xut sc v hot ng tt trong tt c cc lnh vc trong qu trnh
hc tp s l nhng li th ln gip bn ng tuyn thnh cng cc chng trnh Hc bng hay h tr
ti chnh. Mt s ty chn c sn l hc bng ton phn hoc bn c th np n xin hc bng bn
phn gip bn gim bt cc chi ph hc tp v sinh hot trong qu trnh du hc.

Nc c trong k c du hc sinh Vit Nam

Bn cnh cng c mt th h sinh vin tng gi gm nhng nm thng tui tr ca mnh
trn gh ging ng i hc c, nay v Vit Nam sng v lm vic. Nc c trong k c bn
by gi nh th no? l cu hi c t ra cho rt nhiu cc cu du hc sinh v phn ln, tt c
u ni rng h rt nh nc c v khm phc tnh cch ca nhng con ngi t nc ny: thng
minh v kin cng. Th, mt cu du hc sinh Berlin pht biu: Ti rt thch phong cch lm vic
ca ngi c, h c nhng nguyn tc m bn phi tun theo nhng li khng h g b m rt thoi
mi, nhiu bn khc th li nh nhng nm thng i lm thm c trong thi gian hc, nhng iu
m trc y khi Vit Nam h hu nh cha tng bit n. Mt iu kh th v na l hu ht cc
bn nam u rt nh bia v xc xch c, cn cc bn gi th li nh cuc sng thanh bnh t nc
ti p ny. Ti nh nhng ngy ma h, nm phi mnh trn nhng thm c xanh, va c sch,
va tn hng s bnh yn ca cuc sng. Ti nh c nhng bui chiu lang thang khng bit chn dc
dng sng Rhein, ngm nhn dng ngi qua li, cuc sng tht d chu l li tm s ca Trang cu
hc sinh H Bonn.
Rt nhiu th h sinh vin Vit Nam tng sng v du hc c khi tr v u mang theo rt nhiu ni
nh. Mi bn cng phng vin ca Tp ch Hng Vit gp li nhng cu du hc sinh ny v lng
nghe nhng tm s ca h.
Nguyn Tun Anh
Mnh c gn 6 nm sng v hc tp ti CHLB c. Trc khi quay tr v Vit Nam mnh theo hc
ngnh ch to my Roboter (Master) ti i hc Hannover (LUH). Nhng nm thng sng v hc tp
c c l cng l nhng nm thng tui tr ti p nht ca mnh. K nim v nhng ngi c tt
bng lun nhit tnh gip , k nim v nhng ln lang thang trn con ng vng v gp mt ngi
hon ton xa l vi n ci ti tn trn khun mt, k nim v mt gio s gi tn tm gip mnh
trong nhng ngy gn thi c. Nhng nm thng sng v hc tp c, hnh trang ti mang theo khi
tr v khng ch l v tri thc, cng ngh c hc trn ging ng m cn l hnh trang v t duy,
cch ngh, thc v li sng na. V d ngy xa mnh c th v t vt n khi i ng m khng
n o suy ngh g nhiu, cn gi th tun th lut giao thng mt cch tuyt i. Ngy xa mnh t khi
xin li hay cm n ai cn gi th lun l th. R rng l mi th u thay i, ni khng ngoa th
nc c lm mnh hiu th no l mt cuc sng vn minh. Ni theo quan im trit hc th mi
trng tc ng ti con ngi, v ng nh th tht. Mnh c sng trong mt mi trng mang tnh
k lut v chun mc rt cao th nn s tip thu nhng phong cch sng n dn hnh thnh trong
mnh theo thi gian. Sau nhng nm thng sng c, khi tr v Vit Nam mnh cng b ng rt
nhiu vi mi trng lm vic cng nh phong cch sng. V d c 8h l 8h, nhng Vit Nam th
c khi 8h l 10h hay c, vic ai ngi lm, h cng trnh va chm hay xung t li ch ca nhau
cng tt. V th nn ti sao mi ngi c khi lm g gy hi lin quan n ngi khc h u t ra rt
lo lng tht s. Nhng Vit Nam mi th u bnh thng. Nc c c rt nhiu ci cc bn tr
Vit Nam ngy nay hc tp, l trch nhim v nhn thc. Nu trnh nhn thc c nng ln, h
s hiu th no l ng, th no l sai, l tt hay l xu v c th th mt x hi mi tin b c. Cho
n by gi mi ln ngh v nc c mnh lun mang trong lng cm gic bi hi v xc ng, khi
no c iu kin mnh s tr li nc c. S i nhng chuyn tu in n trng, s ngi vo nhng
ging ng ca mt thi sinh vin li mt ln c nghe ging. S i hi du ty ti nhng tha
rung du, s chp nhng tm nh m trong c bu tri trong xanh tuyt p ca ma h nc c
hay s i do khi nhng bng tuyt ang ri y trn o. Nc c l mt phn ca mnh, mnh yu
nc c v cm thy t ho mi khi i tuyn bng c thng mt i no .
L Thu Huyn

Ti l ging vin trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti. T 2006-2009, ti c hc bng nh nc tham

gia chng trnh o to nghin cu sinh ngnh GTVT ti i hc K thut Darmstadt. Sau hn 3 nm
sng v lm vic, nc c tr thnh mnh t rt gn b i vi ti. Nhng k nim v nc c
rt nhiu v n nay vn cn trn y mu sc v tnh cm trong ti. c bit l nhng con ngi,
nhng ngi bn c, cc bn sinh vin quc t, cc bn Vit nam trn nc c. Trong nhng nm
thng sng v hc tp nc c, bn cnh kin thc chuyn mn, ti cng c dp c tip xc v
lm vic vi cc gio s giu kinh nghim, cc ng nghip vng vng v chuyn mn, phng php
lm vic v nghin cu khoa hc mt cch bi bn v h thng. Ti cng c dp c tham gia nhng
hot ng ngoi kha vi sinh vin, vi cc t chc nh DAAD, IGM, v.v T , c iu kin hc hi
v rn luyn kh nng lm vic, t chc cng vic ca c nhn, cng nh trong tp th. Theo ti,
cng l iu m cc bn tr Vit nam c th hc tp nc c: tnh k lut, t chc v khoa hc.
Tht ra, nc c c mt t m ti khng bit chn t no cho ph hp trong ting Vit: ORDNUNG.
Sau khi v Vit nam, ti tip tc lm vic trong trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti, c quan ti lm
vic trc y. Trong mi trng gio dc v nghin cu, ti vn c c hi lin lc v lm vic vi cc
trng, cc c quan nghin cu ca c. Vi t cch l alumni ca DAAD, trong tng lai, ti cng c
k hoch quay tr li c theo chng trnh hc bng nhc li thc hin cc nghin cu khoa hc,
cp nht cc thng tin v kin thc mi, cng nh hp tc o to vi cc c quan, trng i hc ca
c.
Nguyn Duy Ninh
Sau su nm hc v CNTT Uni Erlangen Nrnberg ti tr v Vit Nam v lm cho mt cng ty
ca c. Ti cn nh rt r hm l ngy u tin ti xung Erlangen, sau mt hi lc ng vi
chic bn v a ch n lp hc ting, ang loay hoay khng bit lm sao v lc l sng sm
trn ng gn nh khng c ai hi th mt c b tc trng vi khun mt phc hu c trang
im nh nhng i xe p tin li gn ti hi "Kann ich Ihnen helfen?" ti nh v c vng bp b
my cu ting c hi ng, sau khi b c ni mt trng cch tm n a ch ti cn ri hi ti c
hiu khng, thy ti m b c lin hiu ra vn v bo "Folgen Sie mir", ni xong b c xung xe
v dt xe i b cng ti, va i b c va hi chuyn ti rt thn thin. i c mt on xa ti bo b
c l ti t i c khng cn c a i na nhng c nht nh a ti i tip, qua ni chuyn ti
c bit b c ang trn ng i ch, khi bit th ti cng cm thy y ny v bo c c i ch i
nhng c nht nh a ti n tn ni, khi n ni c cn ng ch cho n lc c ngi ra n ti c
mi cho v i. S gip tn tnh v y trch nhim ca c b hm tht s khin ti rt cm
ng. l tri nghim u tin v c l cng l n tng nht ca ti v tinh thn trch nhim ca
ngi c. Ngi c khng ch th hin c tnh trong cng vic m ngi ta c th tm thy c
tnh trong tng li ni v hnh ng ca h. Hu ht nhng cu chuyn khin ti nh mi khng
qun u l nhng cu chuyn ht sc i thng nhng chnh v th n ni ln rt nhiu iu v ti
c c nhng bi hc khng th no qun t nhng cu chuyn bnh d . Ti cn nh lc mi
sang trong mt ln i do quanh khu mnh ti thy mt ngi ph n tr n mc kh p c dt theo
mt con ch nh, trong lc dt ch i do ti thy con ch dng li v tm ch i i tin, lc ti
cng khng v chuyn ny hon ton bnh thng, sau khi ch ch nh gii quyt xong ni bun
th ngi ph n ci xung li hi lm g , v sau ti mi bit ngi ph n ci xung thu gom
nhng g ch cn va thi ra vo mt ci bc c bit mang i vt, khi bit iu ti thc s ngc
nhin v suy ngh rt nhiu, t hi ti sao dn ngi ta li c thc cao n th, t nh khng bit n
bao gi ngi dn mnh mi c c mt phn thc nh h.
Trn ch l mt vi k nim ng nh trong rt nhiu k nim c vui ln bun ca ti trong sut thi
gian hc tp v lm vic c, ngay trong lc vit nhng dng ny trong ti c mt cm xc kh t,
nhng k nim li a v vi hnh nh ca nhng ngi bn n t khp ni trn th gii, nhng ngi
bn, ngi ng nghip c v cng tt bng Gi y mi khi nh li nhng k nim d vui hay
bun ti li cm nhn c v "ngt", "ngt" v tt c u em n cho ti hoc nhng k nim p
khng bao gi qun hoc nhng bi hc v gi khin ti trng thnh hn t tin hn m nu khng

 c th chc ti s khng th c c, ti thm cm n v trn trng n, v ti tin rng n s khng

ch gip ch ti rt nhiu m cn nh hng ti trn sut qung ng pha trc.
Ni dung ch yu bn v vic hc i hc, thc s ti c kh hay d; ngnh hc thun li; nhng
iu kin khch quan ( ngi thn, kinh t,.. ) v ch quan ( ch,..); va hc va lm
Anh tt nghip xong H c v v VN c 2 thng, anh c li khuyn cho em nh th ny, hc H
c rt kh, khng h n gin, t duy ca em s ging anh ngy xa, thch ra nc ngoi hc, thi
y anh ko xin c visa i US nn chuyn sang i c v i Anh t qu.
u tin, em nn suy xt rt k xem kh nng ca mnh n u, ting c kh, nn nu thc lc ko
cao hc s rt vt v. Anh ko khoe nhng anh thi H im rt cao, cp 3 cng hc chuyn L Ams
nhng vn rt kh nut cc mn hc H c v tr ngi ting c qu kh.
Th 2, ng bao gi ngh n va hc va lm, nu em tht s hc gii th mi ngh n, v nu hc
cha tt m i lm na th kh nng tht bi cc ln, c rt nhiu bn b anh hc ko c v vng i
lm cui cng l d.
Th 3, l bn lnh ca mi c nhn, nu sang y ko c ngi km cp, gia nh th ko bn c th s
dn n tnh trng b hc, chn chng, bn thn anh hc H gn nh ko ln lp v li v ch hiu
my mc d ting cng thuc loi c do chm giao tip.
Cui cng l tnh ton v thi gian, i c hc xong H trung bnh s l 5 nm ( cho cc bn hc gii
do na nm ting, 1 nm d b v 3 nm ri H) cn bt th ton 6,7 nm l chuyn thng, vy 7
nm b ra tin n tin hc ph th t hn em i Anh hc Master rt nhiu, vy nn suy xt k.
Ngy anh i ko c ai ch bo, khng ai nh hng, by gi c kinh nghim th nhn li cho cc em thi.
Nhng c mt iu rt li khi i c hc H so vi vic i Anh hc Master 1 nm ri v l em hc c
tnh t lp, v vn ha chu u iu m nu i 1,2 nm ri v s khng bao gi hc c. l 1 vn
sng v cng qu gi.
Bn Ko Bng : c xong bi ca bn trn ni, mnh thy rt ng , cc bn b 6 n 7 nm ch
hc ci bng H bn c, lng ph time qu, theo mnh ngh cc bn nn hc H VN sau i hc
Master nc ngoi 1 n 2 nm cng kh tt, lc trng thnh nhiu ri, nu c xin th t i, ko
th c gng kim hc bng. Mnh cng ang theo 1 chng trnh hc bng c v ang hc ting
y, ting c rt kh v tn nhiu time rn luyn. Nu nh cc bn hc Master c th cng tuyt
ch hc H lu qu, bng hc Y VN ri cn j...eo con gi tha th gi mt, c i ch c hc thui
sao
-

Bn ng Tuyn Hong ): Bn ny ni hon ton ng, khng nhng p lc t vic hc m ngay

c vic thi c,bn mnh ang hc m nhiu khi thi nh kiu phi 11m.Chc mi ngi cng ging
mnh ngy trc ko bit rng c c lut thi 3 ln khng s phi chuyn trng nn vic chn
mn thi cng l c mt vn nan gii.Cn chuyn i lm th vn c th nhng tt nhin l s phi
ko di thi gian ra...

Bn Phuong Do Chun ko cn chnh, nhng g ch Topic ni y ht mnh =)) Mnh hc gn 8

nm c mi gn xong, h cn 2 nm (cho chc) mi ra trng =)) n gin l LI v sut ngy bay

nhy =)) Ch hc C m c chm ch th N GIN. Gia LI v CHM l ci Kh nht m cc du
hc sinh cn vt qua thi =)) P/S: My bn hc 4 nm ton l cc bn CHM CH m thi ^^ Ai m
xc nh i du hc m mun hc nhanh th xc inh KO Disco, ko ASIAN PARTY, ko SHOPPING l hc
nhanh ko y m :)) V mnh thy a s nhg SV qua C u l nhng ngi THNG MINH, khc nhau ch
l LI HC v CHM HC (vn mun thu m ai cungx gp phi, nhg ko phi ai cng vt "qua c
:D).
Tr li bn Phuong Do, bn Hanh vit : Ko bit l em hc trng no, nhng nu em do qua ng
c, ni c rt nh ng vn sang hc n gin ch v c ng thn, hay ni thng ra c rt nh ng c trh ging
nh bn g sv im thi khng vo H, nhng mua c zulassung vn hay chy trt kiu j ...(thi
10 nm trc). Mnh tng chng kin nhng bn khng cn i lm g c, chm ch th tru c khi
cn phi n, nhng vn khng th vt qua, thm ch l kolleg. Lc ngi au nht chnh la nhng
bn , v trc y k vng nhm vo ni ny. C tng c chm l c . y l thc trng ca rt
nh svvn c. Ngoi ra c 1 s trng c ny, mnh dm c vi bn, chm ch mang li nhiu
value n th! Ni chung c bit mnh bit ta th trm trn trm thng, m ko th... Thc ra vi nm
cuc i c l j u so vi bn j ni trn. Nhng c gc ng mi bit, t tin ng ln li l c 1 qu
trnh, c khi mt thm vi hay chc nm na:-). Mnh ngh bn post bi ny ch mun nu ra nhng kh
khn m thi, mi ngi c th chun b tinh thn trc khi nht quyt i bng c. Mnh c cng
quan im, s tht nghe mt lng nhng ni chung a s nhng ng ko im vo H vn hoc hc
cao ng, th nn i du hc gn gn nh chn hc trng no d d thi. Nhng nc kinh doanh giao
dc c rt n trng dng nh vy. Sau ny n master sang chu u cha mun.
-

Richard Hoang: Like v cng quan im trn, Like v cng hon cnh trn. Tht ra tt nghip

c i hc bn c c th bn thn phi b qua rt nhiu c hi nu nh bn ch cn tt nghip

VN. Thi mnh hc c c 1 cu "Ai bo chn tru l kh, Ti i du hc cn kh hn tru". Kh y
t p lc hc hnh, tin bc v c tinh thn na. Nu cn t vn, th ch cn PM cho mnh, mnh s gip
thng tin, thi mnh i c l cch ng k i khc by gi, nhng cuc sng, con ngi bn th
vn nh vy, cch hc bn cng nh vy.
-

Bn Candy Kute : theo kinh nghim t nu ang hc d DH nh 2 nm tr ln r th nn c hc

nt, cm chc ci bng ri mun i sang y hc master hay hc DH li t u cng c. Ch b dang

d nh vy rt l mt tjan. Cng gi th nim am m hc hnh cng gim
-

Bn Qunh Trang L) : Mnh hon ton ng vi bi vit ca bn Nguyen Huu Trung. Mnh cng

l sinh vin tt nghip ngnh Kinh T c v cng c th ni l 1 nhn chng sng (Cng cht vt
lm mnh mi tt nghip dc DH). Mnh cng chng kin Nhiu bn cng rt chm, c th ni l sut
ngy ch hc, nhng nng lc c gii hn. Cho nn nu ch l sing nng, v c gng m ko c nng
lc th cng kh m hc c H c. Ni tm li hy suy ngh tht k khi bc chn ra nc ngoi
du hc cc bn nh.
-

Bn Manh-Quynh Vu Bn Trung vit rt ng, nhng a s cc bn cha i th cng k vng rt

nhiu. Ni chung l nn chn quc gia ni ting Anh, tn km v tin nhng tit kim c nhiu thi

gian. Bn thn mnh cng phi mt hn hai nm mi dm chc chn l c th hc c bng ting
c.
-

Bn Quang Chethanh : tht s mnh thy hc i hc nc ngoi l c mt s mo him nu

khng chun b k. Cn master th rt nn hc nc ngoi

Trc khi nn lng vi quyt nh du hc c, cc bn cng nn tham kho cc kin tri

ngc sau :
-

Bn Quang Tran Khoan khoan cc em, nghe thi m ng c tin. Cho anh ni vi li i vi bn

vit bi ny: Lm g m bn chm gi nghe gh th? Bn c lm i hc c ngi ta hc kin thc

trn tri khng bng. T hc Magdeburg nghnh Verfahrenstechnik (cho m ngoc ci: nghnh ny
trng ny ch km thng Uni ch no c c) h p-nhm mt c thy 6 nm (qu mt 1 nm).
Hin ang lm cho cng ty ca c c. Trong Studium i lm th 7 v ch nht. Khi Vorlesungsfrei
th sang ty c lm.
-

Bn Pltzlich Stuhlgang Haben : Sinh vin Vn mnh v ang du hc khp ni trn th gii; v

hu ht u c th t c bachelor v master; v mnh cng bik l ting c ko phi l ngn ng

kh nht th gii
-

Bn Thanh Hai Hoang : Cuoc song ko chi can co kien thuc, no con can trai nghiem, kinh nghiem,

ren luyen va 1 it chat tho ;)). Quan trong nhat la minh muon j, di dau va lam duoc j. Moi thu deu co the
ren luyen neu quyet tam, xuat phat diem cao hay thap ko quyet dinh ket qua. Qua trinh lam viec moi la
thu quyet dinh. Con tre va co dieu kien thi nen quyet tam lam nhung j minh muon, dung de y nhieu
qua den nhung loi xam tau cua thien ha nhu lam cai nay di, cai nay de, dung lam cai kia, cai kia kho. Ai
cug chi song 1 lan
+ Bn Nguyn Hu Trung tr li : Nhng nu m qung vo quyt nh bn thn m khng suy xt k
th s l d 1 i, m i th ai cng ch c 1 m thi!
+ Bn Hong : minh thi nghi rang that bai lon nhat cua con nguoi la ko dam lam hoac khong quyet
tam lam nhung j minh muon. Con 1 quyet dinh du co dan den sai lam thi do cung hok phai la su that
bai, do chi la bai hoc. Va muon co thanh cong ma khong co tra gia thi ... hoi vo ly ;))
+ Bn Trung : chun ri, mnh vit kinh nghim ko phi khuyn cc em ko i, m khuyn cc em
nn suy xt tht k ri hy lm gim ri ro ko ng c, ch tht bi trn ci t c ny mnh nhn
qu nhiu ri, ch ko mun cc em i vo vt xe thi!
+ Bn Hong : ban la 1 vi du cua thanh cong, minh cung quen dc nhieu nguoi thanh cong o day. Cuoc
song la de kham pha. Khong dam lam vi dan do suy nghi, vi so that bai ko phai la suy nghi cua minh.
Cai j ko giet ban se lam ban manh sieu cap ;)) Con neu no giet ban thi ban cung co the tu hao la it nhat
minh da dam thu. Quan diem cua minh hoi khac chut thoi, minh hieu y ban.

Bn canh l mt s kin ng pha trung lp, phn tch ci ng ca mi bn

-

Bn Nguyen Thi Trung Anh) : Anh ni ng. V nhng ngi khc cng ng. y khng phi l

mt tri ca du hc m lun l 1 phn ca n, cha tng khc i. i du hc chnh l 1 s nh i.

Vn cc ln, 1 ln cho 1 i. ng ngh rng vi nm thng tui tr so vi c i ngi c l g u,
chn sai c th chn li, gp ng ct c th quay u. Tri qua ri mi thm. Khi mi th nt bt v
bn thn tr nn thm hi, mi thu thot ra v vc dy kh n mc no. Khng phi ngu nhin
du hc l gic m ca nhiu ngi. Nhng li ch ca n chng kh nhn ra. Nhng m n c
Thin ng con ngi phi bn i linh hn ca mnh. N mang li cho bn nhng th tt p nht, vi
iu kin bn xng ng. Phi tr gi . Ti nng l khng . C gng l khng . May mn l
khng . Tt c nhng th mi ch l tm . n c y kh, bm tr c ni y mi tht
gian nan, ri khi y vi t th ngng cao u l th thch tht s.
n mn bn thch nhiu ln. i tht chm trn nhng con ng bn hay qua. cnh nhng ngi
bn yu thng bt c lc no c th. V hc hnh khng ngi ngh. Bn s mt i rt nhiu, thm ch
l ton b, ngay t lc bn cha nhn c g. Nhng th nh nht li c th nh gc chng ta d
dng nht. y chnh l 1 cuc chin tht s, v khi bn cn c quyn la chn c cho n xy ra
hay khng, hy suy ngh nhiu v lm nhiu. Hy vng ch ng m m. Quyt tm nhng phi hiu r.
V nu y lun l quyt nh ca bn, ngay c khi bn hiu r nhng g s n v trong lu di s
n, ng ngng c gng trong bt k lc no. Tt c chng ta u ang sng d bit 1 ngy no
mnh s cht i :))
-

Bn Jony Nguyen( : Minh thay ai cung co y dung, tat nhien la tren quan diem va hieu biet cua

tung nguoi. Hoc o viet nam hay Duc cung la tot ca, neu ban la nguoi co nang luc va gioi,o dau ban
cung co the phat huy,chu trai niem hay kinh nghiem roi cung chi de ban xin viec lam, hay ban tu
lam( tu kinh doanh). Nhug ban hoc o Duc, hay o nuoc khac, cai trai niem do cua ban, ve VN dau phai
lam Sep lon het dc dau, hay nguoc lai, Sep lon o VN, dau can hoc o nuoc ngoai. Viec dat dc bag cap o
Duc, chac chan ai co gang se co ca thoi, ngoai ngu chi de giao tiep, nen se hoc dc, neu ko hoc duoc, lai
ve VN ma hoc, hay hoc cho nao ma minh hoc duoc. Cung nen nghi don gian la vay, ko fai qua la dan
do, roi lai fai suy nghi ki, don gian chi la : Chi phi co hoi. Cac ban cu di, di ko duoc lai ve.
-

Bn Duy Linh Nguyen: Y kien nay cung co cai dung nhung ma viec hoc o vn that ra chang lien

quan gi. Mo tui cung di hoc nhu ban noi tinh ra cung dc 7 nam moi xong con tieng duc dsh + bachelor
+ master vi con phai di lam. Ma tinh ra diem cung ko te lam. Gio lai vac them em doktor vao nguoi
thanh ra cung phai hon 10 nam hihi. Hoc diem cao ben duc ko co nghia la co viec lam tot. Cai nay chac
ai di hoc cung hieu hen. Nang luc canh tranh ko xet bang diem so hay bang cap ma bang thuc luc cua
ban than minh thoi.
-

Bn Khai Uwe: Tm li theo mnh ngh th "du hc" l 1 tri nghim kh th v v b ch vi

chng ta. Tuy nhin th tri nghim ny cng c ci gi ca n, v vy chng ta nn cn nhc tht k
tm ra la chn ng n cho ring mnh, v khi quyt nh ri th s c gng lm ti cng! .danke!

Bn S.k. YG : Bn ni th l khng ng ri. 2/3 sinh vin bn ny u va i hc va i lm.

Ko ch v tin m cn v kinh nghim lm v kinh nghim cuc sng. Nu c tin th c th i Anh,

nhng b ra my t ng vn hc Anh. Khng p nh no cng c iu kin nh th. Nhiu bn
mnh i sang c, hc lu mt cht nhng kinh t cho gia nh vn bit bao nhiu. Hc nh th
no u cng ty bn thn mnh thi bn . Khng c gng th u cng hng thi.
+ Bn Nguyn Hu Trung tr li : Bn c k nhng g mnh vit ri hy comment nh, SV i c va
hc va lm nhiu, chun, th trong ci s nhiu c bao nhiu ngi hon thnh ng vic hc
ng thi gian? khng phi ko c nhng nhng bn , l nhng bn hc s rt gii, vic mnh ni v
i Anh l hc xong H VN ri i Master anh s r hn i c 7 nm mi xong ci bng BA bn !
+ Bn Karl Friedrich Tran tr li: Vua di hoc vua di lam ah, chac chan trong so do khong co ai hoc
truong TOp khoa Hot dau. Boi vi truong TOP, khoa HOT ban hoc khong nhanh Uni gui cho ban
Ablehnung thi bye bye nhe.
+ Bn S.k. YG : Anh s lng b hc ko theo dc cng sm sm c thi. V li nh mnh ni. C
tin th i Anh. Nhng nm u b 21k~22k bng ri, c ch tm 7k-8k Euro thi. Nu bn ch c
ngn y tin bn lm sao sang Anh? Du hc u cng th thi. Dn hc gii bn ny vn party, vn
hc vn lm, ra trng vn ln doctor nh ai. Tui tr phi ln ln. nh ko chu ln ging ng th
trch ai? Hc th bn mnh ai cng ku kh. Nhng cui cng ni chuyn th ri ai cng t nhn l
LI, th thi. Cn sao li so hc Master Anh vi hc BA c? Bn sang c hc Master cng dc
thi. Du hc l 1 mnh l t mnh phi c gng. ng li cho hon cnh.
Ngoi ra cn mt s kin ng gp v vn ngnh hc, vic lm, hc ting, iu kin
khch quan, ch quan,..
-

Bn Thao Phan : nu cc bn tht s mun hc c th cn phi chun ting c tht tt.

ng s tn tin v thi gian. Nu khng, hc khng ni, phi chuyn ngnh th cn tn thi gian v
tin bc hn na
-

Bn Ngoc Anh Bui) : em th im thi H lng nhng,hc Kim Lin, im tt nghip H cng tm

tm, li mt phn i v mun trn chy vi tht bi trong nc, gia nh n. Kiu ny em phi xc
li tinh thn qu.
+ Bn Karl Friedrich Tran tr li : nu tin vo kh nng ca mnh th c i. Mnh hc Vn bnh thng,
hc MC HN l trng dn lp nh, thi i hc di 20 im, sang y cng trn chy tht bi. Ri
khi vo i hc mi nhn ra l, ko th trn chy c phi i mt vi n thi, nu ko b ui v th
khn nn hn.
-

Bn Hanh Phan: Ngoi ra nu bn cm thy mnh ko chm hc lm m thch hc gn lin thc

t, i thc tp hay lm bn thi gian ti cc cng ty th nn i hc FH thay cho Uni, trng cng bth
cng tt, ko cn elite lm j c. y l iu mnh rt ra sau khi hc xong v i lm. x hi c l 1 x
hi cc kh ho nhp, nn cng nn ch dim ny khi quyt nh i hc. Ting ca mnh cng nh
bn g vit y, mc d cng vo loi c t c gng giao tip nhng vn thy rt kh. Nhng nu xc

inh ht nhng kh khn v cm thy mnh mun th sc th ti sao ko nh? Con ng no cng n
rome, ko nht nh l phi tt nghip, hc xong tm bng hay c vic lm th mi l thnh cng. C rt
nhiu th bn hc c v lm c c, ni m i lc ni ko ngoa, mnh c cm thy nh min ni
v Tpho sng (y l v nh kha cnh khc nhau ch ko ni n cht lng csong nh). Cuc sng th
nh khi sng nh cn thch hn bn ny .
-

Bn Quang Tran: T hc Magdeburg nghnh Verfahrenstechnik (cho m ngoc ci: nghnh ny

trng ny ch km thng Uni ch no c c) h p-nhm mt c thy 6 nm (qu mt 1 nm).

Hin ang lm cho cng ty ca c c. Trong Studium i lm th 7 v ch nht. Khi Vorlesungsfrei
th sang ty c lm.

Bn Loan Hotr li : Chao anh Quang Tran, em nghi con tuy vao nganh hoc. Neu hoc
Technik hoac Informatik thi kha nang co viec lam se cao hon. Con neu hoc Wirtschaft hay Sozial thi
hoan toan khac

Bn Nguyn Hu Trung : Mi anh hc Kinh T s thy n cht vt nh th no, Lut dn c

thi cn trt 70 %, v d nhin, bi vit ny ko phi t dng mnh vit, l comment tr li 1 cu hi ca
1 em SV nh i c m im thi H cn cha im sn!

Bn Quang Tran: Ci m em Loan Ho ni cng l ng. Xt ra m ni i vi ngi c xin

vic vi tm bng kinh t l kh hung chi ngi Vit. Nguyn nhn l s ngi hc kinh t qu
ng. Ngi ngi hc BWL, nh nh hc BWL, s lng ti, Betreuer Abschlussarbeit khng ,
chnh v th mi n nh trt nhiu gim ti. Ch ch trng no ch trng nh trt sinh vin
c. Ht sinh vin th ly ai m dy? Hc ci mnh thch l c ri, sao c phi l kinh t? Chuyn ngi
Vit mnh c thch lao vao s ng, thy bn A, bn B hc kinh t th mnh cng hc kinh t, nghnh
hot m. Bn k thut nhiu nghnh ni qu ln ch mt thy mt tr, tha h m hc, tha h m thi. G
m ch tt nghip?

Bn Hnh Lux : Mnh cng hc Verfahrenstechnik, nhng vn cha xong, my mn technik th

ok nhng my mn v KT vi Lut th kh qu

Bn Quang Tran : Hc Kinh t v Lut th c khi phi nh my em c. My em xt v mn

ting c th ni cng hn t mnh, hc rt c bn, am hiu l thng. Nu kim c vi em hc
nhm th qu tt, em ch cho mnh my mn K-t, Lut, mnh ch cho nhng em ci g mnh c
(ting c gi l verkehren :))). t n cnh gii ti thng l c th nh cha chnh t c
Diplomarbeit, li hi bit chng no...

Bn Karl Friedrich Tran: Chao ban, neu ban cam thay chua chat vat thi moi ban sang truong
minh va hoc khoa Informatik. TRuong minh chua phai Top 3 cua Duc ve Informatik, cung chang khung
bo cho lam ve Informatik. Ban se thay chat vat la the nao

Bn Quang Tran : H h. L do n gin nht l ti cho nghnh hc kh. Mnchen tt

nghip tin hc ra gi ang i lm t quen i ngi...

Bn Karl Friedrich Tran: xin li c v ng anh ni t ti l hi nhm. em sng ti

cho hon cnh sut 20 nm th l qu . gi khng cn l lc ti cho hon cnh. dm bc

chn vo Uni c t l tt nghip thp l chp nhn cuc chi. Thua l do mnh ch chng do ai hay
mn hc g y ht. Cn v mn no kh, mi mn c 1 ci kh, ch mn no d ht. Vi em mn
kh nht l Ton v cc anh em ca n, bao gm Informatik, Physik, Biologie v Chemie. Nhng mn
ny phi c nng khiu, chm hay n lc th no cng ko n thua. tt nghip ko qu kh, nhng ra
vi im loi g l c 1 vn ln. Rt vui khi li c lm quen vs 1 sinh vin Diplom tt nghip.
-

Bn Truong Ho: i c th mu lm hng i, cn i theo dng phong tro hay ch v c b con

ngi thn c ri sang y du hc nh bao ngi th nn suy xt k li. Ni chung cc bn

nghim tc v tng lai ca mnh th nc c l t nc nn n. Cn ch mng tng du hc l 1
thay i 1 cuc sng mi th nn kim nc khc, v cuc sng mi ca cc bn ch c t v t i
m thi =)). Nghim tc v k lut th 1 nm d b + 5 nm i hc l sau 6 nm cc bn c bng
Thc s ri.
-

Bn Micheal Pham: Em rt n tng bi vit ny. Hin em ang l du hc sinh ti Lin Bang Nga.

Qu thc khng ch c m ti cc quc gia c nn gio dc tt vic hc rt vt v, c bit vi hc

sinh nc ngoi. Vn ln nht cng chnh l ngn ng. Lng quyt tm, ch kin cng, tinh thn
chm ch, phng php hc tp tt v thc ham hc hi, vn ln s gip ta vt qua ro cn ln
nht ny!
-

Bn ThuLin Luong: Thc ra ngnh no cng c ci kh ca ngnh , vde ln nht l ngn ng,

cn chuyn thi H Vn im km chc j sang y hc km hn nu ng ta chm ch n lc hn nhg

ngi im cao kia. Nu trnh t.anh gii ri th ng l ko nn chn i c lm j, ni chung nn cn
nhc. Nhng ci ng l ko nn lao u vo kim tin trong qu trnh hc, s kh m tp trung hc
c.
-

Bn Hnh Lux : Nu gia nh c iu kin th ng l khng nn i lm. Nhng mnh thit ngh a

phn nhng ngi i c hc nh chng ta th gia nh cng ch mc kh gi ch cha th ni mc

i gia c. Hn na vic i lm thm nh cc bn trn phn tch, n cng em li rt nhiu
tr nghim v kinh nghim. Nhn chung th chng ta nn lm c chng mc, lm vo cui tun hoc k
ngh l tt nht. Hoc ch lm mc sng, hoc 2/3 chi tiu l c ri. Cn li th xin thm gia
nh. Ad t hi vo hc Uni th xin mi nm c 50 triu thi.
-

Bn Dng Di Dt : Ting c khc ting Anh ch mi hc th kh, sau khong 1 nm mi v

vc ra, m khng phi c lu v ni ba th s gii ln. Nhn cc ng ch Th c vi chc nm

bn hng ch th bit, tt c cc mo t cho v 'din' ht. Lm sao trong mt thi gian ngn c th
hc thnh thc nghe ging, tranh lun bng ting c c?
-

Bn Hanh Phan: Vi nhng trng hp hc kinh t ko phi v yu thch ch ko phi v l s ng,

d g khi hc kinh t v tt nghip, ng nc ngoi lun b yu im v ngoi hnh cng nh ngn ng so

vi ng c. Nu bn khng ho nhp thc s khi hc H, s rt kh kim job. Ko ging nh bn k
thut, kin thc v im c th ng vai tr quan trng hn cn bn u b tc ri hay trng hi nerd
1 t c khi li thnh im cng (ko nh ni s ng m mnh ch v d trh c bit thi nh). Nhng vi

BWL ni nghe c v thc dng qu, nhng eo ba l i hc cng c th lm mnh qu khc bit so vi
s ng ri (lu l ng c bit th ngnh hc no cng c). Khi i phng vn, s t tin cng th hin
qua cch giao tip v qun o mnh mc. Lm lnh vc k thut, bn c th ch cn t c nh
, nhng marketing hay finance thbg xuyn phi present hay tip xc vi khch hng, ngn ng l
ro cn cng l yu im m mnh b positioned thp hn ng c, d mnh c th gii hn. y l kh
khn mnh thy 1 l do ko nh v sao ng nc ngoi kh kim vic khi tt nghip kte. Cn massenprodukt
th r l Bwl ri , nhan nhn, nhng ko c ngha l ko th c vic hoc v ng c kh kim vic m mnh
kh kim.
Vy b sung thm khuyn bn no ko im vo H vn ma mun hc kinh t th suy ngh k nh.
Cn hc k thut th nhng bn c kinh nghim comment sau vy .

Ngoi ra kinh nghim thc t khi i hc ng vai tr ko nh, ngha l praktikum lm bn thi gian ti
cc cng ty ... (lm qun hay cviec chn tay cng th hin minh l ng mnh m, nhng ko gip c nh
lm cho vic xin vic, nn theo mnh ng sa vo qu, mc d i khi thu nhp cao hn :-)))
-

Bn Hanh Phan : Cn l do sao mnh ni ko cn chn uni elite v rt t kinh nghim bn thn ra

thi. Hc khi ngnh kinh t thc t hc FH cng rt hay, nhiu praxis v trng nh hng cho i lm
praktikum ny n. Uni th mun lm j th lm(thi diplom), nn nh sv nc ngoi c cm ci hc xong
tn bng gii i chng na vn rt kh kim vic lm. Thi ca mnh v trong s nhng bn b hc bwl
ra trng xin c vic th 90% u l einsteigen vo ng cng ty m trc mnh lm prak hoc
werkstudent. Ko phi l ko mun th ch khc m th chn ch ri vnphair quay v chn c . Nht l
khi c crisis th li cng b a/h nng n hn. y l l do mnh ngh hoc FH hay hn vi nh ng ko c
akademisch lm (vd nh mnh). Nhng by gi chng trnh bachelor hnh nh cng thay i ni
dung hc v praxisorientiert hn. (Diplom ca uni mannheim cng nh praxis ri nhng mnh thy vn
cha ))), chc ti li). 1 s Uni cng c pflichtpraktikum nn cung ko khc FH g. Ni chung l s
la chn ca mi ng thi v tu preference l g . C nhn mnh thy ch nh hc master thi v ko ln
doctor th ko nht nh hc uni, qu nh theory ko cn thit . Tuy nhin l kin c nhn ca mnh cho
Tho Phan tham kho thi nh V mi ng mi quan nim m.
Ti sao ko cn hc tr elite nu thy mnh hoc qu li hoc ko gii lm l: Thc t hc BWL nhng tr
elite c kh hn tht, rt nh bn b ca mnh (c c ln VN), chy cht ri chuyn qua trg khc hc
u rt zufrieden 1 s cn l dng top sv khi qua ni khc hc na. Nhng n cng ging nh NG,
Ngoi thng vn vy m. Ko phi ai hc tr elite cng l elite student ko phi ai hc trng thng
cng km hn ng hc tr elite. Ni chung quan trng l bn thn mnh cn j v thy mnh mun / c th
lm c j thi. Gluck!
-

Bn Heejin Muggle : Mnh cng c mt vi kin nh trong v ny l i hc c th tt nht

l phi chun b vn ting kh bi v nu ko s rt kh ha nhp v b c lp, dn n kh nng bun

chn cao.ngi c kh lnh lng v t khi h hi vi ngi khng quen m nht l kh nng giao tip
ko tt lm. Cc nghnh x hi v master cng i hi trnh ting c nht nh bi lm vic nhm,
thuyt trnh rt nhiu.

V li kt cho nhng ang mang trong mnh gic m Deutschland chnh l : Quan im ca
bn Chu Duc Hieu
Nu xc nh i du hc d l u hy xem xt bn thn 1 cch nghim tc, nu bn thn 3 yu t
sau th hy ngh n chuyn du hc:
- Kinh t cho php
- Hc lc kh tr ln
- Tnh t gic cao v c ch quyt tm
Bng ko ci m bn nhn c s ch l TIC NUI!

c l 1 trong 3 quc gia (c, Nht, M) bc vo nn kinh t tr thc sm nht ca nhn loi.
Khc vi M v ging vi Nht, nc c b tn ph khc lit trong chin tranh th gii ln th 2.
Hn 50% nng lc cng nghip c b ph hu. Khong 5% tng vn t bn v ngoi t ca c b
dng bi thng chin tranh. T nm 1953 tr i, kinh t c mi phc hi. T nm 1960 tr i,
nn gio dc c mi c sng li. Th nhng ngy nay nn kinh t c mnh nht trong Lin minh
Chu u.
Ging nh Nht Bn, thng mi xut khu l mt trong nhng nhn t ch yu i vi s thnh cng
ca kinh t c. N khng da vo gi r, m ch yu da vo uy tn cht lng cao ca hng xut
khu, phn nh sc mnh c trong lnh vc khoa hc k thut, trong nghin cu v pht trin, trong
s o to lc lng lao ng lnh ngh mi lnh vc v mi cp ca ngh nghip. Trong sn
phm xut khu ca 1 s hng cng nghip then cht ca c, gi tr trung bnh ca hm lng tr
thc chim khong 60% gi thnh sn xut (Nht tng ng, M khong 62%).
Cc trng i hc tng hp c gp phn quan trng vo sc mnh c. Theo phng chm ca
cc i hc tng hp c: Thng nht gia nghin cu khoa hc v dy hc". Sinh vin c gn vic
hc ca h vi vic nghin cu nghim tc ngay trong trng.
Ngoi vic tip thu cc bi ging, h t c sch, lm nhiu bi tp v chuyn . H hc nghim tc
ngay c trong nhng cuc i chi tp th theo ch do cc Khoa t chc. H phi t lm quen vi
nhng quy nh v hc v thi, xem nh l Lut chi trong cc i hc tng hp.
Cui kho hc, h phi lm Lun vn, phi thi vn p v thi vit. Sinh vin i hc tng hp c phi
t xy dng k hoch hc c nhn ph hp vi nhng yu cu ca kho hc v ca tng hc k. H
phi t thc y ly mnh, c c nng lc lm vic c lp v sng kin c nhn. Khng ai k

n sn cho h. Cng khng c Gio s no thc p h. Chnh t , trn con ng hc tp v

nghin cu khoa hc, h tm c s t do tch khi mi con ng mn lao vo con ng ln
ca mnh" (Trch trong ti liu Hc tp v nghin cu c" ca C quan trao i hn lm c
DAAD).
V v th, ngay t bc trung hc, tr thnh sinh vin i hc tng hp, hc sinh c t lm quen
dn vi Lut chi kim tra v thi", t xy dng tnh lm vic c lp v sng to, sau ny khng b
ng vi cch hc cc i hc tng hp.
Khi c ti liu ny ca DAAD, anh bn ti kt lun l ch c". Nh li cch y chng 38 nm,
cng chu ng vi chng ta nhng ngy b bom B52 nh ph H Ni v sau cng vui mng vi
chng ta khi Hip nh Paris c k kt, nhng ngi bn Nga ni vi chng ti Chng ti t ho
vi ch Vit Nam".
Cn by gi, trong s nghip gio dc, liu bao gi s c ngi bn nc ngoi ni v chng ta l
ch Vit Nam" nh anh bn ti ni v nn gio dc ca nc c?
Vi nhng du hc sinh nh l "cng t", ra nc ngoi khng c s qun l cht ch ca b m,
trong tay c khon tin ln h cng thoi mi tiu xi. H Deventer, sinh vin Vit Nam ni ting l
dn n chi tiu tin nh rc.
Ai cng bit rng khi i du hc nc ngoi c rt nhiu mt tt, u tin phi k n l trnh ngoi
ng rt kh, kin thc rng, kinh nghim lm vic nhiu, c phong cch sng v lm vic hin i,
ng thi bng cp rt c gi tr. Bi vy, du hc cn tr thnh "min t ha", thnh "im ta" cho
khng t hc sinh tht bi trong k thi tuyn sinh H...
Trong vi nm tr li y cnh ca trng H khng ch l nim mong c chy bng ca ring nhng
hc sinh cui cp na m i vi nhiu ph huynh. Vic H ca con ci h cn l b mt ca b
m, gia nh, dng tc... Ch tiu vo H th hn ch trong khi nhu cu ca th sinh l rt cao. Nhiu
ph huynh c con ci trt H khng dm "vc mt" n c quan, ra ng. Anh em bn b c th
kinh t khng bng mnh nhng con ci h n my trng trong khi mnh chng thua h l my!
Ngng ngng, xu h l cm gic chung ca a s ph huynh.
Vy vi nhng ngi coi trng bng cp, coi trng ci danh y th u l gii php? Cu tr li l DU
HC. L do th nht l du hc hin khng phi l vic qu kh khn vi nhng gia nh c iu kin
kinh t. Hai l i du hc va c ting l "oai" li va gii quyt c tnh trng trt H nh lm xu
mt b m m khi v li c bng cp "nh ai".
Nguyn Kim Dung (H Vn Nam, TQ) tm s y bt mn: "i du hc trn trnh tht bi, khng
H nh th cho sang bn ny, kiu g hc xong ra trng cng c ci bng nc ngoi, ai c ch th
bng gii m khng th bng km, th thi". Bt ng hn, ng Nguyn Vn Hi (Bc Giang) ni trc k
thi H ca con: "Ch lm sn ht giy t ri, trt ci l cho sang Sing (Singapore) lun, khng chm
tr. Nm th hai ri m". Thm ch c nhng gia nh cho con i du hc v trt H, s nh lu lng,
ri dnh vo chch ht, cc t nn x hi lc no khng hay.

Cui h va ri, PV Gio Dc Thi i sang nh ng bc chi. Khi hi thm v ngi anh h thi H 2
nm cha , bc va ci va ni: "Tng c sang Trung Quc ri chu ! i cho khi nga mt. N i
bc cng chng bo ai, ai hi th ni thi". Tht l khng bit nn ci hay khc. Nh thi xa h nh
ai c con c i du hc b m hnh din bit bao...
Nhng chuyn trn y cng ch xut pht t tm l ca b m mun con mnh hc cao, hn ngi,
khng mun con mnh thua thit bn b... u cng l hp tnh hp l. Cn vi nhng du hc sinh "bt
c d" th cng chng cn s la chn no khc. nh cng ch thm bun, xu h, vy i du hc l
bin php tt nht.
i l chuyn khng kh nhng v thch nghi c khng li l chuyn khc. Thu Linh (H
Heidelberg, CHLB c) sau mt nm hc ting v mt nm hc chuyn ngnh phi v nc v khng
theo kp chng trnh. Cn c nhng bn sang hc 2 nm ting nhng ch thi c HSK (chng ch
ting Trung Quc) n cp 3 (cp 8 l cao nht, ai qua c cp 8 s c t chn chuyn ngnh hc
m khng phi thi).
Vi nhng du hc sinh nam nh l "cng t", ra nc ngoi khng c s qun l cht ch ca b
m, trong tay c khon tin ln h thoi mi tiu xi. o Chu Long (H Fontys, H Lan) ni: "Ngy
xa mnh tng hc H Deventer, sinh vin Vit Nam ni ting l dn n chi tiu tin nh rc.
Chng bit h qua y hc hay t tin cha m. Mnh v mt s sinh vin khc khng chu ni
cuc sng phi chy xung Fontys hc. Sinh vin trn y, trung bnh mi nm nhn c
khong 25.000 n 30.000 Euro/nm. Vi nhiu sinh vin, ch cn 1/3 s tin y c mt cuc sng
y khng phi i lm thm kim vic cc nhc".
Kh khn vi nhng du hc sinh "cao cp" ny hu nh rt t, c chng ch l do h t to ra. "Nhng
sinh vin c b m cho i hc cuc sng tt v y , khng phi i lm thm v n gin nh h
cng rt sng. Sang bn ny ngi ngho cng khng phi t nn ch n lt mnh lm nhng
vic nh ra bt, bng b, giao hng... (Nguyn Huy Trng, H Kun Ming, Trung Quc). t quan tm
cng vic chnh l hc, h thm ch cn chia phe nh nhau (du hc sinh nam), t tp ru ch qu
chn say xn... Trng hp ca L Thanh Tng (H Thanh Hoa, Trung Quc) do ung ru say vi
nc chy trn ngm t tng di, hu qu l b pht 3.000 t (tng ng hn 5 triu ng VN).
Chng ta rt bit nhng kh khn ca cc du hc sinh nh: thch nghi kh hu v thi tit, bt ng
ngn ng, thc n, mi trng sng, vic lm thm, hay chng minh ti chnh... Nhng ri chnh t
nhng kh khn h t vn ln khng nh mnh. Du hc sinh VN so vi cc nc khc cng khng
thua km l my - xt kha cnh no chng ta cn t ho v h. Nhng "con su lm ru ni
canh", khng bit bn b quc t s ngh g khi chng kin nhng bt cp m cc du hc sinh VN ang
"th hin".
Nguyn Tin Dng (H Halle, CHLB c) tm s: "Bn thn ti thy rng, i du hc l mt iu rt tt.
Nhng lm sao bin du hc thnh c hi hc tp, tch lu, trau di, hc hi v t c c m,
hoi bo ca mnh... mi l iu quan trng. Nu ch hc kim tm bng ri v nc th theo ti hc
VN cng cn tt hn nhiu. Ti cng hy vng sau khi v nc s lm c iu g thit thc bi ti
lun nh mnh ra i t u!".

Nu c nh du hc ti c th bn nn bt u chun b hnh trang cho mnh mt nm trc , bi

t chc hnh chnh ti nc ny rt cht ch v i hi phi c khong thi gian nht nh hon tt
mi th tc.
iu k l c. Hu ht sinh vin c khng ngh n chuyn tt nghip cho n khi h xp x 30
tui. L do l sinh vin c c u i nhiu nh bo him y t r, thu thp, c gim gi khi n
cc im gii tr, du lch v d nhin l c tr gi khi dng cc phng tin giao thng cng cng.
Gii ch cng thch thu sinh vin lm thm v h s khng phi tr khon tin bo him x hi hay
tin tr cp.
Quyn r du hc c. Rt nhiu sinh vin, hc sinh Vit Nam mong mun c hc tp ti c v h
c ngi nh ti c hay v mt nc c ni ting vi nhng sn phm hng nht, trong c gio
dc?
Theo b Nguyn Ngc Lan, Gim c Cng ty T vn Gio dc o to Atlantic, c hai im mu cht,
mt l: hc ti c c min 100% hc ph cc bc hc, hai l: gio dc c rt mnh v cc ngnh
ang l mt i vi gii tr nh cng ngh thng tin, ch to my v ti chnh ngn hng. Ngoi ra
cng phi k n mt nc c rt n nh v chnh tr v i sng kinh t, vn ha c c tri u
trn c nc.
Tp ch International Living mi y xp hng c l quc gia th 4 trn th gii c cht lng
cuc sng tt nht. Ti c hng nm c l hi Techno-rung Berlin, l hi nhc rock, cc bui ha nhc
c in ti cc nh ht ln cng nh chng trnh m nhc ng ph. Cha ht, mt dn tc c
chung th thao sn sng cho bn c hi n vi mn th thao yu thch
Nhng khng qu d. Ci g cng c gi ca n, ng n c du hc khng ch l chuyn bay 20
gi m trc cn mun vn kh khn. Ci th nht khng d l ngn ng. Hy tng tng nu
mun hc ti c bng ting Anh, ngay t by gi, bn phi chun b bng cp ting Anh (cc trng
yu cu t nht l TOEFL 550 hoc tng ng). Cn tt nhin vn ting c s gip ch rt nhiu cho
bn nhng ti Vit Nam, cc a ch hc ting c cng khng phong ph nh ting Anh.
Khng ging mt vi nn gio dc d chu khc, c vn cha c chng trnh o to ph thng
cho ngi nc ngoi. hc i hc c, bn bt buc phi hc t nht mt hc k ti mt kha i
hc chnh quy ca mt trng i hc c cng nhn ti Vit Nam v phi hc ng chuyn ngnh
tng hc ti c. V d, mt sinh vin ngnh Ngoi ng c th hc Ngn ng hc hoc Dch ti c,
nhng khng th chuyn sang hc Y.
Liu c s la chn th khc? Khng sang c du hc, bn vn c th theo hc nn gio dc i hc
ca c ti trng i hc Vit - c (VGU) - trng cng lp ca Vit Nam c c cu o to v qun
l theo m hnh ca i hc c ti TP. H Ch Minh.
Nguyn Phm Quang Huy, sinh vin nm i cng ti VGU cho bit: Bng c nhn m chng ti
ang hc ti VGU do i hc Khoa hc ng dng Frankfurt ca c cp. Chng ti chc chn rng s
tm c mt vic lm sau khi tt nghip vi tm bng ny km trong h s ca mnh.

VGU to c hi cho nhng sinh vin hc lc kh, gii tip cn vi nhng chng trnh o to v
nghin cu y thch thc trong mi trng quc t ti chnh trn t Vit. VGU cng dnh chnh sch
hc ph u i cho sinh vin Vit Nam, to c hi tip cn vi nn gio dc cht lng cao ti Vit
Nam.
u im du hc c:
- Cht lng gio dc cao v bng cp c cng nhn trn ton th gii
- Min 100% hc ph cho cc kho hc i hc v cao hc ( ti a s cc bang - admin sa)
- D dng chn la kho hc ph hp vi trn 360 trng i hc cng lp vi hng trm ngnh hc
- H tr khoa hc c bit i vi sinh vin nc ngoi
- C hi lm thm trau di ngoi ng v kinh nghim sng
- Cc kho hc linh hot bng ting Anh hoc ting c.
n gi ny l nm th su ti sng nc c xa xi nhng ti vn nh nhng cm gic nhng
ngy ngy u sang y du hc.
Khi mi ra khi sn bay Berlin-Tegel, ngi trong xe t, ngm ng cao tc v ng ph Berlin, cm
gic mi l tht tuyt vi lm ti ho hc v bit bao c m li cng hin r trong ti. Lc ti thy
mnh tht hnh phc v c t chn ln nc c nh bao ngi thm kht khao, ao c.
Hm ti i, b ni ti c dn: "Sang chu s kh lm y. Chu c gng chu ng nh". Lc ti
ci v thm ngh: "C g m kh, m kh my cng chu c". Khi ang lm h s du hc, lc no ti
cng ngh v mt t nc vn minh, v cnh ti c ngi thn a i thm quan y nhng
ngy u. Mt mnh do bc trn nhng con ng th mng tri y l vng vo ma thu, nhng
con ng sch p, nhng khu ph vn minh hng u th gii. Ti tng tng ra nhng cnh th
mng y trong phim.
Nhng i thi, ri c u nh ti tng tng. Tt c t mnh lm, t mnh hiu, t mnh khm ph v
t mnh mnh bit. Chng ai c thi gian m i chi, ai cng cm u vo cng vic, sut ngy ch
lm v lm.
Tu cao tc i nhanh, tu in i li d dng hoc khng th ton i bng t, qu thun tin so vi
Vit Nam. Nhng cng ch v thun tin qu m ngi xa cng c th i hc tn Berlin. Cng chnh v
tin th m ti phi thc dy lc 5 gi sng hng ngy i hc. Liu Vit Nam ai phi thc dy
sm th i hc cha?

Nhiu hm c toa tu gia ma ng tuyt trng ch c mt mnh ti, i hai n ba ting mi ti

trng. Ti ch c ao gp c mt ngi Vit nghe ting Vit, ti thy m lng. Ti c ngi ngh
v ni xa xi. Ti ngh v bn b ti, ti ngh v gia nh ti, ti ngh v mi ngi, ti ngh v Vit
Nam. Cng ngh ti cng mong mt ngy v thm qu, mt ngy quay tr li ni ti ra i. C ln ti
mun khc.
Mt hai nm u, ngy no cng nh ngy no, sng dy sm lm bnh m mang n trng n.
Nhiu hm sau gi ngh gia tra, ti li thi mt mnh tm mt ch no n bnh m. Nhiu khi nut
ming bnh m m nghn c c. Ti thy mnh tht ng thng. Vit Nam th bn b i mt cu l
c, tan gi l tm nm tm ba. y vy m bn ny lc no cng mt mnh. Ai bit vic ngi y. Ht
gi l ch c v phng ring, nh ring ca mnh, khng ai chung ng ci g.
C hm i lm thm v khuya, ht tu ti phi i n sng nh ga. Liu c ai thu hiu cnh mt
mnh b v ni x ngi m khuya vng? C ai hiu tm trng ca mt ngi phi ngi mt mnh qua
m nh ga. m khuya lnh mt mnh, may thay ti c in thoi v th gi v Vit Nam, ti
c v c gi v Vit Nam. Lc ti ch mong sao u kia ngi nhc my l ngi ti cn gp, l
ngi ti mun chia s. Ti ch c lc nghe c nhng ging ni thn quen ca bn b ti lm ti
m lng. Ti ch mong sao ti ni chuyn c lu, tht lu qun i ci lnh, qun i cm gic n
c m khuya vng. Nhng ti ch ni qua loa c vi pht, ti u c gp c bn b ti. Ti bit
gi v nh ti l c b m ti nghe, nhng ti u mun h bit ci cnh . Liu ai c mun cho
ngi thn mnh bit khi mnh lm vo hon cnh ?
Chuyn k ra na c l phi di nh Nghn l mt m. Nhng nhng lc nh th lm sao ti c th
qun c.
Dn dn ti mi hiu th no l qu hng. Lc no ti cng ngh v Vit Nam, v qu hng ti. Ti
mi bit rng, d t nc ngi ta c vn minh nht th gii, c sch p nht th gii, c hin i
nht th gii, nhng ngi ta u ni ting Vit, ngi ta u n cm, ngi ta u c sng chung my
th h di mt mi nh. D mnh c n bnh mnh, c n xc xch, c ni hallo th mnh cng u
c l ngi c, mi mi mnh vn l ngi Vit Nam.
Ti ch cn mt nm na l ti s v hn Vit Nam, ti bit kh khn Vit Nam cn nhiu, v ti cng
cha bit mnh s lm g, lm vic u khi v. Nhng ti vn v, ti s v, v l ni ti c sinh
ra, ni ti c bn b, c nhng ngi thn. V ni l qu hng ti.
C l s c mt vi ngi khi c nhng dng ny, nht l nhng ngi cha tng i xa, cha tng t
chn ln x ngi s cha hiu c nhng ci vt v, c cc m ti mun ni. Nhng c i xa mi
bit, c nhng vic nh tng chng rt n gin, ngh th d dng vt qua, nhng thc t khi i xa
vic nh c khi li l o ni lp bin.
Nh nm u x ngi, khi cm pho u tin ca nm mi vt ln cao, cng l lc khch
kha tn ht ra ngoi xem. My a sinh vin bi bn bn ti v nhm phc v nh hng
cng c ngi tay dn dp. (Hoi Linh, c)

Sng nay, nh thng l, ti m laptop i tin nhn bn nh. Ca s cht Yahoo sn ch t

ng login. "Ch Hai i, sp n Tt ri. Bn ch c chun b g n Tt khng? Em rt mong ch v
...l x cho em :-)".
Dng offline message ca a em gi khin ti khng li, ngi ngn ra. Mt nhe dn i. Nhanh tht.
Mi m 5 ma Tt tri qua, 5 ln khng c sum hp cng gia nh. Ni nh nh bng dng ln
cn co, quay qut trong ti. Thi gian c lao i vn vt c ch i ai u. Nhng k c xa xa nh cn
gi bt cht a v, lt gi tng trang nht k th u th.
Tr con ai chng mong ngng Tt v. Thch nht l vi ngy sau khi tin ng To chu tri, tm chiu
chiu, m hay o ti sau xe do ph ngm hoa. Kh tri gip Tt se lnh, ti co ro trong chic o
khoc theo m len li ht hng hoa ny n hng hoa khc. Mnh mng bao nhiu l lc non, chi bic
ua nhau khoe sc di nh nng vng. Mai, o, vn th, thc dc, cm chng, cm ly, thy tin,
mo g, trng nguyn, hng dng... i thi l nhiu. Cy king th c bonsai, qut (tc) th, nguyt
qu, mai t qu, chui cnh, xng rng... vi hnh th un ln. Ti nh m mn i trc v rc r
trn tr ca cy c ma xun.
Thng th ti nhanh chng b cun vo vic mi mit xem cy qut no c nhiu qu nht, cm t ch
thin no xm tri nht ch m mua. Hu nh nm no m cng chn hai chu cc mm xi tht to
t trc ca. M bo: "mu vng tng trng cho tin bc, ph qu; cn mm cc cng to th lc
vo nh cng nhiu". Ti thch lm ci cm gic c vut ve nh nh ln khp b mt ci mm cc
y. N gi ln mt ni xc cm rt c bit, xao xuyn n l k. N mn man gan bn tay v len loi
vo tn ng ngch tm hn ca mt a tr nh ti. n tn by gi, bao nhiu nm tri qua, ti
vn cn nh nh in s mm mi ca mm hoa ngy no. Thu y, ti tng ao c, gi nh m c tht
nhiu tin mua ht tt c nhng hng cc mm xi. Ri mang v nh, k tht st cc chu cc vo
nhau, dt thnh tm thm hoa khng l. V ti s th mnh ln y ht h, mn trn ht ci mt
m ca hoa.

Sau ny, khi xa nh i du hc, ti c dp thy nhng th rung bt ngn ci du(*) ca nng dn c.
Ma tr bng, xa ngt tm mt ch ton hoa ci vng ti ging ht mm cc khng l ngy no trong
tr tng tng ca ti. Qu vui sng, ti th mnh chy bng bng gia nhng lung hoa vng m
v ci reo thch th. Ri ti gieo mnh nm trn thm hoa, lim dim ngm tri xanh bt ngt. Gic m
tui th tr thnh hin thc ri! Lng ti phn chn qu i. Nhng cht t khe mi a ra dng nc
mt nghn ngo. Tm trng bng ri bi, thm hi bn thn: "chng l c phi xa qu hng mi t
c mng c ca mnh ?".
Khong 29 Tt l lc nh ti rc rch chung lon go, ming tht vi cc bc, cc ch trong h chun b
gi bnh chng. Mt chic chiu ci c tri ra gia khong sn nh ng ni. Trn y by la lit
nguyn liu lm bnh: l dong xanh ngt, go np vo trng ngn, xanh xt v vng m, tht
heo p hnh tm lm tm ht tiu en. Bn cnh l dy lt do v khung vung p bnh. Ngi ln
va thon thot gi, va rm r tr chuyn. Bn tr con chng ti n a nghch ngm bn ngoi i.
Khi sp ht nhn bnh, ng ti s vt nt phn cn d ca go, v tht lm thnh ci "bnh gii". L

tr chng ti gi vy, v ng ginh ci bnh chng b y cho a no ngoan v hc gii nht nh

nm qua.
Nhng th v nht c l l phn luc bnh. V m hay mua sn khoai lang y. Khi la c nhm
ln v than hng, bn tr chng ti tranh nhau qung khoai vo ri hau hu i khoai chn. Mi
khoai nng thm nc mi lm my ci mm chp chp y thm thung. Mt nm m mua ln ln c
khoai lang v khoai ty. T y ti bit rng, khoai ty nng chm ng n cng ngon o chng
km g khoai lang.
Ci "pht minh" v i t thi xa lc y cu nguy ti kh nhiu ngy mi chn t chn ro ti c.
Vn Vit Nam ch thch n rau c cc loi chung vi cm, ti khng th nhanh chng thch nghi vi
n nc bn ton nhng ph mai, xc xch, b sa bo n pht ngn. Hi mi qua, ti cn thi quen
qui i Euro ra tin Vit nn tht hu bao rt cht, chng dm mua nhiu chu nhp khu t .
May m c l x s khoai ty nn th c ny rt r. Bao nhiu mn t khoai ty c ti tr ti sng
to: mn khoi khu khoai ty nng chm ng lm thc n sng, khoai ty v nng n km
tht, khoai ty trn tht bm t l, khoai ty thi mng trn nc st nng, vn vn...

Sm 30 Tt hng nm l thi im gia nh ti nhn nhp dn dp v trang tr nh ca n xun v. B

lau chi bn th t tin, nh bng l ng, cn m t mn sp mm ng qu. Mng cu, tri da nh,
qu u , xoi xanh theo cu "Cu va xi" c m u tin nn nm no cng c mt. Thm
nhnh sung nm mi sung tc; my tri cam, qut, bi mm qu thm xm t. Ti thng
quanh qun bn m gip ta l, ct cnh, dn tm giy c ch Trung Quc g (chc ch Phc, Lc
hay Th) vo cp da hay cp bi. Ri ti li lon ton gip b qut nh, ra tch ung tr, treo thip
ln cnh mai, lau chi bn gh... Va lm, ti va ng ng h v lm nhm tnh li xem cn bao lu
na s n giao tha.
Bao nhiu vic lt vt, kh l nhiu i vi mt a tr. Nhng ti lm vi tt c s hng say v tin
tng rng, may mn s n nhiu hn khi nh ca sch s, tm tt. Thnh thong m i ngang dn
d: "Qut cho sch nha con, n Tt l k khng c qut nh ti ht mng ". Sau ba cm ti, b
s tht mt con g trng cng giao tha. Ti lun xung phong ph b gi cnh, tm chn ng rnh
tay ct tit. B chiu ti l chnh, ch sc mn ca tr con c my ht m i gip. Lc sp ct c
g, ng thng lm nhm: "Cui nm, tao ha kip my, kip sau lm con khc sng hn con g nhe
my!". Ln u nghe vy, ti nght mt hi li: "Kip con no sng hn kip con g h b?". ng ch
ph ci m khng tr li.
ng thi khc giao tha thing ling, b m gi ti li, xoa u tru mn v chc ti mau n chng
ln, vng li, hc gii. Hi m cha sinh thm em b, nn ti nghim nhin l cc cng trong nh.
Ti nghe chc ch na phn, na phn cn li chm ch vo ci phong bao cht b ang cm trn
tay. Nm trc, ti hc lm c t thng T sn trong xm my cu chc thit hay. Nh vy m b l x
ti nhng 2 ln. Nm nay, lm y nh nm ngoi, i b m chc xong, ti ng dng ro ro:"Tt n
xun sang, con chc, c nh an khang, tin vo nh nc, ngp y hng phc". B ti bt ci ha
h, ri rt mt lc 2 phong bao li x thng con gi. Cng nhn thng T sn hay qu x. Khng bit ai

dy, m nm no n cng th sn vi cu chc rt vn, kiu nh "nm Mo sp sang, xin chc, c nh

an khang, quyn chc leo thang, t y bc vng" hoc "vn s nh , tin nhiu nng k, cng vic
va , sng lu mt t".
Ri c nh ko nhau ra sn ngm pho bng. Tng chm, tng chm rc r c ua nhau vn mnh
trn bu tri en thm cho n pht giy giao thoa thing ling. Tr con nn chng ngh ngi nhiu,
thy Tt c l x, c coi t pho l vui ci tot ming ri. Sau ny ln ln mt cht, ti thng
nghe m khe kh th di bn cnh: "Chc ng b ngoi qu cng ang ngm pho bng! Lu qu ri
khng v thm hai c". Ni nh qu cha t t ca m c l cng da dit nh ni nh nh ca con ni
x ngi lc Tt sp v phi khng m?
Nh nm u tin ni x ngi, khi cm pho u tin ca nm mi n mnh vt ln cao, cng l lc
khch kha tn ht ra ngoi xem pho. My a sinh vin bi bn bn ti v nhm phc v nh hng
cng c ngi tay dn dp. Thn th ng ngm tng t pho tun tro m thy nh c sng trong
lng. Mc d l Tt ty, nhng bu tri rc sng nh ho quang lc by gi ging ht giao tha qu
nh nm no. Ch khc l khng c mi nhang phng pht, khng c mm cng ng b t tin, cng
chng c ng qu hay cp da. c bit l lnh. Lnh t ti, but tn y lng. Lnh v gi v tuyt.
Nhng sao bng ci lnh su thm trong tm hn ca mt a con phi xa gia nh, hi ai c hiu cho
chng?
Sng mng Mt Tt, m thng cho ti "th ga" ng nng n hn 10 gi mi gi dy. Sau , c
nh sa son n nh ng ni tp trung n tra. Truyn thng bn ni nm no cng th. C tra ngy
u nm, ht thy h hng s quy qun nh ng tn hng mt ba n m m. cng l dp
mi ngi sum hp bn nhau, cng nhau n li nhng k nim xa xa hi cn ngoi Bc v qua tht
cht thm tnh rut tht trong i gia nh. Bui chiu, bn tr chng ti tm nm tm by chi Bu
Cua C Cp n tn ti. a thng th h h v c nhiu may mn. a thua cng chng bun, v s
bun s "dng" c nm.
Qua mng 2 ti hay "bm cng" b i thm my bc, my ch h hng xa kim tin l x. Heo t
ca ti c nm nhn i, ring my ngy ny c ch v bo lin tc. n tn mng 3, mng 4 b mi
ch ti i thm bn b v qua my nh trong xm chi. Thng th tm ny m cng h t t mm
ng qu hoc b cp da. Da m la v lun mng, rut au, n ngt xt mt lm tn rut gan.
Trong tr nh cn non nt ca ti thu y, my ngy Tt tri qua nhanh lm. Mi hm no cn nhai
mt b, cn ht da ri tung tng khp xm vi chng bn; hm sau phi lm cm dy sm vc cp
i hc ri. Bi vy, sut thi th u, lc no ng trong ti cng l ni tic nui hng v Tt qua v
s nng lng mong Tt li mau n.
Ln ln, mi mit theo ui nhng d nh v hoi bo ln lao, ti ri qu nh hc tp tn nc c
xa xi. Tt by gi ch cn l hoi nim p mt thi. iu ny ng chng ring g vi ti, m ng
vi tt c cc bn du hc sinh khng c iu kin thm gia nh vo my ngy ngn ngi cui thng
chp m lch. Khi nh nh qu hng Vit Nam n nc lm mt, mui da hnh hay gi bnh chng
chun b n xun, th ti c, l Ging Sinh qua rt lu v nhp sng hng ngy ph y lp o
bnh thng ca n.

Trong gii sinh vin, tm cui thng 1 u thng 2 dng lch l lc cao im thi c. Lng qung hc
bi khng k rt phi thi li k sau th hng bt. Cng sc sut hc k ht xung sng xung bin.
Ai va hc va lm th lc ny khng thi gian m ng na, ni chi n t chc Tt. M t chc Tt
vi ai by gi? Dn bn x th min bn, loi khi danh sch. Ngi Vit cng chng c nhiu, ngoi tr
ti cc thnh ph ln nh Berlin, Munich hay Frankfurt thi. Ch thnh ph b hay tnh l th chng
kim u ra c. Cho nn ti v vi bn khc thng t li thnh nhm ri t chc nu nng chung
nh ai , hoc c nm i tu n thnh ph ln, nhp vo mt hi sinh vin ngi Vit y.
Chng ti chun b cng y cc mn ra tr: g luc, ch gi, canh mng hm chn gi, xo
thp cm. My th "quc hn, quc ty" ch lc ngy Tt nh bnh chng, gi la, hnh mui v mt
cc loi ch yu c mua ca hng chu . ng 6h ti, tc giao tha Vit Nam, chng ti nng ly
chc nhau nhng iu tt lnh. Ri ai cng tn ra gi in, vit tin nhn v nh, hoc lao vo laptop
ngng ngi thn online Yahoo cht.
l my nm sau ny khi quen nhiu anh ch ngi Vit c. Ch hi mi sang, ci Tt u tin
ca ti qu l ti thn qu i. Hc k nm y phi thi khong 10 mn, hc bi gn cht. Ngy 30 Tt,
sau khi chin u xong mn th 2 trong cng mt ngy thi, ti lao o tr v phng tr lc gn 4 gi
chiu. Mt mi v hm trc thc khuya hc bi, ti ln ra ng ly sc. May m cn nh l my ngy
trc c hn vi m s online ni chuyn vo giao tha nn ng h bo thc lc 6 gi ti. Chung
reo, ti vng dy chy n m my tnh.
C nh ang ngm pho hoa v i ti bn kia mn hnh. Nghe ting pho, ting chc mng nm
mi ca b m v em gi m ti c nghn ngo, tht tht mi. Lc y c g c ng bt hay b Tin
no ha php ci vo, ti lp tc "chui tt" vo mn hnh laptop, a v hng giao tha vi c
gia nh Vit Nam. Nhng tic rng mong c mi ch l c mong... Tht tht mt lc ri li phi ly
tay qut nc mt, t trn an mnh "rng ln, cn c vi hc k na l xong, ri li c v qu n Tt".
Giao tha nm y ch ngn ngi mi vy...Ti chng th nn n ni chuyn lu thm vi b m...2 mn
thi k tip ang i ti ngy mai...
B m i, ch vi ngy na l Tt con Mo ri. Nm nay con li nh li hn ln na, khng th v qu
n Tt cng c nh. Ln th 6 tht ha ri b m nh? Con c ha tht nhiu ri tht ha cng tht
nhiu, ng gin qu i! Xin b m tha li cho con, v hy tin rng, a con ch bit ha sung ny
lun hng v ni "chn nhau ct rn", v lun mong mi c hng trn vn mt ci Tt m cng
bn gia nh. Con xa khng th gip b dn nh, ph m sp mm ng qu. Thng qua VnExpress,
con mun gi li chc tt lnh nht n ng b, b m, cc bc, cc c ch trong gia nh. Ring i
vi c gi khp ni, hy coi bi vit ca ti l "li qu chp nht dng di", ch mong gip cc bn
"mua vui cng c mt vi trng canh".
Nm ht Tt n, chc mi ngi ai cng gp hn v cuc sng lun pht ln.

Vi nhng sinh vinmun du hc ti c, ngoi nhng th tc hnh chnh v php l cn thit, bn

phi hon thnh tng cng 600 tit hc ngoi ng c chia thnh nhiu kha hc ca Vin Goethe,
sau phi thi ly bng mi c i s qun c ti Vit Nam cp visa du hc.
Mt trong nhng kh khn ln nht ca sinh vin VitNam sang c du hc l ting c, nht l ni v
hiu. Mc d tri qua mt lp o to Vit Nam, nhng mi th vn b ng v mi l khi sng
trong mi trng m khi quay v bt k hng no bn ch ton nghe thy ting c.
V vy phn ln sinh vin u ng k vo mt lp hcting c ngn hn khong 3-6 thng, sau
thi vo hc d b. Nu bn cha tng hc i hc, bn phi hc T - Kurs, tc l ton, l, ha v ting
c (nu ngnh bn hc chuyn v t nhin), cn nu bn hoc ang hc d i hc Vit Nam th
phi hc kha DSH, tc l ch ton v ting c. Khi thi u DSH, bn c th np n vo trng i
hc.
c l mt nc chu u c nn kinh t pht trin, thnn vic du hc mt t nc y tim nng
nh th s l c hi ln bn xy dng con ng s nghip, d la chn sau ny ca bn l li
lm vic hay v nc xy dng qu hng. Tuy nhin, cng nh bao sinh vin i du hc cc nc
khc, nhng kh khn u tin trong vic hc, thu nh v cc khon chi ph khc l iu khng trnh
khi. Tm s vi ti, anh Chu Mnh Tun - sinh vin nm 3 khoa khong sn & du kh Trng i hc
Tng hp k thut Bergakademie Freiberg, ni:
Nm u ni chung c nhiu kh khn v tht ra nghecng cha hiu c nhiu, phng php dy
bn ny c khc so vi Vit Nam l khng c ti liu hc, ch yu nghe ging v chp tay, thy ging
bng my chiu, nu c ti liu th cng ch c hnh nh minh ha l ch yu (m hnh nh ny phn
ln dng ting Anh) ch khng gii thch cn k vn . Cc khoa ca trng i hc bn ny phn b
ri rc nn vic di chuyn kh kh khn nu khng c xe p.
Sinh vin c rt ha nh v thn thin, h sn snggip bn khi gp kh khn. Bn cng nn m
rng lng mnh, bit ngi bit ta, ng mc cm m thu mnh li nh th bn s nhanh chng tr
thnh ngi c c. Ti gp khng t bn gi khi sang bn ny du hc trong nhng ngy thng u
tin, khi phi t lp gia vng tri mi, xa gia nh, xa nhng k nim v b ni nh giy v khin h
ch mun ngy mai xch vali tr v qu hng.
Chnh bn thn ti cng khng nm ngoi vng quaychung y, c nhng lc nh nh ti ch mun
bung xui tt c, nhng ri cht nh n li dn ca mt ngi bn hc: "Yn Anh i, hy gt nc
mt chy ra ngoi kt bn v ha nhp vo cuc sng mi nhanh ln, chng mnh ch mong ngy
thnh t tr v ca bn!".
Phn ln trng i hc ca c by gi thu hc ph500 euro cho mi k hc, nhng vn c mt s t
tiu bang nh Berlin, Sachsen-Anhalt... min hc ph cho sinh vin. Ngoi s tin hc ph phi ng,
bn cn phi chi ph cho sch v, tu xe khi i thc tp hay d ngoi, in thoi lin lc vi ging vin,
tin n . S ng sinh vin bn ny sng trong k tc x v gi r, bn c phng ring, ch dng chung
bp v nh tm vi nhng sinh vin khc.

Nhng sinh vin Vit Nam sang c du hc phn ln uthu nh ring v 3-4 ngi chung. Tin
thu nh mi ngi gp vo tr d sao vn r hn khi trong k tc x v cng l ngi Vit vi
nhau nn c nhiu thun li. Vic tm nh bn ny kh d dng do c trung tm t vn min ph gn
nn sinh vin khng gp nhiu kh khn trong vn ny.
Theo thng k ca nc c, trung bnh mt sinh vini hc chi ph khong 600-700 euro mi thng.
c tin trang tri cho vic hc v cuc sng, nhiu sinh vin Vit Nam c gia nh ti tr cng vi
s tin i lm thm. Nhng c khng t bn tr phi t lo hon ton v mi th, h tranh th lm thm
vo cui tun hay trong cc k ngh cc nh hng, tim bn qun o tch ly cho nhng thng ti.
i hc Vit Nam khc nhiu so vi c, c nhiu bn tr ngh rng hc nc ngoi d hn hc
Vit Nam, nhng tht s iu cha hon ton ng. Theo li ch Trn Hng Nga th bn ny t
hc nhiu, hc cn bn hn, thc t hn v n thc cht l "hc" hn. Phi tha nhn mt iu l hc
c thc tp rt nhiu, iu ny nhng bn tr c rn luyn ngay t khi hc ph thng, thy c
c kin thc rt rng, trnh ting Anh cao, vi tnh kh nn khi bn hi vn g lin quan n mn
hc, h tr li kh d dng. Phng php ging dy cng khc Vit Nam, ni nhiu vit t.
Ti l mt thnh vin c th gi l i du hc theocch hiu ca ngi Vit Nam v ti hc c kh
lu. Nhng ti khng chn con ng vo i hc ngay sau khi tt nghip THPT m chn cho mnh con
ng khc cho tng lai, l va hc va lm. Sau khi tt nghip ph thng c, ti np h s
vo mt cng ty ca c, sau nhng ngy ln ging ng hc l thuyt, ti li tr v cng ty
thc hnh. Tt nhin khi ra trng bng cp s khng c gi tr cao nh bng i hc v thi gian
hc ngn hn v kin thc cng gii hn hn, nhng b li ti c c l thuyt ln kinh nghim thc
tin.
Khng ch Vit Nam m ngay c c vn cn nhiu trng hp sinh vin tt nghip i hc, khi ra
trng h vn b ng. Mt tm bng tt nghip loi kh hay gii ngy nay cha ni ln c g c, n
cha tht s l tm v u tin tm vic lm, nu bn khng bit bin nhng l thuyt trng vo thc
hnh. Khi nhu cu ca cc cng ty cng cao th s i hi sinh vin cng ngy cng tr nn a dng!
Giy php hc i hc (Hochschulzugangsberechtigung) ca cc ng vin nc ngoi t mt s nc
nht nh Chu u, Chu , Chu Phi v Chu M ch c th tng i ngang gi tr vi bng T Ti
c. Chnh v vy cc ng vin ny u phi tham d "k thi kim nh" (Feststellungsprfung) trc
khi vo hc tht s.
Lp d b i hc ca c m ra vi nhng mc ch no ?
K thi ny tn y thc cht l "k thi kim tra cht lng dnh cho cc ng vin nc ngoi
c hc i hc ti CHLB c" (Prfung zur Feststellung der Eignung auslndischer Studienbewerber
fr die Aufnahme eines Studiums an Hochschulen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland).
Lp d b i hc s cung cp cho cc sinh vin t cc nc kin thc y v ngn ng cng nh v
chuyn ngnh tr gip cho vic hc i hc sau ny. V cc bn s c tham d cc tit hc chun
b theo cc hng trng tm v sau s qua k thi kim nh.
Hin ti c hn 3000 sinh vin t hn 40 nc ang tham gia lp d b i hc ny.
Thm vo nhiu trng d b i hc cng chun b cho k thi DSH ("K thi c ng vo i hc
cho cc ng vin nc ngoi). Tr ln
1.iu kin
Bn phi c nhng iu kin no c php hc d b i hc ?
Thng tin quan trng, trong trng hp bn vn cn cha c:

Nu bn cha hc ting c bn s khng c tham gia lp d b i hc! a s cc trng d b i

hc i hi bn phi c chng ch ting c trnh S Cp II/III tr ln ( ngha l khong 400-600 tit).
Mt s cc trng khc yu cu chng ch ting c trnh Trung Cp I. Tt nht l bn lin lc trc
tip vi trng d b i hc m bn chn.
c i hc bn phi lm n xin visa cho sinh vin hay cho ng vin i hc
(Studienbewerbervisum) ti i s qun hay lnh s qun CHLB c ni bn .
Cc bng cp, chng ch phi l bn gc v bn dch sang ting c c du chng ca hp l ca cc
c quan c (i s qun, lnh s qun...)
Bn ch i sang c khi vn ti chnh ca bn c bo m. Lm vic nc c vi Visa sinh
vin cn nhiu hn ch v khng bo m c cho vn ti chnh ca bn bn y.
2.H s np n:
bng tt nghip ph thng trung hc ti nh
Giy chng nhn qua k thi c ng trnh S Cp II/III
n xin nhp hc
Giy chng nhn u mt i hc hoc l bng im hc k nu bt u hc i hc.
3.Thi hn np n:
Thi hn np n v a im np n ca cc trng khng ging nhau. Bn cn phi c k ti cc
trang web ca cc trng d b i hc. Tr ln
4.Kim tra nhp hc (Aufnahmetest)
Nh th no l kim tra nhp hc cho cc d b i hc?
tt c cc trng d b i hc, y l k kim tra ting c m bo chc chn rng bn c th
theo hc cc tit hc bng ting c ti trng.
Mt vi trng cn c kim tra ton v l, nhng tu trung vn l kim tra t vng ting c v kin
thc cn bn trong cc ngnh chuyn mn ny.
Cc bi kim tra mu bn c th nhn c t cc trng d b i hc m bn ng k. Tr ln
5.Qu trnh o to
Vic o to c t chc nh th no?
Cc lp d b, tu theo cc trng tm, t chc ging dy t 5 n 7 mn trong khong thi gian t 28
n 32 tun. V cc sinh vin d b i hc c ngha v phi tham gia y cc tit hc.
Trn nguyn tc, qu trnh o to ko di mt nm (hai hc k). V cui qu trnh ny cc sinh vin
phi tham gia k thi kim tra cht lng (k thi kim nh). Mt s trng hp ngoi l:
Cc sinh vin lm c im cao trong k "kim tra nhp hc" c th vo thng hc k 2 ca lp d b.
Cc sinh vin c im tt hc k 1 v c nhn xt tt ca cc gio s c th c thi ngay k thi
kim nh.
Trong cc trng hp c l do cc sinh vin c quyn hc li mt ln mi hc k, sao cho m bo
vic hc d b khng qu hai nm. Tr ln
6.Cc lp trng tm
C nhng lp trng tm no?
cc trng d b cho cc i hc khoa hc k thut c nhng trng tm sau:
Lp M cho cc ngnh sinh, y, dc
Lp T cho cc ngnh ton, k thut, khoa hc t nhin
Lp W cho cc ngnh kinh t, khoa hc x hi
Lp G cho cc ngnh khoa hc nhn vn v ng vn c
Lp S cho ngnh ngn ng hc
(Lp G v S mt s trng c gp chung li.)
Lp M:
STK FU Berlin, STK Uni Bonn, STK Uni Frankfurt, STK Uni Greifswald, STK Uni Halle, STK Uni Hamburg,
STK Uni Hannover, STK Uni Heidelberg, STK Uni Kassel, STK Uni Kln, STK Uni Leipzig, STK Uni Mainz,
STK Marburg, STK Uni Mnchen, STK Uni Mnster, STK Nordhausen, STK Uni Saarbrcken
Lp T:
STK RWTH Aachen, STK TU Berlin, STK Bochum, STK Uni Bonn, STK Uni Darmstadt, STK Uni Frankfurt,
STK TU Freiberg, STK Uni Greifswald, STK Uni Halle, STK Uni Hamburg, STK Uni Hannover, STK Uni
Heidelberg, STK Uni Karlsruhe, STK Uni Kassel, STK Uni Kln, STK Uni Leipzig, STK Uni Mainz, STK

Mettingen, STK Uni Mnchen, STK Uni Mnster, STK Nordhausen, STK Uni Potsdam, STK Uni
Saarbrcken, STK HS Wismar
Lp W:
STK RWTH Aachen, STK FU Berlin, STK Uni Bonn, STK Uni Frankfurt, STK TU Freiberg, STK Uni Hamburg,
STK Uni Hannover, STK Uni Heidelberg, STK Uni Kassel, STK Uni Kln, STK Uni Leipzig, STK Uni Mainz,
STK Marburg, STK Mettingen, STK Uni Mnchen, STK Uni Mnster, STK Nordhausen, STK Uni Potsdam
Lp G:
STK FU Berlin, , STK Uni Bonn, STK Uni Darmstadt, STK Uni Frankfurt, STK Uni Greifswald, STK Uni Halle,
STK Uni Hamburg, STK Uni Heidelberg, STK Uni Kln, STK Uni Leipzig, STK Uni Mainz, STK Uni Mnchen,
STK Uni Mnster, STK Nordhausen, STK Uni Potsdam
Lp S:
STK FU Berlin, STK Uni Heidelberg, STK Uni Kln, STK Uni Leipzig, STK Mettingen, STK Uni Mainz, STK
Uni Potsdam
Trc khi c chp thun vo hc ti mt Trng i hc c, theo nguyn tc, i vi Vit Nam,
ngi tn Sinh vin phi t k "Thi nh gi cht lng tng ng" (Feststellungsprfung).
V mt trnh , ch nhng ngi t Vit Nam c Bng T ti Ph thng Trung hc, trng tuyn
vo mt Trng i hc c cng nhn h Chnh qui Vit Nam c tham gia
"Feststellungsprfung".
Cho k thi ny, ngi tn Sinh vin c th chun b trc ti mt Studienkolleg (Trng D b i hc)
trong hai Hc k. Cc kha dy trong Studienkolleg c trng tm theo nguyn vng hc sau ny ca
ngi tn Sinh vin.
K thi bao gm phn L thuyt v phn Vn p.
Cho tt c cc tn Sinh vin, mn c ng l mn thi bt buc. i vi nhng ngi c bng "Zentrale
Oberstufenprfung" (ZOP), "Kleines Deutsches Sprachdiplom" (KDS), "Groes Deutsches
Sprachdiplom" (GDS) ca Vin Goethe, bng "TestDaF TDN 4" hay u k thi "Deutsche
Sprachprfung fr den Hochschulzugang auslndischer Studienbewerber" (DSH) th c min thi mn
c Ng.
Cc mn thi L thuyt bao gm mn c ng v hai mn trng tm khc.
Cc mn thi Vn p c th bao gm tt c cc mn trng tm c hc. Ty theo qui nh ca
tng Tiu bang, k Feststellungsprfung c th c tin hnh khc nhau.
Ti cc Studienkolleg c cc kha hc trng tm cho cc Ngnh hc i hc sau ny nh sau:
Kha T: Cho cc ngnh Khoa hc K thut, Ton hc v Khoa hc T nhin (ngoi tr cc Ngnh Sinh
hc)
Kha M: Cho cc ngnh Y hc v Sinh hc
Kha W: Cho cc ngnh Kinh t hc v Khoa hc X hi
Kha G: Cho cc ngnh Nhn vn hc, X hi hc, M thut, Nhc v Ngnh c ng
Kha S: Cho cc ngnh Ngn ng (ngoi tr ngnh c ng)
Cc mn thi L Thuyt l:
Kha T: c ng, Ton (k c Tin hc), Vt l hay Ha hc
Kha M: c ng, Sinh vt v/hoc Ha hc, Vt l hoc Ton
Kha W: c ng, Ton, Kinh t Quc dn hc, Kinh t Qun tr hc
Kha G: c ng, Vn hc c hoc Anh ng, X hi hc/a l
Kha S: c ng, Ngoi ng th hai, Lch s hoc X hi hc/a l hoc Vn hc c
"Feststellungsprfung" ch c th thi li duy nht mt ln v sm nht su thng sau khi thi k u tin
ti Studienkolleg thi.
Nhng tn Sinh vin mun hc ti Studienkolleg thng c ng k thng qua cc Trng i hc
hoc thng qua cc C quan chc nng ca Tiu bang. iu c ngha l nhng tn Sinh vin ny
phi np n xin hc ti Studienkolleg ti Trng i hc theo nguyn vng hay n C quan chc
nng ca Tiu bang.
Bnh thng cc Studienkollegs khng nhn ng k hc trc tip, tr trng hp cc Studienkollegs
ti Tiu bang Nordrhein-Westfalen.
c nhn vo hc ti Studienkolleg, cc tn Sinh vin phi chng minh qua mt k thi u vo l

c kh nng theo hc chng trnh bng ting c dy ti y. Nu cha t k thi , tn Sinh

vin nn tham d mt kha chun b. Mt vi Studienkolleg thng c nhng kha chun b nh vy.
C nhng Studienkollegs cn kt hp k thi u vo vi nhng mn khc nh Ton chn hn.
Cc Hc vin ang hc Studienkolleg c xem nh l Sinh vin chnh qui ca Trng i hc m
Studienkolleg trc thuc trong khong thi gian hc.
La Chn Trng i Hc c
Nc c c mt truyn thng lu i v cc lnh vc khoa hc v nghin cu. Nhiu trng i hc
ti c cng c bit ting vi mt qu trnh lch s trm nm. Sau nhng tn ph ca chin tranh
th gii th hai, v nht l sau khi nc c c thng nht th lnh vc nghin cu v khoa hc ca
nc c cng c pht trin mnh m hn bao gi ht.
C 349 i hc (thng k nm 2002) c phn b trn ton nc c, v nhng ai mun hc i hc
ti c, c th chn la gia cc i hc (Universitt), cc i hc k thut (technischen Universitt),
cc i hc chuyn ngnh (Fachhochschule) v cc i hc v m nhc, ngh thut, in nh. Tt c
cc i hc quc gia ti c u m rng ca vi cc hc vin trn ton th gii.
Nu bn quyt nh hc i hc bn c th bn nht nh phi xc nh r rng nhng cu hi sau
y bn c th chn cho mnh mt con ng ng n nht:
1. Kiu i hc no bn c thch hp vi bn nht ? Bn c quan tm n mt qu trnh hc ngn hn
v hng nhiu v thc tp nh ti cc i hc chuyn ngnh (FH) hay l mt trng nng khiu c
bit nh i hc m nhc hay in nh ?Bn hy xem thm cc thng tin v cc i hc chuyn ngnh
cng nh cc i hc m nhc v in nh.
2. Bn mun hc i hc mt cch trn vn ti c hay ch l mt qu trnh trao i gia i hc ca
bn v i hc bn c (thng ch ko di 1 nm)
3. Hoc l bn tt nghip ti nc ca bn v mun hc nng cao thm ti nc c ?
4. Bng tt nghip k s ca c, bng c nhn, hoc mt chng ch quc gia ca nc c c c
chp nhn v thch hp vi cng vic ca bn ti qu hng bn khng ?
Bn ch nn bt u chn mt i hc thch hp cho mnh ti c, sau khi suy ngh k v bc
ng s nghip tng lai ca mnh v chun b sn sng v mi mt, nht l v vn ti chnh.
Vic hc i hc ti mt trng c cn phi m ra cho bn thm nhng kh nng, c hi trong
tng lai ch khng nn b buc.
Di y l mt s thng tin bn nn tham kho cho s la chn ca mnh
Cc trng i hc tng hp(Uni)
K t cuc ci cch i hc Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) th ti cc i hc ca c c s thng
nht v vic nghin cu v ging dy. T cc i hc ca c khng ch l nhng trung tm o
to, m cn l ni dnh cho nhng vic nghin cu t do t c bn n chuyn su. Cc "ngnh khoa
hc thun tu" i hi hc vin cc bi vit khoa hc thc s nghim tc, l nhng bi tp lm
tiu tn nhiu thi gian ca hc vin nht. Hc ti cc i hc hc vin sau khi tt nghip s nhn
c bng tt nghip (Diplom) (k s), bng Magister Artium (bng c nhn dnh cho cc ngnh nhn
vn ???) cng nh bng tin s. Thm vo , cc hc vin cng c quyn chn la v c o to
tr thnh ging vin i hc. Ngoi ra, trong b lut chung cho cc i hc, cn c nhng ngnh hc
vi cc bng cp tt nghip tng thch vi cc chun chung ca th gii nh Bachelor v Master.
Cc chuyn ngnh c gp chung vo cc khoa khc khc nhau nh: y dc, khoa hc t nhin, k s
khoa hc, khoa hc nhn vn, khoa hc lut php, thn hc, khoa hc kinh t, khoa hc x hi cng
nh khoa hc nng lm. Trong cc khoa cn c cung cp cc ngnh hc chuyn mn c bit,
chuyn su vo lnh vc l thuyt ca khoa hc. Nhiu i hc trn nc c cn c nhng th vin
chuyn mn, cc phng lu tr ring dnh cho cc chuyn ngnh v h tr nhng trng tm ring bit.
Vic hc ti i hc tng hp (Uni) c tm gn li theo mt iu l chung, l trong a s cc mn
hc s c dnh nhiu thi gian trng cho vic t nghin cu tu theo s thch.
Cc trng i hc k thut (Technische Universitt/Technische Hochschule)
Trc y, cc trng i hc k thut ch ging dy cc ngnh k thut. Nhng dn dn, theo thi
gian cc trng pht trin v m rng ra hn, v vy ti mt s trng by gi cng c thm cc
ngnh v khoa hc x hi nhn vn. Tuy nhin trng tm vn hng v cc ngnh khoa hc t nhin
v k s khoa hc nh trc.
i hc chuyn ngnh (Fachhochschule)

Ngy cng nhiu hc vin quyt nh theo ui vic hc ti cc trng cao ng chuyn ngnh, v l
do trc ht l thi gian hc ngn hn v gn lin vi thc hnh nhiu hn l l thuyt chay ti cc
i hc (Uni).
Vic quyt nh kiu i hc no tht s thch hp vi mnh ph thuc chnh vo mc ch hc i hc
ca bn. Bi vy, trc ht bn cn phi c s hiu bit r rng v cc kiu i hc nc c.
+ i hc chuyn ngnh l g ?
V cc i hc v cc trng i hc k thut th bn cng c th ngi nh m hnh dung ra c,
trong khi i hc chuyn ngnh (FH) li c mt lch s kh tr v mang mt ngha c bit ch ca
ring nc c. Ngay sau khi c thnh lp, cc FH nhanh chng c nhiu sinh vin a chung
_ khong gn 1/4 cc sinh vin bt u ca c chn FH. V con s cc hc vin ngy nay li tng
gp 5 ln so vi thi im ban u. 35% cc sinh vin tt nghip c ra t cc trng FH. Trong mt
vi lnh vc, nh cc k s, th c nhiu hn phn na l tt nghip t cc FH.
+ im c bit: nhiu thc hnh, thi gian hc ngn
im quan trng nht hp dn cc sinh vin by gi l thi gian hc ngn v st thc vi nhu cu
ca thc t - hng chuyn ngnh ch khng ch l nhng l thuyt di dng kh khan. l im c
bit thu ht ca cc i hc chuyn ngnh. Cc ngnh hc, cc tit hc c t chc trong tng nhm
nh, cc k thi v cc bi hc c nhiu thc tp v xoy trc tip vo mc tiu hng nghip.
Ti cc trng i hc chuyn nghip ngoi vic ginh dy hc tp d nhin bn cng c th lm cc
cng vic nghin cu nh ti cc i hc. Nhng cc nghin cu ny cng u tin hng n cc nhu
cu thc tin, cc p dng thc t. cng l l do m cc ngnh ton l thuyt chay khng th c
tm thy ti cc di hc chuyn ngnh. Cc ngnh hc c m theo nhu cu v cc ngh k s, kinh
k x nghip, cc lnh vc trang tr ho v x hi hc. Bng tt nghip ti cc i hc chuyn ngnh
l bng k s (thc hnh).
. + V lch s ca cc i hc chuyn nghip
Cc trng i hc chuyn nghip ca c l kt qu ca nhng cuc tranh ci v gio dc ca nhng
nm 60. Trong thi gian , nn kinh t ca c cn phi ng vng v cnh tranh trong cuc chy
ua vi th gii dn n nhu cu c mt i ng cc nhn vin c tay ngh thc hnh cao, c kin
thc c bn vng chc v thi gian o to ngn hn. Chnh v nhng l do m cc trng cao ng
chuyn nghip c thnh lp.
+ So snh vi cc i hc tng hp (Uni)
i a s cc i hc chuyn ngnh c hnh thnh t cc c quan, cc trng dy ngh cao cp v
mt chuyn ngnh no , nh cc trng k s, hoc cc trng chuyn ngnh kinh t. S quyt nh
ca cc b trng vn ho cc bang nm 1969 (do mi bang ring bit ca nc c c mt h thng
vn ho gio dc khc nhau) thng nht vic gio dc vi tt c cc trng Cao ng - v "b lut
chung dnh cho h thng cc trng i hc" vo nm 1976 nng cc cao ng chuyn ngnh ln
ngang hng vi cc i hc v nhng c quan t chc tng ng khc. Ngay c cc cao ng
chuyn ngnh theo b lut ny cng tr nn c lp, ngha l c s t do nghin cu, ging dy v t
qun l t chc.
K t khi nc c c thng nht, nh vo mt h thng lin bang mi vn ny c nhng
bc pht trin trn mt phng din mi. Nhng vng thuc DDR c (Cng Ho Dn Ch c) cng
bt u xy dng theo nhng c cu ny, nh cc trng i hc k s (Ingenieurhochschulen) cng
theo nhng hng gio dc chung vi cc cao ng chuyn ngnh ca lin bang Ty c. Bn cnh
cng ging nh trong ch lin bang c, cc trng i hc chuyn ngnh cng c xy dng t
cc trng k s v cc trng trung hc chuyn nghip khc.
+ Trng i hc chuyn ngnh: s a dng phong ph
Ch t nhng con s ngi ta c th nhn thy c h thng gio dc rng ln ca cc i hc chuyn
ngnh: hn 150 chn la trn nhiu lnh vc dnh cho cc hc vin. Bn cnh cn c khong 30
trng qun l ni b ca cc bang v lin bang ch dnh cho nhng mc ch ring bit v t ch
dnh cho cc nhn vin ngoi giao c. Cn nhng trng cn li th d nhin l rng m i vi tt c
mi ngi, k c ngi nc ngoi. Cng nh vy cc trng c ti tr phn ln l t cc bang. Bn
cnh cng c gn 30 trng cao ng chuyn ngnh ca chnh ph c chp nhn cho ti tr t
cc c quan t nhn hoc ca nh th. V cui cng, cn nhc n l cc ngnh hc ca cc i hc
chuyn nghip a s c tp trung trong 5 trng i hc tng hp ca c (l dng trng i hc
c hnh thnh t s st nhp ca cc i hc, trng i hc s phm, i hcchuyn ngnh, v mt
phn t trng i hc ngh thut), trong cc hc vin trong thi gian theo hc cn c chn la
thm nhng ngnh hc hoc nhng bng cp khc.

+ T dy ni Alpen cho n bin Bc (Nordsee)

V a l th cc trng i hc chuyn ngnh c phn phi trn tt c cc bang ca nc c. Nh
vy ngi ta c th theo hc ti nhng vng thuc dy ni Alpen cng nh ti bin Bc, bin ng, ti
vng h lu sng Rhein cng nh ti Lneburger Heide. Cng khng t cc trng c ti nhng vng
nh, t c bit n, nhng li c phong cnh p, ni m rt thch hp cho cuc sng v s tp trung
hc tp.
+ Nghin cu cho vng
Cc trng i hc chuyn nghip cng c nhiu quan h tc ng vi nhng vng a phng ca
trng. Phn ln l v kinh t hoc qun tr ca vng a phng qua nhng cng tc chung, c th l
trong vic nghin cu v ging dy. Nhiu trng i hc cn c coi nh l cc c quan phc v ph
thuc vo vng khng gian a l. Trong nhiu trng hp cc trng i hc chuyn nghip cung cp
nhng c vn kinh t v nhng t chc c bit nghin cu v k thut vn chuyn cho cc c quan x
nghip. V bn cnh , s nhu cu v cng vic trn trn th gii cng nh hng khng nh n cc
trng cao ng chuyn nghip, nhng k thut mi, nhng kin thc mi c nhanh chng a vo
trong qu trnh hc tp. Chnh v nh vy, c hi vic lm ca cc sinh vin tt nghip cc trng cao
ng chuyn nghip nhiu khi cng cao hn cc sinh vin tt nghip t cc trng i hc cng
hng.
+ Hp tc quc t
Bn cnh nhng tc ng tng h gia cc trng vi a phng cn c nhng tho thun cng tc
vi cc trng i hc nc ngoi, c s trao i v thng nht vic ging dy gia cc trng trn th
gii. Nhiu trng cn c s trao i sinh vin vi nhau v c tnh nh mt chng trnh ca vic
hc. Ngoi ra nhiu trng cn cung cp cc ngnh hc, vi khong thi gian theo hc ti ngoi quc,
hoc c ch 2 bng cp...
+ S a dng ca cc ngnh hc
Cc ngnh hc ca cc trng i hc chuyn nghip bao gm khong 15 hng chuyn mn vi cc
phn khoa khc nhau, trong ch ring v o to k s c khong 30 phn khoa. Cc hng
chuyn mn nh kinh t (qun tr), k s kinh t, x hi hc, trang tr/to hnh, tin hc, ton, lu tr-,
th vin-, v ti liu hc, chn nui v kinh t gia nh, kinh t nng-lm, khoa hc trng tu, phc ch,
hng hi cng nh thng dch vin.
Vi nhng cung cp ny cc trng tr thnh mt trong nhng ct tr trong h thng gio dc ca
c, vi khong 460.000 sinh vin, trong hn 30.000 l ngi nc ngoi ang theo hc. Khuyt
im ca cc i hc chuyn ngnh l: ngay c trong cc trng i hc chuyn ngnh cng c 1 vi
ngnh c gii hn gt gao vi vic xin nhp hc.
Cc trng i hc m nhc, ngh thut
S o to ti cc trng i hc ngh thut, m nhc trang b kin thc cho cc ngnh ngh thut t
do (ngh s, nhc s...), nhng bn cnh cng dnh cho cc cng vic thuc lnh vc ging dy cc
b mn ngh thut. Vic hc ti mt trng cao ng ngh thut / m nhc c nhiu khc bit r rt
vi vic hc ti 1 i hc thng thng.
Cc trng i hc tng ng khc
Bn cnh cc kiu i hc nu trn cn c cc trng i hc s phm (Pdagogischen Hochschulen),
ni o to cc gio vin cho cc trng trung hc cc loi (Grund-, Haupt- und Sonderschule cng
nh mt phn cho cc Realschule v cc lp thp ti Gymnasium). Nhng chung chung th vic o to
i ng gio vin c kt hp vo cc i hc (Uni).
Trng i hc kt hp (Universitten-Gesamthochschulen) c hnh thnh t s kt hp ca i hc
s phm, i hc chuyn ngnh v thm mt phn ca i hc ngh thut / m nhc. Ti y cc hc
vin c th trong lc hc chn thm cc ngnh hc hoc nhng bng cp khc.
Dnh cho mt s cc lnh vc chuyn mn c bic cn c cc cao ng nh i hc y dc.
(Medizinische Hochschule) v i hc th y (Tierrztliche Hochschule) Hannover v trng i hc y
(Medizinische Universitt) Lbeck. Kln cn c trng i hc th thao v trng i hc ngh thut
truyn thng. Trng i hc sn khu Mnchen, Potsdam-Babelsberg v ti hc vin sn khu
Ludwigsburg cn c cc ngnh hc v lnh vc phim nh, truyn hnh v truyn thng. Cui cng l
trng i hc khoa hc qun tr ti Speyer vi cc ngnh v khoa hc qun tr dnh cho cc nhn vin
ngoi giao...
Bn cnh cc trng ca chnh ph cn c hng lot cc trng i hc khc nh cc trng ca nh

th. V cui cng l mt s t cc trng i hc t, ni m bn phi tr tin hc ph theo hc

PS: Sau khi tham kho kin ca mt s thnh vin, ad chnh sa li 1 s thut ng cho st vi tnh
hnh thc t v thi i. Nn c th khng ging nh trong nguyn tc ca tc gi.
Chuyn Lm Thm Ca Du Hc Sinh c
Bi ny mnh vit cho 1 forum chuyn ngnh cch y hn 3 nm ri, hi cn l sv nn cng chu
kh tm hiu cc vic lm thm. Thng tin c th hi thiu cp nht v cha y v ch tch cp t
kinh nghim c nhn, v lu mnh khng phi i lm thm na nn cc mc lng nu di c l
thay i mt cht. Nhng mnh vn hy vng c th gip ch phn no cho cc bn sv khi suy xt tm
vic lm thm. Rt mong cc bn khc c nhiu kinh nghim hn s vo b sung, chia s, bn lun.
Ti s lit k mt s vic sinh vin thng hay lm da trn kinh nghim c nhn v nhng thu thp
qua bn b, tt nhin khng th y 100% nhng hy vng c th cho cc bn mt ci nhn bao
qut v cng vic ca sinh vin ( c). Ti s c gng sp xp th t theo "hot" ca vic
1. Nhng vic c coi l "d xin" nht: gip vic trong qun n ca ngi Vit, lm vic trong cc ca
hng fastfood nh McDonald, lm cng nhn trong cng xng... Nhng vic ny c mc lng thp
nht, u i t nht, nhng li d xin c nht v cc hng qun hay cng xng thng xuyn cn
ngi v thay i nhn cng. Sinh vin thng xin nhng vic ny theo kiu lm fulltime trong 2,3
thng. V c c s chnh lch mc sng gia min ng v min Ty nn sinh vin pha ng cn
c thi quen xung cc thnh ph pha Ty vo k ngh tm vic, thu chung nh gi r, cng
vic thng l lm trong cc xng sn xut n, tiu dng, c bit thch hp vo ma cng
nhn ngh php v cc hng cn nhn cng thay th tm thi. Khi quay li hc k, s tin kim c
c th p ng c chi tiu c bn ca vi thng sau.
Cc vic tng t nh trn cng c th c lm theo ch parttime, mi tun i lm 2-3 bui, thng
no kim c tin tiu cho thng . Nu lm vic theo cch ny th sinh vin hc Bio v cc ngnh
thc nghim s thit thi hn cc ngnh khc. Cng vic thng i hi sinh vin phi dnh c 23 ngy c nh trong tun i lm, i vi dn Bio th mi khi c th nghim s chu hn v s mt
khong 1 thng d mi vo lab t sng n chiu -> mt vic.
Nhc im: c th nng nhc vi ngi sc khe yu, lng thp, lm c ngy s thy cc k chn,
u c m m, khng c u i g, mi trng lm vic kh kh chu v ch yu phi tip xc vi nhng
tng lp km hc thc.
u im: tuy lng thp nhng thi gian lm vic nhiu -> tng thu nhp nhiu. Cng vic n gin,
ch yu l lm chn tay, u c khng phi suy ngh g, trch nhim t. Gi s trong cng xng nhiu
lc 8 ting ng h ch c mi vic ng buc n v chat chit vi nhau
Vic lm loi ny c th y ln mc cao nhng cng ty ln, cn lao ng kho tay nh lp rp my
mc in t. Lng nhng cng ty ny c th rt cao (> 10Euro/h) khin cho cng vic tr thnh cc
k "hot" v kh xin, nu lm 2-3 thng c th kim tin cho c nm.
Tng t nh vy, cc vic lm theo thi v cng rt ng quan tm. V d nh lm cc Messe hay
dp Oktoberfest. Vic tuy nng nhng lng cao v c th gip sv chi tr sinh hot trong thi gian kha
kh.
2. Vic vn phng: thng gp nht l gip vic vn phng trong trng. Vic ny hp vi nhng sinh
vin c b m chu cp, ch cn kim thm tin, mi tun ch cn lm 1-2 bui.
Nhc im: thi gian lm vic t --> thu nhp t, cng vic bun t, mun xin vic cn c kh nng
ngoi ng tt, thnh tho cc software nht nh
u im: nhn, cng vic "sch s", mi trng academic d chu, lng tng i tt (8-9Euro/h)
3. Mt s vic parttime khc: thi gian lm ging nh miu t phn 1, nhng nhng vic nh lm
thu ngn trong siu th, bn hng (bnh, n, qun o...) c thu nhp cao hn 1 cht (8-9Euro/h), tt
nhin trch nhim cng cao hn v phi tp trung hn v lin quan n tin nong, ngoi ng phi tt
v phi c kh nng giao tip nu lm bn hng.
4. Nhng cng vic "qui n": Loi vic ny thng c lng cao (>9Euro/h) nhng i hi nhng t

cht c bit, v d nh thn kinh tt, khng s bn...

C ngi bn ca ti lm vic... ng qua m vi nhng bnh nhn tm thn mc bnh s c c, c
ngi trc m trong bnh vin, dn dp cc nh dng lo... Nu khng gp vn g v mt tinh
thn th nhng vic kiu ny kh c a chung nhng khng d kim.
5. Vic "hot": tt nhin thu nhp phi cao (>10Euro/h), thi gian lm vic linh hot. Mt s vic thuc
nhm ny: lm phc v bn cho restaurant, bn hng trn tu ha (tin boa thu c c th rt
nhiu)... Nhng vic ny mun xin c phi qua phng vn, th vic, v khi xin c mt ln th sau
ny s d xin c nhng vic khc. Kiu cng vic ny nu khng v l do chnh ng th t ai xin ngh
m s c gng bm tr.
Cng vic ny i hi phi c kh nng thch ng tt, c trch nhim, phi hc k nng lm vic, gi
c quan h tt vi ng nghip v boss.
6. Cng vic lin quan n chuyn mn (~Werkstudent): Lm cho cc cng ty chuyn ngnh, v d dn
Bio lm vic cho Roche, Qiagen; dn IT lm cho IBM, SAP; dn banking lm cho Deutsche Bank...
Nhng vic ny thng thng c tr lng cao (~10Euro/h) v cc k c li cho tng lai nn sinh
vin phi c thnh tch tht tt, tri qua phng vn, th vic ging nh xin vic tht s sau khi ra
trng. Nhng vic ny thng cho sinh vin cc nm sau v thng ri vo tay nhng ngi
excellent. Mt s hng ln nh IBM, SAP c th tr lng t 900-1200Euro/thng, cc nh bng thm
ch tr gn 2000 (nhng cc hng lin quan n Bio nh Roche, Berna.. ch tr c 300)
Ti nh cch y vi nm, c 1 vic kh nhiu sinh vin VN m u vo lm l.. nh hng t nh
sang bn trn EBAY
Vic ny nu chy c vo gung th thu nhp s rt kh. Tuy nhin mun th th phi lm vic ging
nh kinh doanh thc s: tc l ngh c mt hng c a thch, tm c ngun hng, c ng dy
vn chuyn, mt thi gian u t cho service, tch cp sao ebay... Ch yu mi ngi vn lm theo
kiu c con, ai v VN th gi gm 1 t c cm sang bn, cho nn li li cng ch n kem v i
shopping thi
Bi ny mnh vit cho 1 forum chuyn ngnh cch y hn 3 nm ri, hi cn l sv nn cng chu
kh tm hiu cc vic lm thm. Thng tin c th hi thiu cp nht v cha y v ch tch cp t
kinh nghim c nhn, v lu mnh khng phi i lm thm na nn cc mc lng nu di c l
thay i mt cht. Nhng mnh vn hy vng c th gip ch phn no cho cc bn sv khi suy xt tm
vic lm thm. Rt mong cc bn khc c nhiu kinh nghim hn s vo b sung, chia s, bn lun.
T A Ti Z Dnh Cho Du Hc Sinh Nm 1 Ti c
Hc ting c giao tip c th khng kh, nhng hc ting c s dng ti ging ng li tr
thnh mt thch thc vi nhng du hc sinh bi nhng t vng hon ton mi. Di y l nhng iu
quan trng dnh cho nhng sinh vin mi sang c du hc.
AstA
AstA l tn vit tt ca cc t chc nm trong cc khun vin trng i hc dnh cho cc sinh vin
c. Mi nm, thnh vin ca t chc ny c bu c bi h sinh vin, v thng thng nhng ngi
c bu s tham gia nhng ng phi chnh tr. Mc ch ca h l to c hi tham gia tin trnh
chnh tr v n c s nh hng ca cc trng i hc hoc cc trung tm thng tin.
Audimax
Audimax l ging ng ln nht ca mt trng i hc. N c th c dng cho nhng bi ging v
truyn thng, ni t chc s kin hoc hi tho khc.
Block seminars
hng thng, cc bi ging hoc hi tho s c din ra lin tc hng tun ca mt hc k.
Blockverantstaltungen hay "block seminars" l mt bi ging c trnh by cng mt lc trong thi
gian ngn vo ngy cui tun hoc nhng ngy lin tip ca mt k hc.
Campus
Hu ht cc trng i hc trn th gii u c sp xp thnh khu vc cc trng nm k nhau. Khu
vc ny gi l khu campus. Cc trng o to khc nhau ca c thng c phn b ri rc khp
thnh ph, c bit l nhng ngi trng c.
Credit points

Credit points trong ting c gi l Leistungspunkte. im ny c trao cho nhng sinh vin hon
thnh nhng yu cu nht nh ca mt chng trnh hc v nu tch c nhiu im th sinh vin
c nh gi cao hn mt bc so vi sinh vin khc. Mt Credit points c thng tng ng vi 30
gi lm vic.
c.t. (cum tempore) / s.t. (sine tempore)
Nhng t vit tt c in bn cnh danh sch kha hc hoc s kin ca cc trng i hc ch
thch thi gian bt u. Vit tt c.t. c ngha l s kin bt u sau 15 pht so vi thi gian nim yt.
Trong khi k hiu s.t. l s kin bt u chnh xc ti thi im cng b. Mt bi ging bt u lc
10:00 c.t. c ngha l bi ging s bt u lc 10:15 v nu mt bi ging bt u lc 8:30s.t th c
ngha s bt u vo lc 8:30.
Exmatrikulation
Vo mi u hc k, sinh vin phi chnh thc ng k ti trng i hc. Nhng ngi khng ghi danh
vo thi hn cui cng c nguy c b loi b khi danh sch sinh vin (Exmatrikulation) v phi ghi
danh ni khc. Sau khi hon thnh kha o to, sinh vin cng phi chnh thc thng bo cho
trng i hc v c gi l exmatrikuliert.
Fachschaft
Fachschaft l mt t chc sinh vin cp nh hn so vi hi sinh vin ca trng. H t chc nhng s
kin i din cho quyn li ca sinh vin cng khoa v cung cp nhng thng tin, gip nhng sinh
vin nm u v hng dn sinh vin nghin cu khoa hc.
Fakultaet
Fakultaet gn ging vi t ting Anh "faculty c ngha l khoa. Hu ht cc trng i hc o to
nhiu khoa khc nhau: trit hc, y hc, ton hc,.. Mi khoa li chia ra lm cc b phn ging dy nh
hn. Trong mi b phn s c nhng gio s ph trch gi l Lehrstuehle.
Grundstudium / Hauptstudium
i vi cc chng trnh o to nh php lut cha c chia ra thnh h C nhn v Thc s, chng
trnh hc s chia thnh cc Grundstudium v Hauptstudium. Chng trnh s tp trung vo nhng vn
c bn ca ngnh hc v sau s cho php sinh vin ng k nhng vn nghin cu chuyn
su.
Help (Tr gip)
Sinh vin nc ngoi c bit l sinh vin n t cc nc Chu thng gp nhiu kh khn khi p
dng h thng i hc ca nc c. Ngoi tr ngi v mt ngn ng, sinh vin nc ngoi cn gp
nhng kh khn khi phi c lp v thi gian hc tp v nghin cu ti c.
Vn ti chnh cng dn ti t l b hc cao c bit i vi sinh vin nc ngoi. C mt s chng
trnh nh hng v ngun lc gip cc sinh vin ny t cc trung tm t vn ti cc trng i hc.
, du hc sinh c th ni chuyn ci m vi cc t vn vin chuyn nghip v cuc ni chuyn
c gi b mt.
Job seekers (Tm vic lm thm)
i vi du hc sinh mun tm mt cng vic bn thi gian trong sut thi gian nghin cu hc tp ti
c c th tm mt v tr thch hp ti AsTA. Cc cng ty v c nhn c nhu cu tuyn dng nhn vin
c th li nhng thng tin v cng vic, thi gian v lin lc. Nhng cng vic ny s c cung cp
ti nhng sinh vin quan tm.
Leistungsnachweis / Schein
Nhng ngi hon thnh mt kha hc hay hot ng ti tr ca trng i hc c iu kin nhn
c mt chng nhn tham gia vo phong tro c gi l Leistungsnachweis hoc mt Schein.
Schein s ghi tn ca kha hc, tnh thn hc v im s tn dng nhn c.
Matrikelnummer
Mi sinh vin nhn c mt Matrikelnummer (s trng tuyn) khi ghi danh. N c coi nh s nhn
dng ca sinh vin.
Mensa
Mensa l qun n t phc v dnh cho sinh vin, ni sinh vin c th thng thc nhng ba n y
m khng mt nhiu tin. Hu ht cc trng i hc ln u c Mensa v s a dng ca ba n
tng ng vi s sinh vin ghi danh c phc v. Cc trng i hc t nhn nh thng khng c
Mesan.
Module
Mt Module l mt lot cc kha hc c bit lin quan n ch kt thc vi mt k thi duy nht.
Mi kha hc ca 1 Module p ng mt quy nh v thi gian, c bit n c vi tn gi
Semesterwochenstunden (SWS). Cm t 2WS c ngha l kha hc p ng hai phn on 45 pht
hc ko di 1 gi mi tun, hay khong 30 gi cho mi hc hc k. Hon thnh mt mc no
thng i hi phi hon thnh mt s lng c th ca Semesterwochenstunden.
Reregistration

Nhng sinh vin mun tip tc ng k nghin cu sau hc k u tin phi ng k li sau mi hc
k. Thng thng phi tr hc ph v l ph khc y cho mt reregistration. Tuy nhin, nhng ngi
b l khng ng k trong thi hn quy nh th b loi khi danh sch sinh vin.
Rigorosum
Rigorosum l thi vn p i km vi vic hon thnh mt lun n tin s. l iu kin tin quyt
nhn c hc v tin s.
Schwarze Bretter
Ngay c thi i ca Facebook v Web 2.0, cc trng i hc vn cn s dng mt bng thng bo
ln Schwarze Bretter, ni sinh vin c th t qung co tm bn cng, bn s sch, gio trnh hoc
cuc hp cu lc b.
Semester
Mi nm hc ca c thng c chia lm hai hc k. Cc hc k ma h thng hc t thng t n
thng chn. Hc k ma ng thng bt u vo thng 10 v kt thc vo thng 3 nm sau.
Semester ticket
Sinh vin c nhn mt v Semester ticket cho php h s dng tt c cc phng tin vn ti cng
cng a phng vi mc ph r. L ph Semester ticket c tr cng vi hc ph trong cc hc k. Tuy
nhin, khng phi tt c cc trng u cung cp loi v ny.
Seminars
Seminars l nhng bui tho lun khc nhau m ti , ging vin khng dng thi gian ni
chuyn. Thay vo , sinh vin tch cc ch ng cho bui tho lun bng cch trnh by cu hi,
kin ca mnh. Bui tho lun thng hn ch s lng ngi tham gia m bo mi sinh vin u
c pht biu ti bui tho lun.
nhng Bachchelor FH th phi c 2 nm kinh nghim trong ngh ms c php hc tip c Master
1, a s sinh vin VN hay chn FH v c thc hnh v d tt nghip hn so vi Uni v hc Uni lng
kin thc rt nhiu. FH hc 2 mn chia 2 k nhng 2 mn y gp li c th ch l 1 mn Uni Cho
nn hc FH thng kin thc ch hiu khi qut, ch ko hiu n ni n chn nh Uni.
4, Hc FH hay Uni cng nn ty vo ngnh hc. 1 bn c nghe my a bn ngi c ni th nu
hc k thut th hc FH d kim vic hn v cn kinh nghim thc t (tui n cn bo ngnh k thut
c thng khong 50% ra trng). Cn nhng ngnh nh kinh t, khoa hc t nhin, th Uni d xin
hn.
Ty, chc g hc FH nhiu kinh nghim thc t hn Uni
5, V cht lng bng cp l ngang nhau, FH ch khc Uni v cch dy, cch hc .
Bng cp th ngang nhau, nhng lng th ... thp hn nhiu.
7, FH l trng i hc chuyn ngnh, hng dy nghing v thc t nhiu, ph hp vi nhng bn
mun i lm ngay sau khi hc v ko cn Master.
Chuyn c thc t hay ko l ph thuc vo sinh vin hc c aktiv ko. c h anbieten tt c cc c
hi cho mnh hc. D nhin nu so 2 ch li nh nhau, th FH ch c li hn, v hc bui sng th
bui chiu ch s b bt xung lab ngi. Nhng ni vy ko c ngha l Uni ko hng thc t Thc t
cng vic HIWI Uni cng nh Projekt Uni do c u t nhiu tin hn nn lc no nhng vic
cng nhiu hn FH, cho nn nu 2 ch sing nng th ch Uni s c li hn v ko ch i xung lab ngi
m cn c tr tin.
Hc FH n lc lm lun n gio s cn ko c lun n cho sv lm, ton phi i ra ngoi cng ty hoc
sang Uni xin lun n lm, ch Uni th y nhc.
Thc t ngay by h c cng c nhiu ng c u tin FH hn, v chg trnh v nh hng dy ca Uni
nng v nghin cu.
Ci ny mnh thy t trc n gi n vn vy thi Chng qua l do c ngi i trc truyn t li
nn dn mnh mi quan tm n h FH thi.

8, Cn v chuyn vic lm, v d trong 1 cng ty my tnh chng hn ch cn 1-2 ngi c bng cp
Uni,trong cn n khong 10 k s thc hnh.Vy bn hiu ti sao hc Uni ra li kh xin vic ri
ch!!!
Cch so snh ny mnh thy bias qu. Bn c s liu cho vic hc Uni ra kh xin vic hn hc FH ko ?
Cn FH hay Uni th ph thuc vo tnh cht cng vic m cn k s no. Nu trong technische
Entwicklung ca BMW hay Audi th FH lm sao tranh chn c vi Uni.
Nu cho c nhn mnh nhn xt, Uni l i hc th FH ch l cao ng. Mn hc ca FH nh hn, d hn
v ko hiu ti ni ti chn bng Uni.
Trong bi so snh hay ni hc FH ra xong i lm, cn Uni th ra nghin cu. Vy i lm y l i lm
g ? Nghin cu ko phi i lm sao ? Chnh xc hn n ph thuc vo tnh cht cng vic. V d: o
c, lp sensor, vn mang tnh "tay chn" nhiu th k s FH c li hn. Cn cng vic mang tnh
hc thut, i hi u t "tr tu" nhiu hn th cn k s Uni.
Bi vit ca mnh ch l th hin qua im c nhn s khc bit FH v UNI, ch mnh hon ton ko
"ch" FH hay "tng bc" Uni. Quanh mnh c nhiu ngi nm ng cay Uni v nm tri ngt FH
ri. Tuy nhin c nhn mnh c th thy bi vit ca bn ch topic hi thin v FH . Ngi VN chn hc
VN nhiu ch n gin v n d, v c ci bng ca c th v nh l och lm ri. Nhng thc s c
ny Uni vn c gi hn nhiu, v i lm lng vn cao hn FH. l s tht !
Ci ny l ci g th bn. Hc HS/FH xong th thm 1,5 nm na c master nh.
ngha l sao h anh hc FH xong c hc lun master ch ko phi nh ch tht ni l lm 2 nm ng
khng ???
hc FH xong c hc lun master ch ko phi nh ch tht ni l lm 2 nm
Cc chi ph ti c - Chi ph ti thiu
Bao gm hai khon chi ph: Chi ph bt buc v chi ph khng bt buc
I. Chi ph bt buc
1. Tin nh:
y l khon chi ph ln nht. Sinh vin c th thu nh ring hoc trong k tc x ca nh trng.
Tnh trung bnh tin thu nh vng Ty c: Khong 150 - 300 Euro/thng.
Thu nh vng ng c c th r hn: dao ng trong khong 130 - 250 Euro/thng
Tin nh ny bao gm tt c cc chi ph ph nh in nc, gas.. Trong phng thng cng y ,
trong bp cng y .
Li khuyn: cc thnh ph ln bn Ty c nh Mnchen, Stuttgart... th nn thu phng k tc x
cho r, mun r hn th thu nhng vng xa trung tm ri i tu vo hc.
bn ng c th nn thu ngoi, s c c nh r hn.
ngoi li th hn k tc l vic git r khng phi mt tin, nu k tc th mi ln git phi mt
1-2 ty ni.
2. Tin bo him sc khe:
Trong thi gian hc d b i hc, hc ting (bo him ungesetzlich): khong 30 Euro/thng
Trong thi gian hc i hc (bo him gesetzlich, bt buc): thng 80 Euro/thng, cng c 1 s hng
c gi gesetzlich chi tm hn 30.
c c quy nh l khi hc 14 k (k c k hc VN) th c php dng ungesetzlich.
Tuy nhin tin no ca y, quyt nh dng loi no l do mi ngi
3. Tin in thoi: Chi ph cho in thoi trung bnh l: 15 Euro/thng
4. Tin n + chm sc c nhn C th dao ng trong khong 100 Euro dn 150 Euro/thng
Gi c thc phm th c thng nht trn ton nc c, nn khon ny s khng khc bit nhau l
my d bn sng Mnchen hay 1 vng su vng sa.
5. Tin chi ph qun l sinh vin:
Mi trng c mc thu khc nhau: trung bnh khong 70 - 240 Euro/ 1 hc k
C ni bao gm v tu, c ni th khng c v tu.
6. Hc ph:

Hin nay mt s bang ca nc c thu hc ph (i vi nhng trng cng) khong 500Euro/ 1

hc k nh:
- Bayern
- Niedersachen
* Vi trng t th ng nhin b mt hc ph d bang min ph.
* Con nhng kha hc m hc ph ca n ln n my nghn Euro 1 thng. Nn cc bn phi tm hiu
v hi r h ( Ngi ph trch tuyn sinh ca trng)
Tng cng cc khon chi ph bt buc: khong 365 Euro n 530 Euro/thng
II. Chi ph khng bt buc
1. Gii tr: Xem phim: khong 10 Euro/ 1 ln, n nh hng: khong 15Euro/ 1 ln
2. Mua sm:
o phng: Khong 10- 40 / ci ca Nam / hng hiu trung bnh.
Qun b: Khong 50-100 / ci ca Nam / hng hiu trung bnh
Ty cht lng. Tuy nhin kim lc no n gim gi tm 50% th mua cng hp l
in thoi, my vi tnh mi: C VN th mua sang cng c, ko th mua c cng c, gi c
chnh lch nhau khng nhiu lm.
Nu mang t VN sang th nh mang ci chn chuyn rc cm i v bn c ton cm trn, VN th
hay c chn cm dt
3. i li, du lch: Ty theo nhu cu ca tng c nhn.
V vic s dng Internet, mua bn online c !!!
Mnh vit tip Ad phn ebay nh, ci ny c bn l kinh nghim thc t ca mnh thi
Vi my bn no qua y cha bit ebay th nn ng k ngay mt account hoc ch t tm hiu su v
ebay l mt trong nhng mng online shopping tin cy cao c v gi c rt phi chng nu bn
may mn v lc li khi mua. iu kin cn ch l mt ti khon tn dng credit ( khuyn nn dng v
credit account c protecting layer cho cc v mua bn la o, ni dng di nhng chung
quy th n rt an ton v bn s c ti 2 lp bo v) hoc mt ti khon mt nh bng bt k
c ( thng nht vn l Deutsche bank v sparkasse). cc bc ng k:
1. ng k account, nh in ng phn a ch, konto nr. v bankleitzahl, v tn ca bn.
2. sau khi ng k thnh cng, bn log in, tm phn to ti khon paypal v chuyn sang ng
k thm mt ti khon paypal ( lu ko b qua bc paypal v y chnh l cch thanh ton c bo
v bi chnh ebay, nm na l sau ny c b la th c nhm ci n khiu ni m ngoy, ebay n thy
hp l th s mc ti khon paypal ca thng kia tr tin cho bn)
3. ng k paypal th bn link ti khon ngn hng ca bn vo hoc ti khon credit, xong n s gi
50 cents tng trng vo ti khon ca bn vi 4 con s mt c lu trong giy bo ti khon m
bn in t trong nh bng ( lu vic chuyn ny c th mt vi ba ngy)
4. sau khi c c 4 s th bn vo paypal account confirm. xong th by gi bt tay vo mua sm
thi.
Cn y l kinh nghim khi mua hng trn ebay hehe
1. mua auktion thng r hn mua sofort kaufen v n l bn u gi, nhiu mt hng thng bt u
t...1 euro. nhng bn phi kin tr theo di v cng st ngy ng ca item th gi s vt t bin, ty
theo ni ting ca mn hng hay s ngi tham gia. mnh hay u gi my ci fuballsanzuge nn
ton kim c o qun xn t hng adidas m gi th r hn mua tim ti 3 4 ln. ni chung l rt r. vi
li auktion cng l mt dng tm l chin, rt th on v tinh vi v nhiu ngi c th d b cuc sau
ch vi ln u gi.

2. cc cng knh ko nn mua, v ngi bn ch cho php bn n ni m ly ch ko c chuyn hng

( l d nhin)
3. xem s lng rating ca ngi bn, thng tin cy nht s l 100%, nhng bn nn c gng c cc
comment ca nhng ngi mua khc trong vng 1 thng tr li v n s phn nh xc thc thng ny
lm n c ng hong ko.
4. phng php chuyn hng ca ngi bn thng c lit k, tt nht vn l dhl v n mt ci
tracking number cho php bn kim tra qu trnh vn chuyn trn trang web ca dhl. nhng nu ko c
th standardsversand vn tt
5. tt nhin khi mua bn s c ng vc, v th ng ngi ngng gi email thc gic ngi bn nu nghi
ng, nu n tr li v thc hin mua bn nhanh gn th cho n ci positive rating vi comment nh l
super, schnelle Kaufabwicklung hay i loi th th n vn vui v cho bn 100% rating ngc li.
6. cui cng l hn ch mua hng t dng thanh ton berweisung tc l chuyn khon ngn hng,
mt l ko i c u. c paypal m lm thi.
7. khi mua , nhn vo ci nh coi n l nh qung co hay l do chnh ngi bn chp hnh. sofort
kaufen thng cng cho nh qung co nhng nhng ngi bn theo kiu ny ch yu l t ca hng
nn h lm n rt ng hong, cn auktion th phi coi chng. ni chung l cng cn thn chn
cng tt.
8. ng v ham mt ci g him ( kiu nh mnh su tp giy bng cc version c ca adidas m
gi ht thi) m b qua cc bc trn v ebay lc ny ko c th lc khc c. hy nhn ni.
Nu bn lc li v may mn th s rt tin dng cho vic sm sau ny v cng tin dn hng thi
khi mnh v nc. happy shopping hehe
Cch tm ch sau khi ti c
Bn va apply thnh cng? bn qu vui sng khi nhn c visa nhng li cht lo lng v c th
phi lo khi sp t chn ti mt ni xa l? Hy c k phn hng dn tm nh ti y v hy vng bn
s may mn tm c mt ni tht ng .
c, du hc sinh thng c 2 options thu nh: mt l cc Wohngemeinschaft ( hoc WG) v hai
l cc Einzelappartement (thu nguyn cn). WG th bn s phi ghp chung vi my sinh vin
khc, kiu nh mt nh 2 phng nhng chung bp v nh v sinh. Thng WG l s la chn thch hp
cho cc sinh vin ko d d ti chnh v nh th s gim i ng k cc chi ph in nc internet v tt
c s chia u cho cc mem chung. Tuy nhin WG cc thnh ph ln th a phn thuc qun l ca
cc hi sinh vin studentenwerk hoc mt s t cc ni privat. V hi studentenwerk th mnh khuyn
cc bn nn apply ng k cng lc vi thi im bn apply nhp hc v by gi bn c mi b
chng trnh ngha v qun s Wehrdienst bt buc vi li rt ngn thi gian trung hc ph thng 9
nm Abitur nn s sinh vin tng t bin. Tm nh nh tm vng .
Khi t chn ti thnh ph, hy lm research trn internet xem mt ch youth hostel r nht v chu
kh tm trong khong 1 2 tun u sn nh nh. Nh em theo ci di ng v mua ci sim no r
r m gi cho cc ch nh.
Studentenwerk
Nu bn c k phn trn v ng k nh trc khong...1 nm ti t nht 6 thng trc khi nhp
hc th phn trm bn c cho 1 cn studentenwerk s cao hn cc sinh vin khc. Phn tin li cc
cn h do hi qun l u rt tt, tin nghi v gi li cc r. Nhng xin lu l bn phi trc thuc
dng sinh vin trng cng hoc bn cng th mi c thu, cn nh cc trng t thc th n s
khng gip. Nu thc mc th c tm cc trang web chnh ca studentenwerk tng bang n s lit k
cc trng no m sinh vin trc thuc c th ng k. Nhng nu ng tri ght b bn th ng nn
b cuc, mnh tng gp c ng bn sinh vin c nm trc ti n 1 nm ri mi c cp 1 cn
nh hi y. M ci chc cng thiu s thi ng lo.
C mt dng housing khc l cc k tc x hoc WGs thuc qun l ca cc gio x Catholic hoc
Lutheran. y mt s s yu cu bn i phng vn, hoc ngh bn nn i theo t tng ca h

nu mun n ( i loi nh th, mnh nghe m chng hiu st), cn li th rt thoi mi i vi sinh
vin quc t. sinh hot c gi gic ng hong nhng cng ko km no nhit vi s lng sinh vin i
m v sng say mm trc cng . bn c th xem thm cc link di y
Khi tt c u ko c th c sn nh trn mng hay cc stadt anzeige bnh thng thi. Bn cng c
th xem trn cc Schwarzes Brett, kiu nh bng thng bo cc trng i hc v c rt nhiu sinh
vin s post tm ngi thu li hoc ghp chung. Nu c bn b thnh ph gn cng ang kim
nh th s d dng hn v 2 bn ( hoc 3 v hn) c th thu nguyn cn ri phn chia phng ghp.
Lc i xem nh c bo ti tao l bn thn hoc g g ch khng phi l mun WG. thng th ch
nh h cng ch quan tm nhng s t ko mun dnh rc ri sau ny v kiu nh ghp, th thng ny
sang li thng kia ri b nh i bin bit ch n chng bit ku ai tr tin thu. Mt cch khc l bn
c th ng mc tm nh trn bo ( Koeln mnh th th gi l 14 euro cho mt ngy v 21 euro cho 2
ngy ng) v li s in thoi. m bo s c ngi ngh bn thu nh ca h, s ny l ch
ring h ko mun phi ng qung co trn mng hoc c th ch do li bing nhng d sao h vn
s d dng chp nhn cc iu kin ca bn hn. ni cch khc bn l ngi ra quyt nh la chn
gia cc ngh ch khng phi ch ngi khc ng cho bn chuyn vo nh lc tm nh trn
mng. Cch cui cng l ln mng wg-gesucht.de v tm cc WG thnh ph ca bn. a phn cc
mc tm ngi thu trn ny thng ngn hn, c 1 thng ti 6 thng l ht. V th mnh chng bao gi
ng n ci website ny c. V bn thu nh trn ny phn ln cng kh kn chn, thy mnh chu
khng kho li ght ny n na.
Hi thnh ph trc th em tm c nh theo cch ny: Em ti ng k Studentenwerk nhng m
k c nh, phng ngoi ca h li cho ng nh tm ngi v ng ch nh ca em ng , gi
in n may lm sao bc Hausmeister li ang c nh nn ch 2 ting sau l em chy ti xem nh,
hi han gi c, bc ny d nn ok lun ^^. Th l c 1 cn h khp kn ngay gia thnh ph
Cn nh Frankfurt th em tm th ny:
V cha l SV Frankfurt nn k th xin nh k tc x, cn nu c nhn vo trng th cch u tin
vn l m n xin nh k tc, c bit l phi t mnh n np h s th c nh nhanh gp 20 ln so
vi ng k qua mng. Em quen my em gi ch xin trc c vi tun m c nh ri...
Quay li vic lc em cha phi SV trng nn cha c xin vo KTX: Em tm qua bo a phng,
nhng thng nhng mu rao vt k bit nh trng th no, tin thu chi tit mi thng ra sao,
nhiu khi nh tn u u xa tt m tp...
Xem bo k kt qu g em tm trn mng. Tra Google : Wohnung 1 Zimmer hay 2 Zimmer Frankfurt. C
nhng trang m c tin Provision l tin phi tr cho mi gii th em b qua k thm xem...+_+ cn li
th xem tut. WG-gesucht cng c nh cho thu di hn y , k ch l my thng u. Nh bn
studenten-wg cng c Angebot kh kh. Tm trn mng c nhng ch m c th lin lc vi ch nh
th vit n gin mnh mun thu v hn xem nh, nh no cn trng h s tr li v hn ti xem. Xem
ri mnh ng th ni h mnh mun thu, h xem xt ri ok th mnh s thu dc nh . Nh Ffm thu
tht l kh v 1 nh cng c 10 thng mun thu... bn ch nh c quyn chn lc nn yu cu
lng phi 1500 ri cn chng minh ny n mt lm.
Cch tm c nh hiu qu na l ngi canh FB. Nh trong FB ngnh em hc c 1,2 ngy li thy
chng n kim ng chung WG 3-4 a. Cho nn u th th tra xem fb ca trng ngnh c g
k. V d hc Ffm th tra Wiwi Frankfurt hay l Goethe Uni xem n ra ci g chng.
Cch tm na l t ng ln trang rao vt ca trng: mnh l Sv mi cn tm nh gp, s dt lin h
l:... hay treo t ri nhng khu vc ng SV qua li trong trng, thng nhng ch cng treo y
nhng t ri tm ngi chung WG hay cho thu nh g g .
Cn na l nu TP ng qun n ng Vit sinh sng th chy ti nhng qun hi, th no cng tm
c ch tr ng^^ Ri hi nhng a SV VN ang hc y xem nh h ang tr c ch no trng k
hay nh h hi Hausmeister xem c phng no sp trng k.
Nu kt hp tt c cc cch trn th bo m k lu s tm dc nh thch hp.+ thm cht may mn na
nh!
Xin Zulassung Trng Thuc Uni-assit
uni assist
+ln web ng k ti khon v ng nhp vo ti khon ca mnh
+in thng tin vo cc mc theo tng bc, tm trng , chn ngnh tham gia trong ti khon uni
assist ca mnh.
+khi in xong tt c thng tin ca mnh theo tng bc th in ra 1 file t application m mnh va
in thng tin ri k tn vo

+gi cc h s cn thit (t application m m va in v k tn, bng cao ng,bng im cao

ng, bng cp 3, APS, TestAS, passport, cmnd, xc nhn hc ting or bng ting c, bng anh vn
nu c) qua ng buu in. (ko c ng k sai khi ngnh vi ngnh m hoc o vn. dang k sai n
s ko chuyn tip h s of m m cn ku m thay i,nh vy mt time, ph gi bdien na)
+ Np ph qua ti khon bank cho h. nu chuyn t vn th khi hon thnh cc bc in thng tin trn
ti khon uni-assist va to th mail cho n xin giy xc nhn ng tin ra bank ng tin cho n.
(nu c ng bn c chuyn tin dm th ko phi xin mail ny)
+theo di trng thi h s ca m tren ti khon ca mnh c j trc trc,thay i th mail ni n lien tuc.
Du Hc c Theo Chng Trnh Freshman
Xin cho tt c mi ngi. Mnh l 1 trong nhng hc sinh nhng kha u tin ca chng trnh
Freshman ti Vietnam. Mnh xin ng gp cho hi 1 bi review v chng trnh ny cho tt c cc bn
qua nhng g mnh hiu bit v n. Mnh chia review ra lm 3 phn :
1. Qu trnh chun b
2. Cuc sng
3. Chng trnh hc tp
V c bn, Freshman l 1 hc vin trc thuc Fh Aachen . H s bo lnh cho nhng bn hc sinh
tt nghip THPT nhng khng t iu kin ca DAAD nh tng im h di 15, c mn di 4...
sang c du hc theo ting Anh hoc ting c. Sau nm kollegt cc bn c quyn np n xin vo tt
c cc trng i hc trong bang NRW. ( Cng c Aufnahme l nhng trng cc bang khc nhng iu
ny khng chc chn )
1. Phn chun b
Chc cc bn du hc sinh u hiu cn phi chun b g trc khi i du hc. Ci u tin l ngoi ng.
Bn phi t trnh ngoi ng c th thi qua k thi tuyn ca Freshman ti Vietnam vo thng
5 v thng 6 hng nm. Bn s phi thi 2 mn ngoi ng v ton ( ko s dng my tnh cm tay). V
ngoi ng, nu bn c chng ch c cng nhn nh IELF 6.0 ca ting Anh hoc ZD ca ting
c, bn s khng phi tham gia k thi ngoi ng. Cn v ton th l nhng kin thc rt rt c bn.
Nu bn theo hc ti trung tm mi gii du hc nh u C,.. s c lp n cho cc bn cn trc khi thi.
tham gia trng chnh ny, bn c th lin h trc tip qua internet hoc tham gia kha du hc ca
cc trung tm du hc. Nhng thng tin ny c th d dng tm c nh google. Khi vt qua k thi,
bn s nhn c Zulassung v sau lm visum ti SQ nh bth. Bn cnh bn phi chun b 1
khon tin ph l 16000. Khon tin ny bao gm gn nh tt c tr tin v my bay, tin n ung v
t cc nh ca bn c ( Khng tnh nhu cu Privat ). Tt nhin mnh khng th rt c ng no t
khon ny.
2. Cuc sng
Khi cc bn bc chn ln nc c, Freshman s lo tt c cho cc bn: n a, nh ca, gia hn
visum, bo him, v tu xe, Anmeldung ...
V ni , cc bn s c sp xp ti cc campus ca Frehman l Linnich hoc Geilenkirchen ( mi y
hnh nh c thm 1 campus mi l Bergbau ngay gn Kleve ). Nhng ch ny hon ton l Dorf nn
nhng bn a cuc sng mu m, si ng chc chn s thy ngn . Nh ca th c 2 dng, nh dng
wohnung 2 n 3 phng v dng studienwerk. Nhng c 1 nhc im l cc bt buc s phi chung
2 ngi 1 phng vi ging,t, bn hc ring bit. iu ny s gy t nhiu tr ngi trong cuc sng
cng nh cng vic hc hnh i vi cc bn. iu kin sng th rt ok: internet, l si, bp... Khu
trung tm, bn tu v siu th nh Kaufland, netto, Rewe cch ni khng xa lm nu i b. Tt nhin
l c bus nhng thi gian khng c linh hot cho lm. Ni hc nm gn nh cng khun vin ni
nn ch 3 l c th i b c n lp. c ci thi tit y rt tuyt v xung quanh ton cnh ng
v sn Golf nn kh l trong lnh.
3. Chng trnh hc tp
Freshman cc bn s hc cng vi phn ln l cc hc sinh n t Trung Quc cn li l 1 vi nc
khc nhng khng nhiu. Trnh ca cc hc sinh nc khc th hay cng c v d cng c. Nhng v
ngoi ng th gn nh cc bn gn nh tri hn hn.
Chng trnh hc tp cng ging nh nhng studenkollegt khc trn nc c. Nu bn hc k thut,
bn s phi hc mn Ton, L, Ha, Ting Anh, Ting c. V cc mn ton, l, ha hon ton ging
kin thc ca cp 3. C mt s ch v cch gio dc khc nn 1 s bn s khng quen. V d: C dng
kin thc VN ch c lm quen, khng i su nhng y th ngc li. V cc mn ngoi ng, vi k
thut h ch yu cu ch yu l ting c. Ting Anh hc 1 trnh rt s ng, khng yu cu cao
v khng cn phi thi tt nghip ( FSP).
Nu cc bn theo hc v kinh t, cc bn s phi hc ting Anh, ting c, ton , kinh t. Chc chn
nhng kin thc v kinh t i cc bn nu cha tng qua i hc VN s mi toanh. V bn phi hc

bng ngoi ng nn s l kh khn bc u. Ngoi ra, kinh t h yu cu cao v c ting Anh v ting
c nn khng ging nh k thut. Bn gn nh phi hc song song 2 th ting. Theo kinh nghim ca
mnh th ti Freshman, ln lp hc ch chim 30 n 40% cn li l do cch cc bn nhn thc v t
hc c nhng g v ntn. Theo mnh th cc bn nn dnh thi gian v t gic hc cc mn ngoi ng
nhiu hn 1 cht v trn lp mi th rt l m, c th theo gio trnh bn hc n trnh C nhng
thc ra nhng g bn nm gi li km hn rt nhiu. Tt nht cc bn nn tranh th thi gian VN hc
thm ngoi ng h tr khi sang y, nu khng mun s phi ng tin thi li hoc tham gia cc k
thi mt ph bn ngoi nh DSH hay IELTS ( Bng Privat ch c chp nhn khi thi ti Spraachen
Akademi )
Theo lut ca c, mi du hc sinh c thi k thi tt nghip d b i hc (FSP) 2 ln. y cng vy.
Thng thng s c 1 k thi chnh thc vo thng 6. Trong trng hp bn vt qua k thi ny th s tip
tc cng vic l np n xin vo cc trng i hc. Trng hp cn li, nhng mn bn s c bo
lu kt qu, cn nhng mn cha vt qua cc bn s c thi li duy nht 1 ln vo thng 11 cng nm
hoc thng 6 nm sau. Bn cnh bn c th t hc t n trong thi gian ch thi li hoc n trng
hc li vi iu kin phi t lo ch n v phi ng 1 khon ph ln thm na. Nu mnh khng nhm
th hin ti l 2500/1 mn.
Ngoi ra Freshman m bo cho cc bn 1 ch hc sau khi vt qua k thi FeP bi cc trng Partner
nh FH Aachen, Uni Duisburg Essen, Bielefeld, HS Sdwestfalen,... Tc l cc bn khng cn lo lm
trong trng hp cc trng bn np n khng cp Zu cho cc bn i hc.
Trn y l mnh vit nhng g theo hiu bit c nhn khi tham gia chng trnh ny. Minh xin nhn xt
1 cch tng qut v Freshman. Thc ra khi cc bn c s nhn thy chng trnh ny u im th t
nhng nhc im th nhiu, ch yu l chi ph qu ln. Ai trong s bn mnh cng u nhn thy iu
ny nhng cng phi cng lng ln c chng. C mt vi kin ca cc bn kha ny v kha trc
cho rng chng trnh hc ca Freshman kh hn nhng Kollegt khc. Ci ny mnh khng dm nhn
xt v cng chng c tham gia lp hc ca cc Kollegt no nhng khi so snh vi chng trnh hc
ca 1 2 a bn cc TP khc th cng c nhng ci kh hn. C 1 vi bn ca cc trng Kollegt khc
c ni nhng iu khng hay v hc sinh ca Freshman nhng hon ton l trn ci nhn 1 chiu
nn mnh khng mun cp ti y. Ni chung li thc ra khi cc bn xc nh i du hc cc bn
cng phi xc nh trc mnh s lm g v c g khi sang y ri, cha k c c bn sn mu
thm k him. Nhng chc chn 1 iu l bc chn sang nc c l m ra 1 c hi rt ln vi cc
bn. Cn li l ty thuc vo cc bn. Mnh xin ht ti y.
Du kannst dich dafr entscheiden, was zu haben, Alles oder nichts. Das Leben und Studium in
Deutschland sind kein Zuckerschlecken.
Gii thiu v chng trnh Freshman: You have to login and like this post in order to see this link
Cho nm hc d b l 16000 (cha bao gm l ph tham gia trung tm, l ph thi th hnh nh mnh
nh l ko c). Tin trn ch bao gm tin hc, tin v chi ph i du lch Hamburg v Paris, tin v my
bay sang c v tin n bn t lo. Tin n y bn ko b bt buc hoc gii hn phi c bao nhiu
trong nm d b .
Sau khi hc xong chng trnh FM th bng ca bn chc chn c cng nhn trong bang NRW v th
bn c th gi h s ng k n tt c cc trng trong bang ny. Nhng bang khc th trng FM ko
chc chn nhng bn c th th. Cn v phn tin hn 8000 m bn kia nhc chc l tin gia hn
visa. 1 s bang th n bt bn phi gii hn s tin trong ti khon ca bn. Bn phi c tm 8000
th mi gia hn c visa cho nm tip nhng c ni th ko. Ci ny cn tu vo bang bn hc v tu vo
tng ng v c ng n tiu tit kim th ko ht 8000 u. Mnh hc FM kho u tin sau gi h s
ng k bang Bayern v hin ang hc Hochschule Nuernberg nn mnh ngh c th ng k c
sang bang khc d dng.
Cn v chng trnh hc th mnh thy cng n. Ting c th hc theo chng trnh thi DSH nn
khi phi ni. Ton v kinh t th hc theo chng trnh m nhiu trg H c ang ging dy. Ko hiu
bn Cng trn hc nm 2 ntn m ku ko tt.
V phn ch th hc 1 thnh ph rt nh nn c phn hi bt tin nhng dn cng quen.
Ngoi vn chi ph v ko c TP ln ra th mnh thy ok

Giy T Cn Phi Np Xin Giy Nhp Hc

Ad ly v d trng FH Mittweida. Ni chung cc trng khc cng tng t vy thi m. C bn l vy,
cn nguyn tc l tha cn hn thiu. Cng nhiu cng tt. M c thiu th h s gi Email yu cu
mnh b xung.
H s nhp hc cn (phi) c khi xin hc:
- Mt bn in Onlinebewerbung ( thng download trn trang ch ca trng ) hoc n xin nhp hc
(Antrag auf Einschreibung)
- Mt bn coppy ( cng chng) tiu chun u vo ca trng
- S yu l lch (Lebenslauf)
- nh h s (c ghi tn mt sau)
- Mt phong b c ghi sn a ch ca mnh trng gi li kt qu
Cho mt s chuyn ngnh sau th yu cu thm:
- i vi c nhn ngnh Medienmanagement/ Medientechnik Erfassungsbogen
Yu cu thm mt bn coppy v kinh nghim lm vic trc ( bng cp, nh gi nhn xt ca n
v .... )
Thc tp
- i vi c nhn ngnh Soziale Arbeit (Direktstudium)
Chng nhn 3 nm kinh nghim vic lm trong lnh vc Sozial v khng phi lm vic trong thi gian
hc ( giy ny xin ca ch lao ng)
- i vi Master ngnh Soziale Arbeit (Vollzeit/Teilzeit)
Yu cu bng tt nghip ( cng chng) ca Bachelor cng nh l giy chng nhn tt nghip
Bng im
- i vi sinh vin mun chuyn trng trong hc k u hoc nhng k hc sau:
Tng quan v cc k hc t trc n hin ti v kt qu cc k thi vi bng im cp nht nht
- Giy chng nhn ri trng c
- n xin chuyn trng
Nu xin chuyn ngnh th yu cu bn vit thm mt bn l do ti sao mun chuyn sang ngnh hc
th hai ny.
Tham kho thm ti.
Testas - Kinh Nghim V Chia S
T thi Test AS t 27-10 va ri, c cht thng tin (hi di t) chia s mong l hu ch cho mi ngi nh
^^
t t thi khong tm 300 mng.
Bt u thi hn ng k
Cc bn lin h vi DAAD xin s TAN ng k. C th l t lin h trc tip vi a
ch ngocvdz@gmail.com , gi km theo thng tin v tn,ngy thng nm sinh, s DT, s chng minh,
ngn ng chn thi ( anh hoc c) v chuyn ngnh thi. Sau khi c s TAN th ng k nh trn page
c ri y. Mi ngi nh Benutzername v passwort nh v lc thi Sprach-Screening th s ng nhp
bng ti khon n. Tng n gin thi nhng hm t thi c trng hp ko thi c v ko nh tn ng
nhp y @@ rt rc ri.
Trc khi thi khong 1 thng ti khon test as ca cc bn s nhn c Zulassungsschreiben . n hm
thi th in ra , k tn vo v mang i thi , km theo chng minh th hoc h chiu tu theo thng tin b
ng k. Trong thi gian n th lin tc check mail nh v hay lin tc c thng tin ca daad v phng
thi cng nh danh sch thi, c sai st g cn chnh sa kp thi. Ni dung thi ni chung l v kh nng
t duy thi nn ch c ci trng tm no n c :d . Ni chung c hc ting cng nhiu cng tt thi.
Dng cu hi nh kiu cc bi ton n gin, tnh ton, suy lun, tm hnh hp quy lut, tm s thch
hp... Ni chung l khng kh lm u, hon ton ko phi l nh ,vn l phi hiu ngi ta hi
mnh ci g thi . cc bn c th vo ci trang n lm cc dng test iq cho quen v cng m rng
vn t n http://www.testedich.de/ \:d/ . Tp lm nhiu ci dng chn hnh ph hp vi quy lut, nh
kiu my cu trn Olympia y, cho quen, vo bn cho c :d
Bt u thi
Nn i sm 1 cht gi v tm ch ngi nh. Nh ko nhm th thi vit 260 pht th phi.Gm phn
kerntest v chuyn ngnh ( tu bc no thi ngnh no th tm hiu ngnh y trn testas.de nh ). Mi
phn thi li gm nhiu phn nh. thi l 1 quyn nh kiu catalogue y ). Trong quyn y l cc
phn thi c nh du r rng. Mi phn thi c 1 thi gian thi nht nh. Ht thi gian thi ca phn n
l n phn khc. Khng c d li phn trc lm, d c tha thi gian. Nu b pht hin xem li
ca nhng phn trc th s b nh ch thi. Theo nh ph bin ca cc bc gim th l vy, ci hi
trng c trm ngi, ai d li c ko th ko bit ). Thi lin tc ko c pause cho c phn Kerntest.

Ni chung l phi tp trung cao , kh l cng. C ci phiu tr li trc nghim cc bc nh gi cho

phng nh, ging ging thi i hc nh ) , nhng l dng bt bi (en hoc xanh) gch cho p n.
Ht phn kerntest , pause vi pht ri thi tip. Thi c bui sng t 7h n 11h bao nhiu , ni chung
l cng, nn ngh cc bc np nng lng dt do vo cho c sc tnh to m chin u :d.
n bui chiu thi Sprach-Screening, s chia thnh cc nhm ln lt thi, mi ln mi my ngi, ko
nh lm. Thi gian thi v nhm thi ca mi ngi u c danh sch v thng bo r rng. Kinh nghim
xng mu ca t l ci n Theo nh gim th nhc nh th nn c mt trc lc thi t nht na ting,
th l hn nhin ln l hng gi n tm y mi vo, nhng v nhiu l do ( i thi th mi ngi bit )
thi gian thi gia cc nhm b y sm ln. Nhm u tin th ko nh hng nhiu lm, nhng cc
nhm cng v sau cng b y ln ( ng ngha vi vic cc bc s c v sm y =)) ) Th l thnh
ra t vo mun, nhm ca t thi mt ri => phi i thi cng nhm cui cng ( mt cng ch i v thi
gian vng ngc m ng nh ra c v sm tung tng ri ) )
Vo phng thi ci n, mi ngi s chn 1 ci my, login, ri i hiu lnh tt c cng start. Phn thi
gm 6 bi, theo dng in ch ci cn thiu vo cc t trong 1 vn bn. kh d khc nhau. Mi bi
lm trong 5 pht. Sau 5p, my s t ng chuyn sang bi khc, ko quay li c, nn ngh mi
ngi lm khn trng, t no ng ng cha in c th c in ba vo chng may ng ) cng ch
nh mi bi c bao nhiu ch cn in, tm hai my th phi. V lng rt phong ph, mi my 1 ,
nn cc bc cha thi ko cn thit phi hng cc bc thi ri hi lm g c ) v thng ch ging
nhau, vi li phi in hng bao nhiu ch, ch my ai nh m k li c u :d
Thi xong log out \m/ => v thi, 4 tun sau login l c Ergebnis in ra ri )
Sau l tip tc vt ln xin Zu nh ^^ chc tt c chng ta thnh cng
Nn Mang G Khi i Du Hc
Rt nhiu bn tr bn khon v vn nn mang theo nhng g khi i du hc. Liu bn x l c y
mi th m mnh vn quen dng nh Vit Nam hay khng.
Chng ta hay cng nhau tham kho mt s kinh nghim ca cc bndu hc sinh c th chun b
mt cch tt nht cho mnh nh.
Trung bnh mi du hc sinh thng ch c em theo 3040 kg hnh l.
Mt s gi di y s gip bn c c hnh trang du hc gn nh v hp l:
Qun o
a s cc bn chun b i du hc u mua kh nhiu qun o, vi tm l tit kim v cho rng mua
qun o nh r hn. Tuy nhin, kinh nghim truyn li t cc du hc sinh cho thy qun o li l th
nn t em theo nht.
cc nc thng c hai ma h gi ln mi nm: ma ng v ma h. Lc ny gi c cc mt
hng, c bit l qun o, gim mnh, bn hon ton c th mua qun o mi, cht lng tt, hp thi
trang v ph hp vi thi tit ni bn theo hc, c bit vi qun o dnh cho ma ng. V th, tt
nht bn ch nn em theo qun o (khng nht thit phi mua mi) cn thit v mc cho 1-2
thng u.
Thuc men
y l mt trong nhng th khng th thiu trong hnh l du hc. Khng ging nh Vit Nam, ti
nhiu nc trn th gii, v d nh M v cc nc chu u, bn ch c mua thuc cha bnh nu c
toa thuc ca bc s v thng phi mt t nht mt tun mi c th t lch hn khm.
Do , bn nn chun b sn cc loi thuc cm st thng thng khi cn c th dng ngay. Bn
cnh , nn em theo cc loi thuc c tr nh au bao t, vim xoang nu bn bit r bnh ca
mnh.
Nhu yu phm
Ngoi nhng dng ti thiu phi s dng hng ngy nh bn chi nh rng, khn mt, sa tm,
nhng vt dng khc bn khng nht thit phi mua t Vit Nam. Mu m hng ha a dng vi gi
tin ph hp s cho bn nhiu la chn mua sm nc m bn theo hc.
Tuy nhin, nn em theo ko v tng ct tc (i vi cc bn nam) v gi ct tc nc ngoi rt
t (nhiu bn nam thng tranh th dp h v Vit Nam ct u inh hoc co trc tit kim khon
tin ny).
Giy t
Bn nn chun b mt b h s bao gm bn sao cc loi giy t cn thit nh h chiu, chng minh
nhn dn, giy khai sinh, vn bng chng ch, bng im c cng chng, phng khi cn thit. c
bit, bn nn em theo nhiu hnh th (c 34 v c passport) v chp hnh th mt s nc, nh
cc nc phng Ty, khng r v bn thng phi t chp bng my t ng nn c th khng p.
Thc n
Nhng ch trng trong vali nn c lp y bng n Vit Nam l kinh nghim m gii du hc

sinh truyn t li. Thi gian u khi bn cha quen vi thc n bn a, n em theo t Vit Nam,
c bit l m gi, s l cu tinh ca bn. D cc nc u c siu th chu , nhng a s u bn
thc phm Trung Quc, t Vit Nam, gia v Vit (bt nm, gia v ph, b kho) v th li cng him,
nu c th mi v cng khng m . Do vi nhng bn d nh t nu n th ng qun em theo
ni cm in v gia v.
Nhng vt dng khc
u chuyn in nht thit phi c trong vali i du hc ca bn, v cm in cc nc rt khc
nhau. Bn c th tm mua loi u chuyn a nng, dng c cho mi loi cm, rt tin dng v c
th em theo khi i du lch cc nc.
Ngoi ra bn cng nn chun b cc loi a ci windows v phn mm my tnh phng khi laptop ca
bn gp trc trc; mt s qu lu nim n gin (bookmark, bu thip); ti ng (nu bn d nh i
du lch nhiu); hnh nh ca gia nh, ngi thn v bn b (s rt hu ch trong thi gian u xa nh,
chng s khin bn cm gic nh c gia nh v bn b bn cnh).
i vi cc bn i hc nhng nc s dng xe p rng ri nh H Lan, nn em theo mt b v xe
n gin, v cng v v sa xe nhng nc ny kh t .
Cui cng, th quan trng nht m bn khng th thiu trong hnh trang du hc l tm l sn sng
sng t lp mt cch ng ngha nht, v bn s phi t lo liu cuc sng ca mnh, t vic hc n
nhng vic nh nht nh mua go, nc mm, mui.
Mt s kinh nghim khc
Ln u tin ra nc ngoi hc tp, xa ngi thn, bn b, li khng c kinh nghim g c, chc hn
bn s gp v vn nhng kh khn trong thi k u ny, v d nhin, nhng kh khn s lm kt
qu hc tp ca bn khng cao. gip bn b ng trong ln u tin i du hc, chng ti xin cung
cp cho bn mt s kinh nghim qu gi m nhng lu hc sinh i trc c kt c.
1 Bn cn mang g v lm g trc khi ra sn bay i du hc ?
- Bn nn c y thng tin v: thi tit, t gi tin t, phong tc tp qun v nc bn n
- H chiu cn thi hn v visa nhp cnh vo nc bn sang hc
- Th mi nhp hc ca trng (phi nh v nm r tn, a ch ca trng, ngi n sn bay, nhn
vin ph trch sinh vin quc t ca trng, hoc gia nh homestay).
- V my bay.
- Giy t bo him.
- Nn mang theo b h s chng minh ti chnh m bn np vo s qun xin visa, ti liu ny rt
cn thit cho bn gia hn kho hc.
- Cc giy t lin quan n qu trnh hc tp ca bn (cng chng v c dch sang ting Anh).
- Tin chi tiu
- nh ca gia nh v bn b rt cn cho bn nhng khi nh nh trong nhng ngy u xa t quc.
- S ghi a ch v s in thoi, email.
- Mt cun s vit nht k
- Mang theo thuc d phng nh thuc ho, du xoa, thuc au u, cm st, nh mi, au bng i
ngoi v khng sinh
- Thng thng mi sinh vin khng c mang qu 25 kg, bn nn kim tra li xem hng ca mnh c
b qu cn hay khng.
- em theo 1 th sinh vin quc t.
- Mang theo 20 chic nh c 34 v 46 sang lm cc loi th.
- Hnh l phi dn tn v a ch ni bn s n.
- Ghi li ton b c ng gi trong mi valy v thng hng c th trnh bo khi tht lc hoc
tin tm khi bn n ni cui.
- Khng mang nhng m nc bn cm hoc khng khuyn khch.
2 Nhng iu bn cn lu khi ti sn bay nc bn.
- Khi my bay h cnh bn nn n quy All other Passpost holders hoc Asian Passpost holders
lm th tc nhp cnh
- Cho hi nhn vin nhp c mt cch lch s v a cho h giy t ca bn, bao gm h chiu, t
khai nhp cnh v v my bay. i khi h hi bn s nc h trong bao lu? hc g, u? bn phi
chun b sn giy t a cho h xem. Nu h thc mc ngh h gi in v trng ni bn ng k
hc hai bn t gii quyt.

- Bn nh k hiu chuyn bay ra bng chuyn ly hnh l. Mn hnh v tuyn s ch r cho bn hnh
l ca bn s c tr ti bng chuyn no.
- Khng mang h qu ca ngi l gi khi khng bit l h gi g.
- Bn nn n quy thng tin h ch gip bn cch bay tip hoc i bng 1 phng tin no nh
taxi, bus
3 Cch thng tin v cho gia nh bit bn n ni an ton
- Nu bn TP HCM bn phi quay theo m s: 00 84 8 v s c nh ca nh bn ti TPHCM.
- Nu bn H Ni bn phi quay theo m s: 00 84 4 v s c nh ca nh bn ti H Ni.
- Nu bn quay s di ng bn phi quay theo m s: 00 84 v s di ng bn cn gi (Lu phi b
s 0 u trc s 9) V d: Nu l s 0913 557486 th bn ch quay 00 84 913 557486.
4 Cch lm quen vi phong cch v li sng mi.
- i vi sinh vin ln u mi ra nc ngoi, tuy vn hc tp vn c t ln hng u nhng bn
cng nn quan tm n vic kt bn v tm ch n . Kh nng thch ng vn ho s dn n nhng
thnh cng trong hc tp, giao tip cng nh sc kho ca c nhn bn.
- Khi bn n hc mt nc no , bn s phi tham gia vo mt nn vn ha mi rt nng ng,
a dng, mt t nc mi. Mc d bn gii quan st v hiu r v nhng bn hc ngi nc ,
nhng i khi bn vn ngc nhin v hnh vi ca h. Cho nn bn s phi lm g trong khi ch i? u
tin hy ci v th gin. Sau quan st v nghe ngng. Hy bit cm nhn s khc bit vn ho m
bn va khm ph ra theo mt cch hi hc.
- S ng gi ngang vi s tn trng nc ngoi, ngi ta rt coi trng s nhanh nhn v cch
nhanh nht nh mt s tn trng ca h l n mun. Nu bn n mun d ch 5 pht trong mt
cuc phng vn, bn c th nh mt quyn tham d ca mnh. Bt c mt s tr hn no cng b cho
l thiu tn trng. Nu bn ch nh mt th, th l: hy n ng gi, hoc thm ch n sm. Nu
khng th n ng hn hy lun bit xin li.
- Mt ci bt tay l mt li cho, cho d bn l nam hay n, gi hay tr l kiu tip xc gia nhng
ngi bn. Nhng bn hy lu nu l ngi l th thng trnh chm vo ngi khc, thm ch trong
m ng nu chng may bn chm phi mt ngi l hy lun ni xin li.
- Bn hy nn ch ng gi khong cch 3 bc vi ngi l v bn hc, thm ch l trong sut cuc
ni chuyn hay i ng trong hng. Khi bn thu hp li khong cch , h c th cm thy khng
thoi mi.
- Bt c khi no cm thy khng bit th bn hy quan st mi ngi xung quanh. V nu chng may
c mt s nhm ln no bn hy ci v hi Whats wrong?
- Hy lng trc l bn s phi chu ng qa trnh thch ng v vn ho, thm ch c khi bn l ngi
c kh nng thch ng tt.
- Tm mt s bn ng hng v ni v cm gic ca mnh.
- Tham gia vo cc hot ng ca trng nh: th thao, cu lc b sinh vin hoc nhng cng vic ti
trng. Lp ra mt nhm bn b.
- Nu c ai mi bn dng ba th bn hy ni c. Nu khng bn s mt c hi. Nu khng c ai mi
th bn hy ch ng mi mt ai .
- Theo di nhng du hiu suy yu v sc kho nh mt ng, chn nhy hi nhng ngi bn thn
hoc trung tm t vn sc kho ca trng.
- Hy chun b mt s cu chuyn lm quen vi cc bn sinh vin nc s ti, c th l v thi tit, th
thao, hay nhng ngy l, v cc thnh vin trong gia nh h. S thnh cng trong vic thch ng c
vi nn vn ho mi tht l tuyt vi. S ho hp vi mt nn vn ho khc s gip bn rt nhiu
trong cuc sng sau ny.
5/ Mt s iu cn ch v hc tp cch hc t hiu qu cao.
- Cc bn phi trang b cho mnh kh nng ngoi ng tht tt theo hc cc chuyn ngnh ca cc
bn (ting Anh, php, c, Trung, Nht tu theo nc m cc bn theo hc).
- Thng thng sinh vin phi nghe ging trn ging ng, ph thm l cc hot ng tr ging trong
cc nhm nh ni m bn c th thoi mi trao i v trnh by mi tng vi gio vin, qu trnh
ny gip bn ny sinh nhiu sng kin v tm ra nhng hng i mi, bn nn mnh dn t tin s
dng tt nhng thi gian ny. Mc d mi quan h gia gio vin v sinh vin rt cht ch nhng ch
yu vn l vic t hc.

- V bn khng bt buc phi ln lp do vy c rt nhiu thi gian t hc nn vic t chc v sp

xp vic t hc rt quan trng. Nn ch cn bng gia vic hc v vic chi.
- Bn phi nghe ging nh th no? Bn phi t gic n trng nghe ging, nu bn nh hc mt bui
bn s thy hu qu ngay lp tc.
- Nu bn b nh 1 bui hc th nn mn v ghi chp ca cc bn b xung ngay.
- Nu c th bn nn c ti liu trc khi n nghe ging, bn s d dng hiu bi hn.
- Bn nn bao qut thng tin, ghi chp nhanh nhng chnh, km theo cc lu ca gio vin hng
dn, cc ph lc bn cn phi c v nghin cu thm.
- Sau khi nghe ging xong, cc bn nn c li hiu cc vn chnh v ghi li cho c h thng v
b xung nhng vn nghin cu thm hoc tham kho c mt bi hc hon chnh.
- Phong cch hc c nh gi rt cao khi bn bit c lp suy ngh v t tin.
Danh Sch Cc Ngnh Cng Nhm Theo Anabin
Danh sch cc Ngnh cng nhm theo anabin
Nhm 1:
Kho c hc
Lch s
Lch s M thut
Lch s m nhc
Trit hc
Nhm 2:
S phm
Ngn ng hc
Trit hc
Xut bn
Ng vn hc
Dch thut
Nhm 3:
M thut to hnh/To
mu
M thut
m nhc
Ngh thut Sn khu
Nhm 4:
Tn gio hc
Khoa hc Thn hc
Nhm 5:
Thin vn hc
Tin hc
Ton hc
Vt l

Nhm 6:
Sinh hc
Ha sinh
Ha hc
Ha thc phm

Nhm 11:
Kin trc
Xy dng
K thut Trc a
K thut Cung ng

Nhm 16:
Cng ngh Dinh dng
Dinh dng hc
Cng ngh Ch bin
Thc phm

Nhm 7:
a l hc
a cht hc
a vt l
Kh tng hc
Khong vt hc

Nhm 12:
K thut in
C kh chnh xc
Cc Ngnh Cng ngh
ch to my (K thut
-t, K thut ht nhn,
K thut hng khng v.
v...)
Cng ngh Vt liu kim
loi
Vt l K thut

Nhm 17:
Cng ngh May v Thi
trang
Cng ngh Dt

Nhm 8:
Y hc
Dc hc
Nha khoa
Nhm 9:
Nng hc
Lm hc
Th Y
Nhm 10:
Kinh doanh v Qun tr
Chnh tr hc
Lut
X hi hc
Xc xut, Thng k
Du lch
Qun l hnh chnh
cng
Dn tc hc
Kinh t

Nhm 13:
K thut m
K thut luyn, c kim
Nhm 14:
Cng ngh Ha
Xy dng Cng nhip
My Ha/C kh ng
lc
Nhm 15:
Qu trnh Thit b
C kh vn hnh
K thut Tu thy

Nhm 18:
Cng ngh In
Nhm 19:
Khoa hc vt liu
Cng ngh Vt liu cao
phn t v t hp
Cng ngh Vt liu kim
loi
Nhm 20:
Khoa hc ngh lm
vn
Nng ha - Th nhng
Chm sc cy trng
Trng nho

PS: y l danh sch theo nhm ngnh, quy nh l vy nhng m chng ta vn c th lch lut xin
hc cch ngnh khc nhau theo mun ca chng ta. Ad c bi vit chi tit v vn ny. Cc bn
tham kho ti:
Xin Zulassung tri ngnh
Khi i du hc ni chung rt nhiu bn mong mun c hc ngnh khc vi ngnh ng k, hc ti
Vit nam, k c nhng bn tt nghip i hc VN sang hc li Bachelor ( i hc) ln nhng bn
mun hc Master ( cao hc) khc vi ngnh mnh hc Vit Nam.
Nhng theo quy nh i vi du hc c l khng c xin hc ngnh ngoi nhm ngnh ca mnh
theo hc Vit Nam.
Vic ny hon ton c th lm c, vo hon ton rt n gin. Phi nh r 1 iu l khng bao gi
c xin Zulassung cc trng thuc t chchttp://www.uni-assist.de/. V nh th th 100% s b loi
ngay h s, va tn tin, va tn thi gian.
* Cch xin i ngnh d nht chnh l ng k vo hc cc trng private Studienkolleg Chng hn nh
private Studienkolleg Leipzig. Khng phi thi m c vo hc lun, thch hc kha no ( ngnh no)
th hc. Tuy nhin trng ny phi mt hc ph, gi nm 2009 l trn di 200 1 thng th phi
(Admin nh ko r). Hc trong 10 thng. Trng ny ch xin vo c cc trng FH thi.
1. i vi nhng bn xin hc bt buc phi hc D B ( SK):
Chng ta u bit, mi bang u c nhng SK khc nhau, nhiu hay t ph thuc vo ln nh ca
tng bang. Nhng trn nguyn tc l mun c d thi vo 1 trong nhng SK ca bang , bn phi
xin c Zu ca 1 trong nhng trng i hc nm trong bang .
Vy nn, khi cn ang VN hoc ang hc ting c c, th cc bn c xin vo nhng trng no
xin Zu 1 cch d dng, cho i ngnh tha mi thi. Va nhanh m va n gian.
Thng th xin hc ngnh k thut d hn ngnh kinh t, v a phn cc ngnh k thut u l
Zulassungsfrei ( Gn nh xin Zu thai mi)
Ly v d Bang Niedersachsen c SK - Hannover, ni m c rt nhiu th h du hc sinh ngi Vit
, ang v s theo hc . Bn ang hc c ng hoc 1 ngnh k thut nhng li mun hc nhm
ngnh kinh t c ( s phi hc W-Kurs SK). Bn c th gi h s xin Zulassung TU- Clausthal,
c ngnh BWL vi Zulassungsfrei. Tuy nhin cc bn nn vit 1 ci Motivation tht l hay, vi ly do
ng thuyt phc cc bn xin hc ngnh BWL. Khi bn nhn c Zu ri th bn cm ci Zu
n Sk-Hannover m ng k thi thi. 1 im na l nu xin Zu TU-Clausthal bn s c cp lun
Zu ting vo trung tm ting ca Trng, mai sau nu bn sang c v mun n hc ting trc
khi thi vo SK th cng c, m khng hc cng khng sao, bn khng phi tr bt k chi ph no nu
khng hc. Cn nu ln hc, th rt tt, v vng chi ph r, dn thn thin v ni
Hochdeutschl, c bit l cc bn SV Vit tuy t nhng sng vi nhau rt tnh cm. Tuy nhin
rt bun, ho lnh, ma ng cc k lnh, chn nht l rt nhiu Tu Kha ( V b trng b k thut
ca Tu tng hc , i vi ngi tu th TU-Clausthal l 1 trong nhng trng k thut hng u
ca c, bn n c ci List: ABC: TU Aachen, TU Berlin, TU Clausthal ) Xem thm v TU Clausthal
ti: http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?f...4.238242969537686&type=1&theater&notif_t=like
Sau khi hc xong khi thi Feststellungsprfung (FSP) th bn hon ton c th xin Zu vo bt k trng
no trn ton nc c cng h vi h m bn hc SK (Tt nhin l cng nhm ngnh m bn
hc SK ri). V d bn hc FH-SK th ch c xin vo hc cc trng FH, nu mun xin vo Uni th
phi thi thm 1 k thi b xung na. Nhng nu hc Uni - SK th bn chc chn c th Bewerbung vo
bt k trng no. Cn cc trng c nhn bn hay khng li ty thuc vo im s ca bn VN,
SK v bi thi FSP.
2. i vi ngi tt nghip i Hc Vit Nam.
*, Nu bn mun hc li i hc c, theo ngnh khc, th cng lm hon ton theo nh phn 1,
hoc lm nh phn 1 v hc DSH ch ko hc SK. (Ci ny phn SK, DSH admin ni ri)
**, Nu bn mun hc Cao hc khch ngnh ( Khc hon ton y ) th vn cn c trng nhn bn.
c c nhiu trng chp nhn cho sinh vin hc thng ln cao hc tri vi ngnh c hc trc
, m xin cng rt n gin.
Trng FH Mittweida (gn Chemnitz y) C chng trnh Master ngnh qun l (Management) vi rt
nhiu chuyn ngnh khc nhau, nhn tt c cc sinh vin khc ngnh. V d nh bn tt nghip
c NG Vit Nam, bn hon ton c th xin vo . ( 1 ngi bn ca admin ang hc kiu ny )
Zulassungsvoraussetzung
Ein Studium kann aufnehmen, wer mindestens einen Bachelor-Abschluss mit 180 ECTS-Credits oder
einen hherwertigen akademischen Abschluss und die erforderlichen Kenntnisse der deutschen
Sprache besitzt. Zustzlich werden englische Sprachkenntnisse auf dem Niveau B1+ nach dem

Gemeinsamen Europischen Referenzrahmen fr Sprachen des Europarates bentigt. Die Hochschule

prft die fachlichen Voraussetzungen der Studienbewerber in einem Eignungstest. Dieser enthlt fr
auslndische Studienbewerber zustzlich die berprfung der sprachlichen Voraussetzungen.
Auslndische Bewerber, die keine ausreichenden Kenntnisse der deutschen Sprache nachweisen
knnen, haben die Mglichkeit, einen Sprachkurs mit anschlieender DSH-Prfung zu belegen.
http://www.institute.hs-mittweida.de/index.php?id=735
Trng Tu Freiberg c h Master ngnh kinh t bng dy bng ting anh, cng nhn tri ngnh. Bn
ca ad VN hc ngnh ha hc, sau i lm lin quan n kinh t, m vn xin c Zu vo hc.
Tt nhin cn nhiu trng na, nhng ad khng th bit ht c.
Khi cc bn tm hiu, th trong ci Voraussetzung ca n ghi rt r iu kin c nhn Zulassung.
Kinh nghim ca bn TRUONG HO:
Mnh cng c kinh nghim xin Zu tri ngnh. C th: Ngy xa mnh hc bn khi T, ngnh k thut
giao thn bn khi A. Sau mnh np n xin Zulassung ngnh Verkehrswirtschaft ca TU Dresden.
H cho mnh Zu. Trn Zu ghi l thi STK khi T Leipzig. Mnh vn i thi bth, u, xong ri h li xp
mnh sang hc khi W. Mnh mi hi c phi nhm ln ko, h ni ko, do h c bn bc k vi TU
Dresden ri. L do l ngnh ca mnh l nm gia, c th hc c W v T, nu hc T th cn hc thm
kinh t, cn nu hc W th cng ko phi hc thm T nhiu, do h quyt nh cho sang W. Mnh ko
chu v ni chuyn vi h v h ng cho chuyn li hc T-Kurs. Kt lun: c c hi i 1
ngnh hc khc, bn hy kim 1 ngnh hc no , m n gia 2 khi, bn c th lch lut 1
cch hp php. Ngnh l ngnh no th ty vo bn thch hc ci g v nghin cu trn ci site ca
trng, v c hi thnh cng th cng ... hn xui v iu ph thuc vo trng !
Cho em hoi thang em em no muon sang Duc du hoc. No thi dau vao truong DH o VN vao nghanh A,
nhung trong thoi gian hoc DH o Vn no chuyen sang hoc nghanh B. Vay khi no xin vao truong o Duc thi
co phai xin vao nghanh A ko hay la tiep tuc hoc nganh B duoc a? Em ko hieu khi xet giay to thi ho xet
nghanh thi vao DH hay la nghanh dang theo hoc a?
Em xin cam on truoc ^^
D chng l em trai em mun sang du hc c sau khi vo c H Vit Nam, khi thi vo H th n
thi vo nghanhf khc sau chuyn sang hc Tin hoc(mi hc 1 k thi ). By gi sang c th n c
th xin vo hc g ? Hc Tin hc hay l phi hc nghanhf khi thi vo H?
Em cm n !
(Cho em hi Add dng chng trnh g vit ting Vit c du? Em trc dng Vietkey nhng ri n c
bt ng k + mua nn em b. C chng trnh khc xi ko bt mua ko ? t khi dng n nn em
cng chng ti...gi phi ln angeltech.us vit...)

Bo Lnh Du Hc
c cho php bo lnh sang du hc.
hi nhng yu cu ca s ngoi kiu, ngi ng bo lnh c cn phi c cng n vic lm
n nh, lng hng thng phi d trn 550,-Euro sau tt c cc khong chi cho cuc sng c nhn.
Ngoi ra, s ngoi kiu cn cn giy chng nhn v ch cho ngi c bo lnh.
Ngi c bo lnh cn phi thi u vo i hc, hoc ang theo hc o i hc, hoc tt nghip
i hc ti Vit Nam.
Trong trng hp du hc t tc (khng c ngi bo lnh), ngi xin du hc cn phi c giy chng
nhn v mt ti khon ngn hng vi s tin t nht l 8.000,-Euro. m mt ti khon ngn hng
c trong khi bn cn Vit Nam, bn hy vo y c nh:
M ti khon du hc c
Lu : Ngi ng bo lnh ti c nn kim tra k hon cnh c nhn trc khi lm n xin bo lnh
ngi t Vit Nam sang du hc. Khng nn np n xin ng tn bo lnh m tha bit c nhn khng
hi cc iu kin LSQ hoc s ngoi kiu yu cu. mt ln b t chi th vic xin Visa ln th hai
cng kh hn cho ngi lm n xin du hc.
Ngi xin Visa du hc ti Vit Nam nn xem k cc n t m lnh s qun yu cu, khng nn
thiu hay np tha nhng g lnh s qun khng yu cu.
Trong trng hp du hc t tc, ngi xin du hc nn trc tip lin lc vi i hc m mnh mun hc.
Lnh s qun thng yu cu cc giy chng nhn v kt qu xin nhp hc (Studienplatz) mt i
hc ti c.
Lp qu ti, a s sinh vin c phi ngi t nghe ging
L mt quc gia c h thng gio dc i hc hng u th gii, nhng cc trng i hc
c ang phi i ph vi tnh trng thiu lp hc v ging vin do s lng sinh vin tng
t bin trong nhng nm va qua
Mt bui thuyt ging v Di c v Gio dc ca gio s Merle Hummrich ti trng i hc Johann
Wolfgang Goethe, Frankfurt (c), d kin dnh cho 50 sinh vin tham d. Tuy nhin, thc t hn 400
sinh vin tham d bui thuyt ging ny v tt nhin phn ln sinh vin phi ngi xung sn v
khng gh ngi.
y ch l mt v d in hnh cho tnh trng qu ti ti cc trng i hc c. Theo c quan thng
k ca c, khong 200.000 sinh vin mi gia nhp h thng gio dc i hc ca nc ny trong 3
nm va qua, tng 10%. D kin, s sinh vin s tng thm 300.000 ngi vo nm 2020.
S lng sinh vin gia tng t bit trong 3 nm va qua c cho l do nhng chnh sch ci cch
gio dc m th tng c Angela Merkel a ra vo nm 2008. Nhng chnh sch ny bao gm:
khuyn khch gio dc i hc, xa b ngha v qun s bt buc, rt ngn 1 nm hc bc ph
thng.
Tuy nhin, nhng chnh sch ci cch ca th tng Angela Merkel khng i i vi u t ti chnh
m rng c s vt cht v i ng ging vin ti cc trng i hc. iu ny khin cc trng
i hc c lm vo tnh trng qu ti.
Tin s Matthias Jaroch, pht ngn vin ca Hip hi ging vin v gio s ca c, cho bit: Chng
ti ang phi lm vic vi t l 60 sinh vin/gio s. H thng gio dc nh th ny hon ton khng
th chp nhn c.
i ph vi tnh trng qu ng sinh vin, mt s trng i hc c gng thu thm ging vin
v m rng cc ging ng, nhng y ch l gii php tm thi. V lu di, chnh ph c cn u t
ti chnh nng cp h thng i hc nhm p ng nhu s lng sinh vin ngy cng tng trong
nhng nm ti.

Trng Nh Vs Trng Ln
Nhng thng tin di y l c tng hp t kin ca nhiu bn ch khng phi ca 1 c nhn no.
Xin cm n nhng bn ng gp kin ca mnh vo vn ny. V l do ring t, mnh khng a

tn ca cc bn ny vo bi vit. Nhng nu nhng bn tham gia no m mun tn th c th

ni mnh. Mnh s a tn vo theo yu cu.
Bi vit c tng hp da trn ch yu cc kha cnh tip xc vi gio s, nh , hay vic lm. Nu
cc bn c kin v 1 kha cnh mi no , xin c b sung.
Ngoi ra bi vit ny KHNG nhm a ra li khuyn v chn hc 1 trng hay 1 thnh ph c th
no. Bi cng KHNG nhm phn bit Uni v FH. Quy m 1 trng th no l ln, th no l nh l ty
thuc nh gi, kinh nghim tm hiu ca tng c nhn.
Chn trng nh hay trng ln?
Li th ca trng ln:
- Oai hn, nhiu ngi bit hn, ng ngi hn ( ng c ngi Vit ).
- Gio s danh ting hn ( chng hn ng gio s trng nh th ch tng ng vi ng thy ca
trng ln
- Gio s trng ln c mi quan h rng khp, nhiu khi d dng kim hoc gii thiu ch thc tp
cho SV ca ng.
- Gio s trnh cao, c ni l kh gp, nhng thc ra ch cn t termin trc vs cc Professoren qua
E-mail l c
- Ngoi ra i ng Tutorium nhit tnh th chng bao gi thiu.
- Ti liu nhiu, c s vt cht ok
- Trng ln ng sinh vin, th thng l hi SV s hot ng rt mnh, SV s c li nhiu th.
Kh khn ca trng ln:
- Kh tm nh
- i hi ca gio s cng nh yu cu ca mn hc, kim tra c th cao hn, kh v phc tp hn.
VD: 3 k u ko qua 2 mn c bn th Ablehnung, ti a 128 tun m ko xong cng Ablehnung.
- Ngi ging ng ln, hi kh tip xc vi gio s.
- Khi kim tra thng th assistant ca gio s ra . Rt c th h thch g th hi (mc d da
trn ni dung chng trnh hc nhng nhiu khi vn trt r).
(2 iu ny l do 1 gio vin STK ni).
Li th ca trng nh:
- Tm nh rt d, v t sv m.
- C nhiu c hi vic lm trong Studentnwerk v gio s hn.
- Nu mun hn gp gio s cng d v ko phi i lu.
Kh khn ca trng nh:
- Khng ni ting bng trng ln
- Thng ta lc cc thnh ph nh, cuc sng d nhin khng no nhit.
- t vic lm trong thnh ph hn (v lm g c nhiu Mc Donald hay Burger King). (iu ny cng do 1
gio vin ni)
- trong khi thnh ph ko c trng ln th SV l thiu s, ai hi u m quan tm.
Mt s kinh nghim c nhn ca 1 s bn:
- Trng c ca mnh cng c ting, khoa mnh hc th cng c ting nt, c iu gio s ch quan tm
cc bn c, ri mi xt n cc bn Chu u, cn mnh Chu th cc thy t quan tm. Cn by gi
sang trng nh, gio s quan tm ht, a no cng dt m chu kh hi bi th u nhit tnh, thm
ch cn hng dn lm Plan cho c qu trnh hc, phn tch khi no lm ci no. . [] Mnh th cng n
may khi v cc trng ny, khng ng gio s v Betreuer nhit tnh th
- nu khng c l do g c bit th c n nhng trng c uy tn! cn vic tip xc vi prof th,
may hn khn, cn ty. mnh c vi ln hi bi prof nhng cc bc qu ... khng ph hp vi mnh.
trnh ca bachelor l con tp, cc bc cn phi lo lm forschung, d rt nhit tnh, nhng khng
hi u i c li bao nhiu sch v ging k li cho ai mt vn g c. i hc uni khng trng cy
vo prof, solo vi sch, th vin v internet, hi bi bn kha trc v.v. t chm sc bn thn l chnh.
nu c iu kin th i ch no ni ting anh m hc!
- Trng nh bao gi cng quan tm n sv hn, n gin bi v h c thi gian. Trng ln th thng
ln xn hn mt t. D nhin l cn ty vo nhiu im, nhng m nu 2 trng ngang nhau th mnh s
chn trng nh hn. Nh th cng d tip xc vi bn hc hn.

Mt s li khuyn v kin khc:

- Nu bn hc Bachelor th nn vo trng ln m hc. Cn hc Master th ty theo lnh vc m bn
mun nghin cu su m chn trng. Nhiu khi nghe tn ngnh ging nhau nhng 2 trng khc
nhau h s c cc Vertiefung khc nhau cho mnh la chn.
- Quy m trng ln nh th lin quan g n sinh vin "c chm sc tt" hay ko ) c hi tip xc vi
gio ph thuc vo t l thy-tr ch ko ph thuc s lng tr, ngoi ra trng ni ting th nhiu gio
ni ting, gio ni ting t bn bu trm b, cn trng km cht th gio rnh rang sut ngy, ko nhit
tnh vi sv mi l. D nhin vn c trng nh nhng ni ting do nhiu gio cht lng, nhng mt khi
gio cht lng th chc chn gio cng ko c nhiu thi gian chi vi SV u nn d trng nh th
cng th thi.
- Quan trong hon voi nguoi Duc noi chung va cac Cty Duc noi rieng la ban la nguoi the nao, trinh do
cua ban ra sao va ban co phu hop voi vi tri Cty can hay ko!!
- Trng ln hay nh cng c u v nhc im ring. Nhng ci chnh l ph thuc vo khoa m
mnh s hc. Chc n th nh hc u, ngnh g th tm hiu chnh xc lun v ch y.
- Cc bn khng nn ch qu ch trng vo vic la trng m cn nn la c thnh ph, ni cc bn
mun sng. Thng th cc tiu chun dng la l gi c, v tr thnh ph ( thuc vng no? C lnh
qu hay khng? C nhiu ngi Vit khng,), no nhit hay yn tnh. Ngoi ra th cn vn giao
thng cng cng (d vic i li c kh thun tin, nhng vn c s chnh lch v giao thng gia
cc thnh ph c cng nh gia cc vng trong 1 thnh ph),
- Khi ni n iu trn, cc bn khng nn nhm ln gia vic trng nh trng ln vi tp nh tp ln.
C nhng trng rt ln v ni ting nm cc tp nh. VD: uni Heidelberg, uni Tbingen,
Hin tng chung ca cc nc pht trin : bnh v sc p t cng vic, gia nh; bnh au u (ci
ny bn c rt nhiu ng b), thn kinh ko cha c v v s cc loi khc v s pht trin cng ngh
thng tin, cc loi Games und und und .... ngy xa lm g c lm nguyn nhn gy ra bnh t u
anh c sn bn vi kim ci trng rau l khe, ch c bnh loi ny
Mt trong nhng iu tuyt vi nht m du hc sinh c c chnh l nhng c hi c sng chung
vi ngi bn x. Di y l 5 l do bn nn sng cng ngi dn bn x trong thi gian du hc
nc ngoi
Bn cng c th cng cc thnh vin quy qun trong ba n gia nh vi khng kh m m thng
yu nh nhng ngy cn sinh sng v hc tp trong nc.Bn c th vui v chuyn tr v c nghe
cc thnh vin chia s nhng kinh nghim qu bu ca cuc sng.
Bn khng th c nhng pht giy khi sng nh tr hay k tc x sinh vin.
Ha nhp vi cuc sng mi khi du hc cng gia nh ngi bn a
1. Tng kh nng ngoi ng
Nu bn ang sinh sng v hc tp ti nc ngoi th sng cng ngi dn bn x l cch hiu qu
nht gip bn pht trin k nng nghe ni ngoi ng ca mnh. Bn c c hi sng trong mt mi
trng m ngoi ng c s dng mt cch t nhin nht, ni m cc thnh vin lun sn sng gip
bn sa cch pht m cng nh cch s dng ngn t v ng iu.
2. Tm hiu vn ha v phong tc tp qun
Sng cng gia nh ngi bn x cng c th gip bn tm hiu, tip cn v ha mnh vo mi trng
vn ha mi mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu nht. Bn c mt trong nhng dp sum hp gia nh
vo ngycui tun, c hc cch chun b nhng mn n truyn thng hay cng h mng n nhng
l hi vn ha trong nm.
3. c chia s kinh nghim cuc sng
Tht ng tic nu bn c dp n sinh sng v hc tp ti mt min t mi m khng bit mnh nn
i u hay lm g vo thi gian rnh ri. Bn c th c trong tay tm bn thnh ph nhng liu bn
c th tm thy nhng qun bar vi hng v caf m kh qun nht hay nhng tim n m
mt ln n l mt ln nh mi? Bn bi ri khi khng bit phi mc c nh th no hay lm sao
mua hng vi gi hp l nht khi i shopping min t mi. Bn s nhn c nhng li khuyn hu
ch t nhng ngi dn bn x giu kinh nghim.
4. Nh mt thnh vin ca gia nh
Trong thi gian u khi phi xa gia nh, bn b v nhng g thn thuc nht, bn kh c th trnh
c cm gic c n v ni nh nh da dit. Nu bn c c hi sng cng ngi dn bn x, bn s

c cm gic c l mt thnh vin trong gia nh cng vi nhng tnh cm m m thng yu nht.
H lun dnh cho bn s quan tm v chia s nh mt ngi thn thit, lun sn sng gip bn
trong kh khn v ha chung nim vui vi bn.
5. C hi kt bn vi nhng sinh vin quc t
Cn g tuyt vi hn khi bn c dp gp g, lm quen v kt bn vi nhng sinh vin cng sng v hc
tp trong thnh ph. Bn c th cng h t t chc nhng ba tic, hay nhng bui picnic vo ngy
cui tun v cng nhau tn gu s chia nhng kinh nghim qu bu khi hc tp v sng xa gia nh.
Gia nh ngi bn x s gip bn c c hi gp g vi bn b v hng xm ca h.
Khi mt ci g sp i n hi kt th ngi ta hay c xu hng nhn li xem n c bt u nh th
no.
Con ng mnh n nc c khng ch bt u t ci ngy 26.3.2006 u m t trc y lu ri c,
t mt ci ngy thng 4 no nm 2004, khi mnh ang lm h s thi i hc. Ni ra chc nhiu
ngi chng tin nhng tht s hi vn duy nht mnh quan tm l ng k vo S phm Vn hay
Tng hp Vn, cn i hc i hc c , khng quan tm! i c c c hc Vn hc Vit
Nam u! Hc xong v c c lm c gio dy Vn u! Lc "c m v i" ca mnh ca mnh l
ch sau 4 nm "di mi kinh s" na thi mnh s c th ng trn bc ging v hng hn ging Vn
cho nhng "th h n em" ri. C mi ln hnh dung n cnh c gio Ngc tng lai s bc vo lp
nh th no l mnh li cm thy trn tr ng lc ngi "nhai, nhai, nhai cho k" my quyn
cng n thi tt nghip chn ngt. Nhng m vi b m mnh th ci "c m v i" chng th v
cht no ht! Sau mt thi gian lm "cng tc t tng" c bng cch kn o v l liu m vn thy
ch ca mnh chng c v g l b lay chuyn c, m mnh quyt nh ra tay bng bin php mnh. Th
l... th nghe m ng bn cnh ra lnh:
- i ln nh ni chuyn vi b m xem d nh thi i hc th no no!
Th i thi. Trong u mnh c mt ci hnh dung rt lng mn l n lc ngi chin s chin
u v l tng ca mnh y! Khi mnh u c ng l 90 pht sp ti vi mnh s l mt bi ging
khng c gii lao, n vi pht tuyn th trc khi cht cn ch c ch ni g n m hng vi bin v
l tng!
Khi c nh (tr thng em mnh v Mo) yn v u y ri, m mnh m u lun bng cch quay
sang b:
- B ny, con Ngc bo n khng thch i c, n ch thch hc i hc trong nc c hc Vn
hc Vit Nam thi, b thy th no?
Ni th l ngh ca b mnh m, th nn ni dung ca bi din thuyt ra sao th mnh khng cn k
ra y na. Ni chung tm li l sau 90 pht quy kt tt c cc "thn tng vn hc" ca mnh l
"ch ngi y ging" th b cng th cho mnh v li... ci ging ca mnh! m sau khi ngi suy
ngm li v tt c mi chuyn th mnh vn khng th no ng tnh vi cc quan im ca b c,
nhng trong mnh h l mt tng: C l c mt bu tri no ngoi kia rng hn tht. V ci
ngh mnh khng ch ngi tng tng u m c th tht s t chn n mt vng t nh th
nhn ngm mi th bng con mt tht ca mnh, n khin mnh kh l phn khch!
Nhng ngy sau t nhin mnh nhn mi vic xung quanh bng con mt nghi ng. Mnh t cu hi:
Mi ngi ang lm nh th c ng khng? y c tht s l cch tt nht cha? Khng bit t u
trong mnh xut hin mt nim tin rng: Mnh khng cn phi chp nhn nhng ci ang lm mnh
khng hi lng cuc sng xung quanh, mnh c th i bit nhng ni khc ngi ta sng nh th
no!
By gi nh li nhng gi luyn phng vn xin Visa vo i s qun c mi thy trong tt c
nhng l do mnh ngh ra v luyn i luyn li chng c no ng ci Motiv tht s ban u
ca mnh c! Tt nhin l mnh bit gio dc c tt m li min hc ph, tt nhin l mnh bit b
m mnh c nhiu bn b c c th gip mnh, nhng tht lng m ni th, mnh chp nhn
hc mt ngoi ng mi m mnh phi bt u t u, mnh chp nhn s i hc lu hn tt c bn b
mnh (7 nm) v chp nhn t b "c m v i" l tr thnh c gio dy Vn na, ch bi v n gin
l mnh mun I m thi!
n khi thi tt nghip th t s t m bin thnh mt c m gii thot. Ci ngy mnh i theo my
a bn thn nht xem chng n copy phao v vo Vn Miu khn Chu Vn An vi mt ba l y phao
cc loi trn lng l ci ngy mnh th l mnh s khng bao gi hc i hc Vit Nam c! Mnh c
th hc c g na trong ci h thng ny y?! Tng hp Vn hay S phm Vn , ng l nhng
ngi trng y o to ra nhng thy c Vn m mnh rt yu thch nhng l chuyn ca 30
nm trc y ri!
Nu bn l mt ngi lnh o th hy c bit cnh gic vi nhng nhn vin tn ty. V mt khi nim
tin ca h thay i, h c th ph ni lp sng ch chng a u. Sau khi thi i hc vo Khoa

ting c trng i hc Ngoi ng H Ni (b h s thi i hc duy nht ca mnh!) mnh lao u

vo hc ting c vi mt cng m mnh ngh l trong sut cuc i ny chc mnh s khng bao
gi c th lm li c nh th mt ln na u. K ra khng phi t khen mnh, ch l nh li
mt qung thi gian mi mt ng t Thnh Cng vo Thanh Xun hc ting c 4 ting mt
ngy, 5 ngy trong tun, bt u bng 2 tun hc pht m. Ht ma h khi cc tn sinh vin rc rch
chun b nhp hc th mnh hc xong A1 v c th tr chuyn c my cu n gin (, hc ting
c lu hn ting Anh m.) Sau khi trng i hc chnh thc bt u th nhng bn hc cng mnh c
ngi hc sng, c ngi hc chiu, mi ngi quyt nh lp mt lp ting c bui ti ngay ti nh
mnh tt c tip tc c hc cng nhau. Th l trong vng 6 thng t thng 10 nm 2005 n
thng 2 nm 2006 Status mnh t "sinh vin ting c bn thi gian" c chuyn sang "sinh vin
ting c ton thi gian" vi mt ngy c trng nh th ny:
Sng: n sng xong ngi t hc ting c nh, bao gm lm cc bi tp v nh, hc t mi bng
cch vit mi t 2 dng, va vit va nhm, hc cc quy tc ng php v nhng cu trc hay bng
cch t cu...
Chiu: n tra xong vo trng Ngoi ng hc ting c lp chnh kha, hot ng chnh bao gm
c, chp, lm bi tp trong sch, ni theo c, n li nhng th bit v gip cc bn xung quanh
Ti: n ti xong ln hc ting c nh. Lp gii tn th mnh cng dn dp i ng sng hm sau
dy... li hc ting c tip!
Ni chung 6 thng l mt qung thi gian c bit trong cuc i mnh.
Cn t khi sang c th sao? Nu ni rng mnh lun lun l mt sinh vin chm ch, lc no cng yu
thch say m vic hc hnh th khng ng. Nhng s tht l: Mnh lun lun hc vi cm gic bit n.
Bn tin hay khng th ty, nhng mnh bit n tt c nhng ti liu mnh phi c, tt c nhng gi
mnh phi ln lp, tt c nhng bi thuyt trnh mnh phi ni v tt c nhng bi lun mnh phi vit.
Mnh c bit bit n kha lun tt nghip v nhng k thi vit mnh c lm, bit n c k thi
ming sp n. Mnh bit n tt c v chp nhn tt c ch bi mt iu rt n gin l: y mnh
c HC theo ng ngha nht ca t y!
Nhng ngi bn thn nht ca mnh u tt nghip i hc Vit Nam. Mnh vit bi ny hon ton
khng phi ph nhn h hay ku gi bt k ai cng i du hc ging mnh, v ci g cng c ci
gi ca n (khng ch v tin). V th, hy suy ngh k v i con ng bn chn. l cch duy nht
sau ny khng phi cm thy hi tic. Cng nh mnh lun cho rng quyt nh i c ngy l
mt trong nhng quyt nh sng sut nht trong cuc i mnh t trc ti gi. V mnh mun k v
n trong ti nay, trc ngy thi, v mnh ngh l nhng l do tht s cho quyt nh c l s khng
bao gi xut hin trong mt bi PR hay mt bng hi iu tra dn s no ht.
Xin cho cc bn, ti l mt sinh vin Vit Nam ang tham gia hc ti Studienkolleg Hamburg, Hc K
2, T-Kurs (dnh cho cc ngnh k thut). Ti mun chia s mt s kinh nghim ca mnh v nc
c,v Studienkolleg Hamburg.
iu kin hc tp l tng l iu m ti thch nht.
Ti sao ti li chn nc c l ni hc tp v nghin cu?
C nhiu l do khin cho ti chn nc c l ni nng cao trnh cng nh vn kin thc ca
mnh. Ngnh hc ca ti thuc v khi k thut v ti yu thch Chu u t nh. Nc c nm trung
tm ca Chu u v l mt nc ng u v khoa hc k thut, c bit trong lnh vc c kh chnh
xc, quang hc v ch to my, khoa hc t nhin. Do nc c l ni l tng ti thc hin c
m ca mnh. Cht lng gio dc c cng c nh gi rt cao trn th gii v h thng, cch
thc o to gio dc i hc ca c hin ang dn hon ton c chuyn sang h thng quc t
c cng nhn ti cc trng i hc chu u v trn th gii (theo hip c Bologna). Bn cnh
hc ph l min ph hoc rt thp so vi hc ph cc nc khc nh Anh, M,(ty thuc vo bang
v trng i hc nhng ch khong 500Euro/ hc k).
V kha cnh ngoi vic hc, v d nh du lch trong qu trnh hc tap c: vi visum ca c bn c
th i du lch vng quanh hn 20 nc Chu u trong khi Schengen m khng cn thm bt c giy
t no khc. V nc c li nm trung tm Chu u khin cho vic cng tr nn d dng hn.
Bn cnh , mt l do khin cho ti cng nh nhiu sinh vin Vit Nam khc n nc c du hc l
nh hng ca gia nh, ngi thn hoc ngi quen (phn ln sinh vin Vit Nam c c ngi thn
quen c, cng l 1 im ta lc kh khn hoc cn gip ).
V ti sao li l Hamburg, c th l Studienkolleg Hamburg?
Hamburg l thnh ph th 2 c sau th d Berlin, l hi cng ln th 2 Chu u sau Rotterdam H
Lan. Khng nhng l trung tm kinh t ca pha Bc nc c, Hamburg cn l trung tm truyn thng
xut bn ca nc c. Bn cnh Hamburg cn l 1 u mi giao thng quan trng ca nc c
v c Chu u. T Hamburg bn c th i tu in n cc thnh ph trong hoc ngoi nc c

nh Mnchen, Berlin, London, Zrich,...hoc tu thy ln cc nc Bc u. Vic i li cho mc ch hc

tp, du lch v cng tc trong hoc ngoi Hamburg u rt thun li. Vo ma h, Hamburg l 1 trong
nhng thnh ph p nht nc c cng nh Chu u vi khng kh si ng, no nhit ca cc l
hi v s kin quc t.
V vn hc tp, Studienkolleg Hamburg c nh gi (khng chnh thc theo kinh nghim ca sinh
vin) l Kolleg s 2 c sau Studienkolleg Mnchen. Vi tm bng tt nghip tt Studien-kolleg
Hamburg bn c kh nng nhn c ch hc hu nh tt c cc i hc c, k c cc i hc
danh ting nh i hc Heidelberg (thm ch ngnh Y Dc).V hu ht ngi dn Hamburg v cc
vng ln cn u ni Hochdeutsch (ting c chun) nn bn s t gp kh khn khi giao tip cng
nh kin thc ting c c hc Vit Nam nh cc vng khc v ting a phng (Dialekt) nh
pha Nam nc c. C th ni Studienkolleg Hamburg l bc chuyn tip v chun b rt tt cho
sinh vin nc ngoi trc khi bc vo ngng ca ca mt trng i Hc c.
i hc Hamburg cng c nhiu la chn dnh cho bn vi Uni Hamburg, TU Harburg ,...
Fachhochschule th c HAW,...Bn cnh Hamburg cn l qu hng hoc ni t tr s ca nhiu
Cng Ty, Tp on ni ting th gii nh Nivea (hn rt quen thuc vi cc bn n), Airbus,... nn c
hi cho cc bn c mt n_i lm Vorpraktikum, Praktikum,... tch ly kinh nghim cng nh nng
cao trnh ting c l rt cao.
Ti sao vic hc Studienkolleg li l bc chun b rt tt cho sinh vin nc ngoi?
Studienkolleg bn s c hc trong tng nhm nh khong 20 ngi trong phng hc ring. Chnh
v th quan h gia Gio vin vi hc sinh cng nh hc sinh vi hc sinh l rt tt v gn gi ch
khng nh trng i hc vi ging ng ln v hng trm sinh vin. Nh bn c c hi ni
nhiu hn, trnh by kin nhiu hn, luyn tp ting c thng xuyn hn. Hn na bn s c
giao lu vi sinh vin n t khp ni trn th gii vi cc nn vn ho a dng, m rng tm hiu bit
ca mnh.
Bn s hc nhng g ti Studienkolleg ? Bn s c n li kin thc c hc Vit Nam v hc thm
nhng kin thc mi bng ting c. Theo kinh nghim ca bn thn ti, ngnh k thut trong cc mn
Ton, L, Ho hu ht l cc kin thc c hc Vit Nam ( c Ph Thng ln i Hc) nhng c
nhng khi nim cng nh k hiu, quy c khc so vi nhng g c hc Vit Nam nn c th s
gy ra bi ri v cht nhm ln. Nhng bn s hc cch ng dng thc tin ca nhng kin thc va
hc vo thc tin v thc hnh nhiu hn, c bit trong mn Ho v L: Lm thc hnh v vit bo
co, quan trng l phn nh gi kt qu v sai s. Thng qua vic thc hin th nghim bn c rn
luyn k nng lm vic theo nhm, nng cao tinh thn trch nhim,... Bn cnh bn s c rn
luyn k nng phn tch vn , trnh by li gii v cc t ng chuyn ngnh cng nh thuyt trnh
trc m ng, cc k nng giao tip.
Bn cnh cc mn khoa hc t nhin, trong mn ting c bn cng s c rn luyn cc k nng
nghe, ni, c, vit chun b vo i Hc cng nh giao tip trong cuc sng! Cch s dng ng
php trong tng trng hp c th cng nh cch la chn t ng ph hp i vi tng c nhn, tng
mc ch ring bit. Bn cng c th hc c qua bn b cch s dng ting lng hoc cch ni
chuyn i thng m ngi c, c bit ngn ng gii tr s dng.
Nhng kh khn v vn : ti chnh, an , hc tp, cuc sng khi c?
Nh cp trn, hc ph hc i hc c l min ph hoc rt t so vi cc nc khc. C th
hc Studienkolleg Hamburg sinh vin c min hc ph, mi hc k ch phi ng tin mua v tu i
li (c gi tr trong ton Hamburg) khong 250 Euro cho 6 thng (1 hc k) (mc gi ny l rt r so vi
mc gi ngi bnh thng phi mua). Ngoi ra sinh vin cng c rt nhiu u i trong cc lnh vc
khc. Cc thy c gio Studienkolleg rt tn tnh gip sinh vin nu h gp kh khn trong tt c
mi lnh vc.
Hamburg l 1 trong nhng th phn hoa bc nht nn vic chi ph sinh hot, tin thu nh, tin n
t hn cc thnh ph nh hoc cc vng khc l iu khng th trnh khi. Nhng Hamburg cng l
ni m sinh vin c th kim c vic lm thm d dng hn cc ni khc, bn cnh gi hc hoc
trong cc k ngh trong qu trnh hc kim thm thu nhp, trang tri ph tn, ph gip gia nh.
Vn n ung: Hamburg cng c nhiu siu th, ca hng thc phm Chu v Vit Nam nn bn c
th yn tm, khng nn lo lng s phi quanh nm n thc n Ty m vn c th thng thc c
hng v qu nh.
Bn s phi mt mnh hc tp trn t nc c ? Bn yn tm, s lng sinh vin Vit Nam c,
Hamburg kh ng, bn s nhanh chng lm quen vi nhiu ngi bn mi cng nh bn b l ngi
nc ngoi, cng nhau hc tp, vui chi, tham gia cc hot ng ngoi kho ( Studienkolleg thng
xuyn c cc hot ng ngoi kho th v). Cng c th cng nhau nu n gia Vit Nam vi nhau
hoc thng thc cc c sn ca cc quc gia trn th gii. Bn thch tham gia cc bui tic si ng,
no nhit ? K Tc X dnh cho sinh vin hu nh hng tun u c t chc Bar hoac Party, ni
bn c th lm quen c nhiu sinh vin c nng cao kh nng giao tip ca mnh. Bn cng c
th cng bn b, bn cng Kolleg t chc Party ca ring mnh v hng nm Studienkolleg Hamburg

u t chc Kollegfest, nhn dp ny hng trm sinh vin tng hc Kolleg s tham gia, ha hn
nhiu bt ng th v.
Ti nghi mnh nn dng y, nu tip tc s khin cho cc bn cng khng c hng th c Trn
y l mt s t kinh nghim ca bn thn ti khi hc tp ti c. Ti hi vng n s gip cc bn c
c mt ci nhn thong qua v nc c, v Hamburg, v Studienkolleg Hamburg ni ring v vic
hc tp c ni chung. Nhng bt ng, tri nghim th v khc xin cho cc bn t khm ph. Hi
vng s c ngy gp bn ti nc c !
Du hc c ngha l mi bui sng thc dy t hi mnh ang u v sp lm g. Nhn ra ca s thy
sng lnh but v bit mnh c mt ngy di chin u. Nghe ting mnh nh nh trong lng, rng
ln no, sng v tng lai.
Du hc c ngha l eo ba l trn lng v sch nng cm trn tay, bc vo cng trng v nh ngy
xa mnh i hc cn v nim vui c gp bn b mi ngy. By gi mnh i hc, cng v nim vui y
th tng lai.
Du hc c ngha l mt ngy bt khc trong lng, khi ln u tin mnh give up mt bui debate. Ngi
trn xe bus, nh cm gic run ln v s trng rng trong u, xu h v bun. y u phi l mnh?
Du hc c ngha l trng. Gi lnh thi tan nng mng manh khin da vng cng thnh trng xanh,
trng mut. V gi thi bay c nhng gn hng ngt ngo ca mt t nc xa xi, thi kh nc mt
v lnh tri tim.
Du hc c ngha l mt bui tra lang thang trn sn trng, ngi ni chuyn vi bn hay co mnh
trong th vin. Tt c u khng mang cm gic . Ch bit mnh ang sng tm, sng cho, sng
sau ny s c sng .
Du hc c ngha l cm trng ngon hn hamburger, pizza khng bng bnh m, v pasta hay m
cng khng snh c vi bt bn g bt ph b gin n. i nh hng nhn mt menu di dng dc
nhng li ch thy thm nhng mn n m nu...
Du hc c ngha l nhn theo ci vy tay xa xm ca b sau lp king ngn cch, l n ci v li chc
ca bn tin a, l nc mt ca mnh sau lp chn bng dy, l cu ha nm sau gp li bt ra trn
nhng i mi run, l thi gian rt di...
Du hc c ngha l tc ti khi mun vit cu vn hay m t vng li nm u qu xa trong cun t
in dy cm, l bc bi khi bi kim tra ton ch c 9.5/10, l mt mi khi quyn sch lch s qu
dy m mt v thc khuya, l ngu ng tp pht m thm mt th ngn ng khc na ngoi ting
anh v ting vit, l vng v nht li dao lam ln hon thnh mt project cho lp art, l mi toanh
mt ngi trng v nhng lut l.
Du hc c ngha l ln ln. Cm dao xt hnh v m a chin bnh tm, nn bt lm bnh bao v h
co, nu sa u nnh v chm chm ch c hi nng bnh cookie v gato. Ly giy t v i co
v mt quyn li, nm tng lai trong tay v t ng khun c chnh mnh, rt vo mt mt khc
ca tri t, nhn thy nhng iu mnh hiu lu nay khng n gin nh mnh hiu, s hi trc cuc
i nhng nn nng mun bc vo ng u vi n.
Du hc c ngha l lo lng khi mt ngi ng ca blog. Thy bn mnh xa v mnh th bt lc, sao bn
ng li cnh ca duy nht ni mnh vi bn? V yn tm khi cnh ca li h m, th pho, uh bn
khng sao, mm ci, li c c v bn na ri, nhy mt, bn mnh u c xa.
Du hc l cm gic ht hng mi khi c chuyn g rt vui, mun go tht a vui nhng ri cht nhn
ra quanh mnh hnh nh khng ai chc c....
Du hc l phi vng vng... mun khc cng khng c khc v mnh phi mnh m.
Du hc l kh th khi phi nhn ci p lc, expectations t mi ng v mang ting i xa hc m li ko
lm c ci g th tht l xu h.
Du hc l kh chu khi b gi "... kiu"... c th ch l tru a c th l xoy... nhng cho d l g
i na th thc lng, ch thch b gi th cht no, v khi du hc l khi cm thy mnh t ho v nc
mnh nht, t ho c l cng dn Vit Nam nht... v ch mun c gi nh bnh thng... l Vnese
m thi.
Du hc l bun mi khi b ni l ty ha, ua i bt chc theo ngi ta trong khi thc cht u phi
vy, m c ty ha th chng cn phi du hc, nh cng ty c.
Du hc l khng c cm thng khi chng may ni chuyn c b xen vi ting ngoi ng vo, b ni l
qun ting m khi m thc cht u c mun th. C nm tri thm kht c ni ting Vit m kh
lm sao, thay vo phi dng, phi luyn ci th ting nc ngoi hc th tt nhin s b thnh
thi quen v cn thi gian chnh khi v thm nh ch?
Du hc l s c gng tng ngy, m tng ngy c v thm nh...
Du hc l n o mi khi mun v m li xt v chi ph kh cao... nu c gng chu th c th tit kim
c vo tin hc nhng li rt nh nh v mun c bn mi ngi ....
Du hc... ln nht l phi hi sinh tnh cm, tnh yu ngha rng ch ko ch yu ng... v lun phi t

hng ti tng lai, lun t bo mnh phi c ri tng lai s c n p m c gng hn....
Du hc l phi nn nhn mi khi rt bun, mun gi ngay cho ngi thn tm s nhng phi nn li
v ko mun ai phi lo lng cho mnh, v ph gi v th cng ch r g.
Du hc c ngha l s ch c nhn b m qua khung webcam m nh xu trn mn nh vi tnh v
nghe m ci hin, mp my con ng lo trong in thoi. Nhng sau lng, b m ang phi vt ln
vi nhng ni nng trch ca cuc i, cn trc mt mnh li l tng lai thnh thang m rng. M
m ln git nc mt, v tnh yu bao la c ngha l hy sinh vi n ci trn mi..
Du hc v c 1 tnh yu oversea c ngha l s c nhng lc thp thm, nhng m khng yn v
nhng ngy hnh phc nht. Khong cch thi nhng cn gi but vo tim v dn k t th ca tnh
yu n g ca. Nghi ng. Nn c nhng khonh khc s phi t mm ci trn an mnh, v hi nh
cu thn ch k diu: "C tin anh khng no?", tri tim p chm li xin li, c ch, s khng ngh
nhiu na.
Du hc c ngha l t ho. T ho thy mnh thay i, t ho thy mnh ang ln, t ho v mnh c
yu thng.
Du hc c ngha l t ha nhiu lm. T ha vi mnh, vi ngi ta, vi gia nh, vi bn b. T ha
khng c lng ph nhng g hy sinh. T ha v t rng hon thnh li ha.
Du hc sng? C ai hiu chng ni lng ca nhng ngi xa qu HC...
Du hc c ngha l i XA hc. L i hc xa. L i hc rt xa. L i hc rt rt xa..
V, du hc l nhiu khi mun bung tay v tt c nhng cm gic trn nhng vn phi nm cht v tip
tc bc...
theo lut mi thi sau khi ra trng bn c 1.5 nm i xin vic, gia hn visa lc ny cn c chng
minh ti chnh (600/thang ) bn tin sng trong thi gian tm vic. Nu sau khong thi gian
m bn khng kim c vic th phi v nc. Cn nu trong khong thi gian m bn kim c
vic , c hp ng di hn ( long term contract, mnh khng bit ting c la g) th visa ca bn s
c gia hn theo hp ng. Nu lng c 35,000/nm (mnh khng nh la gross hay nett), bn
c cp th xanh (visa trong 5 nm). Hnh nh c cp th xanh khong 2-3 ln thi. Khc ny mnh
khng r lm, bn xem th mc Lut trong web ny i
An der FH studieren Praktiker, Uni-Studenten pauken die Theorie
...FH l H chuyn ngnh, hay H khoa hc ng dng cn Uni l i tng hp!
...Khc vs trc kja Uni-Diplom hc 5 nm v Uni-FH 4 nm th bh c Uni v FH u o to h
Bachelor 3.5 nm!
...Cn v s khc nhau th c vi im nh sau:
1, a s sinh vin VN hay chn FH v c thc hnh v d tt nghip hn so vi Uni v hc Uni lng
kin thc rt nhiu. FH hc 2 mn chia 2 k nhng 2 mn y gp li c th ch l 1 mn Uni
2, Hc FH bn phi thng xuyn np Beleg hoc lm Vortrag ly iu kin thi, trong khi hc Uni
bn c th hc nh v cui k i thi.
3, Vn chnh l kh nng ca bn hc n u, nu hc lc gii thc s v ting c tt th cng
khng phi lo, hc ci j` cng c, cn k thj` hc FH.
4, Hc FH hay Uni cng nn ty vo ngnh hc. 1 bn c nghe my a bn ngi c ni th nu
hc k thut th hc FH d kim vic hn v cn kinh nghim thc t (tui n cn bo ngnh k thut
c thng khong 50% ra trng). Cn nhng ngnh nh kinh t, khoa hc t nhin, th Uni d xin
hn.
<C l nu kinh t ra trng hc FH lm nhn vin cn Uni th s phn tch, thm nh, u t
5, V cht lng bng cp l ngang nhau, FH ch khc Uni v cch dy, cch hc . Cn v kin thc, VD
d hiu l: 1 bn hc Informatik. C 1 mn bao gm lp trnh Java. FH bn s lm lm th no s
dng n ti u. Cn Uni s l ti sao n hot ng c, hay nghin cu ch to ci ms!
6, Hc k thut hay k c j` cng khong nht thit hc FH m quan trng l nh hng bn mun
nghin cu ch to hay lp t vn hnh s dng.
7, FH l trng i hc chuyn ngnh, hng dy nghing v thc t nhiu, ph hp vi nhng bn
mun i lm ngay sau khi hc v ko cn Master. Thc t ngay by h c cng c nhiu ng c u
tin FH hn, v chg trnh v nh hng dy ca Uni nng v nghin cu.
8, Cn v chuyn vic lm, v d trong 1 cng ty my tnh chng hn ch cn 1-2 ngi c bng cp
Uni,trong cn n khong 10 k sthc hnh.Vy bn hiu ti sao hc Uni ra li kh xin vic ri
ch!!!
Cc bn nn sang c cng sm cng tt bi cc l do sau:
- V quy nh v du hc c thay i lin tc, m cng ngy cng kh hn, khng bit ri mai sau s
cn thm bao nhiu quy inh v th tc na.
- Sang c sm th cng c hc ting c nhiu, nhiu khi hc VN, ting c mnh b sai m

khng bit, c bit l kh nng ni, pht m. Nu hc lu VN n s quen vi ci sai , sang c

sa li hi kh.
- Thc ra chi ph n hc c gi cng khng t so vi trc kia u. T 10 nm trc cho n gi
chi ph vn c khong trn di 500 1 thng. Nhng 10 nm trc VN ( v d H Ni ) ch khong
1 triu 1 thng, nhng m hin nay phi 3,4 triu mi sng. Hn na tin hc ph ting c H
Ni hin nay cng cao hn trc rt nhiu.
Tt nghip cao ng tng ng vi sinh vin va i hc em nh, vic hc d b l bt buc. Tr
khi em lin thng i hc chnh quy - tng ng sinh vin nm 3 i hc th s c vo thng
nm nht thi DSH. Khi ngnh ca em th ch khuyn l nn hc d b v mnh s bit nhiu t ting
c chuyn ngnh v c s lm quen vi mi trng hc tp bn c, ch nn hc thng i hc khi
nh theo hc bng ting Anh thi v kin thc chuyn ngnh rt vng.
1. Mt s thng tin chung
CHLB c l quc gia c ch lin bang, gio dc nm trong thm quyn ca mi bang. Vic t chc
ngnh gio dc c nhng khc bit gia cc bang, mi bang c b lut v h thng gio dc ring.
phi hp cc hot ng gio dc ca cc bang, v m bo s thng nht cn thit, Hi ngh cc b
trng vn ho gio dc (vit tt l KMK) v U ban Lin bang Bang c thnh lp (nm 1949 v
1970). c, theo quy nh ca hin php, ton b ngnh gio dc chu s qun l ca nh nc.
Quyn thnh lp cc trng t c m bo thng qua nhng quy nh c bit.
Ngha v bt buc n trng (gio dc ph cp) c quy nh trong hin php cc bang. C s phn
bit gia ngha v hc ph thng (ton thi gian) v ngha v hc ngh. Ngha v hc ph thng ko
di n khi kt thc nm th 9 n trng ( 4 bang cho n nm th 10). Khi nim nm n
trng khng c nhm vi khi nim bc lp (v d: vi mt hc sinh li lp hai ln, ngha v i
hc ton thi gian kt thc cui lp 7 hoc lp 8). Ngha v hc ngh l 3 nm, bt u sau khi kt
thc ngha v i hc ph thng nu khng hc tip trung hc c s hay trung hc ph thng ti mt
trng gio dc ph thng.
Ngnh gio dc ca mt bang c qun l trong mt b ring. Tn v phm vi chc nng ca mi b
c tng chnh ph bang quy nh, ph bin l B gio dc v vn ha. B gio dc v vn ho l
c quan chc trch cao nht ca mt bang i vi ngnh gio dc bang . B gio dc v vn ho
cng ban qun l nh trng chu trch nhim c vic lp k hoch ln cng tc t chc h thng nh
trng. Quyn hn v trch nhim cc bang c phn chia theo cch: b gio dc vn ho chu
trch nhim v nhn s i ng gio vin (GV) v ni dung cng vic cc trng, cn cc a phng
chu trch nhim i vi trang thit b, trng s v vt cht.
Sanssouci (Cung in ma h vua Ph - Di sn vn ha th gi)
Lu i Cecilienhof Di sn vn ha th gii (Ni k hip c Potsdam 1945)
Chng trnh gio dc ph thng do cc bang quyt nh. bnh din lin bang, hin nay ban hnh
chun gio dc cc mn hc. Cc bang xy dng v ban hnh chng trnh khung ring cho bang. Cc
trng da vo chng trnh khung cn t xy dng chng trnh dy hc ring ph hp vi c th
ca nh trng. iu ny i hi GV ph thng cn c nng lc pht trin chng trnh dy hc chi tit
ca mn hc. Sch gio khoa ph thng do cc nh xut bn t chc bin son da trn cc chng
trnh o to v sau khi c B gio dc thm nh v cho php th s c lu hnh trn th trng.
Cc trng v GV c th t chn sch gio khoa cho mi mn hc.
Trong lnh vc gio dc i hc, cc trng i hc c c tnh t ch tng i cao. Cc chng trnh
o to i hc do cc trng t xy dng. Vi s a vo h thng kim nh cht lng, gio dc i
hc ca c c kim nh v nh gi, bao gm cc hnh thc nh gi trong v nh gi ngoi.
Lng GV nc c thuc vo nhm cao hng u th gii. So snh quc t v lng GV ca cc
nc OECD nm 2006 cho thy, lng GV ca c ng hng th 3 khi mi ra trng (sau Luxemburrg
v Thy s), v ng hng th 4 sau 15 nm trong nhm OECD v cao hn mc lng trung bnh ca
cc nc OECD khong 30-40%. Trong cn lu rng gi sinh hot cc nc nh an mch, Anh,
Thy in, Php cao hn c t 10-20%, trong lng GV ca cc nc ny thp hn c t 1540%. V d lng ca GV THCS ca c khong 37.000 EURO/nm khi mi ra trng v khong 45.000
EURO/nm sau 15 nm (lng cha tr thu v bo him). Vic tng lng gio vin ch yu da vo
nm cng tc. c khng phn ngch chc danh gio vin ph thng nh mt s nc khc nh
Anh.
2. Cu trc ca h thng gio dc
CHLB c, ni chung t cui th k 19 cho n ngy nay tn ti mt h thng nh trng ph thng
phn ha thnh 3 nhnh c bn cp trung hc c s (khng k loi hnh trng c bit), l:
trngHauptschule, trng Realschule v trng Gymnasium vi ba loi bng tt nghip khc nhau. K

t nhng nm 1970, nhiu bang cn c thm cc loi hnh trng Gesamtschule, l trng tch hp
ca cc loi trng nu trn. Tnh lin thng gia cc loi hnh trng c m bo v c bn khi
tho mn cc iu kin c tha thun.
Cc trng o to ngh tn ti trong bc trung hc (Sekundarstufe II) bn cnh trng gymnasium
(gymnasiale Oberstufe). H thng gio dc ph thng ca c ko di 13 nm hc. Trong xu hng ci
cch hin nay, a s cc bang rt ngn cn 12 nm hc.
Trong thi k nc c chia ct sau chin tranh, h thng gio dc ca Cng ha dn ch c c
cu trc theo mt h thng thng nht. Trong Trng ph thng k thut tng hp 10 nm (POS)
dnh cho tt c hc sinh ph thng (khng k trng c bit, trng chuyn). Sau khi kt thc trng
hc ny, ch khong 10% hc sinh s hc tip ln Trng ph thng k thut tng hp nng cao
(EOS) ko di hai nm c th vo thng i hc sau khi tt nghip. a s hc sinh cn li s vo
hc trong h thng trng ngh (2 nm), mt b phn vo cc trng chuyn nghip, trng ngh c
bng trung hc ph thng (3 nm). Sau khi thng nht nc c nm 1990, cc Bang mi ci cch h
thng gio dc theo m hinh chung ca CHLB c.
Nh tr: Tr em t 3 tui n lc ti trng c th i nh tr c ngy hay mt phn ca ngy. Vic i
nh tr l t nguyn. mt s bang cn c nhng c s qu sang tiu hc nh cc lp v lng
(Vorklasse).
Trng tiu hc : Trng tiu hc gm 4 lp u tin, bang Berlin v Brandenburg trng tiu hc
c 6 lp. Tt c tr em i hc trng tiu hc. Ni chung gi hc bao gm cc mn Ting c, Ton,
Tm hiu t nhin, Ngh thut, m nhc v Th thao. Gi hc ngoi ng c thc hin tt c cc
bang bc tiu hc.
Bc nh hng : Cp nh hng bao gm hai bc lp 5 v 6, hoc l c xp vo cc trng cp
cao hn (cp nh hng ph thuc vo loi trng) hay tch khi chng (cp nh hng c lp vi
loi trng). N phc v vic h tr v nh hng cho hc sinh cho qu trnh hc tip.
Trng Hauptschule: l loi hnh trng bt buc cho tt c cc hc sinh sau tiu hc khng i hc
mt loi trng cp cao hn no khc. N kt thc vi lp 9, mt s bang vi lp 10. Trng
Hauptschule truyn t kin thc gio dc ph thng nh l nn tng cho gio dc ngh nghip thc
tin.
Trng Realschule: dnh cho hc sinh c kh nng cao hn so vi so vi trng Hauptschule, vi cc
lp t 5 (hoc 7) n 10. Vi bng tt nghip Realschule, ni chung hc sinh c c nn tng cho mi
loi ngnh ngh v hc sinh c quyn i hc trng ph thng trung hc chuyn ngnh
(Fachoberschule), Gymnasium chuyn ngnh hay chuyn tip sang trng Gymnasium.
Trng Gymnasium: ni chung bao gm 9 hay 8 bc lp (lp 5 n lp 13 hay 12) hoc 7 bc lp (lp
7 n lp 12). Vn bng tt nghip trng Gymnasium c xem l chng nhn nng lc hc ti
cc trng i hc.
Trng Gesamtschule:Trong loi hnh trng ny ngi ta kt hp cc loi hnh trng khc nhau vi
hnh thc t chc v ni dung khc nhau. Ngi ta phn bit thnh cc trng Gesamtschule tch hp
(gi hc chung cho tt c hc sinh) v cc trng Gesamtschule phi hp (nhng loi trng trung hc
khc nhau trong cng mt c s nh trng).
Trng Gymnasium chuyn ngnh (Fachgymnasium): L loi hnh trng Gymnasium gn vi
ngnh ngh trn c s bng tt nghip Realschule hay mt bng tt nghip tng ng. Sau 3 nm
(lp 11 n 13) hc sinh c c vn bng chng nhn kh nng hc ti tt c cc trng i hc.
Trng c bit: cc trng c bit c cc chng trnh s phm v bin php h tr c bit c
tnh n i hi c th ca thanh thiu nin khuyt tt. Cc trng ny c nh hng theo tng
loi khuyt tt khc nhau v c nhng lp hc t cp tiu hc n THPT (c trng c k tc x). Cc
c s tng ng cng c trong phm vi cc trng Realschule, Gymnasium hay trng dy ngh.
Trng bui ti v trng b tc (Kollegs): L cc c s ti , ngi ln bng "con ng o to
th hai" c th nhn c bng tt nghip Hauptschule, Realschule hay bng chng nhn ph thng
trnh hc i hc. Trong cc trng bui ti, gi hc din ra vo bui ti, cc hc vin trong
nhng nm u vn i lm. cc trng b tc (Kollegs) ngi ta hc ly bng tiu chun vo
i hc, l cc trng hc ton b thi gian, hc vin khng i lm.
H thng o to ngh kp (song hnh) : H thng ny c gi l h thng kp (song hnh), v
vic o to c tin hnh ti hai a im hc: ti x nghip v ti trng dy ngh. N l b phn
ht nhn ca gio dc ngh nghip c; hn 60% hc sinh tt nghip mt kha o to ngh trong
h thng ny. Vic o to trong tng ngh c thc hin trn c s nhng quy nh v o to (quy
ch o to ca Lin bang). Hin thi c gn 350 ngh o to c cng nhn trn c s cc quy nh
v o to.
Trng trung hc ngh (Berufoberschule): cho n nay ch tn ti mt s bang v cung cp
nhng ngi tt nghip c bng tt nghip trng trung hc v o to ngh khp kn hay 5 nm hot
ng ngh nghip kh nng ly c chng nhn trnh vo trng i hc gn vi chuyn

ngnh. Vi vic chng minh cc kin thc trong mt ngoi ng th hai c th ly chng nhn trnh
vo i hc chung.
Trng trung hc chuyn nghip (Fachoberschule): c xy dng trn c s bng tt nghip
trng Realschule hay mt bng tng ng c cng nhn. Vic hc ton b thi gian ko di t
nht 1 nm. Hnh thc hc bn thi gian c th ko di n 3 nm. Bng tt nghip c coi l hp l
vo hc cc trng i hc chuyn ngnh (Fachhochschule)
Trng chuyn nghip ngh - Berufsfachschule : Trng chuyn nghip ngh l cc trng hc
ton thi gian, t nht phi hc ht thi gian mt nm. Ni chung, ngi ta c th t nguyn hc sau
khi p ng c ngha v hc ph thng chun b cho ngh hoc o to ngh ton phn m
khng c o to ngh trc . N kt thc bng mt k thi tt nghip; bng tt nghip ny tng
ng vi bng tt nghip trung hc chuyn nghip, tng ng bng tt nghip Realschule. Hc sinh
tt nghip c th t c bng tt nghip trong mt ngh o to song hnh c cng nhn.
Trng chuyn nghip (Fachschule) : Trng chuyn nghip c hc sinh t nguyn la chn sau
kt thc mt kha o to ngh v tri qua kinh nghim thc t, mt phn c sau nhiu nm kinh
nghim thc t do cn chng minh nng khiu chuyn mn c th. Chng cung cp s o to
chuyn mn rng trong ngh (v d nh trng th c, trng k thut vin). Thi gian hc t na nm
n 3 nm, nu hc ton b thi gian.
i hc tng hp, i hc tng hp k thut, i hc k thut: y l loi hnh trng H
truyn thng c. Ti y mt danh mc rng ri cc mn hc c cung cp. Chng gn kt cc
nhim v ging dy v nghin cu. Cc trng ny c quyn o to tin s.
Cc trng i hc Ngh thut, m nhc, Thn hc v S phm : Ti nhng trng H Ngh
thut v m nhc, sinh vin c o to v ngh thut v biu din cng nh cc mn v m nhc.
Ti cc trng H thn hc, ngi ta o to cc nh thn hc. Ti cc trng H S phm (hin nay
ch cn mt s bang) cc GV tiu hc, GV trng Hauptschule v Realschule, i khi c GV cho cc
trng c bit c o to.
i hc chuyn ngnh (Fachhochschule): i hc chuyn ngnh v i hc chuyn ngnh qun l
c nhim v thng qua vic o to gn kt mnh vi ng dng chun b cho cc hot ng ngh
nghip i hi s vn dng cc kin thc v phng php khoa hc.
Gio dc thng xuyn: l s o to tip tc hay bi dng (c hc khng chnh quy) sau khi kt
thc mt giai on o to c thi gian ko di khc nhau. y ngi ta phn bit ra hai lnh vc ch
yu: o to tip ph thng v o to tip ngh nghip. i vi c hai lnh vc o to tip c cc
chng trnh ca cc trng H v cc c s m trch t do v o to tip cng nh chng trnh
hc t xa. Lnh vc o to tip c c trng qua s t nguyn tham gia, tnh a dng ca chng
trnh hc v ca c s o to.
3. Mt s vn ca h thng gio dc
3.1. C sc PISA
PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) l Chng trnh quc t nh gi thnh tch
hc sinh. Cc nghin cu PISA c tin hnh k t nm 2000 c ba nm mt ln. Ngi ta nghin cu
thnh tch ca hc sinh 15 tui (tui kt thc gio dc ph cp a s cc nc). Trong cc bi kim
tra ca PISA, tri thc trong chng trnh ging dy khng phi l iu chnh yu m l kh nng vn
dng tri thc vo thc tin. Ba nghin cu PISA u tin c trng tm nh gi khc nhau: kh nng
c trong PISA 2000, ton hc trong PISA 2003 v khoa hc t nhin trong PISA 2006. Lot th hai cc
nghin cu s c thc hin trong cc nm 2009 (kh nng c), 2012 (ton) v 2015 (khoa hc t
nhin). Tham gia vo PISA 2006 c 57 nc v cho n nay d c s tham gia ca trn 9 triu hc
sinh.
Kt qu PISA 2000 mang n s bt ng cho nc c, v ngi c gi l c sc PISA, v thnh
tch ca hc sinh c xp hng trung bnh v di mc trung bnh ca OECD, trong khi ngi c
vn tin rng nn gio dc c c cht lng tt, t l vi mc u t cao cho gio dc. Ngoi ra, PISA
cng ch ra rng thnh tch hc tp ca hc sinh c ph thuc rt nhiu vo ngun gc x hi ca
cha m, trong con em cc gia nh c thu nhp v trnh thp v nhng hc sinh c ngun gc
nhp c c thnh tich hc tp thp hn. S phn lung sm i vi tr em t mi tui bc trung hc
c s c theo cc loi hnh trng khc nhau b ph phn l gp phn dn n s thiu bnh ng
v c hi vi cc tr em, c bit tr em t cc gia nh ngho v ngi nhp c. Trong hc sinh
trng Hauptpschule c thnh tch km nht v c coi l thiu c hi pht trin so vi hc sinh cc
loi trng khc.
C sc PISA tr thnh mt c hc quan trng cho cuc ci cch gio dc nhm nng cao cht
lng gio dc ph thng trong ton lin bang c. Nhng c gng ci cch gio dc phn no
c phn nh trong kt cua PISA 2003 v 2006 khi kt qu xp hng ca hc sinh c c c ci
thin tng bc mc d cha nhiu.
3.2. Cc vn gio dc c qua bo co ca OECD
Bo co Nhn v gio dc c OECD cng b nm 2007 ch ra nhiu khim khuyt c bn ca h

thng gio dc c:
- Trong 10 nm qua, h thng gio dc c tt hng trong so snh quc t cc h thng gio dc t
bc 10 xung bc 22. Do thiu lc lng tt nghip i hc, nc c ngy nay khng kh nng
thay th nhng k s ang chun b v hu bng nhng ngi tt nghip i hc tr tui. iu ny
cng tng t i vi i ng gio vin.
- c t l k s thp so vi cc nc OECD. C 1000 ngi c ch c 32 k s ca mt nin kho
tt nghip. nhiu nc OECD con s ny l 44. iu tng t cng ng vi cc ngnh khoa hc t
nhin.
- T l t ti thp v t l nhng ngi b ngang i hc cao: Trong phn tch hng nm v cc h
thng gio dc ngi ta cn ch trch v t l t ti thp v t l b ngang i hc cao. Li khen ch c
hai im: nhng ngi bo v tin s, th c thuc v nhm ng u quc t v nc c l mt
a im du hc yu thch i vi sinh vin nc ngoi.
- Thiu bnh ng v c hi: c con ng hc vn l thuc rt nhiu vo ngun gc x hi. T l
con ci ca nhng gia nh m cha m c trnh t i hc tr ln trong s cc sinh vin i hc gp
2,3 ln con s ny trong t l dn c ni chung.
Cng vi kt qu ca PISA, bo co ca OECD v gio dc cng nh hng lot nhng nghin cu nh
gi trong nc trong nhng nm qua l c s quan trng cho cc nh hoch nh chnh sch gio duc
xy dng nhng chng trnh ci cch gio dc. Gio dc tr thnh ch quan trong ca cc ng
phi chnh tr trong tranh c quc hi. T nm 2000 hng lot cc d n v chng trnh ci cch c
thc hin. C th k ra mt s xu hng ci cch gio dc ph thng nh sau:
- Gim thi gian hc ph thng xung 12 nm rt ngn thi gian hc ph thng nhm khuyn khch
hc sinh hc ln t ti v i hc,
- Ci cch h thng trng hc theo xu hng gim bt s phn ha ngoi qu sm bc trung hc c
s, loi b loi hnh trng Hauptschule, nhm tng cng c hi bnh ng gio dc cho hc sinh,
- Xy dng chun nng lc cc mn hc ph thng bnh din lin bang. Xy dng chng trnh khung
mi cc bang da trn chun mn hc,
- Thc hin h thng m bo cht lng trng hc, nh gi v kim nh cht lng trng hc
nh k,
- Thc hin k thi tt nghip tp trung (cp bang) i vi bc trung hc c s v trung hc ph thng,
- Tng cng bi dng GV.
1. Bellenberg, G.: Ausbildung von Lehrerinen und Lehrernin Deutschland. Opladen 2003.
2. European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Standards and Guidelines for
Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education, Area. Helsinki, 2005.
3. Habel, W.; Wildt, J.: Gestufte Studiengnger Brennpunkte der Lehrerbildungsreform. Bad
Heilbrunn/obb 2004.
4. Hansel, T. : Lehrerbildungsreform . Herbolzheim 2002.
5. Kraler, C.; Schratz, M. : Wissen erwerben, Kompetenzen entwickeln: Modelle zur
kompetenzorientierten Lehrerbildung . Waxmann 2008.
6. Reich, K.: Lehrerbildung konstruktivistisch gestalten: Wege in der Praxis fr Referendare und
Berufseinsteiger . Belt 2009.
***Theo s liu thng k:
Trung bnh, 1 BWLer vs Uni-Diplom lng 41244 Euro 1 nm, cn vs FH-Diplom th 38386 Euro
Trong vs 1 Maschinenbauer vs Diplomingenieur ca Uni th 44346 Euro 1 nm, cn vs FHAbschluss l 42350 Euro
Cn sau 5 n 10 nm trong ngh: 1 Uni-BWLer kim trung bnh 59565 Euro, cn ng nghip ca h
tt nghip FH l 54064 Euro zufriedengeben.
Vs Maschinenbauern n l 58396 Euro cn vs Uni-Diplom & 55309 Euro cho FH-Abschluss.
Nhng vs bng Bachelor th ng lng ca th trng k cn phn bit gia Uni v FH m ph thuc
vo vic bn c bng Master k?!
nu h Bachelor Uni ra trng, hc thm nm ri na l c bng Master, nhng Bachchelor FH th
phi c 2 nm kinh nghim trong ngh ms c php hc tip c Master
Trc khi c chp thun vo hc ti mt Trng i hc c, theo nguyn tc, tn Sinh vin quc
t, c Vit Nam phi t k Thi nh gi cht lng tng ng (Feststellungsprfung).
iu kin hc D b ti c:
+ Tt nghip PTTH
+ Trng tuyn mt Trng i hc c cng nhn Vit Nam, h Chnh qui

+ Th sinh phi t 15 im tr ln, khng mn no di 4 im trong k thi i hc.

*K thi Feststellungsprfung ti i hc tng hp (Universitt, Technische Universitt) khc so vi k
thi ti Trng i hc Khoa hc ng dng (Fachhochschule):
Ti cc Studienkolleg c cc kha hc trng tm cho cc Ngnh hc i hc sau ny nh sau:
Kha T: Cho cc ngnh Khoa hc K thut, Ton hc v Khoa hc T nhin (ngoi tr cc Ngnh Sinh
hc)

Kha M: Cho cc ngnh Y hc v Sinh hc

Kha W: Cho cc ngnh Kinh t hc v Khoa hc X hi

Kha G: Cho cc ngnh Nhn vn hc, X hi hc, M thut, Nhc v Ngnh c ng

Kha S: Cho cc ngnh Ngn ng (ngoi tr ngnh c ng)

Cc mn thi L Thuyt l:

Kha T:

c ng,

Ton (k c Tin hc),

Vt l hay Ha hc

Kha M:

c ng,

Sinh vt v/hoc Ha hc,

Vt l hoc Ton

Kha W:

c ng,

Ton,

Kinh t Quc dn hc,

Kinh t Qun tr hc

Kha G:

c ng,

Vn hc c hoc Anh ng,

X hi hc/a l

Kha S:

c ng,

Ngoi ng th hai,

Lch s hoc X hi hc/a l hoc Vn hc c

Feststellungsprfung ch c th thi li duy nht mt ln v sm nht su thng sau khi thi k u
tin ti Studienkolleg thi.
Nhng tn Sinh vin mun hc ti Studienkolleg thng c ng k thng qua cc Trng i hc
hoc thng qua cc C quan chc nng ca Tiu bang.
Studienkollegs khng nhn ng k hc trc tip, tr trng hp cc Studienkollegs ti Tiu bang
Nordrhein-Westfalen.
c nhn vo hc ti Studienkolleg, cc tn Sinh vin phi chng minh qua mt k thi u vo l
c kh nng theo hc chng trnh bng ting c dy ti y. Nu cha t k thi , tn Sinh
vin nn tham d mt kha hc chun b. Mt vi Studienkolleg thng c nhng kha chun b nh
vy. C nhng Studienkollegs cn kt hp k thi u vo vi nhng mn khc nh Ton.
M-Kurs:

Th tc bt buc
Theo quy nh ca c, k t nm 2007, tt c sinh vin mun sang c du hc phi np h s ti B
phn Kim tra hc vn (APS) thuc Phng Lnh s v th thc i s qun c thm tra. iu kin
c nhp hc i hc (H) ti c cng kh phc tp, trong c quy nh hc t nht mt hc
k ti mt H chnh quy. V vy, APS thm tra xem sinh vin xin du hc c p ng c cc iu kin
c bn nhp hc H ti c hay khng, v cc chng ch hc tp ca sinh vin cng phi qua thm
tra.

Sau khi thm tra, nu sinh vin t y cc yu cu s c APS cp chng ch hay mt giy chng
nhn (cho cc kha hc thun ty ngh thut). Chng ch ny l mt trong nhng iu kin c
nhp hc ti mt trng H ca c v c hiu lc v thi hn. Trong cuc phng vn, APS hi v qu
trnh hc H trc ca du hc sinh, ngha l APS thm tra xem kin thc ca sinh vin c tng
xng vi cc chng ch m sinh vin np cho APS hay khng. Sinh vin c th t nguyn vng
xin c phng vn bng ting c hoc ting Anh.
Nu kt qu thm tra tt, sinh vin s nhn c 10 chng ch bn gc. Vi cc chng ch ny, sinh
vin c th lm th tc xin nhp hc ti cc trng H c v sau khi c giy nhp hc ca mt
trng H, sinh vin c th np n xin cp th thc ti i s qun c. Ring i vi nhng du hc
sinh cc ngnh thun ty ngh thut (hoc nghin cu sinh), ch cn APS thm tra, khng cn qua
phng vn.
Th tc APS v c bn gm: thm tra h s, phng vn, cp chng ch hoc giy chng nhn. Cc cuc
phng vn din ra hai k mi nm, vo thng 11 v thng 5. H s xin hc cho hc k ma H phi
np chm nht l trong thng 9 nm trc v trong thng 3 vi hc k ma ng. Vi Vit Nam, quy
nh ny buc du hc sinh phi np giy t di dng dch cng chng sang ting c hoc ting Anh.
Chng minh ti chnh
Vi chng ch APS, sinh vin c th ng k hc ti mt trng H ti c v l iu kin xt n
xin cp th thc i hc ting, hc d b H hoc hc H ti c. Thng thng, nu c y h s,
thi gian xt n xin cp th thc s l 4 tun. Ngi ng n xin cp th thc phi n np h s trc
tip ti Phng Th thc ca i s qun c.
Nhng giy t v vn bng (bn chnh hoc bn sao cng chng) cn phi np km theo n. Tt c
cc giy t phi c hai bn sao km theo. B h s gc s c tr li cho ngi ng n sau khi c
quyt nh v n xin cp th thc. Theo , h s gm: n xin cp th thc (3 bn, mu n c
pht min ph ti i s qun, n c th khai bng ting c hoc ting Anh); 4 nh mi chp, nn
trng (ghi h tn v ngy thng nm sinh vo mt sau ca nh); h chiu Vit Nam hp l, c ch k
ca ngi mang h chiu; bn tm tt qu trnh hc tp, cng tc bt u t khi tt nghip THPT (phi
ghi r c thi gian khng i hc v cng khng i lm); bn chnh giy chng ch ca APS; chng nhn
ng k kha hc ting c ti c, hoc chng nhn ng k kha d b H, hoc giy bo
nhp hc ngnh ng k ti mt trng H, cao ng c (giy bo c iu kin km theo).
Ngoi ra, cn chng minh ti chnh cho thi gian c tr ti c. i vi ngi du hc t tc, phi c
giy chng nhn c ti khon ti mt ngn hng c vi s tin ti thiu l 7.020 euro. Ti khon ny
phi l ti khon phong ta mi thng ch c rt ti a 585 euro. i vi du hc sinh c b con
h hng hoc ngi quen ti c bo lnh, ngi bo lnh phi lm cam kt chu tt c cc ph tn cho
ngi ng n trong sut thi gian du hc.
Ty theo tng trng hp, i s qun c th yu cu np thm cc giy t khc. Cc yu cu ny s
ch do nhn vin nhn h s thng bo vi ngi du hc, v ngi du hc phi ng l ph l 30 euro.
Mt s thay i quan trng trong Lut c tr (Aufenthaltsgesetz) ca c dnh cho du hc sinh

1. Tng s ngy sinh vin c lm vic t 90 ngy / nm ln thnh 120 ngy / nm ( 16 wird wie
folgt gendert: In Absatz 3 Satz 1 wird die Angabe 90 durch die Angabe 120 und wird die Angabe
180 durch die Angabe 240 ersetzt.)
2. Sinh vin nc ngoi tt nghip ti cc trng i hc ca c c li c 18 thng tm vic,
thay v hin nay ch c 12 thng. (Absatz 4 wird wie folgt gendert: In Satz 1 werden die Wrter zu
einem Jahr durch die Wrter zu 18 Monaten
ersetzt)
3. Hin ti, trong thi gian tm vic, sinh vin cng ch c lm 90 ngy trong 1 nm th sp ti y,
sinh vin s c lm vic khng gii hn s ngy trong sut thi gian 18 thng tm vic. (Satz 2 wird
wie folgt gefasst: Die Aufenthaltserlaubnis berechtigt whrend dieses Zeitraums zur Ausbung einer
Erwerbsttigkeit.)
4. Sinh vin tt nghip c c quyn xin cp giy c tr t lm ch, kinh doanh (Selbstndige
Ttigkeit) ch vi iu kin ch yu duy nht l ngnh ngh kinh doanh lin quan n ngnh hc
i hc c. Ngoi iu kin ny ra, trong lut mi khng h i hi cc yu cu no khc v s vn
ti thiu, qui m u t, li ch ca vic u t i vi x hi c th no c. iu ny khc vi lut
dnh cho mt ngi nc ngoi bnh thng, trc gi mun u t vo c, m cng ty kinh doanh
phi c vn ti thiu 250 000 EURO tr ln v phi to c cng n vic lm cho t 5 ngi tr ln v
cn mt s iu kin khc na mi c cp giy c tr theo iu lut s 21 Abs.1 AufenthG ( 21
wird wie folgt gendert: Nach Absatz 2 wird folgender Absatz 2a eingefgt: (2a) Einem Auslnder, der
sein Studium an einer staatlichen oder staatlich anerkannten Hochschule oder vergleichbaren
ausbildungseinrichtung im Bundesgebiet erfolgreich abgeschlossen hat oder der als Forscher oder
Wissenschaftler eine Aufenthaltserlaubnis nach 18 oder 20 besitzt, kann eine Aufenthaltserlaubnis
zur Ausbung einer selbstndigen Ttigkeit abweichend von Absatz 1 erteilt werden. Die beabsichtigte
selbstndige Ttigkeit muss einen Zusammenhang mit den in der Hochschulausbildung erworbenen
Kenntnissen oder der Ttigkeit als Forscher oderWissenschaftler erkennen lassen.)
5. Sinh vin nc ngoi tt nghip c ch cn i lm thu (18) hoc t u t kinh doanh c
(21) theo ng ngnh ngh hc hoc lin quan n ngnh ngh hc th sau 2 nm c quyn xin
nh c vnh vin c ( 18b Niederlassungserlaubnis fr Absolventen deutscher Hochschulen: Einem
Auslnder, der sein Studium an einer staatlichen oder staatlich anerkannten Hochschule oder
vergleichbaren Ausbildungseinrichtung im Bundesgebiet erfolgreich abgeschlossen hat, wird eine
Niederlassungserlaubnis erteilt, wenn er seit zwei Jahren einen Aufenthaltstitel nach den 18, 18a,
19a oder 21 besitzt)
6. Sinh vin tt nghip i hc c, c bng cp ca i hc c hoc tng ng, nu ang
nc ngoi hay hi hng, c quyn xin giy php c tr 6 thng vo c tm vic. Nu bn
c ht 6 thng m cha tm c vic th bn phi ri khi c, i 6 thng sau c th xin tip giy
c tr loi 6 thng ny li vo c tm vic tip. ( 18c Aufenthaltstitel zur Arbeitsplatzsuche fr
qualifizierte Fachkrfte: (1) Einem Auslnder, der ber einen deutschen oder anerkannten oder einem
deutschen Hochschulabschluss vergleichbaren auslndischen Hochschulabschluss verfgt und dessen
Lebensunterhalt gesichert ist, kann ein Aufenthaltstitel zur Suche nach einem der Qualifikation
angemessenen Arbeitsplatz fr bis zu sechs Monate erteilt werden. Der Aufenthaltstitel berechtigt
nicht zur Erwerbsttigkeit. (2) Eine Verlngerung des Aufenthaltstitels ber den in Absatz 1 genannten
Hchstzeitraum hinaus ist ausgeschlossen. Ein Aufenthaltstitel nach Absatz 1 kann erneut nur erteilt

werden, wenn sich der Auslnder nach seiner Ausreise mindestens so lange im Ausland aufgehalten
hat, wie er sich zuvor auf der Grundlage eines Aufenthaltstitels nach Absatz 1 im Bundesgebiet
aufgehalten hat.
http://dip.bundestag.de/btd/17/086/1708682.pdf
http://www.bundesrat.de/nn_8694/SharedDocs/Drucksachen/2012/0201-300/23612,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/236-12.pdf
Tm tt qu trnh xt duyt D lut Gesetz zur Umsetzung der HochqualifiziertenRichtlinie der Europischen Union
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

Ngy 07.12.2011 Chnh ph lin bang c thng qua D lut Erleichterungen bei der
Zuwanderung auslndischer Fachkrfte
Ngy 30.12.2011 D lut ny c a qua Bundesrat (Hi ng lin bang) xt duyt ln 1
v a ra kin, b sung vo ngy 10.02.2012
Ngy 15.02.2012 Chnh ph lin bang sau khi tip nhn kin, ngh ln 1 ca Bundesrat
phn hi li v chuyn D lut qua cho Bundestag (Quc hi lin bang) xem xt, ngh & biu
quyt.
Bundestag (Quc hi lin bang) tin hnh 3 vng tranh lun vi ln cui cng ngy
27.04.2012 dng biu quyt thng qua D lut ny vi mt s b sung. Sau chuyn lin li cho
Bundesrat xem xt & biu quyt ln 2
Hin ti th mnh thy n ghi trong bn Drucksache 236/12 ca Bundesrat l Fristablauf:
18.05.12. Vy l hy vng lut ny s c Bundesrat thng qua ln cui cng ngy 18.05.2012. Theo
mnh th chc chn Bundesrat s thng qua v trong sut qu trnh xem xt d lut ny, Bundesrat lun
l ngi ng h v a ra nhiu ngh mi & sa i c li rt nhiu cho Du hc sinh v ngi lao
ng nc ngoi. Nu Bundesrat thng qua vo ngy 18.05.2012 sp ti th sau Lut ny s c
B ni v, vn phng th tng v cui cng l c Tng thng c k duyt ban hnh chnh thc.
Thng co ca lut mi s c a ln Bundesgesetzblatt
Sau khi lut mi c cng b th thi gian c hiu lc ca n s l ngy u tin ca thng
th 2, sau thng m Lut mi c cng b. V d cng b vo thng 06.2012 th thng 01.08.2012 c
hiu lc. Theo d on ca bo ch c th Lut ny s sm c thi hnh v c hiu lc vo gia nm
nay.
Nu bn mun lm vic hoc c tr ti c, bn cn tm hiu lut c tr ti c. Cc iu kin c bn
chi phi quyn c tr ph thuc vo bn c phi l cng dn thuc khi EU hay khng.
Nu bn khng phi l cng dn ca mt nc thnh vin Eu, khu vc kinh t chu u (EEA) hoc Thy
S, m bn mun c tr ti c, bn cn c mt trong s giy php c tr:
- Giy php nh c vnh vin
- Giy php lu tr (C thi hn)
- Giy php thng tr - EC
Giy php lu tr
Giy php lu tr c cp c gii hn thi gian. N c cp cho nhng ngi:
- Mun hon thnh kha hc dy ngh ti c ( 16-17 ca Lut C tr)
- Mun lm vic ti c (( 18-31 ca Lut C tr)
- c li c v l do nhn o, chnh tr hoc theo lut php quc t ( 22-26 ca Lut C tr)
- Di c n c v l do gia nh ( 27 - 36 ca Lut C tr)
- L ngi c mun hi hng ( 37, 38 ca Lut C tr)
- Thuc thnh vin ca lin minh chu u ( 38a ca Lut C tr)
Giy php lu tr c th c gia hn. Trong trng hp ny, ngi nc ngoi s phi hc mt kha
hc ha nhp x hi ty vo tnh hnh thc t.
Lu : Ngi nc ngoi c th lm vic hp php ti c khi c giy php ny.
Th xanh EU (The EU Blue Card)
Th xanh c cp cho cc cng dn ca nc th ba c trnh i hc hoc tng ng ti c
c php li lm vic trong vng 4 nm.
c th xanh, c nhn phi cung cp bng chng v vic s ng gp 2/3 lng trn ti thiu
hng nm vo qu hu tr (nm 2012 l khong 44.800 EUR). i vi ngnh ngh c nhu cu c bit,
gii hn mc lng c h xung 52% ( khong 35.000 Eur trong nm 2012).

Ch s hu th xanh c th chng minh lm vic trong khong thi gian 33 thng v tr tin
(bt buc) ng gp cho bo him hu tr theo lut nh.
c th xanh, ngi np n phi c k nng ngn ng bng B1. i vi trng hp on t theo v
chng ti c th khng cn thit.
Th c tr vnh vin
Giy php nh c vnh vin ti c cho php bn sng v lm vic ti c. c giy php n c
vnh vin, bn phi c giy php lu tr trong 5 nm v tha mn thm cc iu kin khc. Bt c ai
xin nh c lu di phi chng minh c t m bo cuc sng, ti chnh cho cc thnh vin trong gia
nh, c y k nng ngn ng, khng phm ti hnh s. Trong s t trng hp cc iu kin lin
quan khng cn phi p ng nu m bo thi gian sng ti c lu di, hoc nhng ngi c trnh
cao.
Bo hin ngy nay l vn c ngha c bit quan trng v c tc ng trc tip n c h
thng php lut. M hnh bo hin Cng ha Lin bang c l mt trong nhng m hnh bo hin tn
tin rt ng tham kho i vi nhiu quc gia trn th gii ang mun xy dng mt c ch bo hin
thnh cng, trit theo ngha hin i.
Qua tm hiu, nghin cu, tc gi cho rng c ba nguyn nhn c bn m bo cho th ch bo hin
c thnh cng:
1. Cc nh lp hin c t c ch bo hin trong iu kin ca mt ch dn ch bn vng,
ng thi lng tnh trc l trnh m bo cho c ch ny c thc thi hiu qu
iu khon vnh cu (iu 79 khon 3 ca Lut c bn) l m bo php l trc tin cho mt c ch
bo hin. iu khon ny rng buc cc qui phm ti iu 1 v iu 20 l nhng iu khon vnh vin,
trong mi trng hp khng th thay i, v bt k l do no. Ni dung ca iu 1 l qui nh v nhn
phm, quyn c bn ca cng dn, cc quyn ny c hiu lc trc tip v rng buc quyn lc nh
nc. 1 iu 20 l iu xc lp cc nguyn tc c bn ca Hin php nh nguyn tc nh nc php
quyn, dn ch, lin bang v nh nc x hi2. iu 79 khon 3 ny vnh vin ha nhng c trng
nn tng ca mt ch dn ch c.
Khng phi ngay t khi c hiu lc vo nm 1949 nc c c ngay mt c ch bo hin y .
Phi n nm 1951, Lut ta n Hin php lin bang (Bundesverfassungsgerichtgesetz - BVerfGG) mi
ra i v cng phi ch thm hai mi nm sau (nm 1969), k t khi Lut c bn c hiu lc, ch nh
khiu kin Hin php ca cng dn ti iu 93 khon 1 s 4a LCB mi c b sung, nhm c th ha
con ng t tng Hin php ti iu 19 khon 4 LCB. 3 Sau hai mi nm, c bit l sau cuc i
nhy vt v kinh t (Wirtschaftswunder) v nhng chuyn bin x hi su sc nhng nm 1950, 1960,
CHLB c lc mi hi t c y cc iu kin chn mui c v kinh t x hi, chnh tr php l
hin thc ha y cc qui nh v bo hin.
2. Cc nh lp hin c xc nh chnh xc v tr php l ca Ta n hin php lin bang
vi hai chc nng va l c quan xt x, nhng cng va l mt thit ch hin nh ca lin
bang, c lp vi cc thit ch khc
Ta n hin php cng ha lin bang c ng thi c 2 chc nng:
Chc nng th nht, Ta n hin php lin bang l mt c quan c chc nng xt x nh cc Ta n
khc (Theo cc iu 92, 93, 94, 97 Lut c bn [di y vit tt l LCB]). iu 92 Cu 1 LCB qui nh:
Quyn xt x c trao cho thm phn. iu ny c ngha rng c, thm phn lun nhn c s
tin tng tuyt i v cng nhn ly trch nhim to ln trc nh nc v x hi. Qui nh ny c b
sung bi iu 97 Khon 1 LCB: Khi xt x, thm phn c lp v ch tun theo lut.
Chc nng th hai, theo iu 1 Khon 1 LTAHPLB, Ta n hin php lin bang l mt thit ch hin
nh (Verfassungsorgan) ging nh cc thit ch khc lin bang nh H ngh vin (Bundestag),
Thng ngh vin (Bundesrat), Tng thng lin bang (Bundesprsident) v Chnh ph lin bang
(Bundesregierung). 4
Hai chc nng ny to nn v tr c lp ca Ta n hin php lin bang trong hot ng xt x.
Vic chia thnh 2 Hi ng xt x cng l mt qui nh thnh cng.
Theo iu 2 Khon 1 v Khon 2 Lut Ta n Hin php lin bang (LTAHPLB), 5 Ta n Hin php lin
bang c chia thnh 2 Hi ng xt x, mi Hi ng xt x gm c 8 thm phn.
Hi ng xt x th nht c nhim v xt x cc v vic lin quan n vic xm phm cc quyn c
bn ca cng dn (Grundrechte) t pha nh nc theo iu 14 Khon 1 LTAHPLB, gi chung l cc
khiu kin Hin php (Verfassungsbeschwerde).
Hi ng xt x th hai c nhim v gii quyt cc vn cn li thuc thm quyn theo iu 14
Khon 2 LTAHPLB.
Vic chia thnh hai hi ng xt x khin cho tin xt x cc v vic lin quan n Hin php c
y nhanh, ng thi tnh chuyn mn ha cng c nng cao do mi Hi ng xt x ph trch mt
nhm cc khiu kin hin php c lp. 6
Ta n Hin php lin bang c nhiu thm quyn bo v hin php, nhng thm quyn ny c qui

nh c th cc iu 93, iu 100, iu 21 Khon 2, iu 41 khon 2, iu 61, iu 93 khon 1 s

4b. 7 C th l cc quyn sau:
- Quyn tuyn b mt o lut l vi hin nu o lut tri vi Lut c bn (iu 100 khon 1 LCB);
8
- Quyn gii thch Hin php (iu 93 khon 1 s 2 LCB); 9
- Quyn gii quyt xung t thm quyn gia cc c quan nh nc Lin bang (iu 93 khon 1 s 1
LCB); 10
- Quyn gii quyt tranh chp thm quyn gia lin bang v tiu bang (iu 93 Khon 1 s 3 v s 4);
11
- Quyn gii quyt khiu kin lin quan n bu c (Wahlprfungsverfahren) (iu 41 Khon 2 LCB)
12, gii quyt vic cm mt ng phi no hot ng (Parteiverbotsverfahren - iu 21 Khon 2
LCB) 13, Khiu kin Tng thng (iu 61 Khon 2 LCB); 14
- v c bit l quyn gii quyt khiu kin Hin php ca c nhn khi b c quan cng quyn xm
phm cc quyn c bn qui nh t iu 1 n iu 19 LCB (Verfassungsbeschwerde - iu 93 khon 1
s 4a). 15
Theo s liu thng k thc t ca Ta n Hin php lin bang c v s lng gii quyt cc v vic
ca Ta n Hin php lin bang c t 7/9/1951 n 31/12/2007 cng b ti website ca Ta n hin
php lin bang16 th: s lng v vic th l l 169.502 v vic, trong s c ti 163.374 v vic
(chim ti 96,37%) l cc khiu kin Hin php ca c nhn (Verfassungsbeschwerde). iu ny cho
thy a phn cc v vic trn thc t ca Ta n Hin php lin bang l gii quyt khiu kin Hin
php ca c nhn.
3. Cc nh lp hin c t ra y cc iu kin m bo cho s c lp ca Thm
phn Ta n hin php lin bang
V tiu chun ca Thm phn: Thm phn Ta n Hin php lin bang phi t nhng tiu chun sau:
- t 40 tui tr ln (iu 3 Khon 1 LTAHPLB),
- ti thiu phi thi k thi quc gia th hai v lut (2. Juristisches Staatsexamen) 17 hoc l Gio s
lut (Professor der Rechte) 18 ti trng i hc c (iu 3 Khon 2 LTAHPLB v iu 5 Khon 1
Lut thm phn (Deutsches Richtergesetz19).
- khng c ng thi l thnh vin ca H vin, Thng vin, Chnh ph lin bang, cng nh bt c
c quan no ca bang (iu 94 Khon 1 Cu 3 Lut c bn v iu 3 Khon 3 LTAHPLB).
V qui trnh bu thm phn: Thm phn Ta n hin php lin bang c bu theo nguyn tc bu a
s tiu chun (tc l phi t c 2/3 s thnh vin tn thnh) (iu 94 Khon 1 Cu 2 LCB v cc
iu t iu 5 LTAHPLB). Cc thm phn c bu theo nguyn tc mt na l t Hi ng bu thm
phn (Richterwahlausschuss) ca H vin (Theo iu 6 LTCTAHPLB) v mt na l bi Thng vin
(Theo iu 51, 52 LCB v iu 7 LTCTAHPLB). 20
V nhim k ca Thm phn: Nhim k ca Thm phn Ta n hin php lin bang l 12 nm v ch
c bu duy nht mt ln (iu 4 LTAHPLB).
C ch bo hin c thnh cng v th ch ny hi t c y c ba iu kin m bo s
thnh cng l m bo v iu kin chnh tr, kinh t, x hi, m bo v v tr php l, thm quyn
ca thit ch Ta n hin php v m bo v s c lp ca thm phn. Ngy nay vi nhiu gi tr
tin b, c ch bo hin Cng ha lin bang c vt ra khi khun kh nc c, tr thnh gi
tr vn minh chung ca nhn loi v l mt trong nhng m hnh rt ng tham kho i vi nhiu
quc gia trn th gii ang mun xy dng mt c ch bo hin thnh cng, trit theo ngha hin
i.
V iu kin ng nghip gip vic v khoa hc: Ta n hin php lin bang hin nay Karlsruhe c
khong 60 ng nghip gip vic v khoa hc (wiss. Mitarbeiter). y thc s l nhng chuyn gia
php l gii, c tuyn chn k lng, l tr lc quan trng gip cc thm phn Ta n hin php lin
bang c th hon thnh nhim v cao c ca mnh. 21
V thu nhp: Lng ca Chnh n Ta n Hin php lin bang tng ng vi lng ca B trng
khong 15.500 Euro/ 1 thng. 22 Lng ca Thm phn Ta n Hin php lin bang tng ng vi
lng ca Chnh n Ta n Ti cao (Nhm BBesO R10) khong 12.503 Euro/ 1 thng. 23
V tnh c lp vi ngnh hnh php: Theo iu 94 Khon 1 Cu 3 LCB v iu 3 Khon 3 LTCTAHPLB
th Ta n Hin php lin bang:
- Khng c gim st cng v (keine Dienstaufsicht),
- Khng c s ch o cng tc xt x t bn ngoi (keine Dienstweg),
- Khng ph thuc vo cc c quan hnh chnh trong vic tr lng, c ngn sch ring c lp
(eigener Haushalt) v vic tr lng thm phn. 24
V s c lp khi xt x: Theo iu 15 Khon 2 Cu 1 LTAHPLB, khi xt x, Hi ng xt x phi c t
nht 6 trn tng s 8 thm phn tham gia v quyt nh theo nguyn tc qu bn (einfach Mehrheit).
Trong trng hp s phiu bng nhau th gii quyt theo iu 15 Khon 4 Cu 3 LTAHPLB). Thm phn
Ta n Hin php khi phn quyt ch tun theo Hin php v lut, hon ton khng chu bt c tc

ng no t pha bn ngoi, khng chu bt c s ch o no v mt chnh tr hay hnh chnh. y l

tiu ch, l i hi quan trng nht m bo tnh c lp ca thm phn.
V s rng buc ca phn quyt: ngha c bit nht trong phn quyt ca Ta n Hin php lin
bang chnh l gi tr ca phn quyt c qui nh ti iu 31 Khon 1 LTAHPLB: "Phn quyt ca Ta
n Hin php lin bang c hiu lc rng buc i vi cc thit ch hin nh ca lin bang, cc tiu
bang cng nh tt c cc ta n v c quan hnh chnh. 25
_____________________________________
1 iu 1 LCB qui nh: (1) Nhn phm l bt kh xm phm (unantastbar). Coi trng v bo v nhn
phm l ngha v ca tt c cc nhnh quyn lc nh nc. (2) Nhn dn c v th tha nhn vic
nhn quyn (Menschenrechte) l bt kh xm phm v khng th b lm dng hay p t
(unveruerlichen) nh l nn tng ca mi mt cng ng, ho bnh v cng l trn ton th gii. (3)
Cc quyn hn c bn di y rng buc cc nhnh quyn lp php, hnh php v t php vi tnh
cht l quyn c hiu lc trc tip (unmittelbar geltendes Recht).
2 iu 20 LCB qui nh: (1). Cng ha lin bang c l mt nh nc lin bang dn ch v nh nc
lin bang x hi. (2). Tt c quyn lc nh nc l t nhn dn. Tt c quyn lc nh nc c thc
thi bi nhn dn thng qua bu c, trng cu dn v thng qua cc c quan c lp thuc nhnh
quyn lp php, hnh php v t php. (3). Quyn lp php b rng buc bi trt t hp hin, quyn
hnh php v t php b rng buc bi cc o lut v cc vn bn php lut. (4). Tt c ngi dn
c u c quyn thay i nh nc (Recht zum Widerstand), nu nh nc y i ngc li nhng
nguyn tc c bn trn y, khi m cc liu php khc c p dng nhng khng hiu qu.
3 iu 19 khon 4 LCB qui nh: Bt c ai cho rng quyn t do c bn ca mnh b xm hi, u c
quyn khi kin li nh nc
4 Theo qui nh ca Lut c bn c c 5 thit ch Hin nh ca lin bang (Verfassungsorgane) gm
c: H vin lin bang (Bundestag), Thng vin lin bang (Bundesrat), Chnh ph lin bang
(Bundesregierung), Tng thng lin bang (Bundesprsident) v Ta n hin php lin bang
(Bundesverfassungsgericht). V nguyn tc, cc thit ch ny l ngang hng nhau, kim sot v cn
bng quyn lc, khng c quan no cao hn c quan no. Cc Ta n ti cao ca lin bang
(Bundesgerichthofs) trong h thng cc c quan t php (Rechtsprechung) khng c c v tr l thit
ch hin nh nh Ta n hin php lin bang.
5 Lut Ta n Hin php lin bang c (Gesetz ber das Bundesverfassungsgericht) ln u tin c
cng b vo ngy 12 thng 3 nm 1951, trn Cng bo s 1 t trang 243, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy
17 thng 4 nm 1951. Mc d o lut ny do Ngh vin ban hnh, nhng thc cht n xy dng mt
qui trnh t tng hin php bn vng, cng vi qui nh t hnh trong hot ng ca Ta n (iu 1
Khon 3 BverfGG), bo v kh tt s c lp ca Ta n, ng thi vi qui nh ny Ngh vin cng s
khng th d dng sa lut nhm tm cch can thip vo cng tc xt x ca Ta n Hin php.
6 Xem thm: V Tr Ho, Philipp Kunig, c trng ca m hnh ti phn Hin php c, Nghin cu lp
php. Vn phng quc hi, S 8 (4/2009), tr. 5257.
7 Ta n Hin php lin bang ch lm vic da trn c s c khiu kin. Chc nng ca Ta n Hin
php khc vi c quan hnh chnh khng phi l thi hnh Hin php hay lut, m l bo v Hin php
v php lut.
8 Xem: Wernsmann, Konkrete Normenkontrolle (Art. 100 Abs. 1 GG), Jura 2005, S. 328.
9 Xem: Jarass/Pieroth, Grundgesetz fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Kommentar, 11. Aufl., 2011,
Art. 93, Rn. 19 f.
10 Xem: Jarass/Pieroth, Grundgesetz fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Kommentar, 11. Aufl., 2011,
Art. 93, Rn. 5 f.
11 Xem: Hillgruber/Goos, Verfassungsprozessrecht, 2. Aufl. 2006; Alleweldt, BVerfG und
Fachgerichtsbarkeit 2006.
12T.Koch, Bestandsschutz fr Parlamente? berlegungen zur Wahlfehlerfolgenlehre, DVBl 2000,
1093; Roth, Subjektiver Wahlrechtsschutz und seine Beschrnkungen durch das
Wahlprfungsverfahren, FS Grahof, 1998, S. 53.
13 Xem thm cc phn quyt ca Ta n Hin php lin bang: BVerfGE 4, 27/30f.; BVerfGE 11,
239/241ff.
14 Xem: Kunig, Der Bundesprsident, Jura 1994, S. 217f.; Kilian, Der Bundesprsident als
Verfassungsorgan, JuS 1988, S. 33.
15 Xem: Zuck, Das Recht der Verfassungsbeschwerde, 3. Aufl., 2006; Hain, Die
Individualverfassungsbeschwerde nach Bundesrecht, 2002.
16 S liu thng k thc t ca Ta n Hin php lin bang c v gii quyt cc v vic ca Ta n
Hin php lin bang c t ngy 7/9/1951 n ngy 31/12/2007 cng b ti website chnh thc ca
Ta n hin php lin bang c ti a
ch:http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/organisation/gb2007/A-I-1.html truy cp gn nht ngy
3/4/2012.

17 Hai ngnh Lut v Y khoa l ngnh i hi tiu chun u vo cao cng nh qu trnh o to lu
nht nc c. c c chng nhn kt thc k thi quc gia th hai Assessor, kt thc qu trnh
o to lut chnh thc (die voll-juristische Ausbildung), mt sinh vin lut trung bnh phi mt t 9
n 10 nm theo hc. y l iu kin cn mt ngi c th hnh ngh lut nh Lut s, thm
phn, cng chc, cng t vin hoc tip tc nghin cu trng i hc hay mt Vin nghin cu.
(Xem thm: Nigel Foster, Satish Sule, German Legal System and Laws, 3. Edition, Oxford, 2008, p. 86).
18 iu kin tr thnh Gio s i hc (Professor) c rt kht khe. Ngoi vic c chng nhn
Assessor, sau khi bo v thnh cng lun n tin s (Doktorarbeit), ngi c hc v tin s phi tip tc
tch ly nhiu iu kin khc nh: 1. Hon thnh bc sau tin s (Habilitation), bo v thnh cng ti
sau tin s (Habilitationsschrift); 2. Tch ly cc cng trnh khoa hc; 3. Tch ly kinh nghim
ging dy v 4. c mt trng i hc cng nhn v b nhim. (Xem thm: Nigel Foster, Satish
Sule, German Legal System and Laws, 3. Edition, Oxford, 2008, p. 88).
19 Lut thm phn ca c ln u tin c cng b ngy 8/9/1961, ti Cng bo s 1 nm 1961 t
trang 1665, c hiu lc thi hnh ngy 1/7/1962. o lut ny c sa i, b sung, c cng b ln
th hai ngy 19/4/1972, ng trn Cng bo s 1 nm 1972, t trang 713.
20 H. Maurer, Staatsrecht I, 6. Aufl. 2010, 19, Rn.128.
21 Xem: iu 13 Khon 1 Lut t chc Ta n Hin php lin bang (GeschO BVerfG); Grpl, Staatsrecht
I, 3. Aufl. 2011, Rn. 1611ff.
22 Xem c th Lut v thu nhp ca thnh vin Ta n Hin php lin bang (Gesetz ber das
Amtsgehalt der Mitglieder des Bundesverfassungsgerichts) c ban hnh ngy 28/02/1964, cng b
ti Cng bo nm 1964, quyn 1, t trang 133, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 1/7/1964.
23 Theo danh mc bng lng 4, nhm R, Lut tr lng ca lin bang: Anlage IV Tabelle R zum
Bundesbesoldungsgesetz, cp nht n 28/2/2011.
24 Grpl, Staatsrecht I, 3. Aufl. 2011, Rn. 1611ff.
25 H. Maurer, Staatsrecht I, 6. Aufl. 2010, 19, Rn.128.
Mnh mun chia s kinh nghim mua bn cc loi gi r git gn^^
u tin l i xem Kino: ty tng ni m th 2 hay th 3 l Kinotag, gi v ch bng 1 na so vi v
bnh thng!!! Hay c nhng Kino c Bonuskarte, mi ln i xem h ng du ri khi th y th c
tng 1 ln xem min ph!!! Cc bn hy ch + hi xem Kino mnh hay i c dch v ny k nh!
Tht+ sn+ xng: Thng th thnh ph no cng c hp ch mi tun, mua nhng hng tht ny
th sn, xng v tht heo r hn nhiu so vi trong siu th (tr khi siu th gim gi nh!) Bnh
thng siu th sn phi 5-6 1 kg nhng ngoi ch va ti m ch c 3 1 kg, xng th 1 1kg c
ti tha h hm ph, hm sp cc kiu, ni l sn vi xng ch tht dnh trn c ng! Lm nh
hng t cng lc c 2 bt bn! Tht bng, mng gi cng thng r hn siu th nhiu.
c bit nu mnh t d dy hay ui ln, mng gi hay tim ct g cng s c ti. D dy ln
c th khi ni, va dy va ngt Mua v luc thi chm mui chanh cng c l ... thm t rau thm
chu na th m ti... hay l mai t 1 ci p gia v lm qu d dy nng gm cu H Ni nh...
Rewe: Ch mnh Rewe lun c u to+ ngon m li, qu no cng gn 3kg m ch c 5,99 1 qu. Vi
li Heie Theke ca Rewe cng hp dn lm nh: bnh m kp Wurst 1 vi li cc loi kp khc cng
ch t 1,5-2,5 m ci no ci ny to ng. G nng th hn 4 1 con xong ht cn nng nguyn, li
th ch vic vc v nu thm ni cm vi luc thm t rau l c ba thnh son^^
Dnh cho cc bn Frankfurt:
Rau qu 1/1kg y!!!! : S-Bahn Konstablerwache c 1 quy rau qu ca Th bn, nhng gi cui
ngy, thng t 6 gi ti tr i, h bn i h gi cc loi rau qu, nhiu loi 11kg ngon ti! Nht l
th 7 gi hng tun h bn siu r n ni lc no cng ng ng bu li mua. n 19 gi ti sp phi
dn hng h k thm bn kg na m bn theo... ti! Ly bao nhiu cng c, cho 1 ti nilon th c
tr 1 mang v! Nhng lc kh m chen ln mua c. Bit u y bn ang ng chn sn m
h h nh th th... c th m bc thi!
Hp ng thu nh l mt vn bn quan trng. N quy nh chi tit vic thu nh v rng buc ngi
thu v ch nh trong cc quy nh ca php lut. Bn nn c k hp ng thu nh cn thn trc
khi k.
Trc khi k hp ng thu nh, bn nn tm hiu chi tit cc vn quan trng sau:
- Tin thu nh
- Chi ph ph tr (c bit l chi ph si m)
- Tin t cc

- Ph cng chng
- Tin thu mt bng (Staffelmiete) nu c, nh vy tin thu s tng thng xuyn?
- Gii hn khng gian thu, th gian thu
- iu kin nu mun trang tr, ci to li nh thu.
Bn phi m bo rn cc tha thun c quy nh c th bng vn bn, nu ch tha thun ming
s c nhng tranh chp pht sinh sau m ngi chu thit thi lun l ngi i thu nh.
Ngoi hp ng thu nh, bn phi k mt bin bn bn giao nh (bergabeprotokoll). Vi bin bn
, bn xc nhn tnh trng ngi nh khi thu v do hy c li cn thn bin bn, bi ch nh
c th quy trch nhim khi c nhng h hng xy ra m li khng phi do bn.
Ch nh c th yu cu mt khon tin t cc. S tin c th c s dng sa cha nhng h
hng ca cn nh khi bn chuyn i, hoc thanh ton s tin thu bn n khi b i. Tng s tin t
cc tng ng khong 3 thng tin thu khng bao gm chi ph si (Kaltmiete).
Ph dch v v rc thi
Ngoi tin thu nh, bn cn phi chi tr ph dch v (Nebenkosten). Chi ph ny thng c tnh mi
nm mt ln. Cc phi ph ny bao gm: Chi ph in, nc, si, v sinh,.. Theo quy n, bn phi tr
vo u thng v nhn c bo co tng kt vo cui nm. Bn nn kim tra bo co ny mt cch
cn thn.
Ti c, rc c thu gom v x l sau khi phn loi cn thn. Thng c cc thng ring bit cho
giy v, cht thi hu c (rau, qu) v cc loi rc khc. Ngoi ra cn c cc im thu gom cho cc loi
rc khc nh thy tinh v rc c bit nh thuc nhum, sn.
L ngi hng xm tt
Theo quy nh lut php c: bn khng th gy ting n t 11 gi m ti 6 gi sng. i vi cc cn
h, th y l quy nh bt buc bn phi bit khi bn k vo hp ng thu nh. Bn s nhn c
mt bn sao cc quy nh dnh ca ta nh t ngi ch hoc n v cho thu.
Cng nhau chia s kinh nghim thc t v cc hng bo him
Mnh thch dng hng ny nht: http://www.mawista.com/
Gi c hp l, m chi tr cng nhanh chng, y .
Ni chung l c ng k online, loi hn 30 ng 1 thng, n gi ngay Vertrag vo Email cho mnh, ri
mnh in ra ri em np cho trng hoc nh chc trch l xong.
mawista.com/ ch p dng c cho sinh vin hc t 14 k tr ln hoc hc master thi th phi.
Cho nhng ngi hc D b, Hc ting v t 14 k tr ln ( k c s k hc Vit Nam)
Sinh vin hc c c quyn lm th mi ngi thn qua c thm. Cch lm cng kh n gin.
Lu bn ch lm th mi trc ngy d nh i khong 3 thng max, h ko cp sm cho mnh.
Giy t bao gm : th sinh vin, th tm tr (VISA), copy h chiu ca ngi mun mi ( ly thng
tin in form thi), a ch thng tr VN ca ngi c mi.
Ni lm: Bn mang giy t ln Immigration office (Mnh lm Freiberg, Sachen) ( mnh ko bit ting
c, cng ko bit dch ting Vit sao, ch m bn xin gia hn Visa ), ngi ta s a n cho mnh
in, hi 1 s thng tin nh h hng nh th no vi ngi c mi, qua c s u (Ba mnh ni
l ba m qua thm mnh nhng s nh d mnh, thy n ko hi thm g ). 1 ngi mi c b m,
ba mnh mi c anh mnh na, tng cng l 3, mi u n ko chu cho anh mnh, nhng ngh sao
n bo thi ko sao.
Chi ph mi 1 ngi l 25 (thng 5 /2012). Mnh mi 3 ngi cng 25 (chc lm chung 1 th mi).
Tng cng in n, hi han , k giy khong 20p. Sau bn gi bn gc v nh ngi thn lm
th tc. Bn c th vo trang web DSQ c VN ly list giy t cn thit (passport, hnh, v may
bay, bo him, chng minh ti chnh,...). Nu ngi thn >60t, phi c giy khm sc khe chng
minh iu kin i my bay dng di +du lch. Ba m mnh lm HCM, np giy t ch hi qua
thm ai,ht. 3 ngy sau c VISA. Chc bn may mn.
i mnh l sinh vin th ko cn chng minh ti chnh. Ngi c mi phi chng minh ti chnh.
Trong trng hp bn i lm, ban phi chng minh ti chnh (th ngi c mi ko cn chng
minh). Lng 2,700/thng ( sau thu, c thn) s mi c 2 ngi ( nu bn c gia nh, c con th
lng qui nh s khc v h xt bn cn tin nui con na) . Nu lng bn ko mi th bn c th

np th chn 3,000/1 ngi. Sau khi ngi c mi v nc, bn s ly li tin trn. Trong trng
hp ngi c mi trn li, bn b pht 30,000/ngi. (qui inh Regensburg thang
5/2012). VISA s l 3 thng.
1. Visa bo lnh
Visa dng cho nhng ai xin i du hc t tc ti c. Ton b giy t nn dch v cng chng ting c
Ngi i ti Vit Nam
1. 03 t khai xin Visa di hn c in v dn nh y . T khai ny phi c khai bng ting
Anh hoc ting c. Mu t khai c th xin ti SQ c.
2. H chiu ph thng hp l, c ngi i k tn.
3. Giy nhp hc ca mt trng i hc hoc cao ng c.
4. H s sinh vin bao gm: Bng v hc b cp 3, v giy bo trng tuyn i hc, giy chng nhn
ang theo hc ti mt trng i hc ti Vit Nam, bng im tnh n thi im xin i hc.
5. Ngoi ng. Cc chng trnh i hc (Diplome) u bng ting c, yu cu trnh ting c ti
thiu cp c bn II (DaF Grundstufe II - tng ng t 250 n 300 tit) lm c s sinh vin c
th tip tc theo hc mt kho hc ting c c. Cc chng trnh MSc hoc PhD c th bng ting
anh, khi yu cu ti thiu TOEFL khong 500-550, hoc IELTS khong 5-5.5.
6. S yu l lch (CV) Khai theo tng thi gian v ghi r cc thi gian sinh vin khng i hc cng nh
khng i lm.
7. L lch t php do S t php thnh ph, tnh cp.
Ngi bo lnh ti c
8. Giy bo lnh v cam kt ca ngi bo lnh bn c do S Ngoi kiu ni ngi bo lnh sng cp
trong vng 6 thng k t ngy k.
9. Chng nhn thu nhp ca ngi bo lnh. Nu gia nh ca sinh vin t tr mi chi ph lin quan
n sinh hot v hc tp ca sinh vin, th phi np mt chng nhn v vic sinh vin s hu mt ti
khon tit kim vi s tin l 6.000 Euro (su ngn).
10. Chng nhn v nh Din tch ti thiu cho 1 ngi l 9 m2
Nu trc khi vo hc i hc, sinh vin phi hc mt kho Ting c ti c, th phi c thm:
9. Giy chp nhn tham d kha hc ny do Trng i hc bn c cp, km theo bn photokopy.
10. Bng chng v vic tr tin cho kho hc (Invoice, confirmation, etc.)
Ty thuc vo mi trng hp c th, a s qun c th s yu cu thm cc giy t khc, v d
chng nhn HIV m tnh, vv. Vic ny ch thng bo bng ming cho ngi lm n bit.
2. Visa thm thn
Visa dng cho nhng ai mun sang thm thn nhn (B, m v chng, con ci, vv) ang du hc hoc
sng ti c trong thi hn di 3 thng. Ton b giy t nn dch v cng chng ting c.
Ngi i ti Vit Nam
1. 02 t n xin Visa thi hn di 90 ngy c in v dn nh y (do i s qun cp). n
ny c th khai bng Ting c, Anh, Php hoc Ting Vit.
2. H chiu ph thng Vit Nam c gi tr. H chiu ny phi c ch k ca ngi c cp
3. Giy xc nhn ca c quan ng cho ngh php i thm ngi thn, nu ngi i ang cng
tc
4. L lch t php do S t php thnh ph, tnh cp.
Ngi mi ti c
5. Giy mi v cam kt s dng mu thng nht ton lin bang theo iu 84, Khon 1 Lut Ngai kiu
Cng ha Lin bang c c S Ngai kiu ni ngi mi sng chng nhn ch k trong vng 6 thng
k t ngy k. Khi np giy ny cn np km theo hai bn photokopy. Khi nhn visa i s qun s tr
li ngi i mt bn ngi i mang theo khi i. Trong khun kh vic xem xt cp Visa cn thm tra
bit ngi mi c kh nng m bo cho cam kt ca mnh khng. Vic thm tra c th do i
s qun hoc S Ngoi kiu tin hnh.
6. Bn sao c cng chng h chiu ca ngi mi ang sng ti c, trong nht thit phi c
trang c giy php c tr.
7. Cc giy t h tch gii trnh mi quan h ca ngi mi v ngi c mi (V d: Giy khai sinh,
giy kt hn v.v..). Nu gia hai bn khng c quan h h hng, ngi mi phi c thm mt giy vit
tay ni r l do mi.
8. Chng nhn v thu nhp (Bn sao cng chng hp ng lao ng)
Sau khi c i s qun ng cp visa, ngi i c th phi trnh
9. Bo him y t du lch c gi tr cho c thi gian sang thm. Bo him ny c th mua ti cc c quan
bo him Cng ha Lin bang c.
10. V my bay kh hi.
Ty vo mi trng hp i s qun c th yu cu trnh thm cc giy t khc. v d chng nhn HIV

m tnh, vv. Vic ny ch thng bo bng ming cho ngi lm n bit

3. Visa on t (Visum fr Familienzusammen)
Visa dng cho nhng ai mun sang on t vi v hoc chng ang du hc hoc sng ti c. Ton b
giy t nn dch v cng chng ting c.
Ngi i ti Vit Nam
1. 03 t khai xin Visa di hn c in v dn nh y . T khai ny phi c khai bng ting
Anh hoc ting c. Mu t khai c th xin ti SQ c.
2. H chiu ph thng Vit Nam c gi tr. H chiu ny phi c ch k ca ngi c cp
3. Giy xc nhn ca c quan ng cho ngh vic i on t gia nh, nu ngi i ang cng tc
4. L lch t php do S t php thnh ph, tnh cp.
Ngi mi ti c
5. Giy mi v cam kt s dng mu thng nht ton lin bang theo iu 84, Khon 1 Lut Ngai kiu
Cng ha Lin bang c c S Ngai kiu ni ngi mi sng cp v chng nhn ch k trong vng
6 thng k t ngy k. Khi np giy ny cn np km theo hai bn photokopy. Khi nhn visa i s
qun s tr li ngi i mt bn ngi i mang theo khi i. Trong khun kh vic xem xt cp Visa
cn thm tra bit ngi mi c kh nng m bo cho cam kt ca mnh khng. Vic thm tra
c th do i s qun hoc S Ngoi kiu tin hnh. c c giy mi ny, ngi mi phi chun b
cc giy t sau (6, 7, 8, 9, 10) mang n S ngoi kiu lm th tc.
6. n xin bo lnh s dng mu do S ngoi kiu cp. Ngi mi c th phi thm mt giy vit tay
ni r l do mi.
7. Bn sao cng chng h chiu ca ngi mi ang sng ti c, trong nht thit phi c trang c
giy php c tr hoc Visa di hn (trn 2 nm).
8. Cc giy t h tch gii trnh mi quan h ca ngi mi v ngi c mi (V d: Giy khai sinh,
ng k kt hn v.v..).
9. Chng nhn v thu nhp (Bn sao cng chng hp ng lao ng)
10. Chng nhn v nh (Hp ng nh) Din tch ti thiu cho 1 ngi l 9 m2
Sau khi c i s qun ng cp visa, ngi i c th phi trnh
11. Bo him y c th mua ti cc c quan bo him Cng ha Lin bang c.
12. V my bay.
Ty thuc vo mi trng hp c th, a s qun c th s yu cu thm cc giy t khc, v d
chng nhn HIV m tnh, vv. Vic ny ch thng bo bng ming cho ngi lm n bit.
4. Visa kt hn
Visa dng cho nhng ai mun sang kt hn vi ngi ang c tr hp php ti c. Ton b giy t
nn dch v cng chng ting c.
Ngi i:
1. 03 t n xin cp Visa di hn (n ny do i s qun cp min ph). n phi khai bng Ting Anh
hoc Ting c.
2. H chiu ph thng Vit Nam c gi tr ca ngi i.
3. Cc giy t h tch phi np km:
a. Giy chng nhn c thn do y ban nhn dn x/phng ca ngi i cp
b. Nu li hn, phi c bn n li hn,
c. Bng chng v vic d nh kt hn bn c, v d:
Giy xc nhn ca Phng h tch c hoc
Giy cng b ca phng h tch v cuc hn nhn hoc
n xin min giy chng nhn iu kin kt hn
Cc giy t nu trn phi np bn gc (hoc bn sao c cng chng). Nu ng s c giy chng
nhn iu kin kt hn, th khng phi np cc giy mc a), b), c) nu trn.
Ngi mi:
4. Mt t n (khng theo mu) mi i kt hn
5. Bn sao h chiu cng chng
6. Giy ng k thng tr
7. Chng nhn v nh Din tch ti thiu cho 1 ngi l 9 m2
Ty thuc vo mi trng hp v trn c s kin ca S Ngoi kiu c, i s qun c th yu cu
thm cc giy t khc.
5. Visa bo lnh ca GS
Visa dng cho nhng ai c GS c nhn vo lm NCS. Ton b giy t nn dch v cng chng ting
c
Ngi i ti Vit Nam

1. 03 t khai xin Visa di hn c in v dn nh y . T khai ny phi c khai bng ting

Anh hoc ting c. Mu t khai c th xin ti SQ c.
2. H chiu ph thng hp l, c ngi i k tn.
3. Giy bo lnh ca GS.
4. L lch t php do S t php thnh ph, tnh cp.
Ty thuc vo mi trng hp c th, a s qun c th s yu cu thm cc giy t khc, v d
chng nhn HIV m tnh, vv. Vic ny ch thng bo bng ming cho ngi lm n bit.

Sau tm 10 pht, professor quay li v c bi mnh, gt g mt t ri mi mnh sang phng bn.

phng bn c thm 1 professor n ngi ch sn v mt bc prof bo khng khip ngi ngh gc
phng. Ni chung hai prof phng vn mnh rt thn thin. u tin l prof nam yu cu mnh introduce
yourself, your family, your characteristics ri hi mnh why you want to study in Germany? In which
university? Mnh tr li phn gii thiu bn thn ngn gn, ri ni ti tt nghip ngnh ti chnh ngn
hng, v mun hc ln cao hc c. Thc t l trong u ngh l chc ng b bit tha ti chn c
v hc ph r, nhng mm ni ra vn cc k ng yu l v vo nm 3 ti c tip cn vi mt s
tc phm trit hc ca c (Kant, ng l c c tht) v rt khm phc tr tu c. Ngoi ra th ngi
c c c tnh rt tuyt vi l disciplined, ci chnh l ci m banking system of Vietnam cn
thiu, v ti mun c cm nhn trong nn vn ha
Tip l mnh ni trng mnh chn l Uni Frankfurt, v trng ny l trng o to rt tt v
Finance v nm trung tm ti chnh ca c. Bc prof nam bi thm l y cng chnh l trung tm
v philosophy ca c. Th l bc prof n tip mt chng na, hi mnh Could you tell me how can
philosophy and the banking system can link to each other, because you said that philosophy is related
to everything? Nghe cu ny mnh ng ngi ra (lc trc ngu di khai rng b mnh l politician
v interested in philosophy, ci nim yu thch truyn qua mnh), v sau phi tng i cht
vt th hin ci link thng qua gii thch v critical thinking. Chc do cu ny m cht lng
cuc phng vn b gim st, v nghe mnh xong th bc nam bo tao chng thy c ci link no, cn
bc n th bo ti c thy . Hai bc prof ci nhiu, tuy nhin khng thy bc prof n nhn xt
ming gut, gut nh trn TTVNOL phn nh pht no m vit lin tc. Xong phn th bc prof nam
bt u cha bi, OK v bc cho 1 bi mi bng cch vit ra mt cng thc v yu cu tnh ton. Nhn
ci cng thc mnh bit chc l hc qun tr ngn hng, nhng nht thi qun mt (thc ra ch
tr cho thy), bc prof li vit qu thu nn khng th lun ra ni. Bc prof nam bit nn cng mm
mnh tr li bng cch nhy vo khai trin, sau mt hi nhn ng cui cng mnh cng ni ra c ci
t m bc y mun, chc phng vn c ngy mt, ca cui nn bc sung sng h exactly! cho
bc prof n vit vo nhn xt, sau thng bo kt thc bui phng vn v chc mnh may mn.
Hai ngy sau, chiu th su 11/5 c alo ca bn chuyn pht bo ln ly. Lc cng tham ma
bn TTVNOL, gi in cha chc qua nn mnh cng t tn, khng st sng ln ly lm (cng v
hm l dy 3 lp IELTS nn tng i mt).
Sng hm sau ang nhn nha lau nh th li c gi, ln ny quyt nh phi n v cm ci phong b,
anh trc vn phng bo l b to l u ri em, cn mt chng b nh trt anh ang ngi gi. Nghe anh
ni m mnh bc phong b cng thy vui tay. Gi ra, thy Gute Kenntnisse, tr mt ra nhn.
Nhiu khi, cuc i n cng u i. Tuy nhin, mnh cng nhn ra APS cng khng qu kh. Ch cn lm
ch c ngn ng, t tin khi ni, v kin thc nn vn cn in du trong u l c 70% u.Tt
nhin, mnh c Admission ri, tc l vng chn, nn tinh thn thoi mi. N rt khc vi vic ch

c mt la chn l du hc c, khi APS s p lc ging nh thi i hc vy. Nu c li khuyn, th

mnh ch xin ni l: ng b b n nh mnh, hy o b APS cn thn, bn s c Sehr Gute (nh cc
bn ca mnh, hc ht ton b cc mn trong bng im) v nu c th th nn tm thm mt k hoch
B.
Bi vit gii thiu s b v h thng gio dc c.
Hin nay, ti c c khong 312 trng i hc v rt nhiu trng dy ngh. t lu, h thng gio
dc ca c ni ting vi s sng lc rt khe kht. T giai on ph thng trung hc, hc sinh c
nh hng ngh nghip v ch c nhng hc sinh kh gii sau khi hon thnh tt 13 nm hc trung
hc, hc sinh mi c tip tc theo hc ti cc trng i hc.
Ngoi ra, h thng gio dc ca c l mt h thng o to cht lng cao hin i gn vi thc tin.
Vi nguyn tc c bn l khuyn khch tim lc t ngi hc, cc trng i hc c lun hng ti
m rng quan h hp tc, tng cc chng trnh hc trao i, chng trnh o to Quc t nhm to
danh ting v nng gi tr vn bng tt nghip. Nh cc chng trnh o to c rt phong ph,
a dng v rt ci m.
Ngy nay, trc nhng i hi ngy cng cao ca th trng lao ng, cc trng i hc c t ra
tiu chun, sau khi tt nghip Sinh vin phi thnh tho t nht 2 ngoi ng. Bi vy cc chng trnh
o to thng kt hp ging dy bng ting c v mt th ting khc nh Anh, Php..v.v. Ngoi kin
thc v bng cp c c, Sinh vin hc ti c cn c nhng th mnh v ngoi ng v cc kin thc
thc t trong qu trnh thc tp v lm vic.
Tri qua nhiu th k, nc c tr thnh ni o to v nghin cu mang tm quc t ca cc nh
Bc hc v sinh vin khp ni trn th gii. Quc gia ny lun t ho v c n 1/3 nhn ti trn th
gii cng vi hng triu k s vng vng v chuyn mn v cc nh khoa hc ni ting tng c
o to ti t nc ca h.
H thng gio dc ca c c xy dng theo hai loi hnh o to, l h thng cc trng i hc
tng hp v cc trng i hc khoa hc ng dng.
H thng cc trng i hc tng hp (Uni, TU): vi cc chng trnh ging dy lun phi c
tun th v nh hng theo nghin cu da trn nguyn tc duy nht: S thng nht trong nghin
cu v ging dy. H thng nhng trng ny lun ng vai tr nng ct trong gio dc i hc c
t trc n nay.
H thng cc trng i hc khoa hc ng dng (FH): chng trnh o to nh hng thc
tin, chuyn su vo kin thc ngh nghip v k nng chuyn mn. Cc chng trnh o to lun
c t chc, sp xp cht ch nn thi gian hc tp c rt ngn hn (thng thng l 4 nm). c
bit sinh vin ca cc trng thc hnh c th d dng xin vic sau khi tt nghip v phn ln cc
doanh nghip c cng nh doanh nghip Vit Nam u mun tuyn dng nhng nhn vin c tay
ngh v thc hnh gii.
Ngnh hc:

Bt k l bn mun hc ngnh hc no; c kh, k thut, kinh t hay cc ngnh khoa hc vt liu mi,
khoa hc x hi hay kin trc, hi ha..v.v, cc trng i hc c lun sn sng tip nhn bn.
Ngoi ra, ti cc trng i hc ca c, c rt nhiu cc chuyn khoa mi c m ra cc mn khoa
hc lin ngnh nh Tin hc kinh t; Kinh t xy dng, kinh t bt ng sn, cng ngh sinh hc..v.v.
Cc mn hc ny ang thu ht rt nhiu sinh vin n t cc nc trn Th Gii trong c c cc
sinh vin thuc khi chu u.
Tt c cc ngnh hc y u c o to rt bi bn v c k hoch rt r rng. c bit, cc
trng H y cn hp tc vi nhiu trng H trn Th gii, cng lin kt t chc cc kha hc
bng ting Anh. Cc kha hc c t chc 1 hoc 2 k ti c, 1 hoc 2 k nc ngoi (Anh, M, H
Lanv.v)
-Hc ting: c rt nhiu la chn vs hc ph khc nhau, mnh hc vin Gt kha siu tc trong 6
thng, theo gi nm nay( c v mi nm tng 500k/thng) l 4 triu/thng=>6x4= 24triu
+Nu thi ZD: 1tr700k
-Dch giy t: ty s lng i vs cc giy t t ting Vit-->c: 70k/1 bn dch+ 20k cho chng thc
mi t( gi ca H H Ni), chng thc bn sao cc giy t ko phi dch: vi chc ngn. Tng cng t
vi trm, nhiu th khong 1 triu
- APS: 150 $+ph np Vietcombank l khong 50k
-M ti khon: 850k ph chng thc ch k
- Gi h s xin hc sang c: mi trng khong ~ 1 triu, nu trng qua uni assist th thm 68Eu
cho trng v thm 15Eu cho mi trng tip theo u tin.
Nu quen ai bn c c th tin tng c th gi ton b cho ngi y ngi ta gi h cho cc
trng th s r hn..
-Visa: 60Eu
- V my bay: khong 12~20tr
-Tin c nh trong ti khon: 8040Eu
-Tin n nu bn ko H ni cho 6-7 thng: khong 15 triu
===>Nh vy ngoi 8040Eu ra th bn nn cn thm t nht 70 triu na, tng cng khong 300tr
Bn nh du v in l Bn mun nhp hc vo Hc k, nm hc v ti Trng no
1. Thng tin v Ngnh hc
1.1 Ngnh hc chnh (nm na "nguyn vng 1")
Ngnh hc chnh: in vo Ngnh hc chnh ca Bn
Ngnh hc chnh th hai hay Ngnh hc ph th nht: in vo Ngnh hc chnh th hai hay Ngnh
hc ph th nht (nu c)
Ngnh hc ph th hai: in vo mn hc ph th hai (nu c)
Bng cp mun t cho nguyn vng 1: nh du vo tng xng cho Bng cp Bn mun t
1.2 Ngnh hc "nguyn vng 2" (nu khng c th b khng)
Tng t NV1
Phn "Fachsemester" Bn ch cn in vo, khi Bn mun c xt vo mt Hc k khc vi Hc k
u, tc Hc k 2, 3, 4 v. v... ca Ngnh ny ti Trng Bn np n. Ch hp l trong trng hp Bn
hc nhiu hn 4 Hc k hay Tt nghip i hc ti Vit Nam.
2. Thng tin c nhn (nh c ghi trong H chiu)
H ca Bn
Tn v tn m
Gii tnh (nam, n)
Ngy, thng, nm sinh / Ni sinh / Quc tch

3. a ch lin lc
Ti y Bn in a ch m Trng i hc s gi cc giy t n, c th ti c hay bt c ni no
khc. Bn nh ghi y , chnh xc v d c. Khi ngi nhn th khng phi l ch danh Bn, Bn
ghi tn ngi nhn th gip vo "c/o".
c/o: Tn ngi nhn th (nu khng phi Bn)
ng, s nh
M bu in (Vit Nam cha c) Thnh ph/Qun, Huyn v. v...
Quc gia / S in thoi/Fax / eMail
4. a ch c tr (nu khc mc 3.)
Tng t mc 3.pp
5. Thng tin v qu trnh Hc tp
Tt c nhng thng tin ti y phi vit bng ch in v c chng minh bng cc bn sao y c cng
chng v dch thut sang ting c hay ting Anh km theo n ny.
Qu trnh hc Ph thng: T lc no n lc no, ti Trng no, u
Bng Tt nghip Ph thng: Tt nghip lc no, tn gi nguyn vn, ca Quc gia no
C tham gia k thi tuyn i hc: c/khng, ngy, thng, nm thi v tn gi nguyn vn
Studienkolleg: Nu Bn hc ti mt Studienkolleg c hay Thi kim tra cht lng tng
ng, Bn nu r lc no, u v bao nhiu ln
o to i hc, hc Ngh, Chuyn tu, Thc tp: Trong khong thi gian no, ti u, nc no, Bng
cp g. Thi khng t cng cn c khai
Nhng cng vic khc trc khi np n ny
6. Trnh ngoi ng
6.1 Trnh ting c
Bn c hc ting c? c / khng
Ti u / Trnh g / Bao nhiu tit?
Tn gi chnh xc ni hc ting c
Tn gi chnh xc Chng ch ting c
Ngy, thng, nm v ni t Chng ch ting c (chng minh!)
Bn c thi TestDaF? c / khng - nu c, kt qu
Bn c ang hc ting c? c / khng
Nu c, tn gi chnh xc ni hc ting c (chng minh!)
6.2 Cc ngoi ng khc
Ting Anh / Ting khc / Chng ch / Kt qu
7. Cc cu hi khc
7.1 Ti chnh:
Bn c Hc bng? c / khng
Ca T chc no? (chng minh!)
Cch khc (t nguyn)
7.2 Bn c c cng nhn T nn ti CHLB c?
c / khng - Nu c, chng minh
7.3 Ngnh ng k c hc ti nc Bn c khng?
c / khng
7.4 Bn c thuc tiu s ni ting c hi ngoi khng?
c / khng - Tn g? Chng minh

7.5 Bn tham gia Chng trnh trao i Sinh vin vi Trng ny?
c / khng - Tn Chng trnh? Trng Bn
8. Cc ni ng k khc
Trc y Bn c np n vo Trng ny cha?
c, cho Hc k ma ng nm hc XX/XX cho Hc k ma h nm hc XX
khng
Bn nu ra tt c cc Trng Bn / s np n cho Hc k ti
9. Nhng l do c bit chn ni ny hc
(Nu cn, c th thm mt t mi)
10. n xin tham gia k Thi nh gi cht lng tng ng
10.1 Bn c mun Hc k ti c nhn vo D b i hc cho Sinh vin nc ngoi chun b cho k
Thi nh gi cht lng tng ng (Feststellungsprfung - FSP)?
c / khng
Bn tham gia k Thi tuyn vo mt Trng D b i hc cha?
c / khng
Nu c, bao nhiu ln? Lc no? u?
10.2 Bn c mun tham gia thng k Thi nh gi cht lng tng ng sp ti (tc khng thng
qua hc D b i hc)?
c / khng
11. n xin tham gia Kha hc ting
Bn c mun tham gia mt Kha hc ting ph hp vi Ngn ng ging dy cho 1. khng?
c / khng (Bn xem k iu kin ca Trng)
Ti cam oan l nhng g ti khai trn y l y v ng. Cc giy t cn thit (Giy xc nhn,
Chng ch v. v.) c km theo. Ti bit l nhng thng tin sai -c hay v - l phm php v c th
dn n bc n ng k hay -nu pht hin tr hn- ci chnh li quyt nh cho nhp hc ca ti.
Ti xc nhn l ti bit r cc iu kin nhp hc.
Ni / ngy, thng, nm / K tn
uni assist
+ln web ng k ti khon v ng nhp vo ti khon ca mnh
https://www.uni-assist.de/online/Registrierung?lang=en
+in thng tin vo cc mc theo tng bc, tm trng , chn ngnh tham gia trong ti khon uni
assist ca mnh.
+khi in xong tt c thng tin ca mnh theo tng bc th in ra 1 file t application m mnh va
in thng tin ri k tn vo
+gi cc h s cn thit (t application m m va in v k tn, bng cao ng,bng im cao
ng, bng cp 3, APS, TestAS, passport, cmnd, xc nhn hc ting or bng ting c, bng anh vn
nu c) qua ng buu in. (ko c ng k sai khi ngnh vi ngnh m hoc o vn. dang k sai n
s ko chuyn tip h s of m m cn ku m thay i,nh vy mt time, ph gi bdien na)

+ Np ph qua ti khon bank cho h. nu chuyn t vn th khi hon thnh cc bc in thng tin trn
ti khon uni-assist va to th mail cho n xin giy xc nhn ng tin ra bank ng tin cho n.
(nu c ng bn c chuyn tin dm th ko phi xin mail ny)
+theo di trng thi h s ca m tren ti khon ca mnh c j trc trc,thay i th mail ni n lien tuc.
Hm nay t m, c c trang cc bc ng k v np h s xin Zu ca cc trng trc thuc uni
assist. Hn 100 trng i hc c ng k uni assist. Sau y l cc bc ng k.
Bc 1: To ti khon uni assist.
https://www.uni-assist.de/online/Registrierung?lang=en
Bc 2: i 1 lt, sau khi nhn c mail. bn ng nhp vo ti khon va to.
https://www.uni-assist.de/online/Frontend/Login/index
Bc 3: tr li cc cu hi.
https://www.uni-assist.de/online/Grundfragen/Default/index
(cc bn n lu v tip tc nh)
Bc 4: tm kha hc ( summer/winter), chn trng hc, chn ngnh hc. => sau n start search.
Bc 5: to h s xin hc. nhn CREATE APPLICATION to h s.
Bc 6: xem li v in cc thng tin cho n xin hc
Sau khi thnh cng, s xut hin Application created successfully
Bc 7: in n v chun b giy t cn thit:
n ng k i hc v h s Bn gi theo a ch sau:
Tn Trng i hc Bn chn
c/o uni-assist e.V.
Helmholtzstr. 2-9
10587 Berlin
GERMANY
Bc 8: chuyn tin l ph xt h s.
http://www.uni-assist.de/regulation-fees.html
Ch ti khon: uni-assist e.V.
Ti khon s: 523 749 001
Ngn hng: Berliner Bank
M Ngn hng: 100 708 48
IBAN: DE10100708480523749001
BIC/SWIFT-Code: DEUTDEDB110
V trong phn ni dung, Bn ghi r:

Nc xut x ca Bn (Vit Nam)

Ngy, thng, nm sinh ca Bn
H ca Bn
Tn ca Bn
Hc k Bn mun nhp hc
S ng k ca uni-assist, nu c
Bc 9: gi h s ( km theo bin lai chuyn tr tin ph hoc giy k tn chp nhn tr bng th tn
dng n a ch ca Uni-Assist ti Berlin)

Bc 10: nh nhn mail v chun b.

Cc bn lu l:
Mi ln np h s, Bn phi chuyn khon l ph thm nh l 68 EUR cho n ng k i hc u
tin v 15 EUR cho mi n ng k i hc tip theo ti mt Trng i hc tham gia uni-assist:
V d: nu bn chuyn cho 4 trng i hc m c 4 trng u tham gia uni assist th s tin phi
ng l: 68+15+15+15+15=113 euro
nu 4 trng m c 2 trng tham gia uni assist th bn ng 68+15=83 euro.
Zulassungsvoraussetzung
Ein Studium kann aufnehmen, wer mindestens einen Bachelor-Abschluss mit 180 ECTS-Credits oder
einen hherwertigen akademischen Abschluss und die erforderlichen Kenntnisse der deutschen
Sprache besitzt. Zustzlich werden englische Sprachkenntnisse auf dem Niveau B1+ nach dem
Gemeinsamen Europischen Referenzrahmen fr Sprachen des Europarates bentigt. Die Hochschule
prft die fachlichen Voraussetzungen der Studienbewerber in einem Eignungstest. Dieser enthlt fr
auslndische Studienbewerber zustzlich die berprfung der sprachlichen Voraussetzungen.
Auslndische Bewerber, die keine ausreichenden Kenntnisse der deutschen Sprache nachweisen
knnen, haben die Mglichkeit, einen Sprachkurs mit anschlieender DSH-Prfung zu belegen.
http://www.institute.hs-mittweida.de/index.php?id=735
Trng Tu Freberg c h Master ngnh kinh t bng dy bng ting anh, cng nhn tri ngnh. Bn ca
ad VN hc ngnh ha hc, sau i lm lin quan n kinh t, m vn xin c Zu vo hc.
Tt nhin cn nhiu trng na, nhng ad khng th bit ht c.
Khi cc bn tm hiu, th trong ci Voraussetzung ca n ghi rt r iu kin c nhn Zulassung.
Rt nhiu bn tr bn khon v vn nn mang theo nhng g khi i du hc. Liu bn x l c y
mi th m mnh vn quen dng nh Vit Nam hay khng.
Chng ta hay cng nhau tham kho mt s kinh nghim ca cc bndu hc sinh c th chun b
mt cch tt nht cho mnh nh.
Trung bnh mi du hc sinh thng ch c em theo 3040 kg hnh l.
Mt s gi di y s gip bn c c hnh trang du hc gn nh v hp l:
Qun o
a s cc bn chun b i du hc u mua kh nhiu qun o, vi tm l tit kim v cho rng mua
qun o nh r hn. Tuy nhin, kinh nghim truyn li t cc du hc sinh cho thy qun o li l th
nn t em theo nht.
cc nc thng c hai ma h gi ln mi nm: ma ng v ma h. Lc ny gi c cc mt
hng, c bit l qun o, gim mnh, bn hon ton c th mua qun o mi, cht lng tt, hp thi
trang v ph hp vi thi tit ni bn theo hc, c bit vi qun o dnh cho ma ng. V th, tt
nht bn ch nn em theo qun o (khng nht thit phi mua mi) cn thit v mc cho 1-2
thng u.
Thuc men
y l mt trong nhng th khng th thiu trong hnh l du hc. Khng ging nh Vit Nam, ti
nhiu nc trn th gii, v d nh M v cc nc chu u, bn ch c mua thuc cha bnh nu c
toa thuc ca bc s v thng phi mt t nht mt tun mi c th t lch hn khm.
Do , bn nn chun b sn cc loi thuc cm st thng thng khi cn c th dng ngay. Bn

cnh , nn em theo cc loi thuc c tr nh au bao t, vim xoang nu bn bit r bnh ca

mnh.
Nhu yu phm
Ngoi nhng dng ti thiu phi s dng hng ngy nh bn chi nh rng, khn mt, sa tm,
nhng vt dng khc bn khng nht thit phi mua t Vit Nam. Mu m hng ha a dng vi gi
tin ph hp s cho bn nhiu la chn mua sm nc m bn theo hc.
Tuy nhin, nn em theo ko v tng ct tc (i vi cc bn nam) v gi ct tc nc ngoi rt
t (nhiu bn nam thng tranh th dp h v Vit Nam ct u inh hoc co trc tit kim khon
tin ny).
Giy t
Bn nn chun b mt b h s bao gm bn sao cc loi giy t cn thit nh h chiu, chng minh
nhn dn, giy khai sinh, vn bng chng ch, bng im c cng chng, phng khi cn thit. c
bit, bn nn em theo nhiu hnh th (c 34 v c passport) v chp hnh th mt s nc, nh
cc nc phng Ty, khng r v bn thng phi t chp bng my t ng nn c th khng p.
Thc n
Nhng ch trng trong vali nn c lp y bng n Vit Nam l kinh nghim m gii du hc
sinh truyn t li. Thi gian u khi bn cha quen vi thc n bn a, n em theo t Vit Nam,
c bit l m gi, s l cu tinh ca bn. D cc nc u c siu th chu , nhng a s u bn
thc phm Trung Quc, t Vit Nam, gia v Vit (bt nm, gia v ph, b kho) v th li cng him,
nu c th mi v cng khng m . Do vi nhng bn d nh t nu n th ng qun em theo
ni cm in v gia v.
Nhng vt dng khc
u chuyn in nht thit phi c trong vali i du hc ca bn, v cm in cc nc rt khc
nhau. Bn c th tm mua loi u chuyn a nng, dng c cho mi loi cm, rt tin dng v c
th em theo khi i du lch cc nc.
Ngoi ra bn cng nn chun b cc loi a ci windows v phn mm my tnh phng khi laptop ca
bn gp trc trc; mt s qu lu nim n gin (bookmark, bu thip); ti ng (nu bn d nh i
du lch nhiu); hnh nh ca gia nh, ngi thn v bn b (s rt hu ch trong thi gian u xa nh,
chng s khin bn cm gic nh c gia nh v bn b bn cnh).
i vi cc bn i hc nhng nc s dng xe p rng ri nh H Lan, nn em theo mt b v xe
n gin, v cng v v sa xe nhng nc ny kh t .
Cui cng, th quan trng nht m bn khng th thiu trong hnh trang du hc l tm l sn sng
sng t lp mt cch ng ngha nht, v bn s phi t lo liu cuc sng ca mnh, t vic hc n
nhng vic nh nht nh mua go, nc mm, mui.
Mt s kinh nghim khc
Ln u tin ra nc ngoi hc tp, xa ngi thn, bn b, li khng c kinh nghim g c, chc hn
bn s gp v vn nhng kh khn trong thi k u ny, v d nhin, nhng kh khn s lm kt
qu hc tp ca bn khng cao. gip bn b ng trong ln u tin i du hc, chng ti xin cung
cp cho bn mt s kinh nghim qu gi m nhng lu hc sinh i trc c kt c.
1 Bn cn mang g v lm g trc khi ra sn bay i du hc ?
- Bn nn c y thng tin v: thi tit, t gi tin t, phong tc tp qun v nc bn n
- H chiu cn thi hn v visa nhp cnh vo nc bn sang hc
- Th mi nhp hc ca trng (phi nh v nm r tn, a ch ca trng, ngi n sn bay, nhn
vin ph trch sinh vin quc t ca trng, hoc gia nh homestay).
- V my bay.
- Giy t bo him.
- Nn mang theo b h s chng minh ti chnh m bn np vo s qun xin visa, ti liu ny rt

cn thit cho bn gia hn kho hc.

- Cc giy t lin quan n qu trnh hc tp ca bn (cng chng v c dch sang ting Anh).
- Tin chi tiu
- nh ca gia nh v bn b rt cn cho bn nhng khi nh nh trong nhng ngy u xa t quc.
- S ghi a ch v s in thoi, email.
- Mt cun s vit nht k
- Mang theo thuc d phng nh thuc ho, du xoa, thuc au u, cm st, nh mi, au bng i
ngoi v khng sinh
- Thng thng mi sinh vin khng c mang qu 25 kg, bn nn kim tra li xem hng ca mnh c
b qu cn hay khng.
- em theo 1 th sinh vin quc t.
- Mang theo 20 chic nh c 34 v 46 sang lm cc loi th.
- Hnh l phi dn tn v a ch ni bn s n.
- Ghi li ton b c ng gi trong mi valy v thng hng c th trnh bo khi tht lc hoc
tin tm khi bn n ni cui.
- Khng mang nhng m nc bn cm hoc khng khuyn khch.
2 Nhng iu bn cn lu khi ti sn bay nc bn.
- Khi my bay h cnh bn nn n quy All other Passpost holders hoc Asian Passpost holders
lm th tc nhp cnh
- Cho hi nhn vin nhp c mt cch lch s v a cho h giy t ca bn, bao gm h chiu, t
khai nhp cnh v v my bay. i khi h hi bn s nc h trong bao lu? hc g, u? bn phi
chun b sn giy t a cho h xem. Nu h thc mc ngh h gi in v trng ni bn ng k
hc hai bn t gii quyt.
- Bn nh k hiu chuyn bay ra bng chuyn ly hnh l. Mn hnh v tuyn s ch r cho bn hnh
l ca bn s c tr ti bng chuyn no.
- Khng mang h qu ca ngi l gi khi khng bit l h gi g.
- Bn nn n quy thng tin h ch gip bn cch bay tip hoc i bng 1 phng tin no nh
taxi, bus
3 Cch thng tin v cho gia nh bit bn n ni an ton
- Nu bn TP HCM bn phi quay theo m s: 00 84 8 v s c nh ca nh bn ti TPHCM.
- Nu bn H Ni bn phi quay theo m s: 00 84 4 v s c nh ca nh bn ti H Ni.
- Nu bn quay s di ng bn phi quay theo m s: 00 84 v s di ng bn cn gi (Lu phi b
s 0 u trc s 9) V d: Nu l s 0913 557486 th bn ch quay 00 84 913 557486.
4 Cch lm quen vi phong cch v li sng mi.
- i vi sinh vin ln u mi ra nc ngoi, tuy vn hc tp vn c t ln hng u nhng bn
cng nn quan tm n vic kt bn v tm ch n . Kh nng thch ng vn ho s dn n nhng
thnh cng trong hc tp, giao tip cng nh sc kho ca c nhn bn.
- Khi bn n hc mt nc no , bn s phi tham gia vo mt nn vn ha mi rt nng ng,
a dng, mt t nc mi. Mc d bn gii quan st v hiu r v nhng bn hc ngi nc ,
nhng i khi bn vn ngc nhin v hnh vi ca h. Cho nn bn s phi lm g trong khi ch i? u
tin hy ci v th gin. Sau quan st v nghe ngng. Hy bit cm nhn s khc bit vn ho m
bn va khm ph ra theo mt cch hi hc.
- S ng gi ngang vi s tn trng nc ngoi, ngi ta rt coi trng s nhanh nhn v cch
nhanh nht nh mt s tn trng ca h l n mun. Nu bn n mun d ch 5 pht trong mt
cuc phng vn, bn c th nh mt quyn tham d ca mnh. Bt c mt s tr hn no cng b cho
l thiu tn trng. Nu bn ch nh mt th, th l: hy n ng gi, hoc thm ch n sm. Nu
khng th n ng hn hy lun bit xin li.
- Mt ci bt tay l mt li cho, cho d bn l nam hay n, gi hay tr l kiu tip xc gia nhng

ngi bn. Nhng bn hy lu nu l ngi l th thng trnh chm vo ngi khc, thm ch trong
m ng nu chng may bn chm phi mt ngi l hy lun ni xin li.
- Bn hy nn ch ng gi khong cch 3 bc vi ngi l v bn hc, thm ch l trong sut cuc
ni chuyn hay i ng trong hng. Khi bn thu hp li khong cch , h c th cm thy khng
thoi mi.
- Bt c khi no cm thy khng bit th bn hy quan st mi ngi xung quanh. V nu chng may
c mt s nhm ln no bn hy ci v hi Whats wrong?
- Hy lng trc l bn s phi chu ng qa trnh thch ng v vn ho, thm ch c khi bn l ngi
c kh nng thch ng tt.
- Tm mt s bn ng hng v ni v cm gic ca mnh.
- Tham gia vo cc hot ng ca trng nh: th thao, cu lc b sinh vin hoc nhng cng vic ti
trng. Lp ra mt nhm bn b.
- Nu c ai mi bn dng ba th bn hy ni c. Nu khng bn s mt c hi. Nu khng c ai mi
th bn hy ch ng mi mt ai .
- Theo di nhng du hiu suy yu v sc kho nh mt ng, chn nhy hi nhng ngi bn thn
hoc trung tm t vn sc kho ca trng.
- Hy chun b mt s cu chuyn lm quen vi cc bn sinh vin nc s ti, c th l v thi tit, th
thao, hay nhng ngy l, v cc thnh vin trong gia nh h. S thnh cng trong vic thch ng c
vi nn vn ho mi tht l tuyt vi. S ho hp vi mt nn vn ho khc s gip bn rt nhiu
trong cuc sng sau ny.
5/ Mt s iu cn ch v hc tp cch hc t hiu qu cao.
- Cc bn phi trang b cho mnh kh nng ngoi ng tht tt theo hc cc chuyn ngnh ca cc
bn (ting Anh, php, c, Trung, Nht tu theo nc m cc bn theo hc).
- Thng thng sinh vin phi nghe ging trn ging ng, ph thm l cc hot ng tr ging trong
cc nhm nh ni m bn c th thoi mi trao i v trnh by mi tng vi gio vin, qu trnh
ny gip bn ny sinh nhiu sng kin v tm ra nhng hng i mi, bn nn mnh dn t tin s
dng tt nhng thi gian ny. Mc d mi quan h gia gio vin v sinh vin rt cht ch nhng ch
yu vn l vic t hc.
- V bn khng bt buc phi ln lp do vy c rt nhiu thi gian t hc nn vic t chc v sp
xp vic t hc rt quan trng. Nn ch cn bng gia vic hc v vic chi.
- Bn phi nghe ging nh th no? Bn phi t gic n trng nghe ging, nu bn nh hc mt bui
bn s thy hu qu ngay lp tc.
- Nu bn b nh 1 bui hc th nn mn v ghi chp ca cc bn b xung ngay.
- Nu c th bn nn c ti liu trc khi n nghe ging, bn s d dng hiu bi hn.
- Bn nn bao qut thng tin, ghi chp nhanh nhng chnh, km theo cc lu ca gio vin hng
dn, cc ph lc bn cn phi c v nghin cu thm.
- Sau khi nghe ging xong, cc bn nn c li hiu cc vn chnh v ghi li cho c h thng v
b xung nhng vn nghin cu thm hoc tham kho c mt bi hc hon chnh.
- Phong cch hc c nh gi rt cao khi bn bit c lp suy ngh v t tin.
Vn hc v ngn ng c (Germanistik)
Thng tin tm tt: Sinh vin ngnh Germanistik nghin cu v cc th loi vn bn, t th tnh c
(Minnensang), phng bin qung b bu c cho ti gi tng. Nhiu ngi nh gi thp s g b ca
vn bn. 50% s sinh vin hc Germanistik u mun tr thnh gio vin. Cc chng ch b sung s
nng cao c hi ngh nghip.
Hc vn v ngn ng c: Hc nhng g?

SMS thay i cch tip cn vi ngn ng ca chng ta ra sao? Nhng im c bit no ni bt trong
cc truyn k ca Fonntan? Truyn thng, gc gc ca gia nh Buddenbrook th no? Sinh vin ngnh
Germanistik tm hiu mt cch c khoa hc v ngn ng v vn hc c trong qu kh v hin ti. H
c th, tiu thuyt v truyn k ri sp xp chng vo tng vn cnh. H cng phn tch c ng php
v vn t vng cng nh tm hiu v s pht trin ca ngn ng c. Phi n c bit yu thch ngnh
hc ny: H chim trn 70% tng s sinh vin nhp mn.
Cu trc ngnh Germanistik ra sao?
Bt u l nhng bi ging, n luyn v cc kha lun trong ba mng chnh: Vn hc hin i
(neuere Literatur), vn hc c (ltere Literatur) v ngn ng hc (Linguistik).
Ngay t k hc u tin, ngn ng hc dy cch trnh by ngn ng bng ng m. V sau, sinh vin
nghin cu v giao tip ca thanh thiu nin hoc ngha ca nhng ci tn, tm hiu v s hnh
thnh ca ting a phng, l do ca s khc bit gia ngn ng ni v vit. H hc v ng php
dng s tr gip ca n m phn tch vn bn: chng hn nh cm nhn c cch din t
Aufsteigt der Strahl ca Conrad Ferdinand Meyer trong bi th Nhng ci ging La M, ngi ta
phi vit g v nhng ng t tch c hay cch ng, m ngoc ca ting c (Jrg Kilian).
Trong phn vn hc c, sinh vin hc v m hc, cu trc truyn k v lch s vn bn t th k 8 n
15. Nhng tc phm nh Nibelungenlied hoc das Narrenschiff c vit t ngn ng thi trung c
hoc cn i.
Trong phn vn hc hin i, sinh vin hc v cc v kch ca Schiller, th ca ca Goethe cng nh
nhng tc phm ca cc nh vn ng thi. nhiu vin vn hc cn c c nhng bui din kch v
nhng nhn vt ni ting thay i khng kh: Daniel Kehlmann l khch mi trong gi ging v tit
l cho chng ti bit iu g khin ng thng hoa cm xc trong khi vit (Sophie Khmle). Cc dng
vn hc mi nh gi tng thng c xut bn trn mng, ly cm hng nhng cun sch hoc b
phim ni ting nhng vi m hnh khc.
Trong cc bi lun v nh hoc thi cui k, sinh vin phi chng t c mnh bit cch phn nh, ph
bnh vn bn v t chng vo nhng mi tng quan ln hn. Thng th h cn hc cch trnh by
khoa hc cc kt qu nghin cu hoc ci thin phong cch vit ca mnh qua vic hc sng tc. Ai
mun tr thnh gio vin s hc c trong cc kha lun phng php v cch gy dng v truyn
t kin thc ngn ng v vn chng. mt vi trng, ngoi vic hc i hc theo h o to gio
vin (Lehramt), sinh vin cn bt buc phi i thc tp t 4 n 8 tun trong nhng k ngh. Nhng
chuyn thc tp cc nh xut bn, khu truyn thng, nh ht hoc vin bo tng cng rt c a
chung. 2/3 s sinh vin tt nghip h c nhn (Bachelor) hc tip ln sau : Chng trnh thc s
(Master) vi xu hng phn ha chuyn ngnh, v d: Duisburg-Essen (Hc thc s v thc nghim vn
hc v truyn thng), Bamberg: ( vn hc v truyn ti vn hc), Jena (thi k c in c trong ng
cnh vn hc chu u), Gieen (vn hc v vn ha c ca khu vc ng u), Gttingen
(Germanistik c-Trung dnh cho c sinh vin c v Trung Quc Gttingen, Nam Kinh hoc Bc
Kinh), Bayreuth (Vn hc trong ng cnh vn ha hoc Ngn ng - tng tc vn ha).
Nhng pht trin mi trong ngnh Germanistik
Trong nhng nm gn y, Germanistik vi vai tr ca mnh khin nhiu ngnh hc mi xut hin
tt c nhng ni c s trng lp gia cc ngnh, v d: Computerlinguistik ( cc b my truy tm d
liu khng ch hiu tng t ring r, m cn ngha ca c cu), Computerphilologie (dy v phng
php a vn bn ln mng v xut bn trn mng) v Kognitive Linguistik (t ra cu hi v vic v
sao mt s tr em li gp phi tr ngi trong ngn ng hoc iu g din ra trong no khi chng ta
ni), DaF vn ch l mt nhnh, nay tr thnh mt khoa ring ca hn 20 trng i hc c (Sinh
vin tt nghip ngnh ny c th lm gio vin dy ting c nc ngoi hoc ging dy trong cc
kha hc dnh cho nhng ngi nhp c), Interkulturelle Germanistik (nghin cu v vic ting c
c truyn t ti cc vng khc trn th gii ra sao). Ngoi hnh thc hc thc s 4 k, nhiu kha

cng s c nhng chng trnh hc dnh cho nhng ngi i lm.

Nhng tr ngi v nhm ln
Nu nh ch thch c hoc hc ting c th bn khng nn hc Germanistik. Ngnh hc ny khng
my lin quan n vic th th ngi c tiu thuyt hay ngm nga th ph. Nhng nu nh khng c
nim am m i vi ngn ng v vn hc th cng khng n.
- Hc vn v ngn ng phi c rt nhiu, ngay t khi nhp hc, nn lm quen vi vic cm trong tay
danh sch Nhng cun nn c di dng dc! Bn nn c gng c th vi cun trong s nu
cm thy ph hp, d hiu th c tip, nu khng, c th chn cc tc gi khc vit v cng mt ch
. Vic la chn danh sch ny ty thuc vo mi gio s, th nn c ngi thy hp, c ngi khng.
C mt iu l: Trc sau g cng phi c c, khng trn i u c!
- Phi bit cch lm quen vi rt nhiu t chuyn ngnh, khi phn tch cn bit m p dng. Bn c
th hc bng cch tm hiu k ngha v gii thch li n theo cch hiu ca mnh, nh th, bn s
khng qun v kh nhm ln.
- Ring v mng vn hc v ngn ng c (Mediavistik): i vi sinh vin ngi nc ngoi cng kh
hc hn, v ngn ng ca th k 8 n 15 nu khng phi l Latein th cng l ting c thi trung c ng hi vng n ging ting c by gi! Cha ni n vic c nhiu t tuy trng c v quen quen,
nhng li mang nhng ngha cc k khc. Kh nht l vic phi c th tnh (Minnensang) v ni
tht l n c thy cng ch bit c th no mi chun xc, v chng c bng ghi m no truyn li
c.
- ng qun l bn cn c bng Latinum hc ngnh ny. Vn khng c c hi hc th ngn ng tng cht nhng vn sng nhn rng trng nh cc bn ngi c, bn c c hi chinh phc n
qua 2 k (nu may mn) i hc (min ph), hoc trong cc kha hc ngoi (thng l mt tin). C
mt iu an i rng: nu hc c Latein, chng c ngoi ng no l bn khng th hc c!
Hng nghip
50% s sinh vin hc Germanistik u mun tr thnh gio vin. S cn li, do khng c hnh dung c
th no v ngh nghip sau ny, nn c thm cc chng ch khc trong qu trnh hc i hc bng
cch i thc tp hoc du hc. Ngoi ra, cc trng cng m nhng kha hc b tr nh qun l vn
ha, Marketing hoc ti chnh. Tt nghip ngnh Germanistik, bn cng c th tm c vic lm cc
mng sau: bo ch, pht trin nhn s, pht ngn vin, nh ngn ng hc trong mng pht trin phn
mm vi tnh, xut bn, th vin hoc ging vin cc trng i hc. Ring v vic mun tr thnh
ging vin, ngoi vic kt qu hc tp phi rt tt, bn cn phi mt nhiu thi gian tip tc hc ln
t nht l tin s. Ngoi ra th mc cnh tranh ngh nghip trong cc ngnh x hi v nhn vn rt
cao, cha ni n vic bn cn phi u vi nhm i th nng k: cc bn hc ca bn, nhng sinh
vin c, vn c li th hn hn bn v ngn ng cng nh hiu bit v vn ha nc h!
Tm tt: Nh Tm l hc m t v gii thch hnh vi ca con ngi. L thuyt v kin thc khoa hc t
nhin l mt phn quan trng ca chng trnh i hc. tr thnh bc s tm l tr liu cc sinh
vin cn cn phi c o to b xung. Hn mt na cc nh Tm l hc lm cng vic chm sc sc
khe.
Hc g trong ngnh Tm l hc?
Nh Tm l hc m t, gii thch v d bo hnh vi v tri nghim cuc sng ca con ngi. H nghin
cu s cm nhn v thc, phn tch nhng cm xc v ngn ng: Nng lc tr tu ca chng ta c
quyt nh bi u? Chng ta hc v giao tip nh th no? iu g gip ta c th vt qua nhng
khng hong? T cu tr li cho nhng vn ny cc nh Tm l hc s pht trin nhng xut
ci thin iu kin ca lnh vc khc nhau ca cuc sng.

C cu ngnh Tm l hc
Trong hc k u tin cc sinh vin s tip xc vi nhng kin thc nn tng ca rt nhiu lnh vc
ging nhau tt c cc trng i hc: Trong Tm l hc i cng s quan tm n nh l cch con
ngi gii quyt cc vn hay c ch hot ng ca k c. Tm l hc pht trin li xoay quanh tt c
cc giai on ca cuc i t khi sinh ra n khi v gi. Tm l hc x hi t ra cu hi v tri nghim
v hnh vi trong cc nhm; cn Tm l hc phn bit li ni v nhng im khc bit, v d nh nhng
c im no s quyt nh tnh cch.
Cc phn gii thiu cng s bao gm kin thc sinh hc. Cc sinh vin s c c mt ci nhn su hn
vo trong chc nng ca cc gic quan, hot ng ca no b v vai tr ca hoocmon trong c th
sinh vt. Tt c nhng iu ny phn ln s c truyn t trong cc bui thuyt ging v kim tra
qua nhng bi thi vit. Aenne Brielmann, ang hc hc k 4 i hc Konstanz cho bit: Ti chn
Tm l hc n c pha sau bn cht t nhin tht s ca con ngi. Ti thi im ny ti ch c
th sng st trc nhng qu trnh phc tp tim n trong mi con ngi.
Cc sinh vin s c c cng c nghin cu trong nhng bui tho lun chuyn v luyn tp.
Ni dung trong s bao gm Thng k, D on, L thuyt v php th cng nh Xy dng, Tin
hnh v nh gi cc th nghim. Trong khi thc tp theo kinh nghim h s t hon thnh chng
trnh i hc ca mnh. Nh Andrea Forster LMU Munich cng vi cc bn ca mnh nghin cu
xem liu nhng ngi b kch thch c cm thy c bit cng thng trong nhng tnh hung m h
khng th kim sot hay khng. C k li: lm iu chng ti tin hnh mt cuc ni chuyn
vi cc i tng th nghim theo hnh thc ng khu v a cho h nhng phn hi tiu cc. Qua s
co gin c mt chng ti s o mc Stress ca h.
Cc mn ng dng nhng hc k cao hn cng c lin quan n thc tin, thng th l Tm l hc
iu tr, Tm l hc vic lm v t chc cng nh Tm l hc s phm. Mi phn ca chng trnh i
hc l mt phn thc tp ko di nhiu tun trong cc phng o khm tm thn, vin nghin cu th
trng hay trong b phn nhn s ca cng ty. Vic cng tc trong mt nhm nghin cu trng i
hc cng l mt la chn c th ngh ti.
Sau khi tt nghip h c nhn, phn ln cc sinh vin s hc tip bi: Ch ai c bng Thc s mi c
coi l Nh Tm l hc, Gio s ngnh Tm l hc Dirk Wentura i hc Saarbrueken nhn mnh.
Phn ln cc trng i hc s c chng trnh o to thc s ngnh ny, trong cc sinh vin s i
su hn vo nhng kin thc v phng php v chun on cng nh la chn lnh vc trng tm
nghin cu trong mt chi ngnh nh Tm l hc pht trin, Tm l hc x hi, Tm l hc iu tr hay
Tm l hc vic lm.
Nhng hng pht trin mi
Trc s phong ph ca ti, cc trng i hc Konsanz, Marburg, Tuebingen v Greifswald i
n quyt nh tng thi gian hc theo quy nh cho h c nhn Tm l hc t 6 ln 8 hc k, v thi
gian hc h thc s c xy dng theo s rt ngn tng ng t 4 xung cn 2 hc k. im ny
ta phi ch n vic chuyn trng nu khng th hng chuyn mn ha hc trong trng i
hc s theo cc nh Tm l hc khi ra lm vic. Gio s Dirk Wentura cho bit:Trong cc trng cao
ng ngh c xu hng o to lin ngnh, lnh vc trung tm ca Tm l hc s lin kt cng cc lnh
vc khc. V th ngnh Tm l hc Kinh t phi tnh n s tht rng nhng kh nng ca ngnh Tm
l hc ngy cng quan trng hn trong Kinh t.
Cng vi vic bi b h o to cp vn bng Diplom, cc h Thc s c chuyn mn ha xut
hin tr li trong cc trng i hc. V d, TU Berlin c chng trnh lin ngnh Nhn t con ngi
nghin cu nh l s tng tc gia con ngi v my mc; hay bc thc s bng ting Anh ngnh
Tm l hc khoa hc thn kinh nhn thc (Neurocognitive Psychology) i hc Oldenburg li tp

trung v c ch vn hnh ca no b.
Nng khiu, ro cn v nhng hiu lm
Rt nhiu tn sinh vin bt ng trc khi lng hc thuyt, kin thc phng php v khoa hc t
nhiu ca ngnh Tm l hc i hc. Ta cn phi c u c phn tch cng nh c hng th vi mn
Ton, Thng k cng nh Sinh hc. Thi kha biu thng dy c v nhng p lc c th s rt cao.
Nht l trong hai hc k u tin cc sinh vin s phi nhi nht rt nhiu hc thuyt. Anfrea Forster
chia s: Ti thy tht nn trc cc bi kim tra trc nghim kh hiu nhng ti lun c cng tm ra
s lin h gia chng. Bn cnh nhng bui tho lun chuyn v thc hnh s a ra cc ti
liu tnh vi tnh ng dng ngy cng cao trong qu trnh hc. Mt phn ln cc ti liu cng nh mt
s bui ln lp s bng ting Anh, nhng khng phi l mi quan tm bi ta s ngy cng trng
thnh hn, theo suy ngh ca sinh vin Aenne Brielmann Konstanz : Trong hc k u tin khng ai
mong i s thnh tho c tt c cc thut ng.
Hc ngnh Tm l hc cng c ngha l t tm l ca c nhn mnh vi ca ngi khc v phn nh
cc kinh nghim. S l sai lm nu tin rng vi kin thc i hc ta c th t gii quyt cc vn ca
bn thn hay thm ch c th t mnh tr liu tm l. Hon ton khng th bi nhng ri lon tm l ch
l mt lnh vc c bit trong hc phn m thi. Cc bc s tm l tr liu thng iu tr nhng bnh
tm thn nng m lm c th h phi tt nghip mt ngnh y khoa i hc, iu ny hon ton
tri ngc vi cc nh Tm l hc.
Ngnh Tm l hc c gii hn tuyn sinh theo khu vc. Trc y vo c i hc th bng tt
nghip Abitur ca ng vin phi c im trung bnh trn 2 (nguyn vn: c s 1 trc du , vd 1,..).
iu kin cp giy nhp hc cho h Thc s l im TB h c nhn t 2,5 hoc t 3,0 tr ln. y
mi ch l nhng iu kin u tin. Hng chuyn ngnh t bc c nhn, bui thi tuyn vn p v
bi vit lun cng ng vai tr trong . Gio s Wentura ni: Nhng ro cn trong mt s trng c
v rt ln nhng mt v tr hc thc s c th ginh c nu cc ng vin linh hot trong vic chn
ni o to.
Trin vng ngh nghip
Hn mt na cc nh Tm l hc l trong cng vic chm sc sc khe, trong phng khm t, cc bnh
vin chuyn khoa, nh iu dng hay phng t vn. Nh Tm l hc trong trng hp khn cp s
chm sc cho cc nn nhn tai nn hay thin tai v ngi nh ca hc. Nhng ai vi chuyn mn s
phm s lm vic trong cc trng o to Tm l hc hay gio dc bc trng thnh
(Erwachsenenbildung). Hay vi kin thc v Tm l hc vic l v t chc, nhng ngi ny s lm vic
trong cc phng nhn s, la chn cng tc vin mi, pht trin cc chng trnh h tr v truyn
ng lc cho ng nghip.
Theo mt nghin cu ca HIS GmbH (Hochschul-Informations- Systems) t nm 2010 c 65% sinh vin
tt nghip kim c cng vic chnh thc sau mt nm vi mc lng khi im 31700 Euro. Nguyn
nhn cho 45% cn li l vic rt nhiu nh Tm l hc i o to b sung trong nhiu nm tr thnh
Nh tr liu tm l (Psychotherapeuten). Ngoi cc bc s chuyn khoa ra th ch Nh tr liu tm l mi
c th m phong khm t lin kt vi bo him y t. iu kin cho vic o to ny l bng Thc s
chung cho ngnh Tm l hc trong khm v iu tr.
Tm tt: Nh x hi hc gii thch hnh vi ca con ngi trong x hi loi ngi. Cc sinh vin phi t
la chn vn trng tm nghin cu. Nhng bi kha trong qu trnh hc thng kh nhn. S so
snh gia cc nn vn ha li cng kh khn hn. Thng th nhng nh x hi hc lm vic trong lnh
vc nghin cu t tng.
Hc g trong ngnh Khoa hc x hi (KHXH - Soziologie/Sozialwissenschaft)?

KHXH l ngnh khoa hc c gng gii thch v hnh vi ca con ngi. Khc vi ngnh tm l hc, KHXH
khng khai thc ch mt c nhn m t mi ngi v nhng nhm ngi. Nhng phn tch ca KHXH
i hi nhng hiu bit t rt nhiu cc chuyn ngnh khc nhau. V d, khi ngi ta mun gii thch
ti sao t l ly d trong x hi hin i li gia tng th cc mt thuc php l, kinh t v tm l hc cng
ng mt vai tr trong .
C cu ca ngnh KHXH
Trong 2 k u tin ca bc o to c nhn ngnh KHXH cc sinh vin s c tip xc vi nhng
khi nim nn tng nh x hi, trt t, quyn lc, bt bnh ng x hi hay hi nhp. Thm vo cc
sinh vin s c mt ci nhn tng qut v lch s ca KHXH v cc hc thuyt ca cc nh t tng nh
Karl Marx, Max Weber, mile Durkheim, Niklas Luhmann hay Georg Simmel. Nhng bi kha thng
kh c nhng iu l ng gi bi ta s nhn c nhiu vn i hi s suy ngm v m rng
c tm mt., chia s ca Maja Urbanczyk, sinh vin k th 7 Thuringa. T khi c y lm quen vi
hc thuyt v s la chn c l tr, Maja lun t t cu hi v hnh vi ca chnh mnh v cn nhc,
liu c c ang hnh ng theo l tr hay l khng.
Trong nhng mn hc nn tng ca KHXH cn c mn gii thiu phn tch cu trc x hi. Qua mn
hc ny ta c th sp xp x hi loi ngi da theo nhng tiu chun nht nh, nh trnh hc vn
hay mc thu nhp. Nghin cu x hi theo kinh nghim bao qut mt phm vi rng ln: cc sinh vin
s hc cch lu tr v nh gi khi lng d liu bng cc chng trnh trn my tnh. H cng s
luyn tp nhng phng php nh tnh, qua thu c thi ca con ngi, nh qua cc cuc
phng vn v quan st c ghi li.
T nm hc th 2 tr i cc sinh vin s tham d cc bui thuyt ging v tho lun chuyn v ci
c gi l x hi hc chuyn bit. h s xc nh trng tm nghin cu ca mnh. Nh trong X
hi hc truyn thng (Mediensoziologie), cc sinh vin c th hc nh cch phn tch mt tiu s trn
Facebook ca mt ngi theo nhng tiu ch khoa hc. X hi hc cng ngh (Techniksoziologie) li t
ra nhng cu hi v s tng tc gia con ngi v my mc, nh s giao tip thay i ra sao vi
s bng n ca in thoi thng minh.Maja cho bit: Qua nhng ch y mi ngi s sm nhn ra
ngnh hc ny cng c ngha vi chnh bn thn h v t ng mi ngi s t xem xt li hnh vi
ca bn thn v ca c nhng ngi khc. Tuy ngnh hc ny mang nng tnh hc thuyt nhng cng
rt gn vi con ngi v cuc sng hng ngy ca h..
Cc bui thuyt ging, tho lun chuyn v luyn tp s kt thc bng bi lun nh, bi thi vit
hay thi ni. Thm vo cc trng i hc cn yu cu sinh vin t t chc v hon thnh k thc tp
(thng l trong cc phng qun l nhn s ca mt cng ty hay mt c quan x hi no ).
S a dng trong ngnh KHXH m ra nhng c hi pht trin chuyn su. Vic chuyn sang cc ngnh
hc khc l iu bt buc v nn chn ngnh tng ng vi trng tm nghin cu ca mnh. V d
ch trng vo X hi hc cng ngh th ngnh Cng ngh thng tin (Informatik) l ph hp; hay nhng
ai mun sau ny lm vic trong b phn pht trin nhn lc th c th hc lin ngnh Kinh t doanh
nghip BWL. Nhng xut h tr ca cc trng i hc rt khc nhau. Nhng vin x hi hc ln
nh Bielefeld, Bremen, Frankfurt/Main, Hamburg hay Mannheim a ra nhng la chn ln hn nhiu
so vi nhng ni ch c 2 hay 3 gio s.
Phn ln cc c nhn KHXH s hc tip ln Thc s. Trong ngnh x hi hc th bng thc s l bng
cp bt buc, ch tch hip hi X hi hc c Martina Loew cho hay. Trong cp o to thc s cc
sinh vin s tp trung vo 2 vn trng tm v 1 d n, km theo thng l mt k thc tp
nghin cu. H hc cch tin hnh cc nghin cu theo li kinh nghim, nh xy dng cc b cu hi
tm hiu xem liu cc hc sinh c quan tm n chnh tr hay khng.

Nhng pht trin mi

Ngy nay KHXH nghin cu v tc ng ca Kinh t ton cu ha, ca thng tin lin lc khng bin
gii v ca s nhp c ln x hi.Mt vn ngy cng c tm quan trng l khi nim v xuyn quc
gia, cng vi , s xut hin ca cc cng ng ngoi x hi quc gia dn tc cng nn c nghin
cu. V d nh KHXH mun tm hiu hnh vi tiu dng ca gii tr New York, Thng Hi
v Berlin ging v khc nhau im no.
S quc t ha ca ngnh hc ny cng biu hin qua vic cc s kin bng ting Anh din ra thng
xuyn. Phn ln cc vin nghin cu x hi u yu cu mt k hc nc ngoi v cng tc vi cc
vin nhiu nc. Gio s ngnh KHXH Martina Loew i hc k thut Darmstadt cho bit: Mt cuc
sng nc ngoi s thay i ci nhn v vn ha v x hi, ngi ta s khng thy nn vn ha bn
sc ca mnh l mt iu hin nhin na..
Cc ch x hi hc s c dn dt cng cc ngnh kin thc khc. ng sau ci tn KHXH s l s
phi trn ca X hi hc, Chnh tr hc v Kinh t hc. Ngnh nghin cu Chu u trong chng trnh
o to C nhn v Thc s nhiu trng s bao gm c cc ti v phng php ca KHXH.
Phm cht, ro cn v quan nim sai lm
Nhiu tn sinh vin ng ngng trc tnh hc thuyt ca KHXH v tm quan trng ca ton hc vi
ngnh ny. Martina Loew cho bit: Thng k l mn hc khng th b qua. . Ta khng cn l mt
thin ti v ton nhng i vi nhng ai ght ton th mn hc ny l mt kh khn. nm bt c
ngn ng chuyn ngnh, cc sinh vin cn phi c nim vui i vi nhng bi kha nng tnh hc thut
v kh hiu v c mt vn ting Anh chc chn. H cng nn c hng th vi vic tranh lun bi tt c
cc hc thuyt s c bn lun si ni trong cc bui tho lun chuyn . Alexander Fuerstenberg,
sinh vin hc k th 7 Heidelberg nhn thy l mt iu hon ton b ch: Li t duy cho v
cng bn bc l iu c khuyn khch. Chng ti da trn nn l nhng kin thc hc thut pht
trin quan im ca c nhn..
Nhng iu kin cp giy tip nhn vo h c nhn rt khc nhau. Muenster trong k ma ng
2011-2012 im trung bnh trong bng Abitur phi t 1,8 tr ln trong khi Frankfurt th ch cn 3,1 l
c nhp hc. Kh nng s ln hn nu bn c kt qu kho st ting c hoc Ton hc thuc
loi tt bi nh vy s c ct nhc hn trong phn ln cc trng i hc. Giy tip nhn vo h
thc s ph thuc nhiu vo kt qu bc c nhn, nhiu ni iu kin s l trn im 2. Nhng
nhn chung con ng vo i hc rt rng m.
Trin vng ngh nghip
Tuy quan nim cho rng ta khng th lm giu t KHXH cn kh cng nhc nhng thc t th khng
ng nh vy. Li t duy phn tch v kin thc thng k gip nh x hi hc tr thnh nhng con
ngi a nng, d hng chuyn mn ha ca mi c nhn vo nhng ngnh ngh khc nhau. Mc d
vy cc sinh vin phi cng sm cng tt chun v cho mnh c hi ngh nghip v tm mi lin h vi
thc tin.
X hi ang c nhu cu c bit i vi nhng sinh vin tt nghip trong lnh vc nghin cu t tng.
Trong nhng bc tip theo ca mnh, h c th lm vic nh nhng nh chnh tr hc trong cc vin t
vn chnh sch hoc cng vic ca nhng k gi ngoi ngh vin trong cc c quan v nhng vn
chung. S c s cnh tranh gia nh x hi hc v nh s phm x hi hay nh tm l hc n v tr
dn u trong vic dnh s h tr dnh cho gii tr v ngi gi. H cng c th lm vic trong b
phn qun l nhn s ca cc doanh nghip v c quan chuyn trch, nhng ni m ngy nay h c

th m nhim nhng nhim v trc kia ch dnh ring cho ngi qun l doanh nghip hay lut s
v d nh h c th dn dt nhng bui phng vn thi tuyn hay pht trin cc tng o to
nng cao trnh ca nhn vin. Trong lnh vc cng quyn, nh x hi hc s m bo cho vic quy
hoch thnh ph hay thi hnh bn n. Vi tm bng c nhn h c th m nhim cc cng vic x
hi hay cc chng trnh o to nhn vin mi trong cc doanh nghip.
Theo mt nghin cu ca HIS GmbH gn 80% cc sinh vin tt nghip ngnh KHXH c c cng vic
sau mt nm v thu nhp trung bnh khong 32 600 Euro.
Ngun: http://ranking.zeit.de/che2012/de/fachinfo/29
03.04.2004 l ngy u tin mnh t chn ln nc CHLB c, m ra mt k nguyn mi cho bn
thn, mt hnh trnh mi ... "Du hc c".
V khi cn VN, mnh ch mi nhn c kt giy bo nhp hc ca trng H, nn sang bn y phi
vo hc 1 nm "D b i Hc" (Studienkolleg). c c 1 sut vo hc d b i hc, cc sinh
vin phi tri qua 1 k thi u vo vi cc mn:
- Ting c v Ton.
Cm thi Ton trn tay, nhn mun hoa c mt, nhng cng rt may hn 90% l nhng con s. M
dnh dng n s th khng ng s cho my. Vo..vo.. th l xong bi thi Ton. thi khng kh i
vi nhng ai va thi tt nghip v va thi H VN xong.
Cm qua thi ting c, hng bit phi ni sao vi cc bn ch tht s mnh hng bit g lun. Mc
d VN hc v c chng ch 400 Tit ting c. c m hng hiu th lm sao m lm c bi ?
hic.hic. ly ht sc bnh sinh c gng ghi cho xong, cho bng Ch bng em.
Sau v nh nm ch kt qu........... kt qu ra "u cnh tre". Bun mun cht lun. Nhng rt may
l i vi qu trnh thi u vo ny, th sinh c php thi 3 ln. Ln 1 rt th cng ln 2, ln 2 rt th
cn ln 3, m ln 3 rt th .......... gp li ngi thn VN. Nhng cng rt may l mnh vt qua sau
mt thi gian di di mi kinh s.
1 nm D B i Hc cng xong, n lc xch n i xin trng vo hc i Hc. Cui cng
chn ngnh Tin Hoc - Informatik trng "i Hc Cng Ngh Emden" (Fachhochschule Emden) /
(University for Applied Science).
* Nm th 1: khng ai hc bng mnh v cc mn khoa hc t nhin. ng nht lp nhen.
* Nm th 2: vn nht lp v cc mn khoa hc t nhin.
* Nm th 3: hc khng bng ai v nhng mn chuyn ngnh. My sinh vin ngi c ti n b xa
mnh c bao nhiu xa. C gng my cng khng bng.
Sau ny hi ra th mi bit, hu nh cc bn ngi c u tri qua thi gian i lm v Hc Ngh 3
nm (Berufsausbildung). Cho nn nhng ci g v chuyn ngnh, th mnh khng ti no theo kp. Tip
xc nhiu mi bit. V c c bng tt nghip ph thng "Abitur" nc c khng d t no. V
th, ngay sau khi ht lp 10, l mt s ng hc sinh xin vo cc trng hoc cc cng ty xin hc
ngh (hc ngh bn y 1/2 thi gian hc ti Trng, 1/2 thi gian lm vit ti cc cng ty). V vy
trong qu trnh hc ngh, cc hc sinh c tch ly c bit bao nhiu ci m sau ny rt cn thit
cho vic hc i Hc.
Sau khi c bng ngh (sau 3 nm hc), h c th xin hc i Hc, va hc va lm, v d g cng c
"ngh" trong tay. H cng hc, cng hay, cng gii. Sau ny khi h ra trng, cm tm bng H v
bng ngh trn tay. Khng mt cng ty no m khng mun nhn. Lng c khi cn sao hn cc anh
c bng Thc S.

===>>> ngh thy mi thm "con ng i Hc cha phi l s la chn ng ng". Nu c c hi,
mnh cng s lm theo cch m gii tr bn ny chn. Ri ngm ngh li chuyn qu nh.
"cht sng g cng phi thi u i Hc, phi c c tm bng i Hc" <<== thy n chng ng t
no, trong khi hng ngn sinh vin ra trng tht nghip.
Bn c tin l 1 C th may s c vic lm nhanh hn 1 C tt nghip i Hc khng ??? C th may c
th s khng c mc lng bng c Tt nghip H, nhng cng c 1 cng vic xng vi ngh nghip
ca mnh. Cn C gi vi tm bng tt nghip DH kia cn phi ch v i xin vic di di.
V vy, hy tranh th nh hng cho mnh 1 ngh nghip trong tng lai. C gng hon thnh chng
trnh PTTH, ang k hc trng Ngh, ri sau mi i hc i hc. Tuy chm nhng li chc. B M
cng khng phi mt tin nui mnh c qung i DH, v mnh c ngh, c th i lm thm. Nhng
ci hc trong trng ngh, s l nhng ci th mnh v l nhng ci rt cn thit trong con ng
chinh phc "ging ng".
"nht quyt phi vo hc DH cha phi l con ng sng sut nht, m ci chnh l phi chun b cho
tht tt ri vo hc i Hc. C nh vy, th tm bng DH sau ny mi c gi tr gp i".
Cuc phng vn nh x hi hc Ulrich Heublein v vic b hc ca SV ngoi quc ti trng H c.
ng Heublein, 53 tui, cng hp tc vi DAAD nghin cu v vn trn.
Phng vin[PV]: Gn 250.000 SV ngoi quc hc ti c, nhng c 2 ngi th c 1 l khng hon
thnh kha hc. Ngi c bit l d?
Ulrich Heublein [UH]:Nhiu SV nc ngoi khng quen thuc vi phng php ging dy v cch hc
ti c. Chng ta chuyn t kin thc v k nng qua phng php t t duy, t nghin cu, lun
tranh lun v t cu hi trong qu trnh hc [diskursive Lehrformen]. Rt nhiu SV khng quen vi
cch hc nh vy. nc ngoi hc hay hc theo li thy ging bi trc lp, cn SV ch ghi chp
[Frontalunterricht]. Sau bi thi s c hi ging y ht nh bi ging.
PV: Cch hc t t duy, t nghin cu? Trng H c hin nay ang c xem nh l "i sai ng"
c m.
UH: ng. Chnh iu lm cho cc SV ngoi quc t Chu v ng u cm thy thoi mi hn. H
quen vi cch c ging nc h.Phn trm b hc trc y cn cao hn na. D vy vn cn nhiu
SV thy l lm trong mi trng hc ca chng ta. Trong nhng kha hc d b chng ta cn chun b
cho h tt hn na h quen vi cch ging dy ti trng c.
PV: SV c c th lm g thay i tnh trng ny?
UH: SV c c ngha v giao tip vi SV nc ngoi. c bit l SV ng u phn nn l ngi c rt
t quan tm n t nc v vn ha ca ho. Chng ta ch chy theo Ty u. iu l cho h cm
thy thiu t tin. M thiu t tin th rt kh thnh cng trong trng H.
PV: Nhiu SV nc ngoi tt nghip Trung Hc c [Abitur] cng khng th tt nghip: 40% b
gia chng. Vn y l g?
UH: V iu ny ti khng dm khng nh iu g. Ch r l rt nhiu SV thuc h ny xut thn t
mt gia nh t hc c hon cnh kh khn. Cc SV ny thng c kh khn v ti chnh, h phi lm
vic nhiu hn c th chi tr cho vic hc. Ngoi ra h cng t nhn c h tr tinh thn t gia
nh. Vic ny cng ph thuc vo xut x. V d nh ngi Th Nh K khng hiu hc nh ngi
ngi Ba T hay ngi Hy Lp.
UH: So vi SV c, SV c gc ngoi quc cn gp phi ro cn ngn ng. 30% SV gc ngoi quc
khng c vn ting c theo kp trong mi trng H, cho d h c bng Abitur c
PV: Theo ngi ti sao cc trng H v cc chnh tr gia cn phi quan tm hn n vn ny xy
dng mt mi trng hc ph hp cho SV ngoi quc?
UH: Chng ta cho n SV ngoi quc n y du hc. c l 1 t nc c lng xut khu cao nn
chng ta cn nhng nhn lc t Trung Quc, Nga v nhng ni khc, nhng ngi c 1 s gn b c
bit vi nc c. Nu nh nhiu SV b hc, chng ta khng ch tn tin bc m nc c cng tr
nn ti t hn trong con mt ngi nc ngoi. Nht l khi nhiu SV tiu tn tt c tin tit kim

ca gia nh qua y du hc, phi b d gia chng, tr v nc khng phi bng cp trong tay m
ch l s bc bi vi nc c. l iu chng ta khng th chp nhn c.

Vi ch trng Hc thc cho mi ngi th nc c khng thu tin hc ph m ch thu ph hot

ng, qun l, i din sinh vin. Nhng chi ph khc trng tn ti v hot ng u t ngn qu
nh nc. y l i vi cc trng cng lp, thuc nh nc. Cn cc trng t lp, nhng hc vin t
nhn th hc ph ln ti vi ngn 1 thng cng ko c g l.
Trc y, tin hc c bit ti u tin l Hrergelder nhng nm 1970/1971 mc 120-150 DM 1
hc k (6 thng). Trong sut 35 nm sau th nc c ko thu tin hc ph bi s phn i ca sinh
vin v bt u p dng ti tr/vay khng li (50/50) t nh nc dnh cho sinh vin t gia nh c
hon cnh kinh t yu (BafG).
Nm 1993 bt u n ra tranh ci v tin hc ph cho nhng ai hc qu lu, vt qu thi gian hc
trung bnh. Nm 1998 Baden-Wrttemberg chnh thc thu tin hc ph i vi nhng ngi hc qu
thi hn (Langzeitstudierende). Chnh ph lin bang kin ln Ta n Hin Php vi l do bang ny
lm nh hng quyn c hc tp ca mi ngi theo hin php quy nh. Tuy nhin Ta n bi b
n kin ny. Thng 04 nm 2002 th b lut cm thu hc ph cho tm bng i hc u tin c a
ra.
Bi b lut ny vi phm vo quyn t do ca mi bang trong quy nh hc v dy ngh (mi bang c
quyn a ra cc quy nh ring cho khu vc mnh qun l, Lin bang ch c php a ra khung hnh
chung m ko c php can d vo quyt nh tng bang), cc bang li kin ln Ta n Hin Php v
c cng nhn vo thng 1 nm 2005. Sau th khng cn ai c th ngn cn cc bang thu tin hc
ph...
T hc k ma ng nm 2006/2007 cc bang Bayern, Baden-Wrttemberg v Niedersachsen u thu
hc ph 500 ngoi tin qun l sinh vin (khong 200-300) mi hc k. Sau cc bang Hamburg,
Hessen, Nord-rhein- Westfalen v Saarland cng quy nh tin hc ph cho sinh vin mc 500 + tin
qun l mi hc k. Cc bang khc khng tham d vo "phong tro" thu tin ca sinh vin ny. Nhng
ch sau 1 nm, bang Hessen bi b tin hc ph 500. Cc bang khc mi bang c quy nh ring v
tin hc ph: NRW cho php cc trng H t quyt nh c thu tin hay khng v thu mc bao nhiu
(cao nht l 500 1 hc k), Hamburg th cho php sinh vin tr hc ph sau khi i lm vi mc lng
nht nh (t nm 2008) Nhng dn dn cc bang cng ln lt bi b tin hc ph v s phn i
ca qun chng v s u tranh quyt lit ca gii sinh vin.
Ngun: http://www.laendercheck-wissenschaft.de/archiv/studiengebuehren/historie/index.html
Lit k tin hc cc bang:
http://www.studis-online.de/StudInfo/Gebuehren/
Cho ti gi th ch cn 2 bang thu tin hc ph 500 (v cao hn nu l sinh vin lu nm, vt qu thi
gian hc quy nh): Bayern v Niedersachsen.
Bayern sp ti s bi b tin hc ph nh s thnh cng ca Volksentscheid (Quyt nh ca qun
chng). Trc th c hi thc hin Volksentscheid cng l cu hi ln, bt ng rng Ta n Hin
Php Mnchen chp nhn cho thc hin yu cu ny. Tht l tuyt vi khi m ngi dn c th trc
tip tham gia vo nhng quyt nh chnh tr! Cng bng hn na khi quyt nh chnh tr ny lin
quan trc tip ti h.
Quy nh ca Volksentscheid (quyt nh qun chng) l phi c 25.000 ch k c thc hin
Volksbegehren, ngha l mong mun ca qun chng (tm dch l yu cu ca qun chng) --> Yu
cu qun chng l iu kin trc khi thc hin quyt nh qun chng trong trng hp H Ngh Vin

t chi thc hin yu cu qun chng. Yu cu qun chng c thit lp nu c 10% s dn c quyn
bu c k tn trong vng 2 tun vo bn yu cu. Trng hp s ch k th H Ngh Vin s phi
xem xt v quyt nh c thc hin yu cu ca qun chng hay khng.
S c 2 trng hp xy ra: H Ngh Vin chp nhn yu cu qun chng v quy nh thu hc ph s lp
tc c bi b. Trng hp H Ngh Vin khng ng th s vic s c quyt nh trong vng 3
thng theo quyt nh b phiu ca tt c nhng dn chng c quyn bu c v vic bi b hc ph
ny. Quyt nh ca qun chng sau khi b phiu s c hiu lc v phi c thi hnh.
Ngun: http://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/st...erlaubt-volksbegehren-in-bayern-a-862704.html
Tin rng khng bao lu sau th Niedersachsen cng s bi b quy nh thu tin hc ph ny.
V vic tr hc ph hay khng, v s cng bng cho mi ngi u c c hi hc nh nhau th c
tranh lun rt nhiu trong 10 nm qua. Nhiu kin i nghch c a ra v s cn thit ca tin
hc ph. Vi im cho cc bn tham kho:
1. Chi ph cho mt trng hc l rt ln, nh nc khng th ti tr ht lin tc trong thi gian di, vic
bi b thu hc ph ch l tm thi v sau vi nm th vn ny s quay tr li.
2. Thu tin hc sinh vin c thc hn v c gng hn trong vic hc, hc hiu qu v nhanh hn.
kin i lp: V phi trang tri tin hc nn sinh vin t thi gian hc hn, t thi gian ko di v
hc lc gim.
3. Khng cng bng v sinh vin vi hon cnh gia nh kh khn s gp kh khn trong vic trang tri
hc ph, sinh vin c hon cnh gia nh kh gi th khng. kin i lp: vn d cho d khng c tin
hc ph th sinh vin c gia nh h tr cng c iu kin hn trong vic hc, du hc nc ngoi
v trau di ting nc ngoi. Tin hc ph ch lm sinh vin c hon cnh kh khn thm n o trc
khon tin thm ny thi.
4. Tin hc ph gip trng ci thin mi trng hc, iu kin hc cho sinh vin, phc v tt hn vic
hc tp, nghin cu. kin i lp: khng phi tt c ton b s tin c a vo ci thin iu kin
hc tp, nghin cu. C 1 phn trong khng r c s dng vo mc ch g.
Xem thm: http://www.zeit.de/studium/hochschule/2012-07/studium-gebuehren-kosten-ticket/seite-2
5. Tin hc ph phi c nh nc ti tr bi cha m sinh vin trc tr rt nhiu tin thu cho
ngn qu nh nc! Vy cn sinh vin m cha m ko tr tin thu trc ???
Cn nhiu kin, tranh lun quanh vn ny.
Ring mnh thy: s lng sinh vin trong 1 thnh ph tuy khng ng hc ph nhng cng gp phn
lm kinh t thnh ph pht trin. Th tnh xem con s sinh vin ny lm vic cho cc hng qun, cng
ty, trng hc l bao nhiu? Nhng nhu cu cuc sng, chi ph n mc, tin thu nh sinh vin phi tr
l bao nhiu? Nhng ngi lm kinh doanh nhn c tin hay sc lao ng t sinh vin li s tr thu
cho nh nc, vy khng phi thnh ph, nh nc cng vn nhn c s ng gp ca sinh vin vo
ngn qu y sao?
Nu bn mun lm vic hoc c tr ti c, bn cn tm hiu lut c tr ti c. Cc iu kin c bn
chi phi quyn c tr ph thuc vo bn c phi l cng dn thuc khi EU hay khng.
Nu bn khng phi l cng dn ca mt nc thnh vin Eu, khu vc kinh t chu u (EEA) hoc Thy
S, m bn mun c tr ti c, bn cn c mt trong s giy php c tr:
- Giy php nh c vnh vin
- Giy php lu tr (C thi hn)
- Giy php thng tr - EC
Giy php lu tr
Giy php lu tr c cp c gii hn thi gian. N c cp cho nhng ngi:
- Mun hon thnh kha hc dy ngh ti c ( 16-17 ca Lut C tr)
- Mun lm vic ti c (( 18-31 ca Lut C tr)

- c li c v l do nhn o, chnh tr hoc theo lut php quc t ( 22-26 ca Lut C tr)
- Di c n c v l do gia nh ( 27 - 36 ca Lut C tr)
- L ngi c mun hi hng ( 37, 38 ca Lut C tr)
- Thuc thnh vin ca lin minh chu u ( 38a ca Lut C tr)
Giy php lu tr c th c gia hn. Trong trng hp ny, ngi nc ngoi s phi hc mt kha
hc ha nhp x hi ty vo tnh hnh thc t.
Lu : Ngi nc ngoi c th lm vic hp php ti c khi c giy php ny.
Th xanh EU (The EU Blue Card)
Th xanh c cp cho cc cng dn ca nc th ba c trnh i hc hoc tng ng ti c
c php li lm vic trong vng 4 nm.
c th xanh, c nhn phi cung cp bng chng v vic s ng gp 2/3 lng trn ti thiu
hng nm vo qu hu tr (nm 2012 l khong 44.800 EUR). i vi ngnh ngh c nhu cu c bit,
gii hn mc lng c h xung 52% ( khong 35.000 Eur trong nm 2012).
Ch s hu th xanh c th chng minh lm vic trong khong thi gian 33 thng v tr tin
(bt buc) ng gp cho bo him hu tr theo lut nh.
c th xanh, ngi np n phi c k nng ngn ng bng B1. i vi trng hp on t theo v
chng ti c th khng cn thit.
Th c tr vnh vin
Giy php nh c vnh vin ti c cho php bn sng v lm vic ti c. c giy php n c
vnh vin, bn phi c giy php lu tr trong 5 nm v tha mn thm cc iu kin khc. Bt c ai
xin nh c lu di phi chng minh c t m bo cuc sng, ti chnh cho cc thnh vin trong gia
nh, c y k nng ngn ng, khng phm ti hnh s. Trong s t trng hp cc iu kin lin
quan khng cn phi p ng nu m bo thi gian sng ti c lu di, hoc nhng ngi c trnh
cao.
dieu.pham-tintucvietduc.de
Hp ng thu nh l mt vn bn quan trng. N quy nh chi tit vic thu nh v rng buc ngi
thu v ch nh trong cc quy nh ca php lut. Bn nn c k hp ng thu nh cn thn trc
khi k.
Trc khi k hp ng thu nh, bn nn tm hiu chi tit cc vn quan trng sau:
- Tin thu nh
- Chi ph ph tr (c bit l chi ph si m)
- Tin t cc
- Ph cng chng
- Tin thu mt bng (Staffelmiete) nu c, nh vy tin thu s tng thng xuyn?
- Gii hn khng gian thu, th gian thu
- iu kin nu mun trang tr, ci to li nh thu.
Bn phi m bo rn cc tha thun c quy nh c th bng vn bn, nu ch tha thun ming
s c nhng tranh chp pht sinh sau m ngi chu thit thi lun l ngi i thu nh.
Ngoi hp ng thu nh, bn phi k mt bin bn bn giao nh (bergabeprotokoll). Vi bin bn
, bn xc nhn tnh trng ngi nh khi thu v do hy c li cn thn bin bn, bi ch nh
c th quy trch nhim khi c nhng h hng xy ra m li khng phi do bn.
Ch nh c th yu cu mt khon tin t cc. S tin c th c s dng sa cha nhng h
hng ca cn nh khi bn chuyn i, hoc thanh ton s tin thu bn n khi b i. Tng s tin t
cc tng ng khong 3 thng tin thu khng bao gm chi ph si (Kaltmiete).
Ph dch v v rc thi
Ngoi tin thu nh, bn cn phi chi tr ph dch v (Nebenkosten). Chi ph ny thng c tnh mi

nm mt ln. Cc phi ph ny bao gm: Chi ph in, nc, si, v sinh,.. Theo quy n, bn phi tr
vo u thng v nhn c bo co tng kt vo cui nm. Bn nn kim tra bo co ny mt cch
cn thn.
Ti c, rc c thu gom v x l sau khi phn loi cn thn. Thng c cc thng ring bit cho
giy v, cht thi hu c (rau, qu) v cc loi rc khc. Ngoi ra cn c cc im thu gom cho cc loi
rc khc nh thy tinh v rc c bit nh thuc nhum, sn.
L ngi hng xm tt
Theo quy nh lut php c: bn khng th gy ting n t 11 gi m ti 6 gi sng. i vi cc cn
h, th y l quy nh bt buc bn phi bit khi bn k vo hp ng thu nh. Bn s nhn c
mt bn sao cc quy nh dnh ca ta nh t ngi ch hoc n v cho thu.
Chiu theo iu 95 lut c tr (Aufenthalt G) ngi no c tr bt hp php ti c s b pht t n
1 nm hoc b pht tin.
a ngi nc ngoi nhp c tri php vo c s b pht t ti 5 nm hoc b pht tin i vi ai xi
gic hay gip ngi khc phm vo hnh vi c nu ti iu 95 on (1) iu 1, 2 hoc 3, on
(2) lut c tr (Aufenthalt G)
Nhng trng hp nh vy s c cng an gi ra gii trnh, tip theo l c lnh pht ca vin kim
st. Mc nng hay nh ph thuc vo li khai v bng chng cng an c c gi cho vin kim
st.
Cn lm chui c ngha l lin quan n trn thu, trn cc loi bo him x hi khc. Ngi lm chui
khng c giy php lao ng s chiu theo iu 284 Abs.1, Satz 1 SGB III b pht tin n 5.000 euro.
Ngi thu cng nhn lm chui khng c giy php lao ng v giy php c tr s b pht tin n
500.000 euro (chiu theo iu 404 Abs 2.Nr.3 SGB III und 404 Abs.3 SGB III)
Ti tng phm gip ngi c tr bt hp php lm vic khng c giy php lao ng s b pht t
ti 5 nm hoc b pht tin theo iu 96 Abs 1Aufenthalt G.
Trng hp b cnh st bt th nn u quyn cho lut s bo cha cho ton b v vic, nn khai
theo hng dn c th ca lut s, khng c k khai lung tung.
y l 1 trang web rt hay v cuc sng, vn ha, cch kim vic, qui nh gia hn visa cho ngi mi
tt nghip,....tm kim vic lm cho nhng ai c nh hc, kim vic lm c.
http://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/home/
i du hc, ngoi vic trang b k lng v ti chnh v tinh thn t lp, bn cn phi c mt s k nng
sng quan trng na.
K nng chn bn
mi trng nc ngoi, vic c mt ngi bn kh, nhng chn ng bn li l vic kh hn. C
nhng ngi bn chi rt hp nhng khi hc chung li khng h c cng quan im hay thi cng
tc. Chnh v th, khng tnh nhng ln hc nhm hay thuyt trnh u tin (mang tnh x nhp), bn
nn chu kh quan st v chn ra cho mnh mt ngi bn tim nng r h cng lm vic.
i vi nhng ngi bn khng nghim tc khi hc nhm chung (tr hn np, khng chu lm bi)
bn nn cng rn thng thn ni chuyn vi h hoc nh n tr gip ca ging vin.
Cui cng, c mt s tht cn lu l ni no c nhiu sinh vin quc t th ni d kt bn v
khng kh hc tp cng ci m hn nhiu nhng ni c ton sinh vin bn a. Tm li, c c cm
tnh ca tt c, ngay t u bn hy thn thin mm ci hay cho hi tt c mi ngi xung quanh.
K nng ni khng
Sinh vin nc ngoi, c bit nhng bn b n t cc nc chu M Latinh hoc khu vc a Trung

Hi thng rt chu chi. H c l l nhng sinh vin quc t ham tic tng nht m bn s gp.
Chnh v th, khi kt bn vi h, bn cng nn chun b sn tm th ni Khng trc mt s cuc vui
qu , c bit l khi nhng party ny nh hng n sc khe, cng vic lm thm hay quan trng
nht l vic hc ca bn.
Ngoi ra, bn cng phi bit mnh bit ta trong khu mua sm, c bit l vi cc du hc sinh n. Nu
thng ny bn cn tin n v nh cng khng cn lng thc kh tr sn, hy thng thng ni
khng vi ci vy lung linh bn trong ca knh! Liu php tinh thn tt nht ca khonh khc l
bn nn bit chic vy s c bn vi gi r hn 50% trong ma sales ti, v nu mua n lc ny bn
s tr thnh mt k v sn ri cn b mua hng h.

K nng lp trnh cng vic nh

i du hc, bn s phi o din t A n Z cng vic nh. iu ny l cc hnh khng ch ca du hc
sinh Vit m cn vi sinh vin quc t. Nhng yn tm l mt khi c u c t chc mt cht, bn s
thy nhng vic ny cng khng tn thi gian lm u.
Chng hn, nu nh bn khng c my git v thng phi dnh hn mt bui sng ch nht i
git sy phng git cng cng trong thnh ph. Hy xch c vali bn vo khu k tc x ngay trong
khun vin trng i hc vo chiu th t, ngy bn thng i th vin hc bi. Nh vy, o qun
ca bn vn c git gi trong khi bn ngi th vin v sng ch nht ca bn vn c tr li cho
kh ch.
Nu sng chung vi bn b quc t, bn nn thng nht vic dn dp nh chung vo cui tun. C n
gi th lm theo ng nguyn tc. V chuyn bp nc, bn c th nu vo bui ti hm trc
chun b thc n cho bui tra hm sau, hoc cng c th cm cm t sng trong lc tm ti v
nh khi phi tn thi gian cho vic ny.
T kha ca k nng ny cn bn l n trong 1, h bin bn thnh mt ngi linh ng.
K nng thc khuya dy sm
Nhiu du hc sinh khng th thu xp thi gian t hc vo ban ngy (v l do bn hc trng hoc i
lm thm) nn nhiu bn chn thc khuya lm bi. c bit l vo k thi, tn s thc khuya cng
din ra thng xuyn hn. Tuy nhin, m bo cht lng n bi, bn khng nn ngi gn ci my
tnh (c kt ni Internet) v cng ng nn ngi qu gn chic ging m i! Cch duy nht gii
quyt tnh trng thc khuya hc bi l phi thit k li thi gian biu gia vic lm thm v hc tp.
Cn mt kh khn na l vic phi dy sm i hc vo bui sng. Du hc sinh khng phi ai cng c
c hi ngay trong khu k tc x i hc, chnh v th nhiu ngi phi tri qua mt qung ng di
hng ting ng h bng phng tin cng cng n trng. Vo ma ng, vic u tranh ni tm
gia vic i hc hay ng tip v th cng xy ra thng xuyn hn.
Vo nhng lc hy ngh rng bui hc hm nay cng quan trng nh khi c bi kim tra, hoc ch
cn bc ra ngoi tri tuyt mnh s ht bun ng ngay. gii quyt vn nan gii ny, bn nn
lu vic chn thu nh ngay t u sao cho thun tin c vic i hc ln lm thm.

Bo hin ngy nay l vn c ngha c bit quan trng v c tc ng trc tip n c

h thng php lut. M hnh bo hin Cng ha Lin bang c l mt trong nhng m
hnh bo hin tn tin rt ng tham kho i vi nhiu quc gia trn th gii ang mun
xy dng mt c ch bo hin thnh cng, trit theo ngha hin i.
Qua tm hiu, nghin cu, tc gi cho rng c ba nguyn nhn c bn m bo cho th ch bo hin
c thnh cng:

1. Cc nh lp hin c t c ch bo hin trong iu kin ca mt ch dn ch bn

vng, ng thi lng tnh trc l trnh m bo cho c ch ny c thc thi hiu qu
iu khon vnh cu (iu 79 khon 3 ca Lut c bn) l m bo php l trc tin cho mt c ch
bo hin. iu khon ny rng buc cc qui phm ti iu 1 v iu 20 l nhng iu khon vnh vin,
trong mi trng hp khng th thay i, v bt k l do no. Ni dung ca iu 1 l qui nh v nhn
phm, quyn c bn ca cng dn, cc quyn ny c hiu lc trc tip v rng buc quyn lc nh
nc. 1 iu 20 l iu xc lp cc nguyn tc c bn ca Hin php nh nguyn tc nh nc php
quyn, dn ch, lin bang v nh nc x hi2. iu 79 khon 3 ny vnh vin ha nhng c trng
nn tng ca mt ch dn ch c.
Khng phi ngay t khi c hiu lc vo nm 1949 nc c c ngay mt c ch bo hin y .
Phi n nm 1951, Lut ta n Hin php lin bang (Bundesverfassungsgerichtgesetz - BVerfGG) mi
ra i v cng phi ch thm hai mi nm sau (nm 1969), k t khi Lut c bn c hiu lc, ch nh
khiu kin Hin php ca cng dn ti iu 93 khon 1 s 4a LCB mi c b sung, nhm c th ha
con ng t tng Hin php ti iu 19 khon 4 LCB. 3 Sau hai mi nm, c bit l sau cuc i
nhy vt v kinh t (Wirtschaftswunder) v nhng chuyn bin x hi su sc nhng nm 1950, 1960,
CHLB c lc mi hi t c y cc iu kin chn mui c v kinh t x hi, chnh tr php l
hin thc ha y cc qui nh v bo hin.
2. Cc nh lp hin c xc nh chnh xc v tr php l ca Ta n hin php lin bang
vi hai chc nng va l c quan xt x, nhng cng va l mt thit ch hin nh ca lin
bang, c lp vi cc thit ch khc
Ta n hin php cng ha lin bang c ng thi c 2 chc nng:
Chc nng th nht, Ta n hin php lin bang l mt c quan c chc nng xt x nh cc Ta n
khc (Theo cc iu 92, 93, 94, 97 Lut c bn [di y vit tt l LCB]). iu 92 Cu 1 LCB qui nh:
Quyn xt x c trao cho thm phn. iu ny c ngha rng c, thm phn lun nhn c s
tin tng tuyt i v cng nhn ly trch nhim to ln trc nh nc v x hi. Qui nh ny c b
sung bi iu 97 Khon 1 LCB: Khi xt x, thm phn c lp v ch tun theo lut.
Chc nng th hai, theo iu 1 Khon 1 LTAHPLB, Ta n hin php lin bang l mt thit ch hin
nh (Verfassungsorgan) ging nh cc thit ch khc lin bang nh H ngh vin (Bundestag),
Thng ngh vin (Bundesrat), Tng thng lin bang (Bundesprsident) v Chnh ph lin bang
(Bundesregierung). 4
Hai chc nng ny to nn v tr c lp ca Ta n hin php lin bang trong hot ng xt x.
Vic chia thnh 2 Hi ng xt x cng l mt qui nh thnh cng.
Theo iu 2 Khon 1 v Khon 2 Lut Ta n Hin php lin bang (LTAHPLB), 5 Ta n Hin php lin
bang c chia thnh 2 Hi ng xt x, mi Hi ng xt x gm c 8 thm phn.
Hi ng xt x th nht c nhim v xt x cc v vic lin quan n vic xm phm cc quyn c
bn ca cng dn (Grundrechte) t pha nh nc theo iu 14 Khon 1 LTAHPLB, gi chung l cc
khiu kin Hin php (Verfassungsbeschwerde).
Hi ng xt x th hai c nhim v gii quyt cc vn cn li thuc thm quyn theo iu 14
Khon 2 LTAHPLB.
Vic chia thnh hai hi ng xt x khin cho tin xt x cc v vic lin quan n Hin php c
y nhanh, ng thi tnh chuyn mn ha cng c nng cao do mi Hi ng xt x ph trch mt
nhm cc khiu kin hin php c lp. 6
Ta n Hin php lin bang c nhiu thm quyn bo v hin php, nhng thm quyn ny c qui
nh c th cc iu 93, iu 100, iu 21 Khon 2, iu 41 khon 2, iu 61, iu 93 khon 1 s
4b. 7 C th l cc quyn sau:
- Quyn tuyn b mt o lut l vi hin nu o lut tri vi Lut c bn (iu 100 khon 1 LCB);
8
- Quyn gii thch Hin php (iu 93 khon 1 s 2 LCB); 9

- Quyn gii quyt xung t thm quyn gia cc c quan nh nc Lin bang (iu 93 khon 1 s 1
LCB); 10
- Quyn gii quyt tranh chp thm quyn gia lin bang v tiu bang (iu 93 Khon 1 s 3 v s 4);
11
- Quyn gii quyt khiu kin lin quan n bu c (Wahlprfungsverfahren) (iu 41 Khon 2 LCB)
12, gii quyt vic cm mt ng phi no hot ng (Parteiverbotsverfahren - iu 21 Khon 2
LCB) 13, Khiu kin Tng thng (iu 61 Khon 2 LCB); 14
- v c bit l quyn gii quyt khiu kin Hin php ca c nhn khi b c quan cng quyn xm
phm cc quyn c bn qui nh t iu 1 n iu 19 LCB (Verfassungsbeschwerde - iu 93 khon 1
s 4a). 15
Theo s liu thng k thc t ca Ta n Hin php lin bang c v s lng gii quyt cc v vic
ca Ta n Hin php lin bang c t 7/9/1951 n 31/12/2007 cng b ti website ca Ta n hin
php lin bang16 th: s lng v vic th l l 169.502 v vic, trong s c ti 163.374 v vic
(chim ti 96,37%) l cc khiu kin Hin php ca c nhn (Verfassungsbeschwerde). iu ny cho
thy a phn cc v vic trn thc t ca Ta n Hin php lin bang l gii quyt khiu kin Hin
php ca c nhn.
3. Cc nh lp hin c t ra y cc iu kin m bo cho s c lp ca Thm
phn Ta n hin php lin bang
V tiu chun ca Thm phn: Thm phn Ta n Hin php lin bang phi t nhng tiu chun sau:
- t 40 tui tr ln (iu 3 Khon 1 LTAHPLB),
- ti thiu phi thi k thi quc gia th hai v lut (2. Juristisches Staatsexamen) 17 hoc l Gio s
lut (Professor der Rechte) 18 ti trng i hc c (iu 3 Khon 2 LTAHPLB v iu 5 Khon 1
Lut thm phn (Deutsches Richtergesetz19).
- khng c ng thi l thnh vin ca H vin, Thng vin, Chnh ph lin bang, cng nh bt c
c quan no ca bang (iu 94 Khon 1 Cu 3 Lut c bn v iu 3 Khon 3 LTAHPLB).
V qui trnh bu thm phn: Thm phn Ta n hin php lin bang c bu theo nguyn tc bu a
s tiu chun (tc l phi t c 2/3 s thnh vin tn thnh) (iu 94 Khon 1 Cu 2 LCB v cc
iu t iu 5 LTAHPLB). Cc thm phn c bu theo nguyn tc mt na l t Hi ng bu thm
phn (Richterwahlausschuss) ca H vin (Theo iu 6 LTCTAHPLB) v mt na l bi Thng vin
(Theo iu 51, 52 LCB v iu 7 LTCTAHPLB). 20
V nhim k ca Thm phn: Nhim k ca Thm phn Ta n hin php lin bang l 12 nm v ch
c bu duy nht mt ln (iu 4 LTAHPLB).
C ch bo hin c thnh cng v th ch ny hi t c y c ba iu kin m bo s
thnh cng l m bo v iu kin chnh tr, kinh t, x hi, m bo v v tr php l, thm quyn
ca thit ch Ta n hin php v m bo v s c lp ca thm phn. Ngy nay vi nhiu gi tr
tin b, c ch bo hin Cng ha lin bang c vt ra khi khun kh nc c, tr thnh gi
tr vn minh chung ca nhn loi v l mt trong nhng m hnh rt ng tham kho i vi nhiu
quc gia trn th gii ang mun xy dng mt c ch bo hin thnh cng, trit theo ngha hin
i.
V iu kin ng nghip gip vic v khoa hc: Ta n hin php lin bang hin nay Karlsruhe c
khong 60 ng nghip gip vic v khoa hc (wiss. Mitarbeiter). y thc s l nhng chuyn gia
php l gii, c tuyn chn k lng, l tr lc quan trng gip cc thm phn Ta n hin php lin
bang c th hon thnh nhim v cao c ca mnh. 21
V thu nhp: Lng ca Chnh n Ta n Hin php lin bang tng ng vi lng ca B trng
khong 15.500 Euro/ 1 thng. 22 Lng ca Thm phn Ta n Hin php lin bang tng ng vi
lng ca Chnh n Ta n Ti cao (Nhm BBesO R10) khong 12.503 Euro/ 1 thng. 23
V tnh c lp vi ngnh hnh php: Theo iu 94 Khon 1 Cu 3 LCB v iu 3 Khon 3 LTCTAHPLB
th Ta n Hin php lin bang:

- Khng c gim st cng v (keine Dienstaufsicht),

- Khng c s ch o cng tc xt x t bn ngoi (keine Dienstweg),
- Khng ph thuc vo cc c quan hnh chnh trong vic tr lng, c ngn sch ring c lp
(eigener Haushalt) v vic tr lng thm phn. 24
V s c lp khi xt x: Theo iu 15 Khon 2 Cu 1 LTAHPLB, khi xt x, Hi ng xt x phi c t
nht 6 trn tng s 8 thm phn tham gia v quyt nh theo nguyn tc qu bn (einfach Mehrheit).
Trong trng hp s phiu bng nhau th gii quyt theo iu 15 Khon 4 Cu 3 LTAHPLB). Thm phn
Ta n Hin php khi phn quyt ch tun theo Hin php v lut, hon ton khng chu bt c tc
ng no t pha bn ngoi, khng chu bt c s ch o no v mt chnh tr hay hnh chnh. y l
tiu ch, l i hi quan trng nht m bo tnh c lp ca thm phn.
V s rng buc ca phn quyt: ngha c bit nht trong phn quyt ca Ta n Hin php lin
bang chnh l gi tr ca phn quyt c qui nh ti iu 31 Khon 1 LTAHPLB: "Phn quyt ca Ta
n Hin php lin bang c hiu lc rng buc i vi cc thit ch hin nh ca lin bang, cc tiu
bang cng nh tt c cc ta n v c quan hnh chnh.
----------Nguyn Minh Tun
i hc Saarland, Cng ha lin bang c
1 iu 1 LCB qui nh: (1) Nhn phm l bt kh xm phm (unantastbar). Coi trng v bo v nhn
phm l ngha v ca tt c cc nhnh quyn lc nh nc. (2) Nhn dn c v th tha nhn vic
nhn quyn (Menschenrechte) l bt kh xm phm v khng th b lm dng hay p t
(unveruerlichen) nh l nn tng ca mi mt cng ng, ho bnh v cng l trn ton th gii. (3)
Cc quyn hn c bn di y rng buc cc nhnh quyn lp php, hnh php v t php vi tnh
cht l quyn c hiu lc trc tip (unmittelbar geltendes Recht).
2 iu 20 LCB qui nh: (1). Cng ha lin bang c l mt nh nc lin bang dn ch v nh nc
lin bang x hi. (2). Tt c quyn lc nh nc l t nhn dn. Tt c quyn lc nh nc c thc
thi bi nhn dn thng qua bu c, trng cu dn v thng qua cc c quan c lp thuc nhnh
quyn lp php, hnh php v t php. (3). Quyn lp php b rng buc bi trt t hp hin, quyn
hnh php v t php b rng buc bi cc o lut v cc vn bn php lut. (4). Tt c ngi dn
c u c quyn thay i nh nc (Recht zum Widerstand), nu nh nc y i ngc li nhng
nguyn tc c bn trn y, khi m cc liu php khc c p dng nhng khng hiu qu.
3 iu 19 khon 4 LCB qui nh: Bt c ai cho rng quyn t do c bn ca mnh b xm hi, u c
quyn khi kin li nh nc
4 Theo qui nh ca Lut c bn c c 5 thit ch Hin nh ca lin bang (Verfassungsorgane) gm
c: H vin lin bang (Bundestag), Thng vin lin bang (Bundesrat), Chnh ph lin bang
(Bundesregierung), Tng thng lin bang (Bundesprsident) v Ta n hin php lin bang
(Bundesverfassungsgericht). V nguyn tc, cc thit ch ny l ngang hng nhau, kim sot v cn
bng quyn lc, khng c quan no cao hn c quan no. Cc Ta n ti cao ca lin bang
(Bundesgerichthofs) trong h thng cc c quan t php (Rechtsprechung) khng c c v tr l thit
ch hin nh nh Ta n hin php lin bang.
5 Lut Ta n Hin php lin bang c (Gesetz ber das Bundesverfassungsgericht) ln u tin c
cng b vo ngy 12 thng 3 nm 1951, trn Cng bo s 1 t trang 243, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy
17 thng 4 nm 1951. Mc d o lut ny do Ngh vin ban hnh, nhng thc cht n xy dng mt
qui trnh t tng hin php bn vng, cng vi qui nh t hnh trong hot ng ca Ta n (iu 1
Khon 3 BverfGG), bo v kh tt s c lp ca Ta n, ng thi vi qui nh ny Ngh vin cng s
khng th d dng sa lut nhm tm cch can thip vo cng tc xt x ca Ta n Hin php.
6 Xem thm: V Tr Ho, Philipp Kunig, c trng ca m hnh ti phn Hin php c, Nghin cu lp
php. Vn phng quc hi, S 8 (4/2009), tr. 5257.

7 Ta n Hin php lin bang ch lm vic da trn c s c khiu kin. Chc nng ca Ta n Hin
php khc vi c quan hnh chnh khng phi l thi hnh Hin php hay lut, m l bo v Hin php
v php lut.
8 Xem: Wernsmann, Konkrete Normenkontrolle (Art. 100 Abs. 1 GG), Jura 2005, S. 328.
9 Xem: Jarass/Pieroth, Grundgesetz fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Kommentar, 11. Aufl., 2011,
Art. 93, Rn. 19 f.
10 Xem: Jarass/Pieroth, Grundgesetz fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Kommentar, 11. Aufl., 2011,
Art. 93, Rn. 5 f.
11 Xem: Hillgruber/Goos, Verfassungsprozessrecht, 2. Aufl. 2006; Alleweldt, BVerfG und
Fachgerichtsbarkeit 2006.
12T.Koch, Bestandsschutz fr Parlamente? berlegungen zur Wahlfehlerfolgenlehre, DVBl 2000,
1093; Roth, Subjektiver Wahlrechtsschutz und seine Beschrnkungen durch das
Wahlprfungsverfahren, FS Grahof, 1998, S. 53.
13 Xem thm cc phn quyt ca Ta n Hin php lin bang: BVerfGE 4, 27/30f.; BVerfGE 11,
239/241ff.
14 Xem: Kunig, Der Bundesprsident, Jura 1994, S. 217f.; Kilian, Der Bundesprsident als
Verfassungsorgan, JuS 1988, S. 33.
15 Xem: Zuck, Das Recht der Verfassungsbeschwerde, 3. Aufl., 2006; Hain, Die
Individualverfassungsbeschwerde nach Bundesrecht, 2002.
16 S liu thng k thc t ca Ta n Hin php lin bang c v gii quyt cc v vic ca Ta n
Hin php lin bang c t ngy 7/9/1951 n ngy 31/12/2007 cng b ti website chnh thc ca
Ta n hin php lin bang c ti a
ch:http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/organisation/gb2007/A-I-1.html truy cp gn nht ngy
3/4/2012.
17 Hai ngnh Lut v Y khoa l ngnh i hi tiu chun u vo cao cng nh qu trnh o to lu
nht nc c. c c chng nhn kt thc k thi quc gia th hai Assessor, kt thc qu trnh
o to lut chnh thc (die voll-juristische Ausbildung), mt sinh vin lut trung bnh phi mt t 9
n 10 nm theo hc. y l iu kin cn mt ngi c th hnh ngh lut nh Lut s, thm
phn, cng chc, cng t vin hoc tip tc nghin cu trng i hc hay mt Vin nghin cu.
(Xem thm: Nigel Foster, Satish Sule, German Legal System and Laws, 3. Edition, Oxford, 2008, p. 86).
18 iu kin tr thnh Gio s i hc (Professor) c rt kht khe. Ngoi vic c chng nhn
Assessor, sau khi bo v thnh cng lun n tin s (Doktorarbeit), ngi c hc v tin s phi tip tc
tch ly nhiu iu kin khc nh: 1. Hon thnh bc sau tin s (Habilitation), bo v thnh cng ti
sau tin s (Habilitationsschrift); 2. Tch ly cc cng trnh khoa hc; 3. Tch ly kinh nghim
ging dy v 4. c mt trng i hc cng nhn v b nhim. (Xem thm: Nigel Foster, Satish
Sule, German Legal System and Laws, 3. Edition, Oxford, 2008, p. 88).
19 Lut thm phn ca c ln u tin c cng b ngy 8/9/1961, ti Cng bo s 1 nm 1961 t
trang 1665, c hiu lc thi hnh ngy 1/7/1962. o lut ny c sa i, b sung, c cng b ln
th hai ngy 19/4/1972, ng trn Cng bo s 1 nm 1972, t trang 713.
20 H. Maurer, Staatsrecht I, 6. Aufl. 2010, 19, Rn.128.
21 Xem: iu 13 Khon 1 Lut t chc Ta n Hin php lin bang (GeschO BVerfG); Grpl, Staatsrecht
I, 3. Aufl. 2011, Rn. 1611ff.
22 Xem c th Lut v thu nhp ca thnh vin Ta n Hin php lin bang (Gesetz ber das
Amtsgehalt der Mitglieder des Bundesverfassungsgerichts) c ban hnh ngy 28/02/1964, cng b
ti Cng bo nm 1964, quyn 1, t trang 133, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 1/7/1964.
23 Theo danh mc bng lng 4, nhm R, Lut tr lng ca lin bang: Anlage IV Tabelle R zum
Bundesbesoldungsgesetz, cp nht n 28/2/2011.
24 Grpl, Staatsrecht I, 3. Aufl. 2011, Rn. 1611ff.

25 H. Maurer, Staatsrecht I, 6. Aufl. 2010, 19, Rn.128.

Sinh vin hc c c quyn lm th mi ngi thn qua c thm. Cch lm cng kh n gin.
Lu bn ch lm th mi trc ngy d nh i khong 3 thng max, h ko cp sm cho mnh.
Giy t bao gm : th sinh vin, th tm tr (VISA), copy h chiu ca ngi mun mi ( ly thng
tin in form thi), a ch thng tr VN ca ngi c mi.
Ni lm: Bn mang giy t ln Immigration office (Mnh lm Freiberg, Sachen) ( mnh ko bit ting
c, cng ko bit dch ting Vit sao, ch m bn xin gia hn Visa ), ngi ta s a n cho mnh
in, hi 1 s thng tin nh h hng nh th no vi ngi c mi, qua c s u (Ba mnh ni
l ba m qua thm mnh nhng s nh d mnh, thy n ko hi thm g ). 1 ngi mi c b m,
ba mnh mi c anh mnh na, tng cng l 3, mi u n ko chu cho anh mnh, nhng ngh sao
n bo thi ko sao.
Chi ph mi 1 ngi l 25 (thng 5 /2012). Mnh mi 3 ngi cng 25 (chc lm chung 1 th mi).
Tng cng in n, hi han , k giy khong 20p. Sau bn gi bn gc v nh ngi thn lm
th tc. Bn c th vo trang web DSQ c VN ly list giy t cn thit (passport, hnh, v may
bay, bo him, chng minh ti chnh,...). Nu ngi thn >60t, phi c giy khm sc khe chng
minh iu kin i my bay dng di +du lch. Ba m mnh lm HCM, np giy t ch hi qua
thm ai,ht. 3 ngy sau c VISA. Chc bn may mn.
Ch i, ngi c mi c phi trn 16 tui khng ?
yu cu chng minh ti chnh c th l sao ? ti thiu l bao nhiu nghn Euro?
thi gian ngi thn mnh c li c l bao lu vy ch?
ci hp ngi c mi li lun. Chng minh ti chnh ko qui nh c v tui mnh ko rnh, nhng
mnh ngh tui chu trch nhim trong trng th, nhng cng nhiu th cng d xin visa. Ba m
mnh th a giy t s hu nh l c.
Cho mnh hi l mnh l ngi mi th c b phong ta trong ti khon 1 khon tin trong thi gian mnh
mi ngi nh sang thm ko? v d ngi ta s tnh thi gian ngi nh mnh sang thm l bao lu,
tnh ra l mt bao nhiu tin
Cho mnh hi l mnh l ngi mi th c b phong ta trong ti khon 1 khon tin trong thi gian mnh
mi ngi nh sang thm ko? v d ngi ta s tnh thi gian ngi nh mnh sang thm l bao lu,
tnh ra l mt bao nhiu tin
vi mnh l sinh vin th ko cn chng minh ti chnh. Ngi c mi phi chng minh ti chnh.
Trong trng hp bn i lm, ban phi chng minh ti chnh (th ngi c mi ko cn chng
minh). Lng 2,700/thng ( sau thu, c thn) s mi c 2 ngi ( nu bn c gia nh, c con th
lng qui nh s khc v h xt bn cn tin nui con na) . Nu lng bn ko mi th bn c th
np th chn 3,000/1 ngi. Sau khi ngi c mi v nc, bn s ly li tin trn. Trong trng
hp ngi c mi trn li, bn b pht 30,000/ngi. (qui inh Regensburg thang
5/2012). VISA s l 3 thng.
T ngy 27.03 tr i khi bn mun ng 1 tin tm Mitfahr trn mitfahrgelegenheit.de bn s phi tr
ph 11% trn gi tin i Mitfahr trn cc on ng trn 100km cho bn mitfahrgelegenheit.de. Chnh
v gi y ai mun ng tin trn Mitfahr u bt buc phi s dng h thng Buchungssystem ca
Mitfahr ai mun i th phi t qua h thng ca mitfahrgelegenheit.de.
V th s in thoi ca ngi ng tin Mitfahr gi y cng s b n i. Ai mun lin h vi ngi ng
tin th u phi s dng form lin h trn trang mitfahrgelegenheit.de lin lc.

Nhng thay i mi trn trang mitfahrgelegenheit.de lm hn ch i s linh hot vn c ca vic i

Mitfahr, ngoi ra vic a ph 11% vo c kh nng s lm tng gi i Mitfahr trong thi gian ti trn
trang mitfahrgelegenheit.de.
Tuy nhin thay th cho trang mitfahrgelegenheit.de hin ti cng c rt nhiu trang web mi
c ra i cho mi ngi c th tm kim v ng tin i Mitfahr min ph.
y l danh sch nhng website mi thay th cho trang mitfahrgelegenheit.de:
http://www.fahrgemeinschaft.de/
http://www.drive2day.de/
http://flinc.org/
http://www.bessermitfahren.de/
http://www.blablacar.de/
Vi nhng trang web mi dnh cho vic tm kim Mitfahr, chng ta li c nhiu la chn hn na.
Ngun: ketnoi.de
Va ri mnh c tm c 1 phng trong Studentwohnheim Kaiserslautern ca 1 ch ngi Vit cho
thu li. Hin ti ch ang Vit Nam nn mnh c gp 1 cht kh khn. Mnh mun hi khi
Anmeldung c cn Mietvertrag khng (c ngi bo vi mnh cn, c ngi th bo khng).
- Nu cn th hin ti mnh khng c th nh vy c ri ro g khng (khong 3 thng)?
- Nu khng cn th khi mnh Anmeldung c, h s lm visa t ch c ca mnh s c chuyn
xung Kaiserslautern, khi y c kh nng Auslaenderamt i Mietvertrag,...(bn mnh b 1 trng hp
nh vy). Lc ny mnh ly th mnh ly Mietvertrag ca ch cho thu vi Studentenheim c khng?
Anh mnh cng t vn l nn ly a ch ca 1 ngi quen Kaiserslautern Anmeldung. Nu h s
c gi xung th a Mietvertrag ca ngi cho Auslaenderamt v lc ny mnh di dng
Untermiete.
Theo cc bn mnh c nn lm theo li anh mnh ko? hay l tm 1 thng ri thu nh c Mietvertrag
trc tip vi ch nh
Mt trong nhng iu tuyt vi nht m du hc sinh c c chnh l nhng c hi c sng chung
vi ngi bn x. Di y l 5 l do bn nn sng cng ngi dn bn x trong thi gian du hc
nc ngoi
Bn cng c th cng cc thnh vin quy qun trong ba n gia nh vi khng kh m m thng
yu nh nhng ngy cn sinh sng v hc tp trong nc.Bn c th vui v chuyn tr v c nghe
cc thnh vin chia s nhng kinh nghim qu bu ca cuc sng.
Bn khng th c nhng pht giy khi sng nh tr hay k tc x sinh vin.
Ha nhp vi cuc sng mi khi du hc cng gia nh ngi bn a (nh minh ha - ngun internet)
1. Tng kh nng ngoi ng
Nu bn ang sinh sng v hc tp ti nc ngoi th sng cng ngi dn bn x l cch hiu qu
nht gip bn pht trin k nng nghe ni ngoi ng ca mnh. Bn c c hi sng trong mt mi
trng m ngoi ng c s dng mt cch t nhin nht, ni m cc thnh vin lun sn sng gip
bn sa cch pht m cng nh cch s dng ngn t v ng iu.

2. Tm hiu vn ha v phong tc tp qun

Sng cng gia nh ngi bn x cng c th gip bn tm hiu, tip cn v ha mnh vo mi trng
vn ha mi mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu nht. Bn c mt trong nhng dp sum hp gia nh
vo ngy cui tun, c hc cch chun b nhng mn n truyn thng hay cng h mng n nhng
l hi vn ha trong nm.
3. c chia s kinh nghim cuc sng
Tht ng tic nu bn c dp n sinh sng v hc tp ti mt min t mi m khng bit mnh nn
i u hay lm g vo thi gian rnh ri. Bn c th c trong tay tm bn thnh ph nhng liu bn
c th tm thy nhng qun bar vi hng v caf m kh qun nht hay nhng tim n m
mt ln n l mt ln nh mi? Bn bi ri khi khng bit phi mc c nh th no hay lm sao
mua hng vi gi hp l nht khi i shopping min t mi. Bn s nhn c nhng li khuyn hu
ch t nhng ngi dn bn x giu kinh nghim.
4. Nh mt thnh vin ca gia nh
Trong thi gian u khi phi xa gia nh, bn b v nhng g thn thuc nht, bn kh c th trnh
c cm gic c n v ni nh nh da dit. Nu bn c c hi sng cng ngi dn bn x, bn s
c cm gic c l mt thnh vin trong gia nh cng vi nhng tnh cm m m thng yu nht.
H lun dnh cho bn s quan tm v chia s nh mt ngi thn thit, lun sn sng gip bn
trong kh khn v ha chung nim vui vi bn.
5. C hi kt bn vi nhng sinh vin quc t
Cn g tuyt vi hn khi bn c dp gp g, lm quen v kt bn vi nhng sinh vin cng sng v hc
tp trong thnh ph. Bn c th cng h t t chc nhng ba tic, hay nhng bui picnic vo ngy
cui tun v cng nhau tn gu s chia nhng kinh nghim qu bu khi hc tp v sng xa gia nh.
Gia nh ngi bn x s gip bn c c hi gp g vi bn b v hng xm ca h.
C nhiu cch xem clip bn quyn trn Youtube, cc din n ting c cng hng dn kh nhiu
nh i ip nhng mnh thy rc ri v khng hiu qu. Mnh c 1 anh gii thiu cho addon Proxtube,
dng rt tt 1 thi gian th cng bt u ngm. Li my m tm kim th thy c 1 comment ca 1
thnh vin trn trang Proxtube.com c gii thiu bn 1.4.7 vn chy tt.
Nu t Firefox bn vo trang addon ca mozilla v search Proxtube s ch ra bn 1.4.2 v bn ny
khng dng c. Hy unterladen bn 1.4.7 theo link sau v ci t bng Firefox:
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/proxtube/versions/?page=1#version-1.4.7
Vi Firefox th vy cn vi Chrome v IE mnh khng dng nn khng r.
Cch dng: n gin l khi bn tm kim trn youtube th t ng n chn ht cc clip c bn
quyn, nn bn phi tm kim qua Proxtube thy c nhng clip b n . Vn tm nh thng, ri
n vo ch "Proxtube Search" ngay bn di thanh tm kim ca Youtube. V cui cng l thng thc
clip thi.

Vi my bn no qua y cha bit ebay th nn ng k ngay mt account hoc ch t tm hiu su v

ebay l mt trong nhng mng online shopping tin cy cao c v gi c rt phi chng nu bn
may mn v lc li khi mua. iu kin cn ch l mt ti khon tn dng credit ( khuyn nn dng v
credit account c protecting layer cho cc v mua bn la o, ni dng di nhng chung
quy th n rt an ton v bn s c ti 2 lp bo v) hoc mt ti khon mt nh bng bt k
c ( thng nht vn l Deutsche bank v sparkasse). cc bc ng k:

1. ng k account, nh in ng phn a ch, konto nr. v bankleitzahl, v tn ca bn.

2. sau khi ng k thnh cng, bn log in, tm phn to ti khon paypal v chuyn sang ng
k thm mt ti khon paypal ( lu ko b qua bc paypal v y chnh l cch thanh ton c bo
v bi chnh ebay, nm na l sau ny c b la th c nhm ci n khiu ni m ngoy, ebay n thy
hp l th s mc ti khon paypal ca thng kia tr tin cho bn)
3. ng k paypal th bn link ti khon ngn hng ca bn vo hoc ti khon credit, xong n s gi
50 cents tng trng vo ti khon ca bn vi 4 con s mt c lu trong giy bo ti khon m
bn in t trong nh bng ( lu vic chuyn ny c th mt vi ba ngy)
4. sau khi c c 4 s th bn vo paypal account confirm. xong th by gi bt tay vo mua sm
thi.
Cn y l kinh nghim khi mua hng trn ebay hehe
1. mua auktion thng r hn mua sofort kaufen v n l bn u gi, nhiu mt hng thng bt u
t...1 euro. nhng bn phi kin tr theo di v cng st ngy ng ca item th gi s vt t bin, ty
theo ni ting ca mn hng hay s ngi tham gia. mnh hay u gi my ci fuballsanzuge nn
ton kim c o qun xn t hng adidas m gi th r hn mua tim ti 3 4 ln. ni chung l rt r. vi
li auktion cng l mt dng tm l chin, rt th on v tinh vi v nhiu ngi c th d b cuc sau
ch vi ln u gi.
2. cc cng knh ko nn mua, v ngi bn ch cho php bn n ni m ly ch ko c chuyn hng
( l d nhin)
3. xem s lng rating ca ngi bn, thng tin cy nht s l 100%, nhng bn nn c gng c cc
comment ca nhng ngi mua khc trong vng 1 thng tr li v n s phn nh xc thc thng ny
lm n c ng hong ko.
4. phng php chuyn hng ca ngi bn thng c lit k, tt nht vn l dhl v n mt ci
tracking number cho php bn kim tra qu trnh vn chuyn trn trang web ca dhl. nhng nu ko c
th standardsversand vn tt
5. tt nhin khi mua bn s c ng vc, v th ng ngi ngng gi email thc gic ngi bn nu nghi
ng, nu n tr li v thc hin mua bn nhanh gn th cho n ci positive rating vi comment nh l
super, schnelle Kaufabwicklung hay i loi th th n vn vui v cho bn 100% rating ngc li.
6. cui cng l hn ch mua hng t dng thanh ton berweisung tc l chuyn khon ngn hng,
mt l ko i c u. c paypal m lm thi.
7. khi mua , nhn vo ci nh coi n l nh qung co hay l do chnh ngi bn chp hnh. sofort
kaufen thng cng cho nh qung co nhng nhng ngi bn theo kiu ny ch yu l t ca hng
nn h lm n rt ng hong, cn auktion th phi coi chng. ni chung l cng cn thn chn
cng tt.
8. ng v ham mt ci g him ( kiu nh mnh su tp giy bng cc version c ca adidas m
gi ht thi) m b qua cc bc trn v ebay lc ny ko c th lc khc c. hy nhn ni.
Nu bn lc li v may mn th s rt tin dng cho vic sm sau ny v cng tin dn hng thi
khi mnh v nc. happy shopping hehe
1. Visa bo lnh
Visa dng cho nhng ai xin i du hc t tc ti c. Ton b giy t nn dch v cng chng ting c
Ngi i ti Vit Nam

1. 03 t khai xin Visa di hn c in v dn nh y . T khai ny phi c khai bng ting

Anh hoc ting c. Mu t khai c th xin ti SQ c.
2. H chiu ph thng hp l, c ngi i k tn.
3. Giy nhp hc ca mt trng i hc hoc cao ng c.
4. H s sinh vin bao gm: Bng v hc b cp 3, v giy bo trng tuyn i hc, giy chng nhn
ang theo hc ti mt trng i hc ti Vit Nam, bng im tnh n thi im xin i hc.
5. Ngoi ng. Cc chng trnh i hc (Diplome) u bng ting c, yu cu trnh ting c ti
thiu cp c bn II (DaF Grundstufe II - tng ng t 250 n 300 tit) lm c s sinh vin c
th tip tc theo hc mt kho hc ting c c. Cc chng trnh MSc hoc PhD c th bng ting
anh, khi yu cu ti thiu TOEFL khong 500-550, hoc IELTS khong 5-5.5.
6. S yu l lch (CV) Khai theo tng thi gian v ghi r cc thi gian sinh vin khng i hc cng nh
khng i lm.
7. L lch t php do S t php thnh ph, tnh cp.
Ngi bo lnh ti c
8. Giy bo lnh v cam kt ca ngi bo lnh bn c do S Ngoi kiu ni ngi bo lnh sng cp
trong vng 6 thng k t ngy k.
9. Chng nhn thu nhp ca ngi bo lnh. Nu gia nh ca sinh vin t tr mi chi ph lin quan
n sinh hot v hc tp ca sinh vin, th phi np mt chng nhn v vic sinh vin s hu mt ti
khon tit kim vi s tin l 6.000 Euro (su ngn).
10. Chng nhn v nh Din tch ti thiu cho 1 ngi l 9 m2
Nu trc khi vo hc i hc, sinh vin phi hc mt kho Ting c ti c, th phi c thm:
9. Giy chp nhn tham d kha hc ny do Trng i hc bn c cp, km theo bn photokopy.
10. Bng chng v vic tr tin cho kho hc (Invoice, confirmation, etc.)
Ty thuc vo mi trng hp c th, a s qun c th s yu cu thm cc giy t khc, v d
chng nhn HIV m tnh, vv. Vic ny ch thng bo bng ming cho ngi lm n bit.
2. Visa thm thn
Visa dng cho nhng ai mun sang thm thn nhn (B, m v chng, con ci, vv) ang du hc hoc
sng ti c trong thi hn di 3 thng. Ton b giy t nn dch v cng chng ting c.
Ngi i ti Vit Nam
1. 02 t n xin Visa thi hn di 90 ngy c in v dn nh y (do i s qun cp). n
ny c th khai bng Ting c, Anh, Php hoc Ting Vit.
2. H chiu ph thng Vit Nam c gi tr. H chiu ny phi c ch k ca ngi c cp
3. Giy xc nhn ca c quan ng cho ngh php i thm ngi thn, nu ngi i ang cng
tc
4. L lch t php do S t php thnh ph, tnh cp.
Ngi mi ti c
5. Giy mi v cam kt s dng mu thng nht ton lin bang theo iu 84, Khon 1 Lut Ngai kiu
Cng ha Lin bang c c S Ngai kiu ni ngi mi sng chng nhn ch k trong vng 6 thng
k t ngy k. Khi np giy ny cn np km theo hai bn photokopy. Khi nhn visa i s qun s tr
li ngi i mt bn ngi i mang theo khi i. Trong khun kh vic xem xt cp Visa cn thm tra
bit ngi mi c kh nng m bo cho cam kt ca mnh khng. Vic thm tra c th do i
s qun hoc S Ngoi kiu tin hnh.
6. Bn sao c cng chng h chiu ca ngi mi ang sng ti c, trong nht thit phi c
trang c giy php c tr.
7. Cc giy t h tch gii trnh mi quan h ca ngi mi v ngi c mi (V d: Giy khai sinh,
giy kt hn v.v..). Nu gia hai bn khng c quan h h hng, ngi mi phi c thm mt giy vit
tay ni r l do mi.
8. Chng nhn v thu nhp (Bn sao cng chng hp ng lao ng)
Sau khi c i s qun ng cp visa, ngi i c th phi trnh
9. Bo him y t du lch c gi tr cho c thi gian sang thm. Bo him ny c th mua ti cc c quan
bo him Cng ha Lin bang c.
10. V my bay kh hi.

Ty vo mi trng hp i s qun c th yu cu trnh thm cc giy t khc. v d chng nhn HIV

m tnh, vv. Vic ny ch thng bo bng ming cho ngi lm n bit
3. Visa on t (Visum fr Familienzusammen)
Visa dng cho nhng ai mun sang on t vi v hoc chng ang du hc hoc sng ti c. Ton b
giy t nn dch v cng chng ting c.
Ngi i ti Vit Nam
1. 03 t khai xin Visa di hn c in v dn nh y . T khai ny phi c khai bng ting
Anh hoc ting c. Mu t khai c th xin ti SQ c.
2. H chiu ph thng Vit Nam c gi tr. H chiu ny phi c ch k ca ngi c cp
3. Giy xc nhn ca c quan ng cho ngh vic i on t gia nh, nu ngi i ang cng tc
4. L lch t php do S t php thnh ph, tnh cp.
Ngi mi ti c
5. Giy mi v cam kt s dng mu thng nht ton lin bang theo iu 84, Khon 1 Lut Ngai kiu
Cng ha Lin bang c c S Ngai kiu ni ngi mi sng cp v chng nhn ch k trong vng
6 thng k t ngy k. Khi np giy ny cn np km theo hai bn photokopy. Khi nhn visa i s
qun s tr li ngi i mt bn ngi i mang theo khi i. Trong khun kh vic xem xt cp Visa
cn thm tra bit ngi mi c kh nng m bo cho cam kt ca mnh khng. Vic thm tra
c th do i s qun hoc S Ngoi kiu tin hnh. c c giy mi ny, ngi mi phi chun b
cc giy t sau (6, 7, 8, 9, 10) mang n S ngoi kiu lm th tc.
6. n xin bo lnh s dng mu do S ngoi kiu cp. Ngi mi c th phi thm mt giy vit tay
ni r l do mi.
7. Bn sao cng chng h chiu ca ngi mi ang sng ti c, trong nht thit phi c trang c
giy php c tr hoc Visa di hn (trn 2 nm).
8. Cc giy t h tch gii trnh mi quan h ca ngi mi v ngi c mi (V d: Giy khai sinh,
ng k kt hn v.v..).
9. Chng nhn v thu nhp (Bn sao cng chng hp ng lao ng)
10. Chng nhn v nh (Hp ng nh) Din tch ti thiu cho 1 ngi l 9 m2
Sau khi c i s qun ng cp visa, ngi i c th phi trnh
11. Bo him y c th mua ti cc c quan bo him Cng ha Lin bang c.
12. V my bay.
Ty thuc vo mi trng hp c th, a s qun c th s yu cu thm cc giy t khc, v d
chng nhn HIV m tnh, vv. Vic ny ch thng bo bng ming cho ngi lm n bit.
4. Visa kt hn
Visa dng cho nhng ai mun sang kt hn vi ngi ang c tr hp php ti c. Ton b giy t
nn dch v cng chng ting c.
Ngi i:
1. 03 t n xin cp Visa di hn (n ny do i s qun cp min ph). n phi khai bng Ting Anh
hoc Ting c.
2. H chiu ph thng Vit Nam c gi tr ca ngi i.
3. Cc giy t h tch phi np km:
a. Giy chng nhn c thn do y ban nhn dn x/phng ca ngi i cp
b. Nu li hn, phi c bn n li hn,
c. Bng chng v vic d nh kt hn bn c, v d:
Giy xc nhn ca Phng h tch c hoc
Giy cng b ca phng h tch v cuc hn nhn hoc
n xin min giy chng nhn iu kin kt hn
Cc giy t nu trn phi np bn gc (hoc bn sao c cng chng). Nu ng s c giy chng
nhn iu kin kt hn, th khng phi np cc giy mc a), b), c) nu trn.
Ngi mi:
4. Mt t n (khng theo mu) mi i kt hn
5. Bn sao h chiu cng chng

6. Giy ng k thng tr
7. Chng nhn v nh Din tch ti thiu cho 1 ngi l 9 m2
Ty thuc vo mi trng hp v trn c s kin ca S Ngoi kiu c, i s qun c th yu cu
thm cc giy t khc.
5. Visa bo lnh ca GS
Visa dng cho nhng ai c GS c nhn vo lm NCS. Ton b giy t nn dch v cng chng ting
c
Ngi i ti Vit Nam
1. 03 t khai xin Visa di hn c in v dn nh y . T khai ny phi c khai bng ting
Anh hoc ting c. Mu t khai c th xin ti SQ c.
2. H chiu ph thng hp l, c ngi i k tn.
3. Giy bo lnh ca GS.
4. L lch t php do S t php thnh ph, tnh cp.
Ty thuc vo mi trng hp c th, a s qun c th s yu cu thm cc giy t khc, v d
chng nhn HIV m tnh, vv. Vic ny ch thng bo bng ming cho ngi lm n bit.
K t nm 2013, nhiu chnh sch v bo him x hi, ti chnh hay vin thng s c thay i. Di
y l s thay i trong mt s chnh sch x hi:
1. Bo him y t: i vi nhng ngi c lng cao, mc ng gp bo him y t nh nc s cao hn.
iu ny c quy nh trong mc gii hn ng gp. Trc y, gii hn ny l 3825 euro, nay tng
ln 3937,50 euro. Nh vy, vi mc 8,2% m ngi lao ng phi ng gp, h s phi np thm
khong 9 euro.
Nhng ai mun chuyn i sang bo him y t t nhn, trong nm 2013 s phi kim c t nht l
52.200 euro (trc y l 50.850 euro).
2. Bo him hu tr: Tin vui cho nhng ngi ng bo him hu tr nh nc: Mc ng gp gim
0,7%, xung 18,9%. Nu c thu nhp Brutto l 2000 euro th s c gim khong 7 euro tin ng
bo him hu tr. Nu mc lng l 5000 euro th s gim c khong 17,50 euro.
Tuy nhin, trch nhim bo him vi ngi thu nhp cao s c gim rt t. Mc gii hn ng gp
trong bo him hu tr s tng t 5600 euro ln 5800 euro Ty c, v t 4800 euro ln 4900 euro
ng c.
3. Bo him chm sc: Mc ng gp bo him chm sc s tng t 1,95% ln 2,05%, chia u cho
ngi ch lao ng v ngi lao ng. Ngi c bo him trn 23 tui v khng c con s phi tip
tc ng thm 0,25%. Nhng ngi ngh hu s phi ng gp hon ton khon bo him ny.
4. Hartz IV: Ngi nhn Hartz IV s c nhn thm 8 euro mt thng, ln 382 euro. Khon tin ny p
dng cho ngi trng thnh, nhng i tng khc n theo cng s c tng ln mt phn tng
ng.
5. Minijob: Mc gii hn min thu i vi loi cng vic Minijob c tng t 400 euro ln 450 euro.
Tuy nhin, nhng ngi lm vic ny s khng hon ton c min cc khon ng gp x hi nh
trc. Trc y, ngi ch lao ng phi tr 15% cho bo him hu tr v mc ng gp thm cho
bo him hu tr ca ngi lm Minijob l t nguyn, th nay ngi lao ng phi gnh 3,9%. Cc quy
nh trn y ch p dng vi cc hp ng lao ng mi.
6. Tin chm sc v ch chm sc tr em: Cha m ca nhng a tr t 1 ti 3 tui c quyn yu cu
nhn c mt ch chm sc cho con mnh ti nh tr hoc mt c s chm sc ban ngy. Nu cc
thnh ph khng m bo c iu ny, cha m c quyn i bi thng thng qua to n.
Ngoi ra, nu cha m khng a con n cc c s chm sc th s nhn c 100 euro cho mi a
con. Hin vn cha r khon tin ny s c chuyn trc tip vo ti khon ca cha m hay thng

qua phiu mua hng (Gutschein).

7. Tin cha m: Mt quyt nh sa i v tnh ton tin cha m (Elterngeld) ca quc hi vo ma h
2012 nhng khng c d lun ch nhiu: Trc y, tin cha m c tnh da trn mc thu nhp
trung bnh ca 12 thng cui cng trc khi sinh con, nhng t nm 2013, s tin ny c tnh da
vo phn thu nhp rng (Bruttoverdienst) tr i 21% cho cc khon ng gp x hi. Nh vy, nu mt
ngi c thu nhp rng t 2000 ti 3000 euro trc khi sinh con, th s tin Elterngeld s b gim
khong 10 euro.
8. Xe but ng di: Hng ng st Deutsche Bahn s phi ng u vi s cnh tranh ln t u
nm vi vic t do ho trong dch v xe but ng di. Cc cng ty xe but c php m cc tuyn
c l trnh di hn 50km. Hin c nhiu cng ty bt u chin dch kinh doanh ny. Mc tiu ca h
l hng ti nhng hnh khch tr tui v ngi gi c nhiu thi gian v ti tin eo hp ang tm
kim mt dch v r hn ng st. Ngay c nhng ngi c xe ring cng c th tr thnh khch
hng ca dch v ny trong thi k nhin liu t .
9. Gi xng du: Vic tm kim mt ca hng xng du gi r s nhanh chng v n gin hn: Nhng
ngi ch cy xng phi bo co cho mt trung tm v s thay i gi xng du ca h. Cc canh
tranh lin bang thnh lp mt trung tm nh vy nhm kim sot gi xng du v lu vo d liu
my tnh.
Thng qua internet, nhng ngi li xe c th d dng tm c mt trm xng gi c hp l k t ma
h ti. H cng c th s dng my ch ng hoc mt phn mm trn in thoi tm kim. Trc
y, ngi ta cng c th so snh gi xng du trn internet, nhng gi do nhng ngi mua hng
cp nht m khng phi do chnh ngi bn xng du thng bo. Ngoi ra, vic cp nht cng
khng c thng xuyn nn c th khng ng thc t.
10. Thi hn ca giy php li xe: Trc y, giy php li xe c cp ra s c gi tr trong sut cuc
i ca ngi c cp. Tuy nhin, k t ngy 19.1, cc loi giy php li xe mi s ch c gi tr trong
vng 15 nm, sau s c i sang mt giy php khc. Mc d vy, ngi ch s khng phi tham
gia st hch li v cng khng cn kim tra y t.
Cc giy php li xe c (cp trc ngy 19.1) s c hiu lc ti nm 2033, sau s phi i sang giy
php mi. V mt l do no m ngi li xe phi thay i giy php, th loi giy php mi cng ch
c hiu lc 15 nm.
11. Phn hng giy php li xe mi: T ngy 19.1, cc hng giy php li xe s c sp xp li. Hng
A1 (m-t c xi lanh di 125 phn khi) c b sung thm mt s iu kin v t l cng sut v
khi lng. Mt chic xe nng 100kg khng c php c cng sut ln hn 10 kilo-oat (13,6PS). Ngoi
ra, vic gii hn tc cho loi xe 125 phn khi trc y s c loi b. Nhng ngi mi c bng
li xe A1 t 16 ti 17 tui cng s c php chy xe vi tc cao hn 80km/h.
Mt hng giy php mi c a ra l hng AM dnh cho nhng ngi t 16 tui tr ln: Hng ny p
dng vi cc loi xe c gii 2 bnh, 3 bnh v 4 bnh c nh, c tc cao nht l 45km/h, c th tch
xi lanh 50 phn khi hoc c cng sut 4 kilo-oat. Trc y, hng xe ny c gi l M v S.
Hng giy php li xe A2 dnh cho nhng ngi t 18 ti 23 tui cng c thay i, thay th cho
hng A trc y. Hng A2 p dng vi cc loi m-t c cng sut ti 35 kilo-oat, c t trng 0,2 kilooat trn mt kilogam. Sau hai nm, nhng ngi s hu loi giy php ny phi tham gia st hch l
thuyt v thc hnh i ln hng A. (Nhng ngi c giy php hng A khng b nh hng bi
iu lut mi ny).
Cng t ngy 19.1, nhng ai mun iu khin loi xe 3 bnh Trike, phi t nht 21 tui v c giy php
li xe hng A.
12. Tin h tr mua b lc kh s gim: Nhng ai mun lp mt b lc kh cho chic xe chy du Diesel
ca mnh s c tr cp t hn t C quan kim sot xut khu v kinh t lin bang (Bundesamt fr

Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle). K t u nm, s tin ny gim t 330 euro xung 260 euro.
13. Ph xem truyn hnh ng hng cho h gia nh: Ph truyn hnh t nm 2013 s c thu ng
hng theo tng h gia nh, khng ph thuc vo s thit b m gia nh ny s hu. Trung tm thu ph
truyn hnh GEZ s c i tn thnh ARD ZDF Deutschlandradio Beitragsservice. Mi gia nh s
phi np mt khon ph 17,98 euro hng thng. Mt cn h chung ca cc sinh vin c nhiu my tnh
v nhiu tivi cng ch phi np ph nh mt ngi ngh hu ch c mt chic radio.
Nhng ngi nhn tr cp x hi nh Bafg tin tht nghip loi II s c min khon ph ny. Tuy
nhin, vi nhng ngi khuyt tt c s thay i ln: Ch nhng ngi ng thi b m v ic mi
c min ph, cn li phi ng 5,99 euro mt thng.
Cc nhn vin i kim tra thu ph ca GEZ trc kia s khng cn cn thit, bi Beitragsservice s ly
a ch ca cc gia nh t cc c quan ng k h khu. Nhng ai khng chu ng k vi
Beitragsservice s phi truy np tnh t thng 1.2013.
14. Gi tem th tng ng k: Trong sut 15 nm qua, chic tem gi mt l th thng thng vi
khi lng di 20 gam vn gi gi 55 cent. Nhng t u nm, gi tem ny tng thm 3 cent, ln
58 cent. Nhng ai vn gi loi tem 55 cent c, c th mua thm tem 3 cent ti cc bu cc hoc qua
internet.
Loi tem th Maxibrief c gi tng thm 20 cent, t 2,20 euro ln 2,40 euro. Loi tem th Grobrief
trc kia c gi 1,45 euro th nay l 1,65 euro. Trong khi , tem gi sch (Bchersendung) loi nh
cng tng t 85 cent ln 1 euro.
15. Thi gian ch i dch v qua in thoi s c min ph: T ngy 1.6.2013, thi gian ch i dch
v qua cc s 0900 hay 0180 s c min ph hon ton. Hin nay, ngi s dng dch v ny c
min ph ch i trong vng 2 pht.
16. Tin mi: T thng 5 ti, loi tin mnh gi 5 euro mi s c a vo lu hnh. Cc loi mnh
gi khc cng s dn c a vo s dng trong nhng nm ti. Nu ch nhn thong qua th ng
tin 5 euro mi khng khc nhiu so vi 5 euro c. Tuy nhin, ng tin mi s c nhiu chi tit kh
lm gi hn, mt s phn s thay i mu sc nu nghing ng tin i mt gc.
17. Tn dng cho hc sinh, sinh vin: Khon tn dng cho hc sinh, sinh vin vay hng thng ca ngn
hng pht trin KfW dao ng t 100 ti 650 euro mt thng. n nay, ngi mun vay tin khng
c qu 34 tui, nhng t hc k ma h ti (bt u t thng 4), gii hn tui s tng ln 44. Vic
hc thm ngnh th hai hoc o to li cng s c h tr.
Ah theo em bit l thi gian i lm thm cho SV tng t 90h thnh 120h. Nhng m sao ti em xin
thc tp, bn cng ty thc tp bo l chuyn li thnh 90h ri, ko phi 120h. V xin thc tp 6 thng
nn n bt ra ch m gia hn visa xin thm giy chng nhn g c th lm 6thng. Sao k vy
nh
There are numerous organisations in Germany which help students and graduates. Here
are some of the most important ones.
AIESEC
The largest international students organisation, AIESEC offers regular contact meetings with
companies at German universities. Companies which want to present themselves to potential new
recruits are invited to take part. You have the chance of introducing yourself in person to potential
employers at a number of meetings during the year. AIESEC is represented at 50 universities in
Germany. To AIESEC(German).
Alumniportal Deutschland

Alumniportal Deutschland is a free social networking site funded by the German government. The
portal not only offers you a chance of keeping in contact with former fellow students and building your
own network of contacts; it also lets you draw up a career profile with your qualifications and to hunt
for vacancies or missions worldwide, including in your home country. To Alumniportal Deutschland.
Foreign nationals' registration offices
Your local foreign nationals' registration office will provide information about rights of residence once
you have completed your studies and explain which regulations apply to you. You will find the
registration office nearest to you on this Web site:www.bamf.de. Some local offices have their own Web
site too.
Federal Employment Agency (BA)
The BA offers a wide-ranging list of different job exchanges in Germany sorted by sector. These include
portals specifically for graduates in engineering and information technology, as well as for doctors and
the health sector. You can find out more here:www.arbeitsagentur.de (German). Moreover, on the BA's
own job exchange page, you can look for internships, trainee posts or voluntary vacancies and, of
course, jobs.To the job exchange (German).
Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF)
On its Internet pages, the BAMF offers comprehensive information about rights of residence in German,
English, Russian and Turkish.
Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi)
The BMWi runs the EXIST grant programme for business start-ups to provide support for students,
research scientists and university graduates when setting up knowledge-intensive technological
companies. You can find out more here (German). The BMWi also has a number of information portals
on setting up a business in Germany (in French, Turkish, Russian and Italian, as well as other
languages:
www.existenzgruender.de
You can find special tips for women wishing to set up their own business here:
www.existenzgruenderinnen.de
In collaboration with other partners, the BMWi has also built the German-language portal nexxtchange.org. This Web site provides information for young academics who are interested in company
management.
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
The DAAD provides detailed information about studying and careers in research in Germany. The
Federal Ministry of Educations "Research in Germany" platform, which is run by the DAAD, provides an
insight into the research scene in Germany. In addition, you can find out about scholarship
programmes directly on the DAAD Web pages and search for current offers to finance your doctoral
studies. You will find a list of Academic Exchange Service offices here: www.daad.de
Chambers of Trade and Industry (IHK)
The chambers of trade and industry provide active support for new entrepreneurs. You can find out
morehere.
IAESTE Deutschland
IAESTE the International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience
organises placements for students of engineering science and the natural sciences, as well as for
students of agriculture and forestry. To the IAESTE Web site.
Student organisations
On the Web site of the German National Association for Student Affairs, you'll find concise information
about funding for graduates and bodies which grant scholarships to young scientists.
German Confederation of Skilled Crafts (ZDH)
ZDHs advisory centre for the self-employed offers funding programmes for business start-ups as well
as information and training events for entrepreneurs and people wishing to set up their own business
(German). You can find out more about this here: www.zdh.de

Viele Organisationen in Deutschland helfen Studierenden sowie Hochschulabgngerinnen

und Hochschulabgngern weiter. Hier finden Sie einige der wichtigsten Anlaufstellen.

AIESEC
Die grte internationale Studierendenvereinigung AIESEC bietet regelmig ein
Firmenkontaktgesprch an deutschen Universitten an. Eingeladen werden Unternehmen, die sich dem
Nachwuchs prsentieren wollen. An verschiedenen Terminen im Jahr knnen Sie sich persnlich bei
potenziellen Arbeitgebern vorstellen. Die Vereinigung ist an 50 (Fach-)Hochschulen in Deutschland
vertreten. Zu AIESEC
Alumniportal Deutschland
Das Alumniportal Deutschland ist ein kostenloses soziales Netzwerk, das von der Bundesregierung
finanziert wird. Das Portal bietet Ihnen nicht nur die Chance, mit ehemaligen Kommilitoninnen und
Kommilitonen in Kontakt zu bleiben und Ihr Netzwerk zu pflegen. Darber hinaus knnen Sie hier auch
ein Karriereprofil mit Ihren Qualifikationen erstellen sowie nach Stellen oder Auftrgen weltweit und in
Ihrem Herkunftsland suchen. Zum Alumniportal Deutschland
Auslnderbehrden
Informationen zu den aufenthaltsrechtlichen Regelungen nach dem Abschluss Ihres Studiums erhalten
Sie bei Ihrer Auslnderbehrde, die Ihnen die auf Sie zutreffenden Regelungen erlutern kann. Eine
Auslnderbehrde in Ihrer Nhe finden Sie auf dieser Webseite: http://www.bamf.de. Einige
Auslnderbehrden bieten auch eigene Informationen im Internet an.
Bundesagentur fr Arbeit (BA)
Die BA bietet eine umfangreiche bersicht ber verschiedene Stellenbrsen in Deutschland, die nach
einzelnen Branchen sortiert ist. Darunter sind auch spezielle Portale fr Absolventinnen und
Absolventen der Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informationstechnologie sowie fr rztinnen und rzte
bzw. fr das Gesundheitswesen. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier:http://www.arbeitsagentur.de.
Auerdem knnen Sie in der hauseigenen Stellenbrse der BA nach Praktika, Trainee- oder
Volontrstellen und natrlich Jobs suchen. Zur Stellenbrse
Bundesamt fr Migration und Flchtlinge (BAMF)
Das BAMF bietet auf seiner Internetseite umfangreiche Informationen zu aufenthaltsrechtlichen
Bestimmungen auf Deutsch, Englisch, Russisch und Trkisch an.
Bundesministerium fr Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi)
Das BMWi bietet das EXIST-Grnderstipendium an: Studierende, Wissenschaftlerinnen und
Wissenschaftler sowie Hochschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen werden bei Grndungen im
wissensintensiven technologischen Bereich untersttzt. Mehr Infos gibt es hier.
Auerdem unterhlt das BMWi verschiedene Informationsportale zum Grndungsgeschehen in
Deutschland (u. a. Franzsisch, Trkisch, Russisch und Italienisch):
www.existenzgruender.de (Deutsch)
Spezielle Hinweise fr Grnderinnen erhalten Sie hier:www.existenzgruenderinnen.de
Gemeinsam mit anderen Partnern hat das BMWi das deutschsprachige Portal nexxtchange.org aufgebaut. Die Webseite informiert junge Akademikerinnen und Akademiker, die sich fr
die Fhrung eines Unternehmens interessieren.
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD)
Der DAAD informiert ausfhrlich zum Thema Studieren und Wissenschaftskarriere in Deutschland.
Einen berblick ber die Forschungslandschaft in Deutschland bietet die vom DAAD betreute und vom
Bundesministerium fr Bildung und Forschung herausgegebene Plattform Research in Germany.
Darber hinaus knnen Sie sich auf den Seiten des DAAD direkt ber Stipendienprogramme
informieren und nach aktuellen Ausschreibungen suchen, um Ihr Promotionsstudium zu finanzieren.
Einen berblick ber die Akademischen Auslandsmter finden Sie hier: www.daad.de
Industrie- und Handelskammern (IHK)
Die IHKs beraten und untersttzen bundesweit Existenzgrnder mit Rat und Tat. Mehr Infos gibt es
hier:www.dihk.de
IAESTE Deutschland
IAESTE International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience organisiert
Praktika fr Studierende der Ingenieurs- und Naturwissenschaften sowie aus der Land- und
Forstwirtschaft. Zur Webseite von IAESTE
Studentenwerke

Auf der Webseite der Deutschen Studentenwerke (Deutsch) finden Sie eine bersicht zur
Graduiertenfrderung und Stiftungen, die Stipendien an den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs vergeben.
Zentralverband des deutschen Handwerks (ZDH)
Die Leitstelle fr freiberufliche Beratung beim ZDH bietet Programme zur Gewerbefrderung sowie
Informations- und Schulungsveranstaltungen fr Unternehmerinnen und Unternehmer sowie fr
Existenzgrnderinnen und Existenzgrnder an (Deutsch). Weitere Informationen dazu finden Sie
hier:www.zdh.de
Source: http://www.make-it-in-germany.com

1.BT TAY:
Ngi c rt thch bt tay v thng lm nh vy c lc gp nhau v lc chia tay. Vic bt tay vi
tng ngi mt khi bn gp g mt nhm cng rt thng dng.
2. UNG RU, BIA:
Bia v ru thng c bao gm trong mt ba ti, bnh thng cc thc ung c cn c dng
mi khch. Tuy nhin, nu bn khng ung th vn hon ton chp nhn c. Khng nn c mi ngi
khc dng bia, ru khi h t chi v ng gi cc thc ung c cn cho h. Khi mt ngi c t
chi khng ung th khng hn l h ngi hay v php lch s, m v h khng mun ung.
3. NG GI:
Khi bn c mt cuc hn hoc gp g ai th ng n mun. Ngi c cc k ng gi v ch cn
bn n mun mt vi pht cng c th khin h kh chu. Hy n sm 5 n 10 pht i vi nhng
cuc hn quan trng v hy gi in bo trc nu bn tht s khng th n ng gi.
4. HOA:
Hy mang theo hoa tng nu bn c mi n nh ngi bn a nhn mt dp no . Nu hoa
c bc trong giy gi, hy nh m lp gi ra ngay trc khi bn bc vo nh.
5. RC:
Ngi c rt thc v vic bo v mi trng v lun phn loi rc thun tin cho vic ti ch.
Nu hng xm ca bn pht hin thy bn nm thy tinh hoc giy c th ti ch c vo thng
rc thng thng, mi quan h ca bn c th tr nn cng thng trong mt thi gian di.
6. G CA:
Khi vo mt vn phng no , thng th bn s g ca trc v m ca bc vo ngay sau . Ngi
c thch tn hng s yn tnh v ring t. Do h thng ng ca phng ca mnh, tuy nhin vn
s vui v n tip nu bn g ca. Mt cnh ca ng khng c ngha l ch nhn khng th b lm
phin.
7. GI IN THOI:
ng gi in thoi v nh ngi khc sau 10 gi m tr khi bn hi kin h trc. Bn ng hy
vng c th gp c ai ti cc vn phng lm vic sau 5 gi chiu t th hai n th nm v sau 4
gi chiu cc ngy th su. Khi tr li in thoi, hy t gii thiu mnh bng h ca bn.
8. DNG BA:
dao v na cho nhau trn a n l mt du hiu cho thy bn vn cha dng ba xong. t dao
v na bn phi song song vi a n l du hiu ngi phc v bit rng bn dng xong v h
c th dn a ca bn.
9. CH NGI TRONG NH HNG:
Vic ngi cng bn vi ngi l khi nh hng ng khch l mt vic rt bnh thng v thng dng
c. Tuy nhin trc khi ngi vo bn, hy ch vo ch cn trng v hi xem c ai ngi hay cha.
Bn c th chc nhng ngi cng bn n ngon ming nhng ng qu trng ch s c nhng cuc
hi thoi ti bn n. Khi bn ng dy, ng qun ni li tm bit nhng ngi ngi cng bn.

10. NNG CC:

Ngi c thng cng ly v ni Chc vui v hoc Chc sc khe trc khi ung. Ti cc bui n
ti trang trng, thng ngi ta s nng cc v gt u nh vi nhng ngi khc. Ch tic s l ngi
nng cc trc. Ti mt bui tic ti hoc trong nh hng, bn khng nn bt u n hoc ung trc
khi tt c mi ngi nhn phn thc n v ung ca mnh.
11. TIN BOA:
Theo thng l c, ngi bi bn s nhn c t 5 n 10% tin boa, hoc bn ch cn lm trn cc
khon tin nh hn.
Khi vo qun n, khch hng u mong i khng kh thoi mi, vui v. Tuy nhin, i khi xy ra
nhng tnh hung khin h kh chu nh bt sp ngui tanh, phc v sai mn, ch n st rut,...
Di y l mt s quyn li ca khch hng v ch ca hng cn bit:
i mn lu: C th c gim 30% ha n nu thc khch phi i na ting tr ln, ngoi tr i
vi nhng ba n c c mn khai v, mn chnh v trng ming, th khch hng phi chu i lu hn
mi pht. Khi i ung lu hn 20 pht, c th c gim 20% - 30% ha n. l phn quyt
ca ta n Landgericht Karlsruhe, n s AZ.IS 196/02 v ta n Amtsgericht Hamburg, n s AZ:20 a C
275/73. Thc khch nn th hin r rng thi khi phi i n, thc ung qu lu, chng hn cho
bi bn bit s b i nu khng c n trong vng 10 pht.
Khi n: C mt nguyn tc thc khch cn bit, phn nn sau khi n xong khng c tc dng. Hy cho
bi bn bit ngay, nu khng hi lng vi mn n, chng hn pht hin si tc trong bt sp. c
xem l sai st m thc khi thc n qu dai, sp ngui, khoai ty qu mn, hay thc n xo chy v
thc khch c yu cu qun lm li mn mi. Trong trng hp pht hin tc trong bt sp, khch
c quyn quyt nh gim gi mn n hay tr li khng cn thanh ton. l phn quyt ca ta n
Amtsgericht Auerbach, n s AZ. c 883/01.
Khng nhn c ha n: Khch hng c quyn ng dy v b i khi i ha n thanh ton qu
30 pht. D nhin, trc , khch phi i ha n thanh ton t nht 3 ln. Tuy vy, b i khng c
ngha khch c min tr tin. Phi li qun tn, a ch h gi ha n thanh ton nu khng
s b buc ti n cp.
t bn: Khi t bn trc, thc khch c th c n b nu phi i ch qu 30 pht. Chnh v
vy nhiu nh hng phi trn bn tm bin Reserviert gi ch cho khch t bn. Trong trng
hp ngc li, qun c quyn i khch bi thng khi t bn m khng n. Tuy nhin, ch qun
phi chng minh c tn tht do khch gy ra (Ta n Landgericht Kiel, n s AZ.:8 S 160/97).
Thc n: Qun khng phi phc v tt c cc mn n ghi trn thc n. Ngoi tr s kh chu ca
khch hng, khng c hu qu g xy ra khi bi bn thng bo ht mn nem, ph hay Steck chng
hn. Tuy nhin, khch c quyn khiu ni, yu cu lm li khi mn n bng ln khng phi mn t.
Khc bit khu v tng vng: khng phi l l do yu cu i mn. Chng hn, mt ngi n t
tiu bang Bayern phi xc nh t tng mn pho mt gan hay xc xch trng t bang Thringen c
mi v khc ni h n. Mn n, thc ung c bi bn cho mi gii thiu rt ngon nhng khi mang
ti khng va ming thc khch, cng khng c xem l sai st. Tuy nhin, khch c quyn khiu ni
khi ung mang ra khng ng nh gii thiu.
Mnh hay xem "TerraX", "maybrit illner", "history" v "log in" trn knh ZDFinfo . Ni chung th knh
chiu rt nhiu chng trnh hay v b ch.
Hm qua i khm bnh mi bit l khng cn tr 10/3 thng nh hi trc na. Ba mi coi tivi thy
ngi ta tho lun thi m gi p dng lun ri. Khng bit mi ngi bit cha nn mnh c
post cho nhng ai cha bit
Lu y c ngha l ti phim, ti nhc trn mng xung m khng tr tin. Vn ha lu ny l c hu
v ng nhin Vit Nam, nn rt nhiu bn khi sang y b nhng c tr tin rt bt ng ln ti
hng trm, lng nhng c khi ln ti c ngn Euro khi b kin, v m ku oan. Mnh th mnh khng

thy oan u , v r rng l phm php.

L do t tin c rt nhiu bn a ra, nhng cc bn cng phi hiu l dn ngh s cng rt i n v
ra c mt sn phm nh vy h mt rt nhiu cng sc... bn phi tr tin nh, nhng h cng
phi tr tin nh v thm t th tin khc to ra mt sn phm tinh thn cho bn hng th.
Tt nhin l bn thn mnh cng khng c tin mua a phim a nhc nhiu nh vy, v nhiu khi bt
c d dng hng lu (khng kim c hng hp php chng hn) th lng tm mnh rt cn rt.
Nhng thi quay li ch chnh v mnh xin chia s vi cc bn cc cch dng hng cha mnh vn
dng:
Cch 1: mn th vin - th vin y khng ch c sch, m cn c CD nhc, sch nghe, phim l
v phim b... nn bn c th lm th th vin (min ph cho sv, hs) mn. Th vin thnh ph th s
c nhiu media gii tr hn cho cc bn hn l th vin trng.
Cch 2: mediathek ca cc knh truyn hnh: nhiu chng trnh c gi trn mediathek mt tun
hoc lu hn cc bn c th xem, hu ht cc phim c pht trn truyn hnh cng nh Tatort,
SOKO, cc phim ti liu, cc phng s... ni chung l nhiu khng xem ht
Cch 3: xem trn myvideo.de c rt nhiu phim, serie th loi t phim hot hnh thiu nhi (Cu b
bt ch Shin Chan chng hn), ti liu, phim kinh d (bt u pht t 22h), hi, thm ch c c nhng
serie chiu trc lch pht trn ti vi (Unforgetable, Misfits). Mediathek c rt nhiu chng trnh chiu
song song vi truyn hnh (Elementary, Jamie Oliver...) thm ch bn no cha tho ting c c th
xem bng ting Anh bng cch nhn nt OV Original Version.
Ngoi ra c trang Web myspass.de cng c nhiu chng trnh hay
Bn no yu thch phim ngn c th xem y: Bn nhn nt like bi vit ny, sau nhn F5 ly
link nh!
Ni chung l v cng nhiu xem khng xu, vy cn g phi ti lu v cho cht ra, lm khi li b kin
tin mt tt mang na...
ct mi: pony schneiden
ct ngn khong n y: ungefhr bis hier schneiden
ct bng: gerade schneiden
hi ta cht: einbisschen stufig schneiden
nhum: frben
ui tc: spitzen
ct phn ui tc hng i: di kaputten spitzen wegschneiden
nui di: wachsen lassen
cn ai hi g na ko?
--nhng ni tht l nu bn mun ct kiu Vit nam th i ra tim VN ct hoc t x... mnh lm vic
vi nhiu nng trang im lm u chuyn nghip, c no nhn thy tc chu cng ni kho "oh
diese Haare" nh kiu khen tc mnh y, nhng trong ging ni l lun pha mt cht tuyt vng (!) v
kh! khng phi v tay ngh km, m v cht tc khc, trong Ausbildung ng ta t hoc khng bao gi
thc hnh vi tc chu c. Tc c n vn 5 pht l xong, tc mnh no keo no gm m n c x
lung tung ra, ct nhiu khi cn b trt v cng qu
qun ra tim ct tc c cu ny cng quan trng, lc v ng c qun nh:
Ich find dich s, knnen wir was trinken gehen?

m bo ln sau c ct min ph hehe

My ba mnh c nghe thng bn c chm gi v vic n i m ti khon khuyn mi gn chc ci
c hn 200eu, mnh th khng bit m nhiu ti khon c hi g ko nhng nghe n bo lc n k khai
ti sn hay thu g th n phi i ng ht cng chng ti khon ht gn nguyn ngy, nhng
sau n bo hnh nh lut c cho php ko k khai ti khon no ko c tin nn thc ra cng ko cn
ng, ni chung mnh cng chng rnh lm, trc mt l mnh thy thng Visa ca Amazon.de v
Landesbank Berlin g n ang cho 30eu nu mnh ng k, ko bit c bc no bit trang web no
tng hp my ci tng t, trc khi v VN mnh ht mt lt ri chun lun
Em khuyn l ng v lng tham vi ng m to nn c cm+ phng dnh cho nhng ngi cn
li y lu di!!! Nu chuyn ny ai cng hng ng lm theo th cc nh Bank h s k c nhng
khuyn mi nh vy na cho ng Vit hay ng nc ngoi na u ! M m ti khon cng cn h chiu
cn hn ch trc khi v VN m 1 lot lm sao c ??? Nu m nh vy m ti khon phi ng tin
ph hng thng ,k ng ph th nh bank s bo ln Schufa, sau ny ng m sang c m c ci g
na, mua bn lm vic hc hnh g na nh!
Kg d m Ti khon vy u, mnh c 1 ch bn cng xin m konto kg ng ph, n ni mun m phi
chng Minh l mnh c thu nhp hng thng n mi cho m. Ch ni ch Cn 1 konto mi a cho
chi lm chuyn tin vo m n cng kg cho m, cui cng ch phi m 1 konto c ng ph, xong c
thu nhp vo konto , mang qua konto kg ph, n mi m cho ch 1 konto mi.
c ging nh ta cc trng i hc u c cc hnh thc hot ng th thao. bn c th ln
trang web chnh ca trng v chn cc mn mnh yu thch, xem lch hot ng v ng k trn
mng. Ti hn th vc ci th sinh vin i l c cho vo chi ngay. Lu l cc mn mi l kiu nh
quyn thut, kendo, nh kim ma v cn cn bn th ngi ta thng i theo lu trnh kha hc. Bn
m vo gia kha th h s ko cho bn tham gia v thng phi i ti hc k sau bt u li. Cc
mn nh bng bng chuyn th ngi ta ch hn li mt ch ri chi vi nhau thi ch khng c
bt buc phi theo ngay t u. Nhng m ty trng mc sn bi n khc nhau. c trng vy
ch my ci sn bng n ton sn ct, thua hn sn c nhn to nh mnh xa haha. Nn ai m c
trnh m tt th chi khng vui cho lm.
Tuy nhin, nu bn mun tham gia mn bng mc cao hn th c th tham gia cc
sportvereine y. Cc verein l cc cu lc b th thao, thng l bng , c th km thm cc mn
khc nh tennis, cu lng ny n nhng thng vn l bng y ngi tham gia s phi in n
ng k, vit direct debit paper ng tin hot ng ph cho cu lc b, hnh nh l 1 nm trn gi
hoc thu theo tng ma. Nhng cc cu lc b h lun thi u theo gii ko chuyn hoc bn chuyn
nn thng mnh phi bit chi mt trnh no th mi tham gia. Thng mnh khuyn nn lin
lc vi hlv ca i h cho mnh tp th hoc st hch xem c c tham gia i 1 hoc i 2 hoc
ch tp thi ch ko cho .
Danh sch cc cu lc b c th d dng tm thy trn google hoc stadt website nhng ch xem
cu lc b no c c s vt cht tt tt hoc gn nh th hy ng k. qun khuyn co cho nhng
sinh vin theo hc cc ngnh khoa hc, s lng bi v trong trng cc nhiu th ch nn theo hot
ng th thao ca uni cho n lnh. Bn cu lc b n tp tnh nghim tc lm, bng ton n thua
thi nn ko c thi gian th ng nn chi. C thi gian th dnh i lm thm c khi hay hn.
Ring mnh th mnh tham gia mt cu lc b gn nh, ng 120 euro nguyn nm, tp 2 bui v thi
u 1 bui trong 2 tun. Cn ai c kinh nghim tham gia c ng gp nh.
Lut ny s c hiu lc t 01.07.2012.

Das Gesetz soll bereits am 1. Juli 2012 in Kraft treten.

1. basis job tng t 400 nh hin nay ln 450 (D kin u nm 2013 s c hiu lc, v lut ny p
dng chung cho c ngi c)
Ngun :http://www.finanzfrage.net/frage/werden-die-400-euro-jobs-auf-450-angehoben
http://www.biallo.de/finanzen/Steue...g-das-soll-sich-2012-bei-minijobs-aendern.php
2. Thi gian tm vic sau khi tt nghip ti c tng t 12 ln 18 thng. (Lut ny ch p dng cho sinh
vin tt nghip ti c, khng p dng cho nhng ngi c bng do c cp nhng hc nc ngoi
- admin)
Zudem soll es auslndischen Absolventen deutscher Hochschulen erleichtert werden, nach ihrem
Studienabschluss eine Beschftigung aufzunehmen. Dazu wird die Frist fr die Suche nach einem
angemessenen Arbeitsplatz von zwlf auf 18 Monate erhht.
http://www.sachsen-anhalt.de/index.php?id=52538
3. Thi gian lm thm ca sinh vin cng s c tng t 90 ngy hoc 180 na ngy ln thnh 120
ngy hoc 240 na ngy.
Auch knnen sie in dieser Zeit uneingeschrnkt jeder Erwerbsttigkeit nachgehen. Der Umfang der
Erwerbsttigkeit neben dem Studium wird von 90 ganzen beziehungsweise 180 halben Tagen im Jahr
auf 120 ganze beziehungsweise 240 halbe Tage angehoben.
http://www.sachsen-anhalt.de/index.php?id=52538
4. Mc lng nhn Th Xanh gim t 66.000 xung 48.000 1 nm. Vi 1 s lnh vc nh t v K
thut th ch cn khong 33.000 - 35.000 1 nm. Sau 21 thng s c c tr di hn c.
Finden die Interessenten in dieser Zeit eine Arbeit, so muss der Verdienst nach dem Entwurf
mindestens 48.000 im Jahr betragen. In Berufen mit grerem Fachkrftemangel wie Ingenieure und
rzte liegt dann die neue Verdienstgrenze bei 33.000 . Bisher liegt die noch gltige Grenze
unabgestuft bei 66.000 . Bei Erfllung der Voraussetzung erhlt der Neuzugezogene zuknftig eine
"Blue-Card" und ein Aufenthaltsrecht von drei Jahren. Anschlieend wird eine unbefristete
Niederlassungserlaubnis bei dem Nachweis guter Deutscher Sprachkenntnisse erteilt.
http://www.sachsen-anhalt.de/index.php?id=52538
Die Blaue Karte knnen Hochschulabsolventen aus Nicht-EU-Staaten erhalten, wenn sie einen
Arbeitsvertrag mit einem Arbeitgeber in Deutschland vorlegen und ein Gehalt von mehr als 44.800
Euro pro Jahr haben. In Berufen, in denen bereits jetzt Fachkrftemangel herrscht, beispielsweise bei
rzten und Ingenieuren, betrgt die Gehaltsschwelle knapp 35.000 Euro. Bei entsprechenden DeutschKenntnissen erhalten Inhaber der Blauen Karte bereits nach 21 Beschftigungsmonaten eine
dauerhafte Niederlassungserlaubnis in Deutschland.
http://www.bmwi.de/BMWi/Navigation/Presse/pressemitteilungen,did=488388.html
5. Nhng ngi c o to tt (Khng thy ni l c o to c hay nc ngoi) m
ang nc ngoi s nhn c giy php lu tr 6 thng tm vic ti c
Das neu geschaffene sechsmonatige Aufenthaltsrecht zur Arbeitssuche bietet gut ausgebildeten
Akademikern aus dem Ausland einen strkeren Anreiz, Karrierechancen in Deutschland zu suchen.
http://www.bmwi.de/BMWi/Navigation/Presse/pressemitteilungen,did=488388.html
Lu :
Xem thm ti: https://www.facebook.com/SVVNtaiDuc/posts/215759648543550?
ref=notif&notif_t=share_comment
C nhiu thng tin b ch khc.

Cc thnh vin vo chm gi nhit tnh nh.

Tham kho thm ti.
Ngun ting c:
http://www.biallo.de/finanzen/Steue...g-das-soll-sich-2012-bei-minijobs-aendern.php
http://www.sachsen-anhalt.de/index.php?id=52538
http://www.bmwi.de/BMWi/Navigation/Presse/pressemitteilungen,did=488388.html
Ngun ting Anh: http://www.daad.de/portrait/presse/pressemitteilungen/2012/20688.en.html
Bn va apply thnh cng? bn qu vui sng khi nhn c visa nhng li cht lo lng v c th
phi lo khi sp t chn ti mt ni xa l? Hy c k phn hng dn tm nh ti y v hy vng bn
s may mn tm c mt ni tht ng .
c, du hc sinh thng c 2 options thu nh: mt l cc Wohngemeinschaft ( hoc WG) v hai
l cc Einzelappartement (thu nguyn cn). WG th bn s phi ghp chung vi my sinh
vin khc, kiu nh mt nh 2 phng nhng chung bp v nh v sinh. Thng WG l s la chn thch
hp cho cc sinh vin ko d d ti chnh v nh th s gim i ng k cc chi ph in nc internet v
tt c s chia u cho cc mem chung. Tuy nhin WG cc thnh ph ln th a phn thuc qun l
ca cc hi sinh vin studentenwerk hoc mt s t cc ni privat. V hi studentenwerk th mnh
khuyn cc bn nn apply ng k cng lc vi thi im bn apply nhp hc v by gi bn c mi
b chng trnh ngha v qun s Wehrdienst bt buc vi li rt ngn thi gian trung hc ph thng 9
nm Abitur nn s sinh vin tng t bin. Tm nh nh tm vng .
Khi t chn ti thnh ph, hy lm research trn internet xem mt ch youth hostel r nht v chu
kh tm trong khong 1 2 tun u sn nh nh. Nh em theo ci di ng v mua ci sim no r
r m gi cho cc ch nh.
Studentenwerk
Nu bn c k phn trn v ng k nh trc khong...1 nm ti t nht 6 thng trc khi nhp
hc th phn trm bn c cho 1 cn studentenwerk s cao hn cc sinh vin khc. Phn tin li cc
cn h do hi qun l u rt tt, tin nghi v gi li cc r. Nhng xin lu l bn phi trc thuc
dng sinh vin trng cng hoc bn cng th mi c thu, cn nh cc trng t thc th n s
khng gip. Nu thc mc th c tm cc trang web chnh ca studentenwerk tng bang n s lit k
cc trng no m sinh vin trc thuc c th ng k. Nhng nu ng tri ght b bn th ng nn
b cuc, mnh tng gp c ng bn sinh vin c nm trc ti n 1 nm ri mi c cp 1 cn
nh hi y. M ci chc cng thiu s thi ng lo.
C mt dng housing khc l cc k tc x hoc WGs thuc qun l ca cc gio x Catholic hoc
Lutheran. y mt s s yu cu bn i phng vn, hoc ngh bn nn i theo t tng ca h
nu mun n ( i loi nh th, mnh nghe m chng hiu st), cn li th rt thoi mi i vi sinh
vin quc t. sinh hot c gi gic ng hong nhng cng ko km no nhit vi s lng sinh vin i
m v sng say mm trc cng :p. bn c th xem thm cc link di y
Catholic : http://katholische-studentenwohnheime.de/default.aspx?pageID=364&languageID=1
Nhng ni khc http://www.studentenseite.de/studieninfos/studentenwohnheime/
Khi tt c u ko c th c sn nh trn mng hay cc stadt anzeige bnh thng thi. Bn cng c
th xem trn cc Schwarzes Brett, kiu nh bng thng bo cc trng i hc v c rt nhiu sinh
vin s post tm ngi thu li hoc ghp chung. Nu c bn b thnh ph gn cng ang kim
nh th s d dng hn v 2 bn ( hoc 3 v hn) c th thu nguyn cn ri phn chia phng ghp.

Lc i xem nh c bo ti tao l bn thn hoc g g ch khng phi l mun WG. thng th ch

nh h cng ch quan tm nhng s t ko mun dnh rc ri sau ny v kiu nh ghp, th thng ny
sang li thng kia ri b nh i bin bit ch n chng bit ku ai tr tin thu. Mt cch khc l bn
c th ng mc tm nh trn bo ( Koeln mnh th th gi l 14 euro cho mt ngy v 21 euro cho 2
ngy ng) v li s in thoi. m bo s c ngi ngh bn thu nh ca h, s ny l ch
ring h ko mun phi ng qung co trn mng hoc c th ch do li bing nhng d sao h vn
s d dng chp nhn cc iu kin ca bn hn. ni cch khc bn l ngi ra quyt nh la chn
gia cc ngh ch khng phi ch ngi khc ng cho bn chuyn vo nh lc tm nh trn
mng. Cch cui cng l ln mng wg-gesucht.de v tm cc WG thnh ph ca bn. a phn cc
mc tm ngi thu trn ny thng ngn hn, c 1 thng ti 6 thng l ht. V th mnh chng bao gi
ng n ci website ny c. V bn thu nh trn ny phn ln cng kh kn chn, thy mnh chu
khng kho li ght ny n na.
Ging nh trc y khi chng ta i b m mua cho 1 chic my tnh, b m thng hi rng mua
lm g? Chc chn cc bn s a ra v s cc l do tuyt vi mua chuc b m, rng th l luyn
g mi ngn, hc pascal ... cao siu hn na th hc vi tnh vn phng, hc ting anh trn
internet, x l nh, lm phim, ... v rt cuc cng vic hng ngy ca chic my l lt
facebook, chi game v chat chit git thi gian. Vy liu vic bn quyt nh i du hc c ging nh
vy khng?
0. Ti sao bn mun i du hc
Bn mun i du hc v iu g?
Tt c cc bn ca bn u ang nc ngoi nn bn cng phi th? Sng xa gia nh th bn c
t do lm g th lm? Hay mua sm tt ga khi ma sale ti? Hay cng c th v s din vi h hng m
bn phi i nc ngoi 1 phen? V ma ng c tuyt hay v ma thu c l vng ri?
Du hc khng n gin nh vy. Du hc l bn s n 1 min t mi, sng v lm vic vi nhng con
ngi mi, vn ha mi, ... 1 mnh. Bn s phi t trang tri mi chi ph trong cuc sng ca bn. Phi
t i mt vi mi kh khn. Phi i u vi ni nh nh ng s. V hn ht l p lc cuc sng cng
vic hc hnh c th khin bn u hng v iu kin.
Rt nhiu trng hp khi ra i th trn y hi vng, du hc ri ko chu ni p lc, nh tr v ko bng
cp trong tay. Nhng nu vt qua c bn s c rt nhiu th.
Vy trc ht hy ngh tht k xem, ti sao bn mun i du hc. V tng lai ca bn hay v ham mun
c nhn nht thi. Hy ngh n b m bn v vch 1 k hoch r rng cho chuyn i xa ln ny ca
bn.
Saukhi suy ngh k v l do du hc ca bn v bn chc chn 100% rng mnh s phi i du hc, th
bc tip theo bn cn lm l xc nh r rng cc vn sau y:
1. Bn s hc g?
C l cu hi hc g cc bn c th tr li c ngay, rng ti mun hc kinh t, ti mun hc in, hc
c kh, hc ngn ng hc ... Nhng ci bn nn xc nh y l hc i hc hay cao hc c. N
nh hng n con ng bn s i tip theo nh th no. VD: Nu hc i hc c, bn bt buc
phi c ting c. Cn cao hc, bn c c hi la chn gia ting Anh v ting c. Nu bn hc i
hc, hc bng l con s 0, cn cao hc, l con s ln hn 0 kh nhiu.
Vic xc nh hc i hc hay cao hc cng nh hng n vn h s xin hc cng nh xin visa ca
bn sau ny. C cc dng du hc bn nn tm hiu l:
Sinh vin cha tt nghip i hc
Sinh vin tt nghip i hc
Sinh vin i theo chng trnh quan h i tc

Sinh vin theo hc ngh thut

Sinh vin du hc theo din on t gia nh
2. u?
Bn s hc trng no y? Nn chn thnh ph ln hay nh? Trng c ranking cao th tt, nhng yu
cu u vo cao, v ngc li. Li khuyn y l: u cng c, min l trng y nhn bn vo
hc. Hy c np h s i .
3. Kinh t
Mt mi quan tm ln na ca nhiu bn khi tm trng l chi ph sinh hot ti t hay r v t r
c th l bao nhiu. Hm au u y, kinh t m.
Trung bnh c 1 sinh vin 1 thng tiu ht khong 643Euro. y l trung bnh. C th hn, c th
km. Hn l v sao, v mua sm, party, i du lch, n ung tt ga, nh ca rng ri. Cn km l sao, chi
tiu hp l, tit kim mt t, n khng b ph, th l tin y v.
Thng thng nu bn chi tiu tit kim th ch mt khong 400 n 450 euro/ thng ( bao hm tin
nh, bo him, n ung, shopping hn ch, thi thong i du lch ). y l cha k nu bn lm thm
th c khi tin ca bn tng ln ch ch gim i.
4. Nhai ngoi ng
Sau khi cm thy tha mn c 3 iu nu trn th bn s phi bt tay vo hc ngoi ng. Hy
chn ngn ng m bn thch hc. Ting Anh s c li cho bn khi v Vit Nam lm vic, nhng bt li
trong vic xin vic c. Ting c th ngc li, cho bn c hi xin vic c d dng hn, nhng v
Vit Nam th ch dng g n ( tr cc bn hc chuyn v ngn ng v mun tr thnh gio vin ting
c ).
Ngoi ng rt quan trng. Thnh cng ca bn ph thuc vo n
5. Cc th tc giy t
Kh nhiu y. Nhng ci cc bn cn quan tm nht y l APS v h s xin Visa du hc c.
y xin php ch ni tm tt s qua cc bn c th hiu mng tng c n c ci g thi .
a) APS l g? Ti sao cn c APS
Nm na APS l b phn kim tra hc vn, tc l kim tra xem u c cc bn th no, mm ming ra
sao, phn ng c linh hot khng, l kim tra xem bn c kh nng hc i hc ti c
khng.
APS khng phi l kim tra qu k cng kin thc bn hc nh trong cc k thi, m n gin ch hi
xem bn bit g v lnh vc bn ang v s hc. VD n gin l i vi cc bn cha xong i
hc, s phi lm 1 bi thi TestAs, m a s cu hi trong u kim tra nhanh nhy, tr thng
minh, c phn tch, ch ch c t chuyn mn no y c.
b) H s xin Visa
Cc iu kin chnh bn c th xin c Visa c l:
* APS
* Chng ch ting c (Zertifikat Deutsch) hoc ting Anh (Toefle, Ielts, GRE, GMAT ty trng )
* Giy mi hc ca trng
* Ti khon du hc ( thng thng l Deutsche Bank, nhng nghe ni hin nay ViettinBank cng cho
m th phi )
* Cc giy t cng chng long ngong khc cc bn tham kho thm ti
yhttp://www.sividuc.org:7080/news/Thu-tuc-giay-to.html
Qun cn 1 th quan trng na l tin l ph Khi i nh mang theo tin

6. Ngi chi xi nc ch ngy ln ng! Lm g y cho ht nhng ngy ny.

7. Sang c, ngi nh v nhng ngy vui v trc y v thm chi bn thn.
Du hc c: Bn d nh du hc hay lm vic ti c? Thng tin v An sinh x hi v thu s rt hu
ch cho bn nu bn d nh li lm vic ti t nc ny. Hy cng tm hiu nh!
ng gp an sinh x hi
Nu bn c nhn tr cp nghin cu, nhn hc bng th bn khng phi ng gp an sinh x hi. Tuy
nhin, nu bn lm vic ti c, bn phi ng gp an sinh x hi nh nhng cng dn c bnh
thng. Nhng ng gp bao gm: qu lng hu, bo him tht nghip, bo him ti nn, bo him y
t, chi ph chm sc iu dng v thng c chia 50/50 gia ngi lao ng v ngi s dng lao
ng.
Bo him ti nn lao ng theo lut nh l mt ngoi l. Ngi s dng lao ng chi tr ton b. ng
gp bo him an sinh x hi s c khu tr t tng thu nhp ca bn. iu ny c thc hin trc
tip t ngi s dng lao ng, ng k vi cng ty bo him y t la chn. Cng ty bo him y t s
c trch nhim thng bo cho nhng c quan an sinh x hi khc.
Bn c th tm thy nhng thng tin trn cc trang web sau y:www.deutsche-sozialversicherung.de ;
www.euraxess.de
Thu
Bn c phi np thu ti c hay khng cn ph thuc vo mc ch ca bn ti c. Nu bn nhn
tr cp hoc hc bng t mt trng cng lp trong nc trong sut thi gian bn nghin cu ti c,
trong mt s trng hp bn c th c min thu theo quy nh ca lut php c. Bn nn hi r
t nhng c quan cp hc bng v ti tr cho bn.
Nu bn li nghin cu da trn mt hp ng lao ng ko di trn 6 thng, bn s phi np thu
thu nhp. Nu bn li t hn 6 thng th thu nhp ca bn b nh thu hay khng tu thuc vo quy
nh ca Nh nc. Nhiu nc c tho thun cho php ngi lao ng np thu trong nc hip
nh thu i ng trong xc nh cc loi thu c th np trong nc. Bn nn xem xt nhng
tho thun ny Vit Nam v kim tra trc khi xut cnh.
Bn c th tm hiu thng tin ti cc trang : www.steuerliches-info-center.de ; www.euraxess.de
Hi: iu kin du hc ti c l g?
Tr li: Tt c cc sinh vin quc t mun theo hc ti c phi np n xin nhp hc, d bn mun
theo hc mt chng trnh c nhn, thc s hay tin s ti c. Mt giy t quan trng na l giy
chng nhn tt nghip i hc (bng tt nghip i hc) hoc giy chng nhn trng tuyn vo mt
trng i hc trong nc (i vi chng trnh i hc bn c). Bn c th kim tra bng xp loi
cc trng i hc theo c s ca Anabin bit c trng i hc bn ang hc c c nh gi H
v H+ hay khng.
du hc ti c th bn c th hc ting Anh hoc ting c, nu bn hc ting c th bn s c
min ph hc ph.

Nu bn mun ly bng tin s ti c, bn phi tt nghip mt trng i hc c cng nhn c

v c bng thc s. Nhng nu bn c trnh xut sc, bn ch cn tt nghip i hc (Chng
trnh Fast Track) v tham gia mt k thi tuyn u vo.
Bn nn tm hiu v thi gian nhp hc mi chng trnh.
Hi: Ti c cn visa du hc c?
Tr li: Sinh vin t cc nc thuc lin minh chu u, khu vc kinh t chu u v nhiu nc khc c
th du hc ti c m khng cn th thc. Tt c cc sinh vin quc t khc ni chung phi c th thc
hoc giy php c tr. Nu bn cha c giy nhp hc ca trng i hc nhng mun c thng tin v
c, bn c th xin visa du hc t c quan i din ngoi giao c nc ngoi. Mt visa du lch
khng c chuyn i sang mc ch du hc.
Hi: Thi gian nhp hc c din ra nh th no?
Tr li: c, nm hc c chia thnh hai giai on vi mi 6 thng. K nhp hc ma h ko di t
thng 4 n thng 9 cc trng i hc v t thng 3 n thng 8 ti cc trng i hc khoa hc
ng dng. Hc k ma ng t thng 10 n thng 3 nm sau v t thng 9 n thng 2 nm sau ti
trng i hc khoa hc ng dng. Hn cht nhp hc thng vo thng 25/1 v 15/7 (c th khc
nhau cc trng).
Hi: Chi ph hc tp ti c nh th no?
Tr li: Hu ht cc trng i hc c u khng thu hc ph ngoi tr mt s khon ng gp nho
cho mi hc k. Ti thi im ny, c th tnh trung bnh khong 500Euro hc ph cho mt hc k ti
cc trng i hc ca c.
Sinh vin t cc nc khng thuc EU ngoi th thc h cn phi chng minh c 8.000 Euro cho mi
nm trong ti khon ngn hng. iu ny m bo tim lc ti chnh khi theo hc ti c. S tin ny
thng khng trang tri tt c cc chi ph. Sinh vin c cn khang 812 Euro/thng.
Chi ph sinh hot mt s thnh ph nh thng thp hn nhiu so vi thnh ph ln. Tuy nhin, Berlin
l trng hp ngoi l trong trng hp ny. Sinh vin mi c th tm c cc gi dch v c bit
c cung cp bi hip hi sinh vin. Sinh vin c h tr ch , thc phm v bo him y t, thm
ch l hot ng gii tr.
Hi: Ti c th lm thm ti c?
Tr li: Hu ht sinh vin ti c u tham gia lm thm. Sinh vin nc ngoi ti c c php lm
thm. Tuy nhin vn cn mt s hn ch i vi cng dn v sinh vin thuc cc nc mi gia nhp
EU.
Nhiu t chc c cng h tr sinh vin quc t c nng khiu cao. Cc khon hc bng thng cp
cho nhng sinh vin quc t ang theo hc ti cc trng i hc c thnh tch cao trong hc tp.
Hi: Ni th th no?
Tr li: Rt nhiu sinh vin c thch chia s cn h vi nhau. Chia s cn h c gi l sng trong
WG or Wohngemeinschaft. K tc x sinh vin cng l la chn ph bin. K tc x thng nm xung
quang trng i hc v c gi hp l (200Euro mi thng).
Sinh vin mun thu mt cn h ring phi tr khong 300 Euro mi thng. Thng s d dng hn khi
tm ch ti cc thnh ph nh hn cc thnh ph tp trung nhiu trng i hc nh Munich,
Cologne, Hamburg.

Hi: Vic hc ting quan trng nh th no?

p: Ngay khi bn khng cn chng minh kh nng ngn ng cho mt kha hc quc t, bn vn nn
hc ting c. Ting c cn cho cuc sng hng ngy ca bn. Bn c th cm thy b stress mc d
nhiu ngi c ni ting Anh. Bn c th ng k hc ting c
Hc ph ti cc trng i hc c bn c bit?
C rt nhiu bn t ra nhng cu hi v hc ph ti cc trng i hc ti c. So vi cc
nc khc nh Anh hay M th hc i hc c r hn rt nhiu. Nhng iu y khng c
ngha rng bn khng phi tr g c. Hin nay bn vn phi tr hc ph ti 2 trong s 16
bang ca c.
Hy cng xem bn di y thy c hc tp ti tiu bang no ca c th bn phi tr hc ph
tnh n thi im hin ti.
Langzeitstudiengebhren: (Tm dch Ph ko di thi gian hc)
Einige Hochschulen verlangen rund 500 Euro pro Semester von Studierenden, die drei bis vier
Semester ber der Regelstudienzeit sind.
i vi cc sinh vin hc qu thi gian quy nh 3 n 4 hc k, cc trng s thu khong 500 Euro tin
ph cho mi hc k tip sau .
Cao hc:
Thng thng chi ph cho vic hc Thc s l bt buc. Ph ny c th nm trong khong t 650 n
hng ngn Euro mi hc k. Thm vo mi hc k bn u phi tr Semesterbeitrag cho trng (ph
ng k cho hc k ).
Ch ! ng nhm ln gia hc ph (Studiengebhren) v Semesterbeitrag. Semesterbeitrag hon
ton khng nm trong hc ph ,m bn phi tr n ring cho trng, nhiu hay t ph thuc vo tng
trng. S tin ny chi tr cho cc chi ph hnh chnh, cng nh cc khon chi tiu x hi ca ASTA
v Studentenwerk. Ngoi ra, ty tng trng m Semesterbeitrag c km theo c nhng dch v khc
nh V k (Semesterticket vi v ny bn c th i tu v xe but) hoc c hng cc li ch khc
(V d nh c gim gi trong mt s dch v u i sinh vin)
10 kinh nghim khng th b qua cho du hc sinh ti c
Khi i du hc nc ngoi nhiu sinh vin vp phi khng t b ng v kh khn trong cuc
sng thng nht nht l khi i du hc cc nc pht trin nh CHLB c. Kh khn n
t nhng iu tng nh rt nh nht trong cuc sng v khin cho cc du hc sinh gp
nhiu vt v trong vic g b nhng kh khn y.
Di y l i dng chia s ca Simon, mt sinh vin ca i hc Exeter ang du hc ti Tbingen,
c v mt s tri nghim ca cu bn ny sau 2 k sng xa nh dnh cho cc du hc sinh c c
bit l cc sinh vin quc t ca chng trnh hc bng Eramus:
1. Tun th thi gian

K lut khng phi bn cht ca ngi c nhng l iu m h rt coi trng. Khi bn tr hn vi

mt ngi c (c bit l i hc hay chm trn mt bui hi tho) iu c ngha bn khng tn
trng h. Bn nn trang b cho mnh mt chic ng h khng bao gi n tr hay t nht l n kp
gi.
2. Xe p
ng c hiu nhm nh! p xe p l mt phng php bo v mi trng tuyt vi y. Khi cn
vng quc Anh, l phng tin yu thch ca ti. Xe p c cn c coi nh mt phng tin
u tin, khi mt chic xe t gp ngi i ng n s phi dng li nhng xe p th khng.
3. Ni chuyn phim
Anh, cc ch ngi ta hay ni chuyn phim vi nhau c th l thi tit hm nay ra sao hay bui
ti hm qua ng t nh th no. c, nhng cu chuyn phim khng c s dng nhiu v thm
ch ngi ta khng ni chuyn phim vi nhau. V vy, ng ngc nhin khi chuyn i xe bus ca bn
vi mt ngi bn c b ri vo im lng hay on ni chuyn ca bn b ngng li khi ang bp n
cng cng.
4. Bng
Trc khi i du hc c vic tm hiu v cc i bng, cu lc b bng ti c hay c th hn l cc
i bng a phng ni bn hc tp v sinh sng l kh cn thit. Ngi c rt yu thch mn th
thao ny v u bn cng c th d dng bt gp ngi hm m n v hu ht nhng ngi ny u
thn thin v ci m.
5. Cc bi ging
Theo kinh nghim ca ti, vic ging dy c rt tt nhng c mt s khc bit nh cn ch :

Cc bi ging thng ko di khong 2 ting. Nhng c nhng tit hc s bt u 10 hoc 15

pht sau thi gian nh. Bng khng, hy n ng thi gian nh sn!

Hy tn trng cc ging vin bng cch gi h l Sie(Sir), l iu bt buc. Khng c gi

tn h.

Lng kin thc m bn hc trong qu trnh ging dy l rt ln. V vy, dng c nhi nht v
tnh ton bao nhiu kin thc l cho mt k thi.

Khng nn g ln mt bn sau khi kt thc mi tit hc

6. Ting Anh
T ngi th sa ng nc cho ti nhn vin trm xng u bit mt t ting Anh. ng ngc nhin khi
bn t mt mn hng bng ting c v h tr li bn bng ting Anh.
7. Khi thuc

Nu bn nghin ht thuc l th ng nn ht thuc ti nhng ni cng cng. Khng c lut cm ht

thuc ti nhng ni cng cng nhng bn khng nn lm nh hng n ti nhng ngi xung quanh.
iu tht l khng khip!
8. Ting a phng
Nu bn ni ting c tri chy ri th nn th hc thm 1 s ngn ng a phng nh Swbisch,
Badisch, Platt-Deutsch, Bayrisch, Klsch,.. ng c gng hiu mt ngi a phng ni g m hy hc
chng, iu ny gp phn cng c vn ting c ca bn hiu qu y
9. Ti ch
Ngi c rt coi trng vic ti ch. iu ny gip chng ta hc c cch lm quen vi mi trng
sng ni y. Bn s nhn c ci nhn khng my thin cm khi t mt ming nha b i vo ngn
thng rc dnh cho giy.
10. Nhng ngy ch nht
Khi c vo ngy ch nht, bn s ngc nhin khi thy ng ph vng tanh nh va c mt v n
ht nhn qut qua y vy. Tt c cc ca hng u ng ca, ng x trng tri. Mi ngi vo
ngy ny thng trong nh v t i ra ngoi. gii khuy trong nhng ngy ny tt nht bn nn
mua sch, DVDs, CDs, tr chi in t hay bt k tr tiu khin no lm bn hnh phc. Nn d tr
thc n cho nhng ngy ny. y l mt nt vn ha ca ngi c, h coi ngy ch nht l s khi
huyn cho mt tun mi.

Bo him y t khi du hc c
Du hc c: Bn d nh du hc c? hc tp ti c th nht thit bn phi c bo him y t
ngay khi t chn n c hc tp. Bi vit ny s gip cc bn hiu su hn v yu cu bo him
y t khi du hc ti c.
Trc ht hy kim tra nhng bo him thng thng m bn c th mua Vit Nam t cc cng ty
bo him ton cu c th bo him ton din ti c. Trong trng hp c th mua bo him ti Vit
Nam (thng th ch c nu c tho thun an sinh x hi tn ti gia c v nc ngoi), bn yu cu
c quan bo him xc nhn bng vn bn. Trng hp cc cng ty bo him khng cung cp bo him
ton din ti c, bn phi lin h mua bo him c gi tr cho ton b thi gian bn c trc khi
ti c.
C nhiu cc yu cu khc nhau v bo him y t ti c. Bn c th chn bo him t nhn hoc nh
nc tu theo thu nhp v kh nng ca bn. Nu bn c hc bng hoc c ti tr i du hc, bn
phi mua bo him t nhn. Cc cng ty bo him t nhn s cung cp hp ng bo him tu vo
thi gian bn c v c chng trnh gim gi cho ngi nc ngoi.
D hon cnh bn nh th no, bn cng nn tm nhng li khuyn t c quan cp hc bng, cc cng
ty bo him trong nc hay t nhng ng hng trc khi n c.

Chnh sch bo him y t ca c l ng nht vi c nhng hp ng bo him nh nc v t nhn

bao gm nhng chi tr chi ph iu tr y t v nha khoa nh thuc, vin ph (bnh nhn ni tr),
phng php iu tr bng tr liu, cc phng php phc hi chc nng, .Theo quy nh, bn c th
tu chn bc s v bnh vin iu tr.
bit thm thng tin v cc vn bo him y t, bn c th tham kho nhng trang sau:
www.euraxess.de ; www.daad.de/health

5 lu trc khi np h s du hc
Quyt nh du hc ti mt nc no trn th gii, bn cn phi la chn cho mnh mt trng ph
hp trong s hng trm, hng nghn trng i hc ca nc . Trc khi np h s xin hc, bn c
th tham kho mt s thng tin sau.
1. Ch n s cnh tranh: Nhiu trng i hc danh ting thng c t l cnh tranh gia cc
sinh vin gii rt cao, t l tuyn sinh ch khong 10%. Do vy, khi quyt nh xin hc vo trng no
, bn cn xem xt kt qu hc tp, im thi ting Anh, kh nng chuyn mn v nh gi xc sut
mnh c chn.
Gi d, im hc ca bn tt th bn cng khng nn ng k vo ton nhng trng c t l cnh
tranh qu cao. Cch tt nht l nn ng k t 5 10 trng, trong c 1 2 trng hng nht, mt
vi trng hng trung bnh v mt s trng km hn lm hnh lang an ton.
2. Chn trng i hc c nh nc hay t chc cng nhn: c cng nhn, mt trng
i hc phi tri qua qu trnh kim tra, nh gi cht lng o to do cc t chc c Nh nc cho
php thc hin. i vi mt s ngnh k thut, kin trc, kinh doanh th trng c th c Hip hi
ngh nghip cng nhn.
Nu bn xin c vo hc ti mt trng c cng nhn th bn c th chc chn rng cht lng
ging dy ca trng t nht s t mc ti thiu. Hn na, hc ti mt trng c cng nhn s d
dng cho bn trong vic chuyn tip sang cc trng i hc khc hoc hc tip sau i hc.
3. Ngnh hc: Nu bn mun hc v k thut th trng chuyn o to khoa hc v k thut s ph
hp hn l mt trng ni ting v khoa hc x hi nhn vn. Vi nhng bn cha c quyt nh c th
v ngnh hc ca mnh th c th ng k ngnh hc m.
Ngoi ra, hu ht cc trng u cho php bn chuyn sang mt ngnh hc khc khng phi ngnh
bn ng k trong n nhp hc ca mnh.
4. Mi trng v iu kin sinh hot: Bn nn tm hiu trc v kh hu, mi trng, chi ph sinh
hot ti ni d nh hc tp. Nu bn cm thy cha ph hp vi mnh th cn cn nhc v a im
ca trng.
Bn cnh , mi trng hc tp cng kh quan trng. Nhng trng i hc c quy m ln th s c
trang thit b ging dy, nghin cu tt hn, cc kha hc phong ph hn v cng ng sinh vin a
dng hn.

5. Vn money: Nu ti chnh hn hp, bn nn cn nhc v hc ph v nhng chng trnh h

tr ti chnh cho sinh vin quc t.
Cc trng i hc danh ting thng c nhng hc bng h tr nh: hc bng bn phn, ton phn,
financial aid, merit based Mc h tr cng ty thuc vo ngun ti chnh ca tng trng nn c s
chnh lch kh ln t vi trm USD ti hng chc ngn USD.
Ngoi ra, bn c th tnh n chuyn i lm thm trang tri phn no chi ph nhng nn nh, do
hn ch ca th thc sinh vin, cc sinh vin quc t ch c php lm thm vi thi gian nht nh
(thng l 20 gi/tun).

Nhng cu hi thng gp khi phng vn APS v Visa du hc c

Du hc c Khi i phng vn, cc bn nn n mc lch s, qun o phi chnh t, tc tai phi gn
gng. Con trai th nn tht caravat, cn gi th nn mc Vec. Khng nn mc qun b, o phng khi i
phng vn.
Khi c phng vn, cc bn phi ht sc bnh tnh, tr li chm, r rng nhng cu hi ca h. Nu
khng hiu r cu hi th nn hi li, trnh tnh trng ng ni g, b ni vt th chc chn b loi.
Ni dung phng vn ch yu xoay quanh mc ch bn xin i: V d, bn ang lm g, ti sao
bn mun qua c, ti sao li i du hc c, bn thch hc ngnh g, bn s sng ntn? Bn ly kinh ph
u du hc, bn s lm g sau khi tt nghip, bn c thn nhn c khng, bn c nh li
c khng? v.v.
Mt s cu hi thng gp:
1. Sang theo mc ch g? (Hc tp, thm thn, cng tc)
2. Mi quan h gia ngi mi ( bn c) vi ngi phng vn nh th no (nu thuc din sang
thm thn) v ngi hin ang lm g?
3. Thi gian li c l bao lu?
4. i nc ngoi ln no cha?
5. C bit ni ting c, anh hoc ngoi ng no khc khng?
6. i theo din C quan Vit Nam c i hay c nhn?
7. Nu sang ti c, anh/ch c nh li c khng?
Mt s cu hi bng ting c:
*Bn thn
1.Wie heissen Sie ? / Wie ist Ihr Name ?
1. Wie ist Ihr Vorname ?
2.Wie ist Ihr Familienname ?
3. Woher kommen Sie ? / Woher sind Sie ?
4.Wie alt sind Sie ?
5.Wo sind Sie geboren ?
6.Wann sind Sie geboren ?
7.Wo wohnen Sie ? / Wo leben sie ? / Wie ist Ihre Adresse /Anschrift ?
8.Was sind Sie von Beruf ? / Was arbeiten Sie ?
9.Wo arbeiten Sie ?
10.Wann haben Sie das Gymnasium / Oberschule abgeschlossen ?
11.Wie lange haben Sie das Gymnasium / die Oberschule abgeschlossen ?
12.Was haben Sie nach dem Gymnasium / der Oberschule gemacht ?

13.Wo ist Ihre Hochschule / Schule ?

14.Was studieren Sie an der Hochschule ?
15.Wo haben Sie Deutsch gelernt ?
16.Wie lange haben sie Deutsch gelernt ?
17.Welches Lehrbuch /Programm/welchen Lehrwerk haben sie gelernt ?
18.Knnen Sie sich vorstellen ?
19.Knen Sie etwas ber sichselbst erzhlen ?
20.Erzhlen Sie bitte etwas ber sich selbst !
21.Knnen Sie sich empfehlen ?
22.Stellen Sie sich vor !
*Gia nh
1 .Was sind Ihre Entern vor Beruf ? / Was machen Ihre Eltern ?
2. Wieviele Kinder haben Ihre Eltern ? /Wieviele Menschen gibt es in Ihrer Familie ?
3.Wieviele Geschwister haben Sie ?
4.Haben Sie Geschwister ?
5.Was sind Ihre Geschwister von Beruf ? / Was machen Ihre Geschwister ?
6.Erzhlen Sie mal ber Ihre Familie !
7.Knene Sie ber Ihre Familie erzhlen ?
*Chng trnh hc ti c
1.Was werden Sie in Deutschland studieren ?
2.Was mchten Sie in Deutschland studieren ?
3.Was werden Sie in Deutschland machen ?
4.Welche Studienfach werden Sie in Deutschland studieren ?
5.Warum mchten Sie in Deutchland Studieren ?
6.Warum whlen Sie Deutschland zum Studieren ?
7.Wie langge werden Sie in Deutschland studieren ?
8.Warum whlen Sie Studienfach / Fachrichtung .. zum Studieren ?
9.Wie knnen Sie das Zulassungsbescheid von der Hochschule / Universitt haben ?
10.Warum kennen Sie die Hochschule / Universitt ?
11.Wo werden Sie Whrend Ihres Studium in Deutschland ?
12.Wissen Sie ber die Studiengebhr in Deutschland ?
13.Wer wird Ihnen zum Studieren in Deutschland untersttzen ?
14.Haben Sie die Absicht, in Deutschland zu bleiben ?
15.Haben sie die Verwandschaft/Verwanste/Bekannte in Deutschland ?
16.Wann mchten Sie nach Deutschland kommen ?
17.Wo werden Sie Deutsch in Deutschland lernen ?
18.Wie ist die Kursgebhr ?
19.Wann beginnt der Sprachkurs ?
20.Was wissen Sie ber Deutschland ?
21.Was werden Sie machen , wenn Ihr Studienprogramm in Deutschland endet ?
22.Haben Sie die Absicht , Whrend Ihres Studium in Deutschland zu arbeiten ?
23.Haben Sie die Absicht,in Deutschland zu arbeiten ?
10 li khuyn cho du hc sinh c
1. Ting c:
Nu bn ch bit ting Anh th iu ny khng h g khi bn i hc trng i hc hay vi nhng
ngi tr c. Tuy nhin, y li l mt vn ln trong cuc sng hng ngy ca bn. Bn s gp

rc ri khi lm vic vi chnh quyn s ti, iu ny i hi bn phi c mt trnh ting c nht

nh bi khng phi ai cng c kh nng giao tip tt bng ting Anh, thm ch ngi c ni chung
thm ch khng thch giao tip bng ting Anh. Ngay c trong vic i mua sm, ting c cng rt cn
thit cho bn trong vic hi han, mc c, yu cu ngi bn hng bng khng bn s rt mt thi gian
dng ngn ng c th din t nhng g mnh mun ni. ci thin trnh ting c tt hn ht
bn nn chun b cho nhng chuyn i ngn ngy xung quanh khu vc bn sng hc hi thm
nhiu kinh nghim v ni ting c tt hn.
2. Ti chnh:
y l mt vn m bn cn cn nhc kh k cng trc khi i du hc c bi s c nhng chi ph
pht sinh. Tt hn ht bn nn m mt ti khon ngn hng ti mt ngn hng c. Trc khi m ti
khon bn nn tm hiu xem ngn hng ti c no c lin h vi ngn hng quc gia ca bn
thun li cho vic chuyn tin. Ti c c 5 ngn hng ln nh Deutsche Bank, Postbank, Dresdner
Bank, Commerzbank v HypoVereinsbank. Mt li th khi bn c th kim tra ti 1 trong 5 ngn hng
ny l c th rt tin t bt k ATM no. V nu bn ang cn tin mt gp khi khng gn tr s ngn
hng th bn c th ti tr s gn nht ca 4 ngn hng cn li. Ngoi ra, bn c th la chn cc ngn
hng a phng khc.
3. Ph thu nh tr:
Mt vn khc na l vic tm c mt cn h. Khi bn chi tr chi ph thu nh hng thng bao gm
c cc ph ph khc nh tin in, tin si, nc, iu khng c ngha l bn chi tr tt c cc
ph ph ny. Trc khi kt thc mt nm, cc tiu th v in, si, s c o v tnh ton v bn
s c pht mt ha n trc khi sang nm mi. Chi ph ny dao ng t 30 cho ti vi tram Euro
ty thuc vo s tiu dng ca bn. V mt lu cho bn l khng nn dng nhiu tin cho qu
tng vo dp Ging sinh.
4. i loanh quanh:
Cch tt nht i loanh quanh v tp th dc l mua mt chic xe p.Khi du hc ti c, c mt
iu d nhn thy rng xe p c s dng kh rng ri v l mt phng tin giao thng an ton v
tit kim. Thm ch ngay trong trng hc ca bn c mt khu xe c bit dnh cho xe p. Khi li
xe v i b bn c th thy c mt ln ng dnh ring cho xe p chy dc theo ln ng ca
ngi i b.
Mt phng tin khc cng tin dng cho nhng chuyn i chi xa hn l tu. s dng phng tin
ny bn cn mt th BahnCard c cp bi cc ng st c. C 3 loi th BahnCard nn s hu
th ny bn nn ti cc trm ng st v internet bit thm chi tit. Ngoi ra, cn c mt gi
khc l dng tu thy, tuy nhin so vi ng st th tu thy t hn. c 2 phng tin ny bn
hon ton c th la chn ngn ng nh ting c, ting Php, ting Anh, ting , ting Th Nh K cho
th i li ca bn. cc trm ng st ln bn s c cung cp sch hng dn nhm gii thch cho
bn hot ng ca cc tuyn xe.
5. Nhng ni nn i thm:

Ni v i chi v thm th th c rt nhiu ni trong khu vc bn sng ng thm th. Danh sch i
thm th ca bn nn gm mt s ni sau:

Cc bo tng trong thnh ph: mt s thnh ph nh Bonn chng hn khi ng k thm bo

thng bn s c v vo ca min ph.

Thnh ph Cologne v cc nh th ln

L hi ha trang Cologne cn c mnh danh l ma th 5 trong nm

Haribo Bonn ni ting vi nhng ch gu

Cc thnh ph ln nh Berlin, Munich, Hamburg

i thuyn trn sng Rhine hay trn sng Mosel vo mt ngy h y nng, bn c th dng li
v ngm cnh cc ngi lng ven sng p nh tranh v, nhng lu i c knh.

Ch ging sinh cc th trn vi cc sn phm bnh ngt, ru hm nng v xc xch.

Ngoi ra, bn c th trc tip khm ph nhng cnh p, l hi ni bn sinh sng c nhiu tri
nghim th v.
6. Gi lin lc:
Gi lin lc vi bn b v ngi thn l mt vic rt quan trng i vi mt du hc sinh nhng lm th
no gi lin lc lin tc m khng mt ph in thoi qu cao li l mt cu hi. Cu tr li c l l
gim cc cuc gi v thay vo l nhn tin (SMS). Nu bn mun gi in thoi v nc th nn ti
Callshop vi cc dch v gi r hn nhiu so vi thng thng hoc lin h qua ch nh bn ang
sinh sng. Ngoi ra, bn c th tham kho v tm kim cc nh cung cp dch v vi c ph u i
nht. Mt cch khc c th tit kim na l s dng Internet, bn c th truy cp v kt ni Internet
min ph ti cc trng i hc hoc nu mun lu di bn c th lin h vi mt s nh cung cp
mng ti c ng k thu bao.
7. Ghi nh cc cng vic cn thit:
Bn nn nh du cc ngy quan trng ca bn vo lch c th d dng nh nhng cng vic phi
lm nh thi hn thanh ton tin nh, thu bao, tin in thoi, Do hu ht cc thi hn ny khng
thanh ton cng thi im vi nhau thm ch c mt s ha n bn phi chi tr trong vng 3 thng.
iu ny i khi rt quan trng bi nu bn khng ti thi hn cht ca cc hp ng v hn na
l ngy bt u bng khng thi hn hp ng s t ng bt u lt mi v bn s phi chi tr cc
ha n ngay c khi bn v nc.
8. Tn hng khong thi gian ti c:
Tt c mi tri nghim ca bn t hc tp cho ti vui chi ti ni bn sinh sng u s tre thnh
nhng k nim v gi m bn khng th no qun c v khng ch vy chng cn l nhng kinh
nghim sng qu bu lm thay i con ngi bn, gip bn trng thnh v su sc hn.
9. Yu t vn ha:
Nu bn ang bn khon rng bn s mc g ti c th cu tr li ht sc n gin l mt chic qun
b c v o phng l . Ngi c n vn n gin v khng cu k v hnh thc qu nhiu. Mt lu

na l khi chun b du hc c bn khng ch tham gia mt lp hc v vn ha v ngn ng c m

cn phi tham gia mt lp hc gi l thrashology. iu ny c ngha l ngi c rt coi trng vn
v v sinh v mi trng. Lp hc ny s dy cho bn bit cch bo v mi trng theo cch m
ngi c lm. Nu bn vt rc ba bi ngay tc mt mt ngi c th ngay lp tc bn s nhn
c ci cau my ca h. Thm ch ti nc c rc thi khng ch c vt ng ni quy nh m cn
c phn loi mt cch r rng v khoa hc, khi du hc v sinh sng ti y bn s c nhn mt
lch rc r rng. V mt ng x, ngi c l nhng ngi ni chuyn thng thn v c l iu ny
s lm bn b shock trong khong thi gian u gp mt. Tuy nhin, h li l nhng ngi kh lch s
v kiu cch trong giao thip. Khi t chc nhng s kin hay ba tic no y, iu tt hn ht l
chun b nhng thip mi vi c th thi gian, a im iu ny c ngi c rt coi trng.
10. Ngi c:
Thnh thong bn s nghe thy mt cu ni kiu nh ngi c lnh lng, nghim tc v l nhng
ngi khng c khiu hi hc. iu ny hon ton khng ng, thc t c rt t ngi c nh vy,
a s vic lm quen vi ngi c trong thi gian u bn c th gp mt s ro cn v ngn ng, vn
ha v mt khong thi gian h hiu v cm gic thoi mi ni chuyn vi bn. Tuy nhin, khi
thit lp c mi quan h th l nhng mi quan h bn cht. Khi mt ngi ph n sn bay vi
cng knh hnh l, c ta s khng ngay lp tc nhn c s gip . Nhng nu ch cn ln ting nh
th ngi c sn lng gip c y.
T chc hnh chnh ti c rt cht ch v i hi phi c khong thi gian nht nh hon tt mi
th tc th nn bn cn chun b hnh trang cho mnh tht sm nh!
Trc khi du hc ti c, bn phi tm hiu mt cch k lng cu trc c bn ca h thng gio dc
c khi sang du hc bn s khng b b ng. Nc c c hn 300 trng i hc v vin i hc
tin tin. Tt c cc trng chuyn nghip v i hc c tri rng khp 16 bang.
C 2 loi hnh o to khc nhau c xy dng c:
Cc trng i hc Tng Hp vit l Universitat hon ton tng ng vi tn gi l Hochschulen.
Nguyn tc duy nht i vi loi trng ny l S thng nht trong nghin cu v ging dy lun lun
phi c tun th v c nh hng theo nghin cu. T trc ti nay cc loi trng i hc ny
vn ng vai tr quan trng trong ngnh gio dc c
Cc trng i hc khoa hc ng dng, chng trnh o to c nh hng theo thc tin, trau di
kin thc ngh nghip v k nng chuyn mn. Cc trng ny ngy cng tr nn hp dn v thu ht
ng o mi ngi. Do chng trnh o to c sp xp t chc tt nn thi gian hc tp c rt
ngn li, song kh nng ngnh ngh cng t hn.
Th thc
Bn cn phi c th thc cho vic i hc ti c. Qu trnh ly th thc cn phi c thi gian v vy bn
nn np n xin th thc tht sm. Bnh thng, th tc lm th thc ko di trong 8 tun. Th thc
c cp ban u trong 3 thng, sau , phng ngoi kiu s gia hn tng nm cho n khi kho hc
c kt thc.

Vic lm
Hc tp l nhim v chnh do vy sinh vin khng nn kim vic lm trong thi gian hc, tuy nhin
sinh vin du hc ti c c th lm vic ti c trong khun kh ca trng hoc bn ngoi, thi gian
3 thng/nm m khng cn giy php. Sinh vin thng thng tm vic lm vo gia cc t ngh ca
hai k hc.
Sau khi tt nghip bn c th li lm vic ti c trong vng 1 nm, song cn phi xin giy php lm
vic trc .
Chi ph n
Chnh ph c hon ton ti tr cho h thng gio dc i hc cho nn sinh vin ch phi lo chi ph
sinh hot v n . c tnh bn s cn khong 600 Euro/thng cho cc khon: thu nh, n ung, i
li, sch v, bo him y t
Bo him y t
c nhn vo hcti mt trng i hc c, bn cn phi mua bo him y t mc thp nht
(45 Euro/thng). iu ny c p dng cho nhng sinh vin hc t nht 14 hc k i vi bt k
mn no. Vn phng sinh vin nc ngoi t ti trng s cung cp cho bn nhng thng tin cn
thit nht.

Hnh l du hc: nhng iu nn v khng nn

Trc ht, xin chc mng bn c nhn vo mt trng i hc M, mt trong nhng
h thng gio dc hng u th gii. Bn sn sng ng gi hnh l cho chuyn hnh
trnh y th v ny cha? Hy vng nhng li khuyn di y s gip ch cho bn trong
vic sa son vali n t nc y mi l v th v ny.
1. Mang theo cc loi gia v, tho mc, v cc cng thc nu n truyn thng ca qu
hng bn
Nu bn cha bit nu mn n truyn thng no, hy nhanh tay theo chn m vo bp v b ti vi
cng thc nu n, v iu ny l rt cn thit. Khng iu g lm nhng ngi bn M thch th bng
c thng thc nhng mn n dn tc truyn thng. T chc mt ba tic nho nh vi cc mn n
truyn thng v cc loi gia v qu hng l cch tt nht kt bn vi ngi M. i vi cc loi gia
v v tho mc, bn nn chn loi c nhn mc r rng, vi cc thnh phn y thng qua hi
quan d dng.
2. Khng mang theo cc loi tht, d l tht ti, hay tht sy
Hi quan Hoa K rt nghim ngt. H s dng mi bin php m bo khng c vi khun hoc virus
no t nc ngoi c a vo bng bt k hnh thc no. Cch tt nht bn nn truy cp trang web
ca hi quan Hoa K kim tra xem nn v khng nn mang theo nhng c g: U.S. Customs and
Border Protection website

3. Mang theo mt s lu nim r v d ng gi

Mi quc gia u c nhng mn qu i din cho vn ha t nc mnh. Theo kinh nghim ca sinh
vin Vit Nam, h thng mang theo nhng b ng t la, nn l, hoc nhng chic nn l c nh
dng trang tr treo tng, hay qut giy. y l nhng mn c trng cho vn ha Vit Nam m
ngi nc ngoi rt thch th. Hn na, chng mng nh, v d dng ng gi trong vali
4.

Khng mang theo s lng ln cc vt dng hng ngy

Cha m bn lo lng v bt bn mang theo hng ng cc vt dng hng ngy nh du gi, kem nh
rng vi s lng dng cho hng thng. Nhng thc ra y li l mt iu khng nn. Bn nn tit
kim khong trng cho chic vali ca mnh ng nhng vt dng cn thit hn. Du gi, du x, x
phng, kem nh rng hay sa tm bn c th d dng tm mua trong mt hay hai ngy khi t chn
ti M. Bn c th hi nhng ngi bn cng phng, hay gia nh bn cng gip bn n siu th
gn nht sm sa nhng vt dng c nhn. y cng l c hi tt bn lm quen v bt chuyn vi
h

APS v TestAS hin nay cha lin quan n nhua.

APS l cn thit cho xin Visa v xin Zulassung
TestAS l cn thit cho xin Visa. v s c u tin xt Zulassung nu im cao. ( C ngha l im
thp cng khng nh hng g.
Nh vy l em cn phi thi TestAS, bi v em cn xin Visa m
APS v TestAS hin nay cha lin quan n nhua.
APS l cn thit cho xin Visa v xin Zulassung
TestAS l cn thit cho xin Visa. v s c u tin xt Zulassung nu im cao. ( C ngha l im
thp cng khng nh hng g.
Nh vy l em cn phi thi TestAS, bi v em cn xin Visa m
Th Tc Xin Visa c (Kt Hn, on T Vi V Hoc Chng Tng Lai)
Ngoi b h s gc phi np thm hai b h s ph t. B h s gc s c tr li cho ngi xin cp
th thc sau khi c quyt nh v h s xin cp th thc.
Nhng giy t nu di y cn phi np bn chnh hoc bn sao cng chng (3 b h s: 1 b h s
gc v 2 b h s ph t). Tt c cc giy t Vit Nam phi km theo bn dch sang ting c. Nhng
giy t gc s c tr li cho ngi xin cp th thc sau khi c quyt nh v h s
A. V pha ngi xin cp th thc:
1. T khai xin cp th thc di hn (2 bn, ly t trang ch ca i s qun: Deutsche Botschaft Hanoi Trang u), khai bng ting c hoc ting Anh.
2. 2 nh mu mi chp c 46, phng nn trng, chp chnh din.
3. H chiu ca ngi xin cp th thc. H chiu phi cn gi tr v c ch k ca ngi mang h chiu.
4. Chng minh kin thc ting c c bn trnh A1 theo Danh mc tham kho chung chu u v
ngn ng do Hi ng chu u son tho ngh Qu v xem thm bn thng tin ca chng ti v
vic ny!
5. Cc giy t phi np km:
a) Giy chng nhn c thn do U ban nhn dn c thm quyn cp (cp trc ngy np h s khng

qu 3 thng),
b) Nu tng ly hn th phi np quyt nh ly hn,
c) Bng chng v vic d nh kt hn bn c (Giy xc nhn ca Phng H tch c)
Nu vic thm tra giy t trong khun kh th tc xin min giy chng nhn iu kin kt hn ang
c tin hnh th phi nu r s vic ny trong h s. Trong trng hp ny khng phi np giy
chng nhn c thn.
Khi np h s xin cp th thc, tt c cc giy t np km phi cn gi tr !
B. V pha ngi v hoc chng tng lai ti c:
1. Giy mi khng cn theo mu (V d: mc ch kt hn).
2. Bn sao cng chng h chiu (sao tt c cc trang c thng tin, th thc, du xut nhp cnh).
3. Bn sao quyt nh ly hn lin quan ti cc ln kt hn trc (nu c).
4. Giy chng nhn ng k a ch thng tr do Phng ng k nhn khu ti c cp.
5. Chng nhn v ti chnh (Giy cam kt bo lnh c xc minh kh nng ti chnh hoc hp ng thu
nh/ giy chng nhn quyn s hu nh km theo chng nhn thu nhp ca 3 thng gn nht).
Trong tng trng hp c th c th phi np thm cc giy t khc, vic ny s c nhn vin nhn
h s ca s qun thng bo cho Qu v bng vn bn.
Thi gian gii quyt h s:
i s qun s chuyn h s n S Ngoi kiu ni c tr ca v hn phu/hn th ti c (Theo iu
31 Lut C tr, khi gii quyt h s phi ly kin ng ca S Ngoi kiu). Xin lu : Qu trnh xt
h s xin cp th thc c th b ko di do vic tin hnh song song th tc thm tra giy t. Theo quy
nh i s qun ch c th cp th thc nu tt c cc iu kin cn thit cho vic ng k kt hn
c p ng, tc l trn ht vic xc minh xem v hn phu/hn th ngi nc ngoi c iu kin
c php ng k kt hn khng phi kt thc. Ngi xin cp th thc phi chng minh iu
ny vi s qun bng cch np giy chng nhn ca Phng H tch c. i s qun s cp th thc
nu vic kt hn c thc hin ngay sau v c S Ngoi kiu ng .
V l do vic xt h s xin cp th thc c th ko di trong nhiu thng.

i Lm Bao Nhiu Mi Chi Ph Cho 1 Thng?

Nhiu bn thc mc v lo s hc H c th phi i lm bao nhiu mi sng, gia nh kh gi m
gip h tr c cc bn trong thi gian hc tt nhin l trng hp tt nht. Nhng nu gia nh
khng th h tr hay ch c th gip bn rt t thi th c th no va hc va lm m bo chi
ph cuc sng?
Da vo kinh nghim 6 nm H tp nh Kassel v tp t Frankfurt cng nh 6 nm t lp kim
sng, lm cc vic thng vng h cm th mnh c th ni rng: nhng ai mun i lm v c
sc khe v ngh lc t kim tin sinh sng trong thi gian hc th chc chn s c th lm vic
sng. Tt nhin thi gian u th bn phi c 1 khon git lng trong thi gian kim vic + 1 ci
Passport cho php bn c i lm.
Bn kia c 1 Topic v chi ph du hc c ri nhng mnh mun lm 1 ci i chiu thu-chi + thm vi
thng tin c nhn na cho thm phn y nn tng hp li theo kinh nghim, ko ly t bn kia sang
s b nm ^^
Mt bng thu-chi lit k nhng chi ph + thu nhp bn t nh gi:
Tin nh cc thnh ph rt khc nhau, 1 vi tp cc bn tham kho:
Mnchen: trung bnh 348 Euro; Hamburg, Kln, Dsseldorf und Frankfurt am Main t 250 ti 350
Euro. Chemnitz, Dresden, Jena, Magdeburg und Leipzig ch t 210 ti 236 Euro.
Nh vy chi ph cho 1 thng bn cn khong 500, KTX th r hn v tit kim th 400 cng vn .
Cng thm c mi 6 thng l li ng tin qun l SV ty trng v tin hc ph 500 nu
Niedersachsen, Bayern th ch cn ng hc k h ny na l ht.
Thu nhp mi thng v thi gian phi b ra c 500 1 thng:
Nh vy l nu bn lm cho qun VN th cn phi lm vic khong 100 gi 1 thng mi sng
v nu mi ngy lm 8 ting th bn cn 12,5 ngy trong 1 thng i lm, ngha l hn 3 ngy 1
tun.
Phi ni thm l ch VN thng "tn dng" kh nng lm vic ca bn ti mc v n nh bn ch cn

nm di ch chng cn hi sc u m hc hnh g na. Mt "li th" l bn c th lm "thm" gi so

vi khai bo "tit kim" thu v bo him x hi, mc d thu thu nhp ca SV s nhn li c vo
cui nm.
Cn nu ting c ca bn tt, im kh, tiu chun lm cho c hay trong trng cng nh cc
cty th bn ch cn 1 na thi gian l tin cho cc chi ph ti thiu.
Thm lu na l cc khon thu nhp trn cha c tr thu + bo him theo quy nh nh nc tr
khi bn lm vic theo kiu t lp v l Kleinunternehmer. Thu thu nhp tr i th nh ni, phi
n cui nm SV mi nhn li c nu lm khai bo thu thu nhp.
Quan trng hn c l lao ng tr c th bn thm c kinh nghim cho cng vic sau ny, s yu l
lch ca bn cng phong ph hn l ch ghi nhng cng vic chn tay hay l "bi bn cho hng qun
ABC" no .
Cng quan trng khng km: thnh ph ln, mi nhn qua th thy tin nh v chi ph sinh hot t hn
nhiu so vi ng c hay tp nh hn nhng c hi tm c vic lm tt th cng cao hn gp nhiu ln
tp nh! Tnh ra tp ln bn s mt t thi gian hn i lm, c c hi tm vic vn phng nh
nhng, lng cao v ng ngnh ngh. C th xin thc tp ti cty sau vo lm lun cng khng
chng.
Chung quy li th c 500 trong ti khon th bn s phi lm 2 ngy 1 tun tr ln mi c th
chi ph sinh hot + thm 1 cht ng tin cho trng. Nu bn mun lm vic + tch cc tm vic th
chc chn bn s tm c cng vic no . Nu ko th... bn hy chuyn trng ti tp ln hn v chc
rng tp bn ang qu nh v lng SV tm vic qu ng!
Thm 1 cht v cch tit kim chi ph:
1. Chm ch nu n + lm bnh m, nc ung em ln trng hay vo Mensa nu ko c thi gian.
2. Tit kim in, thng th ch cn ci n hc sng l . Stand-by ca cc thit b in t nu tt i
cng c th tit kim ti 100 1 nm.
Tit kim tin si cng quan trng! Cch n gin nht l chm ch ln trng hc + vo th vin c
sch khi vn l si nh
3. in thoi c nhiu Angebot cho sinh vin, mua theo Prepaid hoc Flatrate nu dng nhiu. Tm
online kim hp ng t r m dch v tt, v d ca eteleon --> c gii thiu bn Topic "i u,
mua g r no"
4. Sch hc trn th vin rt nhiu, ko nn mua nhng quyn vi chc tr khi n quan trng cho
ngnh hc ca bn v c th s dng lm ti liu, tra cu lu di. Thng th mi nm sch li ra
Auflage mi vi nhng cp nht mi, thay i mi nn bn s ko "u" c theo u. Nu trn th vin
ko sch bn mn v th hy ti sm v c ti ch. Cng c nhiu ti liu online, bn c th
down v my c. Nu phi mua sch, v d sch ting Anh hc th trc tin hy tm trn amazon
hay ebay mua sch c, nhiu khi r hn ngoi hiu sch rt nhiu.
5. Th dc th thao: di g m ng k Fitness studio? Chng ta c Uni Sport! Vi rt nhiu kha hc,
t nhy Hip Hop ti th dc th hnh, vi gi r bo hoc min ph cho sinh vin!
6. Chi bi t tp: Nhiu ch gi r dnh ring cho sinh vin, thay v vo Club vi gi v 10-15 1
ngi th bn hy tm trong thnh ph ca bn, chc chn c ch cho sinh vin vi gi ch 3-5, n
thc ung cng r hn nhiu so vi cc Clubs khc.
Th Tc Sang Thm Ngi Thn V i Du Lch Ti c
Hi :Ti c em gi bn c, gi "giy mi" cho ti mi ti sang c du lch, vy ti phi lm
nhng th tc g na c th sang bn c du lch v tham em gi ti .
Ti xin chn thnh cm n!
Tr li:
Em gi ch s phi ln s ngoi kiu (Auslnderbehrde) n xin lm giy mi sang thm thn, du
lch.
H s gm c:
1- n xin lm giy mi cho b m, anh ch em sang thm thn, du lch
2- Hp ng thu nh
3- Bng lng (nu lm hng), hoc chng nhn thu nhp ca s ti chnh, c vn thu (Nu t hnh

ngh)
4- Chng nhn h tch (Einwohnermeldeamt)
H s np SQ c gm
1- Giy mi do s ngoi kiu cp
2- Hp ng thu nh (bn sao c cng chng)
3- Bng lng (nu lm hng), hoc chng nhn thu nhp ca s ti chnh, c vn thu (Nu t hnh
ngh)
4- Chng nhn h tch (Einwohnermeldeamt)
5- H chiu ca ngi mi, giy php c tr (bn sao c cng chng)
6- Bo him y t ca ngi sang thm thn du lch
Khi ch c y cc giy t trn ch vit email n SQ c ti H Ni, TLSQ c ti Thnh ph H
Ch Minh https://service.diplo.de/appointment/ hn lch n np h s.
Sau khi ch t hn trong h thng, ch s nhn c xc nhn t hn qua ng th in t t
ng. Khi n i s qun theo hn t, ch cn mang theo xc nhn t hn v tt c cc giy t
cn thit. Nhng trng hp n khng ng hn t hoc khng mang theo y giy t s
khng c chp nhn.
Kinh Nghim Phng Vn Aps (Ngi Tt Nghip i Hc)
QU TRNH THAM GIA PHNG VN APS ( ngi tt nghip i hc _ ngnh kinh t)
I. Tm hiu thng tin + thng tin lin lc
- Trang web SQ : Deutsche Botschaft Hanoi - Trang u
- a ch SQ : 29 Trn Ph, Q Ba nh, H Ni
- ST: 04-38 453 836/7, 04-38 430 245/6
- Email ca ch Hng Giang : aps_hanoi@yahoo.com. y l email rt hu ch v ch Hng Giang rt
nhit tnh, tr li nhanh chng. C vn g trong qu trnh lm th tc APS th lin lc vi ch
II. Hon thin h s, giy t
1. - 1 n in y km nh h chiu ti t trang web ca i s qun c
- n in bng ch in hoa , ting c hoc ting Anh
- Link down : Deutsche Botschaft Hanoi - Hng dn chung ca B phn kim tra hc vn (APS) ti H
Ni , mc Cc bn hng dn ca APS Mu n ng k APS [pdf, 42,98k]
2. 1 bn dch chng thc CMTND
3. 1 phong b A4, bn ngoi ghi h tn, a ch, st ngi nhn chng ch APS
4. 1 bn dch chng thc bng tt nghip THPT
5. 2 bn foto cng chng bng tt nghip i hc (nu bng l song ng Anh Vit th ch cn foto cng
chng / Nu bng hon ton l ting Vit th dch chng thc )
6. 3 bn dch chng thc bng im tt nghip i hc
7. 1 bn sao chng thc chng ch ngoi ng ting Anh/ c/ hoc 1 bn ghi r thi gian t hc ngoi
ng
8. Ha n ngn hng v vic tr l ph
III. Np l ph v h s

1. L ph
- Ph : 150 USD
- a im np : cc chi nhnh Vietcombank
- Khi i np ph, in th ca SQ ti trang sau :http://www.daadvn.org/vi/21730/index.html , cm
th n trnh by vi PGD ca VCB mua USD v np ph vo ti khon sau
Ti khon : German Embassy, 29 Tran Phu, Hanoi
STK : 0011371844717
Vietcombank
Ni dung ghi trn phiu chuyn tin : H tn, ngy sinh, APS. VD : Nguyen Van A, 01/02/1989,APS
2. a im np h s ( np trc tip hoc qua ng bu in)
i s qun c ti Vit Nam, APS, 29 Trn Ph, Qun Ba nh, H Ni
Lu : Trng hp n np trc tip, n a im trn nhn chung ngoi ca, bo v s ra ly
h s cho bn. Bn s khng c vo trong. cho yn tm, khi v gi in n i s qun phng
lm th tc APS xc minh xem h s ca bn c mt cha hay anh bo v li qung i ri)
in thoi: 04-38 453 836/7, 04-38 430 245/6
IV. Phng vn
1. Nhn lch phng vn
Nhn lch phng vn qua email. t ca mnh phng vn u thng 11 th mnh nhn c mail vo
cui thng 9.
2. a im phng vn
Trung tm Vit c trong trng H Bch Khoa. Khi vo hi bc bo v khu kim tra APS
3. Ngy phng vn
- n mc lch s, mang theo CMND + bt vit + my tnh
- n sm khong 15-20 pht l Ok. S c nhn vin ngi ngoi kim tra tn v xem CMND ca bn
trc khi phng vn
3.1. Lm bi test
- Dn bn vo 1 phng ring lm bi test, trong c giy trng + tin cho bn tra @@
- Thi gian : 20 pht
- Ni dung : cho bn 2 la chn.
1 : mn c s ( VD vi ngnh kinh t : kinh t vi m, cho 1 biu , tnh ton im cn bng, gi
trn, gi sn. )
1 : Mn chuyn ngnh

3.2. Phng vn
- Ht 20 pht ng phng vn vo, thu bi ca bn v dn bn sang phng bn cnh PV.
- Ni dung phng vn :
Cho hi, gii thiu, hi mc ch hc tp, chn trng , kha hc cha .
Xoy vo mt s mn trong bng im ca bn, c th hi l n dy v ci g
Cho bn cm bi test va lm lc ny v ku bn gii thch li 1 bi nh no
Tranh lun v 1 vn kinh t lin quan ti bi test
V. Nhn kt qu
- Thi gian : 1-2 ngy. Ngi ta s lin h theo ST bn cung cp, xem bn hin c H ni khng
a th mt cch sm nht, bt k a ch bn ghi trn b th l tnh no
- Yu cu cp thm chng ch APS:
ra Vietcombank np 20 USD vo TK ca SQ ( STK:0011371844717) ghi r trong giy chuyn tin ni
dung xin thm chng ch APS, h tn v ngy sinh
Sau np (hoc gi) bin lai chuyn tin ny cng 1 phong b to kh A4 ghi r a ch v s di ng
ca ngi nhn
Nu bn H Ni ngi ta s mi bn ti SQ nhn
- S chng ch c cp cho mi ln nh vy l : 10

Cho Ad v cc bn!
Mnh c tham gia t phng vn APS thng 11 va ri khoa kinh t i ngoi, mnh c mt s kinh
nghim phng vn APS cho cc bn tt nghip i hc, mun chia s cho cc bn:
- Khi gi h s cc bn s gi km mt b th A4 c ghi a ch v nh bn sau h s gi kt
qu v bng b th , trn phn a ch cc bn nh ghi tn mnh v s di ng, v khi c kt qu anh
chuyn pht s gi lun cho bn hi cn HN th ra ly nh vy hm sau phng vn 1 ngy l bit kt
qu lun( mnh ghi tn b mnh v st bn nn b gi qua ng bu in phi i cng st rut)
- L ph Pv l 150$, gi vo tk ca i s qun c ti NH Vietcombank ( cc bn nh mang $ n np
nh, NH ko i cho u,)
- PV thng 5 hn np l cui thng 2, thng 11 l cui thng 8.( tuy nhin vn c th cao su 1,2 ngy,
bn mnh vn np c, ci ny ko khuyn khch nh) khong u thng 4, 10 s c mail i s qun
gi cho bn hn ngy pv. Mnh c hn c mt lc 8h v l ngi pv th 2.
- Phng vn:
+ Bi tp: cc bn s c 15 n 20 pht lm bi, trong phng c bt, giy nhp, my tnh v cc
loi t in. Phn bi tp th hu nh na n cc nm trc ch c bin i mt cht, hay thm mt
hai phn nh khc, cc bn c th xin li cc anh ch phng vn cc t trc cng chuyn ngnh
vi mnh, nu ko quen ai ln trang Wed ttvnol.com, trn c hn mt topic chia sv kinh nghim pv
APS, cc anh ch c post bi tp ln , ci ny phi chu kh tm ti v tham kho.
Mnh c 2 bi tp bi 1 l gii thch cc iu khon trong Incoterm, bi 2 v kinh t vi m: tnh t sut
doanh thu, im ha vn, chi ph bin i, v phi bn s lng bao nhiu c li nhun bng mt
s c th.
+ Phng vn: u tin h bo mnh gii thiu v bn thn, b m bn lm g( ci ny xem kh nng
chi tr ti chnh cho bn), hc ting c u bao nhiu tit, bn sang c hc Bachelor

hay Master ( mnh tr li l Bachelor ca trng ngnh) h hi tip sao ko hc tip Master chuyn
ngnh ca bn VN.
Hu nh ai cng b hi cc cu trn ngoi ra cc bn nn chun b cc cu: ti sao li sang c( ci
ny ngoi chung chung cc thun li khi hc c cc bn nn a ra mt s thch c nhn v d ti
thch i bng no ca c v thch xem h thi u trc tip, hay thch bn nhc, ca s no ca c
v c nhiu bn b hi li sao khng hc Anh, hay Singapore, M cng c cc iu kin tt
nh th), hc g bn c, u, bit g v thnh ph , bit g v nc c, bn c ngi thn bn
ko, bit g v trng bn d nh hc, .
Mnh ra trng c 2 nm nn h c hi l sau khi ra trng bn lm vic g cha?( cc bn i
lm ri nn tm tt qua cng vic cng d b hi vo)
Phn 2 hi v cc mn hc: rt nhiu ngi b hi v n cui kha, lm v ci g, ng dng c
kin thc g hc, cng ty bn thc tp c p dng c g ko?... ( mnh chc ra trng 2 nm ri nn
ko b hi)
Cc mn hc h s hi bn hc nhng g trong mn hc ny, mi mn cc bn nn gch ra t 3 n 5
, h s khng hi rng m s hi theo kiu trin khai cc bn va ni, v d mnh b hi mn kinh
t quc t mnh c ni v th trng ngoi hi, h hi tip th trng ngoi khi l g? T gia l g?
T gi chu nh hng cc yu t no, tip lm pht l g?...
Cc bn hc kinh t hay b hi vo cc mn: kinh t chnh tr, xc sut, kt vi m v v m( so snh gia
hai mn ny), v cc mn chuyn ngnh my k cui,
H c a cho mnh t bng im v hi mnh trong cc mn hc bn thy mn no quan trng, mnh
bo tt c v k ra mt s mn nhng ng mn mnh ko nh r tn lm ni hi nhp ngng th b hi,
mnh c ni y ko phi mn th mnh ca ti, nhng may mnh c nh vi nn k ra, nn khi pv
mn no cc bn ko chc chn th ng bao gi nhc n. Ngoi cc mn mnh ktrn mi mn cc
bn nn k ra c 1,2 chnh cho h thy rng ng l bn c hc mn , nu khng cc
bn c th a ra v d c th ri gii thch. C nhiu bn b hi cc cu tnh hung VD: bn mua mt
chic oto th thuc v vi m hay v m, .
Ch khng bao gi c ci li hay tranh lun vi ngi phng vn, v ngi c lun cho rng kin
thc ca h l chnh xc. Bit r ci g th ni ng ni linh tinh d b vn li ri li cng ri hn.
Bt k mn no trong bng im ca bn cng c th b hi, cn ty thuc vo may mn mi ngi,
nhng cng ko kh lm u, cc bn c t tin, trung thc, ng chm gi qu l ok ri.
(Mt mo na dnh cho cc bn pv m ting c cha tt l vi nhng ngi sang c hc Bachelor
th yu cu ko cao nh Master nn d qua hn, khi sang bn cc bn c th np li h s hc
master.)

CC BC NG K PHNG VN APS ( P DNG CHO TH SINH TT NGHIP I HC V D THI PV

BNG TING ANH). y l kinh nghim thc t ca mnh cho k thi APS thng 5/2012 va ri.
Bc 1: Chun b h s ng k
Trc tin th sinh cn phi vo website ca SQ c tm hiu xem trng H ca mnh c nm
trong danh sch Anabin ca c khng ( c th tham kho website ca SQ c hoc vo trang
ny ( du hc ti c phi tha iu kin g&#236;? - Gi&#225;o dc -Du hc - Tui Tr Online) Nu
trng c trong danh sch c chp thun th th sinh cn phi chun b chng chIELTS hoc TOFFLE
( i vi IETLS t 5 tr ln l c cn TOFFLE th chc tng ng vi im IELTS l c). Trong trng
hp th sinh cha c 2 chng ch trn th cn phi c chng ch hc ting Anh trng H ca mnh
hoc Trung tm no ng chng hn 1000 tit hc ting Anh, ring vi chng ch loi ny th th
sinh cn vit thm mt n gi phng APS nu r qu trnh hc tp ting Anh ca mnh h thy th
sinh c kh nng p ng cho bui pv.
Bc 2: Np h s
Sau khi h s p ng c nhng tiu ch nh trn th chng ta bt u tin hnh np h s.
H s gm c: mu n ng k pv APS ( mu ny c trn Website ca SQ c)

- L ph ( hnh nh USD 110 + 50k VND ph ck, mnh k nh r lm v thi t hi thng 5/2012)
- Km theo chng ch ting Anh + bng tt nghip H, bng im ( bn cng chng v bn ny cng
phi c dch thut ra ting Anh ri)
Gi tin hnh np h s thi: c 2 cch ( mt l gi h s qua ng bu in, hai l gi online qua
mng) min l h s gi i th cc bn th sinh phi chc chn rng mnh ra ngn hng lm th tc
chuyn khon l ph thi vo tk ca SQ c v scan hoc photo t chuyn khon km theo
h s ( trong t chuyn khon ghi r phn mc ch ck l np l ph thi APS cho th sinh tn l Trn
Vn A, Nguyn Th B g nh l phi ghi y h tn)
Bc 3: Xc nhn h s thi c chp nhn
Khong 2 tun sau k t khi gi h s, bn s nhn c email ca Ms Hng Giang bn b phn APS
gi email xc nhn h s ca ca bn c chp thun hay khng. Nu c chp thun th trong
email ghi r thi gian v a im thi ca bn. Bn cn phi reply li confirm mnh nhn c
email. C g cha hiu r c th in thoi hoc email li cho Ms Giang hi. Bn y tr li kh
nhanh.
Bc 4: n thi
Tht ra ni l bc 4 ch ngay sau khi xc nh thi APS th cc bn cn phi lm bc ny ri. ng
ch quan l mnh hc chuyn ngnh Kinh t th ch cn n my cu lin quan ti chuyn ngnh hoc
hc QTKD th n cc mn trong phm vi . Nu cc k thi APS trong vng 2 nm tr li y, cc
bn s thy c nhng cu hi dnh cho sv khoa Thng mi li khng h lin quan ti chuyn ngnh,
thm ch cu hi c th l Son tho vn bn trong Word gm nhng bc g, th no Words,
PowerpointChnh v vy mnh strongly recommend cc bn l: nhng mn hc no nm trong bng
im ca cc bn th nn hc ht ( ngoi tr mn Lch s ng v T tng HCM). Nghe ni th th kh
nhiu bn chong v hi mnh l hc sao ht, tht ra k thi ny ch l pv nn h cng khng hi su
nh khi chng mnh hc trong trng. V vy mi mn cc bn ch cn lc ra chnh, di nht th
cng ch khong 1 trang A4 thi, nh vy th tng cng ch c khong 35 trang ( y l theo trng
mnh c 35 mn trong bng im cn cc trng khc mnh khng r, nhng chc chn cng
ch khong tm thi)
Bc 5. i thi
n ngy thi, bn ch cn mang theo h chiu hoc CMT v bt bi hoc bt mc l c v khi vo
phng thi h s cp cho bn giy v t in.
Cc bn cng cn chun b tm l khi vo phng thi: c rt nhiu bn hay hi mnh ting Anh ca
ngi c hi khc v kh nghe hn ting Anh ca ngi Anh v ngi c. Tt nhin l khc nhng
theo mnh thy khng kh nghe u v cng ty mnh c kh nhiu i tc l cng ty ca c, mnh
thy h ni ting Anh kh n. Thm na quy nh c v nhiu nc chu u khc l hc xong cao
hc d bng ting bn x th sinh vin vn phi m bo IELTS t 6 tr ln. Hung chi gim kho ton
l cc Tin s, Gio s.V vy cc bn yn tm chm thoi mi k cc nhng thut ng chuyn ngnh
ln nhng t vng thuc dng Academic.
u tin th sinh s c gi vo phng, mt v Gim kho s pht t cu hi. C th c t 3-5 cu
khng c nh. Bn s c mt mnh trong phng trong vng 15 pht lm bi, c php
s dng t in. Nhng theo kinh nghim ca c nhn mnh th tht s khng c thi gian dnh cho
vic tra cu t in u. Nu cha lm bi xong m Gim kho vo thu bi th bn cng ng run v
bn c quyn b sung thm phn tr li khi phng vn trc tip.
Mi phng pv s c 2 Gim kho, mt ngi hi cn mt ngi ghi. V vy ng run khi thy mt
v Gim kho chng thm ni nng g ch lnh lng ghi chp. Mt v Gim kho s c bi lm ca bn

v nhng cu hi ch yu s xoay quanh nhng cu hi m bn lm. Thm ch trong phn lm bi

bn c nhm ln th phn tr li bn c th iu chnh v phn tr li ca bn c ghi li phn ny
mi l phn bn c tnh im. Bn c khong 10 pht tr li v cc cu hi, ngoi ra khong 5
pht sau, Gim kho c th hi bn mt s cu khng lin quan n kin thc nh kiu: Bn ang lm
g, cng ty bn chuyn v ngnh g, ti sao bn li chn c m khng phi l nc khc du hc,
bn la chn trng no cha, hc ph i du hc l do bn t chi tr hay l cng ty bn ti tr, bn
c thn nhn bn c khng ( ring vi cu ny mnh thy mi ngi rt hay c hi v li khuyn
cho cu tr li nn l khng d bn c thn nhn bn ).
Sau khong 15 pht phng vn, Gim kho s ni cm n bn v bo vi bn l khong 1 tun sau
bn s nhn c kt qu. Tuy nhin, ch ngy hm sau ( nu bn khng thi vo th 7 cui tun) l bn
s nhn c in thoi ca bn chuyn pht nhanh thng bo l bn v qua ly kt qu. Tht ra
bn CPN ny s phi pht n a ch bn ng k nhn kt qu, nhng h bit l chng ai khng
st rut ch kt qu, v th vi nhng ai l h s gi in thng bo th l ai cng 3 chn 4 cng
n ly chng ch. H va khng tn thi gian i pht th m th sinh cng vui v bit kt qu sm. Cn
nhng ai trt th h s i pht m khng dm gi in thoi. H c th phn bit c ai , ai trt
v nhng ngi s nhn c 10 t Certificate kh A4, nn phong b s l loi A4, cn nhng ai trt
th ch c mt t giy thng bo tin bun nn l loi phong b A5.
V th hng th mnh thy mi ngi ni l c 4 loai: loi vt, loi trung bnh, loi kh v loi
Gii. Th hng APS cng l mt yu t trng xt tuyn.
n y l chm dt quy trnh thi APS, cc bn ch cn lm cc th tc xin th mi t trng na thi.
Chc cc bn thi tt nh
Ad tng hp 1 s comment chia s kinh nghim phng vnAPS ca cc thnh vin Page, c 1 s bn l
phng vn t hi cn cho c nhng ngi cha tt nghip i hc na ( gi th nhng ngi ny ko
phi phng vn na )
1. Bn Ngo Van Kien:
theo em quan trng nht trong phn phng vn l mnh nn ch ng ni chuyn vui v vi h nht c
th, ng c l i h hi mi tr li ri thi. Vo phng em cho h ri hi Wie geht es Ihnen?
H tr li rt thn thin ri hi li, e ngh nn lm thch hnh nh nhiu bn c vo ngi ri i h hi
th ko c ch ng lm.
2. Ban Xuan Nguyen:
Cho mi ngi..mnh phng vn APS hum qua ngy 14.5.Mnh tt nghip ngnh k ton pv bng ting
Anh(nhng TA mnh hi km cht h h).Mnh c 1 ng v 1 b pv, pht bi tp v:" Ton ti chnh"
lm trong vng 15 pht. lm xong ng Ty vo thu bi v dn sang phng bn cnh pv. B ty l
ngi hi mnh.ku mnh gii thiu bn thn,gia nh,ngh nghip b m,xong hi mun hc g bn
c, trng no? xong hi k v ngh nghip b m hin ang kinh doanh g? Sau n lt ng
Ty,ng li t bng im ca mnh ra v hi mnh v mn Thng k hc,sau hi v lun vn tt
nghip mnh ni lm v k ton Nguyn liu vt liu cng c dng c,ng b ko hiu v hi vn vo
lung tung my cu,mnh cng ch hiu g lun.hihihihi.tip theo l mn Thng k hc, hi mnh bit g
v mn v gii thch,v bo mnh a v d,xong bn tn v ci v d mt cht th ng bo ok.tuy
nhin v phn ting mnh km.tip tao hi my mt mn na? sau hi v mn kinh t vi m v m 2
mn ny nh th no? mnh gii thch ra xong ri ng "ok ok" v ni "done".mnh ci toe tot sau
ng tm bit v khuyn mnh ci g ....Germany Germany.v vui v cung qu nn ko hiu na,ch bit
"yes yes".xong ri tm bit v cm n.bye bye i v...Ht. l hnh trnh APS ca mnh v cui cng
th cng APS
3. Ban Nguyen Anh Tuan:
Minh di lam, vua pv ngay 8.5, cung 1 ong, 1 ba. No bao minh gioi thieu, vua noi den cho di lam dc 4
nam, the la no hoi luon tu do den khi het: lam j, cv hang ngay the nao, mo ta lai cv...roi sau do no hoi

chuyen de tot nghiep,cuoi cug no hoi la sang Duc hoc o dau. Roi tam biet. Bai tap: Kinh te nen no hoi
ve cac nd: tai san, nguon von, tai san xuat kinh doanh.... CV no hoi ve nganh cua minh: di dong la j, co
may nha cug cap, nguoi kinh doanh di dog fai lam j... fat am k chuan, nhug ma may cug qa. Chia
se it thong tin vs cac ban.
4. Quang Huy Nguyen:
mnh pv ngnh C kh, phng 2 ng, c bit 2 ng ny rn mi ko ci c 1 n, hi cng khng kh
nghe lm nhng dn dp, lin tip ko cho ai ngh ngi, bi tp ng ta cho v chuyn ngnh, mnh tra n
ra l topo graphic, i ch ion, k thut tch ng t g bla bla..., c t mnh tra t in 150k t trong
phng cn ch c, ni chung cha hc nn ting vit cn k bit na l ting c.. tm li l nh ng
hi, may vo chm c nhng cu n hi nn may qua... theo mnh th 2 ng d vi n, kh vi nam,
n ton gut v sehr gut, k c k lm c v tr li bt.. cn vi nam. 100% nhng ng mnh bit pv phng
2 ng nu l gering..
5. Nguyn Gia Nam:
Em va phng vn xong sng nay . Hn 10h, em vo lc 10h20 lc 11h xong. Ngnh ti chnh ngn
hng trng ngoi thng.
bi chun b ca em gm 1 bi tch phn tch th tch khi trong xoay, l th l bi ton v vn tc
nc bn ra, nh c ln mt bn trnh by trn ny. Lc u vo hi hoang mang, v thc s l em
khng nh ra ni ci t nh l chng minh, nh ngha. Sau mt hi xon th li thy thng, lm bi
trn tru tm 10 pht xong ci ng y. Ngi ch thm 10 pht na, c thuc gn ht tn trn bn
c th bc gio s i vo gi em vo phng vn.
Em gii thiu nhanh gn, nhng m bc y ni kh nghe lm. Lc u em tr li ba thi, ch cn bit.
Lt sau my cu ngi ta hi c y cu nn em hiu, tr li c i loi cng v ni bn mun
hc, trng no, ngnh g, v sao. Bc y nghin cu bi em lm xong, thy c s Pi trong cng thc
Th tch nn hi, em tr li, quy tc bn ti hc th, ti tha nhn, khng chng minh. ng y bo: c
th bn s chng minh c khi hc c, ri ci. Sau ngi ta hi v ng nng, th nng trong
bi l em lm, th em ch tr li kinetische und potenzielle Energie l g thi, c m kh lm, mi mi
c ht c. Sau d bng im thy ho nn hi lun ho. Cho tm 20 cht, c tn, v c hay
hu c, phn ng, ng dng trong i sng -> ci ny em c " sehr wichtig im Leben " , sau vi
phn ng n gin Ri th hi v kinh t, c bn nh vi m, v m, c ch th trng, ni chung nh
ngha v ci ngnh ti chnh ngn hng em hc thi. . Xong bc gio s kia mi hi v chuyn i
sng, gia nh. Ni chung cng thoi mi. Qua khong 1 pht u hi hp th ni chung l ni rt sun
s
Xong, Aufwiedersehen.
6.Truong Tra Minh:
vua tham gia phong van APS 10.05.2012 chuyen nganh tai chinh doanh nghiep va cung da nhan duoc
ket qua t hm qua. Phn thi ca mnh rt d. u tin l mt bi tp v chit khu dng tin rt n
gin v khi vo phng vn ch hi nhng ci v bn thn mnh nh: gii thiu bn thn, b m, vi sao
chon c, chn c trng no cha. Ri n i chiu bi tp, mnh b sai 1 v hiu sai bi,
h hi cch mnh lm trc ri gii thch cho mnh sai u. Ri goodbye nhau......mnh pass ri nhng
kt qu thp ><, v ting anh mnh qu t.
7. Mai Hoang Nguyen:
noi chung la khi thi pv aps , can chu y rang : cai gi minh khong biet thi dung co tra loi tam bay , tam ba
, no ghet day . phan dau vao doi voi nhung ban nao da hoc 2 hoac 3 hk cac nganh kinh te , khoa hoc ,
ki thuat se co phan 15 phut de giai thich thuat ngu . 30 p con lai se la hoi dap ve ban than minh , vai
mon ban da hoc ( Achtung : ho hoi khong sau lam dau , nhung phai biet ap dung thuc te vao .vd : ho
hoi Inflation la gi...kem theo do se la cau hoi tinh hinh lam phat o Vn ra sao ) trong qua trinh phong van
ho se cho 1 vai bai toan don gian de ban lam , ket qua tinh toan ko quan trong lam , chu yeu la cach
giai bai toan thoi .
8. Bn Phuong Dung Nguyen:

Mnh va phng vn APS lc 11h sng nj xog ( l ra l 13h nhg ch hiu sao n gi v sm th ). Mnh
hc xog QTKD o H KTQD oy, vo bc thn thin hi mjh` lm bi bag` D or E ( bt l l thuyt thui,
ca mjh` l v s GANTT + Netzplan + Meilenstein ( nhug c 2 ci mjh` ko dc hc H nn ghj l
ko hc ), mjh bo D, ri khj v PV ku gt bn thn,g,...Mnh bn 1 hi, ng y bo gut, rui` hi sao li
hc DL m ko fai USA, ENG; mun' hc o truong nao o DL ( hc fi' ? chj fj' cho c/s bn ny? ), ai s chj
tr $ cho i hc? thu nhp ca b m?...Sau y hi chuyn ngnh ( hi khi nim Vi m, v m thj mjh
hem nh ni l hc 5 nm oy, hi gi 1 d n xy dng na ch ). Cui cng ng cn li hi l
hc ting c c bao lu oy? u? GV dy l ng` c hay Vit hay c 2? c k thi ting c no
cha? tn k thi l j? th thui rui` Vielen Dank & aufwiedersehen ! Chc cc bn pv tip' may mn nh,
hi ng ln nj c v thoi mi lm, ^^
9. Bn Ngo Hong Viet:
Mnh hc Kinh t i ngoi va i phng vn v n.
Bi vit: Phn tch cc c im chnh ca kinh t Vit Nam v qu trnh hp tc kinh t quc t ca
VN
Phng vn: hi rt nhiu, mnh nh c:
+ Gii thiu v bn thn, gia nh, nh hc g c, ti chnh ly u ra? Nu i lm ri th lm u?
+ Cc chnh sch ti kha v tin t ca Vit Nam. Mnh cn phi gii thch thm v h thng
bank VN (v mnh tng lm banking)
+Vit Nam gia nhp nhng t chc kinh t quc t no, nm no?
Sau nhn ci bng im hi mnh:
+ Kinh t vi m, v m khc nhau th no
+ Kinh t mi trng m hc ci g? cc doanh nghip nc m lm j bo v mi trng?
Ri hi sang k hoch hc ting c, bo m nn hc cng sm cng tt (v mnh mi ch bit ting
anh), kt thc bui phng vn^^

Mnh nhn thy l mnh nn ng gp cho ci ni mnh hc hi rt nhiu ny. . Mnh hc ti chnh
ngn hng, phng vn ting anh.
Bi tp: nu chc nng ca ngn hng trung ng. so snh gia european central bank v european
national central banks.
phng vn: ng y hi cc k nhiu v chi tit, ko cho mnh gii thiu bn thn. mnh ch nh l c:
cng ty a quc gia, u t quc t, ODA, FDI, ti chnh tin t, dng tin, mi quan h gia lm pht,
dng tin v tng trng GDP, th tc vay vn ca ngn hng u t (*/)....
nhn xt chung t mi ngi i trc l ch yu l nu hiu bit mt ci g , in t. phng vn
ch yu hi chuyn ngnh, hi chung chung. ko hiu sao mnh b ng hnh kinh khng th. chc ti
mnh ci ng my ci v xem li th mnh sai tht Hi vng l ng khng ght mnh@@.
Mnh mi phng vn xong 18/4 va ri, ngnh Kin trc. Hn 13h nhng mnh li l ngi cui cng,
nn ngi ni chuyn vi bc trng bn ngoi.
-Phn bi tp:
Cu 1: Bn cn nhng thng tin g thit k mt nh my cha cc Turbine.
Cu 2: Hy thit k v gii thch bn thit k ca bn.
-> Mnh ch kp lm tm 10' l b gi sang pv ri. Ngi trc mnh pv ting anh nn v ci l xong ri.
-Phn phng vn:
+2 bc yu cu mnh gii thiu bn thn, hc hnh VN v c, chi ph hng thng l bn? Ngnh kin
trc th h hi c th l mng g (Quy hoch, Ni tht...) mnh ni hc Double Facade Skin -> Gii thch
thm v ci ny.
+Hi v n tt nghip lm g, c kh thi vn k?
+Hi v Mn cp thot nc: cch i ng nc thi trong cng trnh nh th no? Mnh v lun s
cp nc trong nh dn ra. gii thch mt hi th ok.
->Fertig: Hn 2 tun sau c kt qu.
1 s bn kin trc phng vn trc mnh th b hi nh Phn bit cc loi beton (ct thp, bt thng, bt
ng lc), dng ch no? Bi tp th thit k cn h hoc mt ng ca ta nh vn phng...
Chia s nh, mnh hc QTKD ra trg 2012, hn t va i phng vn v. theo lch l 12.20 nhng do n
sm th l ng y gi vo thi lun, th l mnh chin u lun.
Lm btap 20p Was ist Management? Was sind die Prinzipien des Managements ?

sau 20p th c dn sang Interview . ng y bo gii thiu v bn thn gia nh, hc ci g v hc u,

ai s tr tin hc cho mnh. ri sang n bng im ton mn ky 5,6.7.8 mi ng ch hc k nh, e
phng vn ni chung l cha tt lm, hazzz gi ngi i kq thi . mnh phng vn tn 30p,tra tn
xong APS chc mi ng thi sau thi tt nha. alle gute fuer dir
Ba nay mnh mi phng APS xong , va v mnh ln chia s kinh nghim ngnh kin trc cng trnh
cho cc bn lun.
Ti thy thng tin v ngnh ny t qu. Mnh phng vn bng ting Anh.
Phn bi tp c 2 bi : 1 l thit k nh hng , bar , bp , cho 1 mt bng hnh ch nht di thit k.
s 2 cho 1 mt bng bit th ku binh landscape.
Vo phng vn chng hi g v introduce yourself v mn hc ht m ch hi v nhng g mnh i lm.
Ku mnh gii thch 1 mt bng nh ph VN ti sao n b nh vy. C cch no gii quyt khng v
khng th m ca s 2 bn. H hi nhiu v plan bn c. Hc trng no u. Nn tm hiu v
thnh ph mnh s , tp no c c im g. trng mnh th ra sao. Thnh lp nm no c KTS no ni
ting hay khng.
Mc d cha c kt qu nhng ring vi ngnh KT ca mnh do tnh nng khiu cng nhiu v t cc
mn v tnh ton nn nu ai ra trng lu mnh xin chia s l c t tin v bnh tnh l ok. Nn n nhiu
v nh dn dng v nhng kin thc cn bn nht trong nh ( v d nh chc nng ca cc phng ,
cch thot gi ly sng, s lc v kt cu mng , dm , sn. H thng in nc trong nh. Cp thot
ra sao. ), cn nhng ci khc nn xem qua nhng c l nu ko thi gian th cng ko cn hc qu k.
Cc gio s mt tuy rt nghim nhng mnh c thoi mi th 1 lc h s thoi mi li. Hy vng mi
ngi u c kt qu tt v vic i du hc thun li.
Gi ch kt qu. Nu kt qu kh quan mnh s chia s thm 1 s kinh nghim nh khc khi mnh
phng vn. Cn nu t qu th thi. S ch by nh hng n cc bn. :D

Aps Cho Ngi Cha Tt Nghip i Hc, Hoc Tt Nghip Cao ng

Qu trnh np h s APS ca em nh ( dnh cho cc bn mi thi i hc xong) :
* Lu : vi cc bn thi TestAS ch ko phng vn APS th cc bn c th np h s bt c lc no ( lch
trnh trn ca mnh ch mang tnh cht tham kho )
thng 7.2012 : thi i hc
thng 8.2012 : nhn giy bo kt qu i hc
thng 9.2012 : dch giy t , np h s APS
Giy t APS gm :
1,1 n in y ( km nh h chiu ) , in bng ting anh hoc ting c
2, 1 bn chp chng thc cmt
3, 1 phong b c A4 ghi r a ch ngi nhn giy chng ch APS qua ng bu in ( ghi c s in
thoi nu c )
4,Ngoi ra , np 2 bn sao chng thc v 1 bn dch chng thc cc giy t sau :
1. Giy chng nhn tt nghip THPT (tm thi ) hoc bng tt nghip THPT ( vs cc bn tt nghip
nm trc )
2. Giy bo trng tuyn i hc vi s im ti thiu l 15 ( khng c mn no di 4 im )

5,1 bn sao chng thc chng ch ngoi ng ( ting Anh hoc ting c ) hoc 1 bn ghi r thi gian t
hc ngoi ng
6. Ha n ngn hng v vic tr l ph
* L ph ngn hng l 150 USD
v phi c tr trc ti Vietcombank v ha n phi np km h s
Ti khon : German Embassy ,29 Trn Ph , H Ni
S ti khon : 0011371844717 ( Vietcombank nha mi ngi)
Khi np nh ghi y h tn , ngy sinh v l do np l APS nh
sau khi hon thnh y h s th cc bn c th mang n np trc tip ti i s qun c ti
H Ni , hoc gi bu in theo a ch : i s qun c Vit Nam , APS , 29 Trn Ph , Ba nh , H
Ni
Sau 1-2 tun SQ s gi kt qu APS cho cc bn (ty vo lc thi gian cc bn np c nhiu h s
hay khng th thi gian trn c th s lu hoc sm hn 1 cht nh

Qu trnh np h s APS ca em nh ( dnh cho cc bn mi thi i hc xong) :

* Lu : vi cc bn thi TestAS ch ko phng vn APS th cc bn c th np h s bt c lc no ( lch
trnh trn ca mnh ch mang tnh cht tham kho )

thng 7.2012 : thi i hc

thng 8.2012 : nhn giy bo kt qu i hc
thng 9.2012 : dch giy t , np h s APS
Giy t APS gm :
1,1 n in y ( km nh h chiu ) , in bng ting anh hoc ting c
2, 1 bn chp chng thc cmt
3, 1 phong b c A4 ghi r a ch ngi nhn giy chng ch APS qua ng bu in ( ghi c s in
thoi nu c )
4,Ngoi ra , np 2 bn sao chng thc v 1 bn dch chng thc cc giy t sau :
1. Giy chng nhn tt nghip THPT (tm thi ) hoc bng tt nghip THPT ( vs cc bn tt nghip
nm trc )
2. Giy bo trng tuyn i hc vi s im ti thiu l 15 ( khng c mn no di 4 im )
5,1 bn sao chng thc chng ch ngoi ng ( ting Anh hoc ting c ) hoc 1 bn ghi r thi gian t
hc ngoi ng
6. Ha n ngn hng v vic tr l ph

* L ph ngn hng l 150 USD

v phi c tr trc ti Vietcombank v ha n phi np km h s
Ti khon : German Embassy ,29 Trn Ph , H Ni
S ti khon : 0011371844717 ( Vietcombank nha mi ngi)
Khi np nh ghi y h tn , ngy sinh v l do np l APS nh
sau khi hon thnh y h s th cc bn c th mang n np trc tip ti i s qun c ti
H Ni , hoc gi bu in theo a ch : i s qun c Vit Nam , APS , 29 Trn Ph , Ba nh , H
Ni
Sau 1-2 tun SQ s gi kt qu APS cho cc bn (ty vo lc thi gian cc bn np c nhiu h s
hay khng th thi gian trn c th s lu hoc sm hn 1 cht nh

Website SQ c tpHCM: Deutsches Generalkonsulat Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt - Startseite

H s cn np gm nhng th trn, mu n chung cc bn ti y: Au&szlig;enstelle Hanoi vi C&aacute;c m&#7851;u &#273;&#417;n c&#7911;a &#272;SQ &#272;&#7913;c
Cn li cc yu cu khc nh l:Zu, ti khon DB,APS...cc bn phi y ri, e ch thy cn lu l
v:
1. ci Lebenslauf vit ngn gn qu trnh t khi thi h n gi, nh ghi li email+st h lin lc vi
mnh
2. cn c ci n xc nhn laf s hc ng ngnh ng trng na, ci ny th phn u n mnh ghi
ging nh ci Lebenslauf, ri ghi thm cu "ti ha s hc ng ngnh xyz ti trng abc" l c. E
l nh vy v sau thi gian ch h x l n thy ko c phn ng ji` nn chc ko sao ^^
3. h chiu th nn i cng chng bn sao 1 bn cho chc nh
4. lm 1 b hon chnh ri photo ra 2 b na, h s gi li 2 bn photo v tr li mnh bn chnh.
5. Cui cng l nh t lch hn cho chnh xc
nh: https://service2.diplo.de/rktermin/...h&realmId=71&categoryId=130&request_locale=de
P/s: ch c 1 iu m e cha bit l, ko bit i theo din sang hc i hc nh e th c pv visa ji ko??
e ch cng c gn 3 tun ri v ko bit kt qu th no...hi vng mi chuyn s sun s!
vit s vit 3 bi thi.
Cn t thi B1 trc th l 3 bi c hiu (75 pht) , sau 2 bi ng php , 1 bi nghe c 3 phn ,
1 bi ni c 3 phn.
ni chung l phn c kh hn, phn vit nhiu hn, a hi li thm cc c gio. Em c hc i, sau
gn t thi khong 2 thng ra i hc H Ni khoa c m n, vo phng 519
Em vo trang web ny:
German examinations - New as of 08/2013! Goethe-Zertifikat B1 - Practice and Information
Materials&nbsp;-&nbsp;Goethe-Institut&nbsp;
download thi mu Sample Test xem kiu bi thi nh th no nh. Ri so snh vi thi kiu c l
em c th bit ngay s khc bit nh th no thi m
theo thi gian nht nh ca mi trng bn , mi stk bewerbungszeitraum khc nhau, thi hn nh
th no bn c th vo trang ch ca cc trng
Khong 06.08.2013 l bt u thi STudienKolleg ca Hamburg ti Vit Nam, mnh cng ang trong
qu trnh n thi.

Thi STK ch c ting c, s c 3 phn : L Test, C Test v Hren Test

L Test v C Test u l mu dng bi in t cn thiu vo ch trng theo CH , ch khc nhau l
in phn cn thiu (arbei....) hay t cn thiu ( Ich ..... als Kaufmann).
H Test cng nh vy, nhng bn s c nghe, sau in t cn thiu vo.
Cch hc ca mnh rt n gin, mnh c 1 quyn sch chuyn v L Test , c khong 100 ch .
Bc 1: Mnh nh my ln v in t, on xem n l loi t no, cch no, th no, nhiu hay t,....
Bc 2: Mnh nh vn bn vo Acapela Text to Speech Demo nghe ging c, sau dng IDM
down v ( n t bt link) , nh chn ging ngi c nh.
Bc 3: n li CH bng cch NGHE trn in thoi , qun th nhn vo File Word. Qua cch s dng
cc gic quan tc ng vo no tt hn, mnh cm thy nh lu hn
Bn no hng th mnh s post ln y cho mi ngi tham kho. D nhin phn c clip nghe cc bn
nn t lm, v cc g c sn s gy LI
Zum Beispiel: 116. Wasserkonsum
In Deutschla.. wird, w.. in je... anderen La.. der We.. auch, se.. viel Was.... getrunken. D.. Deutschen
lie....ihr Was.... jedoch mei..... mit Kohlens..... vers..... Die.... Wasser wi... dann Spru...oder
Mineralwa.... mit Kohlens.... genannt. Bevor ffnen ei....Flasche Spru.... entweicht d.... berflssige
Kohlens....., der Re.... bleibt ihr Wasser zu....
Do nc c ang phi i mt vi t l sinh con thuc loi thp nht chu u, khin dn s c xu
hng gim, nn mt trng trung hc nc ny tuyn b s tr 500 euro cho cc bc ph huynh
khi ng k cho con nhp hc.
Theo t Trierischer Volksfreund, ngi trng ny c tn Speicher thuc bang Rhineland-Palatinate.
Khon tin ni trn c t tn l "Starterkit" (gi bt u), nhm thu ht hc sinh cc la tui t 10
n 11 n ghi danh ti trng.
Trong nm hc mi s bt u t cui thng Hai, ch tiu tuyn sinh ca trng l 51. Nhng n ngy
24/2 mi ch c 26 hc sinh n nhp hc.
"Ti khng bit iu g c cho l tri o c y?" hiu trng Juergen Weber ni trn n bn
online ca Trierischer Volksfreund. "y xt cho cng l mt truyn thng h tr ph huynh v hc
sinh trong vic tr hc ph."
Th trng Rudolf Becker m t vic chi tr gy tranh ci ny ging nh "qu sri trn chic bnh ngt"
v cho bit ngay c nu c 100 tr em ng k hc th trng vn vui mng tr 500 euro cho mi
trng hp. Tuy nhin, iu ny khin cc quan chc gio dc c t ra quan ngi.
"Hng i ny c v khng ng. S la chn trng hc khng nn da theo cc vn ti chnh," t
bo trc tuyn trch li mt quan chc c tn Eveline Dziendziol.
Kapitel eins: Lerne neue Wrter immer mit Beispielstzen
niemals nur einzelne Wrter

Hin gi e ang bang Bayern, visum glstig n 8-6. Gi e c 1 zu gi thi aufnahmetest ngy 2-7. e
c th dng zu ny gia hn c ko, hay bt buc phi tm lp no y hc ting lm l do xin gia
hn . em xin cm n nhiu nhiu
8.6 ht hn th cui thng 5 cng phi i gia hn Aufenthalt ri cn g.
Nn vic gi in hay n hi l khng cn thit. Bi l n cui thng 5 khi em i gia hn, nu
ngi ta bt c Zulassung hc ting th mnh i ng k cng cha mun m.
Nhng thng thng th vi Zulassung cho Aufnahmetest cng c. Bi l d Hc ting hay thi
Aufnahmetest th ci thi hn ca n cng khng c di.
K c em khng c 1 trong 2 giy m m em cha c qu 2 nm th em vn c gia hn 3
thng vi ci Fiktionsbescheinigung c m. Vi ci giy ny th n cui thng 8 mi ht hn ng ko.
Lc tha sc em l hc vin SK ( nu ) hoc c th li tham gia kha hc mi.
Em c mt cht thc mc v 1 s vn ny.
1.Em phng vn xong Aps, c kt qu v chun b h s xin Zu. Vo mt s trang ca cc trng
nh FH Koeln, FH Frankfurt u yu cu chng ch B2 hoc Mittelstufe mi c tham gia kha hc DSH
.
Hin ti em cng mi chng ch 500 tit t h Hn. Trong khi nhiu ngi bo rng k cn B2, v sang
vn phi tham gia vo Deutschkurs trong FH thi DSH.
Vy em phi lm th no xin c Zu?uni-assist < y l yu cu qua Uni-assist ca FH Koeln.
2. Trong yu cu ca Uni assist, h yu cu ci ny (Beglaubigte Kopie des
Sekundarschulabschlusszeugnisses und ggf. einer Hochschulaufnahmeprfung und/oder der
Nachweise ber Studienleistungen im Heimatland) -Tc l giy bo nhp hc v i hc?!. Nhng em
hon thnh H vn v mun hc Master, th giy ny cn quan trng khng? V sau 6 nm em
tht lc mt mu giy A5 ny ? Hoc c cch no Uni Assist chp nhn khng ?
Mnh tnh xin Zu FH Koeln, h yu cu vit Motivationsschreiben trnh by l do ti sao chn trng,
iu g thc y bn hon thnh kha hc v kt qu tt.
theo lut mi thi sau khi ra trng bn c 1.5 nm i xin vic, gia hn visa lc ny cn c chng
minh ti chnh (600/thang ) bn tin sng trong thi gian tm vic. Nu sau khong thi gian
m bn khng kim c vic th phi v nc. Cn nu trong khong thi gian m bn kim c
vic , c hp ng di hn ( long term contract, mnh khng bit ting c la g) th visa ca bn s
c gia hn theo hp ng. Nu lng c 35,000/nm (mnh khng nh la gross hay nett), bn
c cp th xanh (visa trong 5 nm). Hnh nh c cp th xanh khong 2-3 ln thi. Khc ny mnh
khng r lm, bn xem th mc Lut trong web ny i
b sung thm, hc xong c th quay v vn v vn c cho php quay li c kim vic nhng ch c
trong 6 thng, vi s tin ti thiu cho 6 thng trong sperrkonto

Cho mi ngi. Mnh c hc bng daad sang c hc h 1 thng nhng mnh mun gia hn thm
2 thng na. Minh lm h s visa bng Annahmeerklrung cua DAAD. Nghe thy gio ni thng ngi
ta ch cho mnh thm c vi tun.
Mnh mail cho DSQ th ngi ta ch bo v coi iu l lm visa m ch gii thch g thm. Mnh th mun
c i du lch & khm ph nn mun xin li t nht 1 thng na.
Vy mnh c cn phi chng minh ti khon VN ko ? hin mnh cng c ngi quen bn c khng
bit l c bo lnh mnh li khi lm visa dc ko ? Cn mt cch khc l mnh tnh xin Zulassung
mt kho hc them ting 2 thng li. Bn no tng bit hoc th nh mnh cho mnh vi chia
s. Cm n rt nhiu !

Chnh xc th bn xin gia hn c max l 1 nm c... (3 thng ra hn c thm 1 ln cho ti khi 1

nm.PS: cn lm ntn c ra hn th... mnh ko bit
Theo mnh c bit th Visum c chia lm 2 loi, langfristig v kurzfristig. Kurz th li c 2 loi l
Schengen v Studienvisum. Schengen li c 2 loi nh hn l Visum fr Reisenden v loi ca bn
(Kultur... Sprache... g g ..ko nh tn.. tha mi au ). Schengen Visum c cp max l 1 nm, sau
bn buc phi quay v nc.
Thng tin thm l ci Studienvisum th max hnh nh l 10 nm. + 2 nm hc Sprachkurs (sau y m
ko c zu vo FH hay Uni na th cng phi v) na.
Cu hi 1:
Cho anh/ch,
Em ang hc h i hc chnh qui ti mt trng H ti TPHCM. Em c c v thng tin du hc c l
iu kin i du hc c l im thi i hc phi t 15, khng c mn no di 4. Nhng im thi
ca
em
li
di
15
im.
Em mun hi, c con ng no khc, em vn c th i du hc c c khng ?
Tr li:
Cho em,
Theo iu kin thng thng, cc sinh vin Vit Nam mun du hc c phi tham gia k thi tuyn sinh
i hc quc gia v t 15 im tr ln, khng mn no di 4; nu u vo mt trng i hc chnh
quy c bn c cng nhn (nhng trng thuc danh sch H+) th c chuyn vo d b i hc
cng nhm ngnh.
Trng hp ca em khi khng t 15 im trong k thi i hc, khng th lm c h s du hc thng
thng. Nhng c mt chng trnh gip em vn c th du hc c c. l chng trnh d b t
do do hc vin Freshman t chc.
Freshman l 1 hc vin trc thuc Fh Aachen . H s bo lnh cho nhng bn hc sinh tt nghip
THPT nhng khng t iu kin ca DAAD nh tng im H di 15, c mn di 4 sang c
du hc theo ting Anh hoc ting c. Sau nm d b i hc v thi , cc em c quyn np n xin
vo tt c cc trng i hc trong bang Nordrhein-Westfalen. ( Cng c kh nng l nhng trng ca
bang khc na nhng iu ny khng chc chn )
Tuy nhin, chi ph cho chng trnh ny kh cao, chi ph khong 16.000 Euro.
Em c th tham kho thm thng tin v chng trnh ny ti y:
http://www.duhocduc.edu.vn/ban-da-biet-chuong-trinh-freshman-duc.html
Cu hi 2:
Cho anh/ch,
Em l sinh vin nm 2 khoa ting Anh, H Ngoi Ng H Ni. Em c nh sau khi tt nghip, s sang
c hc ngnh ti chnh ngn hng, qun tr doanh nghip. Xin hi iu kin l g? Liu em ang hc
nhm ngnh ngn ng, c th du hc c cc nhm ngnh kinh t nh trn c khng?
Tr li:
Cho em,

Theo quy nh ca Anabin (H thng thng tin v vic cng nhn bng cp ca nc ngoi), nu em
tt nghip H m khng vit lun vn tt nghip, em ch c php hc bc H ti c theo nhm
ngnh ngn ng v vn ha.
Nu em vit lun vn tt nghip, em c php hc cao hc theo cng nhm ngnh hoc hc li mt
ngnh H ty . Tuy nhin, cc trng H ca c c quyn t quyt nh trong vic xt tuyn, nn
nu em c chp nhn vo hc th em cng c th xin cp visa.
Cu hi 3:
Ti tt nghip Trng H Ngoi thng thng 6-2011 vi s im 7.15/10, tuy nhin bi lun vn tt
nghip ca ti ch c 5/10 im. Ti cng tc ti mt ngn hng VitNamt lc ra trng. Hin ti d
nh tm c hi i hc cao hc ngnh ti chnh hoc kinh t ti c, hc bng ting Anh.
Vi s im lun vn tt nghip nh vy, ti c gp kh khn khi xin du hc khng? Vic ti i lm
gn 1,5 nm c gip ch cho ti trong tm trng khng? iu kin hc cao hc kinh t/ti chnh
bng ting Anh ti c l g (bng H, trnh ting Anh)? (B..)
Tr li:
im tt nghip ca bn nm vo qung trung bnh trong s cc ng vin, do rt kh tr li bn c
c nhn vo chng trnh cao hc hay khng. iu ty thuc vo ngnh hc v trng H m
bn np h s.
Vic bn i lm 1,5 nm l mt li th ln khi xin hc, c bit l bn c th nu c nhng kinh
nghim thc t khi i lm trong th t gii thiu (letter of motivation) ca bn. Nhiu chng trnh cao
hc i hi bn phi c kinh nghim i lm sau khi tt nghip i hc th mi c nhn vo chng
trnh cao hc.

Cu hi 4:
Cho anh/ ch,
Em hin l sinh vin nm cui ngnh trit hc ti mt trng i hc VitNam. Em mun hi l nu
du hc bn c th c chuyn ngnh Trit hc khng ? Nu c th iu kin c hc l g?
Tr li:
Cho em,
Theo ch, em ang l sinh vin nm cui ri, nn hc nt ti VitNam chc chn nhn c 1 tm
bng trong tay. Sau sang c hc ngnh khc cng khng mun.
Ngnh Trit hc th trng H tng hp no c cng c. Mun c vo hc phi iu kin theo
quy nh im ca tng trng.

i vi cc sinh vin VitNam tt nghip mun sang c du hc, trc tin phi np h s ti b
phn kim tra hc vn (Akademische Prfstelle, vit tt l APS).
APS thm tra cc chng ch hc tp lin quan, v kim tra xem liu sinh vin xin du hc c p ng
c cc iu kin c bn nhp hc H, C ti c hay khng.
Chng ch do APS cp l iu kin xt n cp th thc i hc ting c, hc d b H hoc H, C
ti c.
Cu hi 5:
Cho anh/ch,
Em hin ang l hc sinh lp 11 v c d nh i du hc c trong tng lai. Em mun hi hin nay c
trng H no c o to ngnh kim ton quc t? Mc hc ph nh th no v c hc bng cho
ngnh ny khng?
Tr li:
Cho em,
Hin c c rt nhiu trng i hc o to ngnh kim ton, vd ti Ludwigshafen, Pforzheim.
Hu ht cc chng trnh hc ti y khng thu hc ph. Theo thng tin c bit th hin nay khng c
hc bng bc c nhn ngnh ny cho sinh vin Vit Nam.
Cu hi 6:
Cho anh/ch,
Em ang l sinh vin nm 2 c nhn Anh ca Trng H Ngoi ng H Nng. Sau khi tt nghip,
em c th tm hc bng du hc cao hc c ngnh qun tr khch sn khng? Em cn phi c y
cc iu kin no? Khi c hc bng, em c cn np thm ph g khi ang hc khng, nu c th khong
bao nhiu?
Tr li:
Hin ti ch c hai bang ca c thu hc ph ti cc trng H cng lp l bang Niedersachsen (Lower
Saxony) v bang Bayern (Bavaria) vi mc hc ph ti a l 500 euro/hc k. Cc bang cn li khng
thu hc ph.
Tuy nhin vi ngnh cao hc qun tr khch sn, Chnh ph c cng nh cc qu hc bng cng
khng cp hc bng.
Ti c, nu bn c cp hc bng th s l hc bng ton phn, c ngha l bao gm hc ph nu
c v mt chi ph sinh hot hng thng (hc bng sau H ca DAAD: 750 euro/thng, hc bng tin s
ca DAAD: 1.000 euro/thng).

Cu hi 7:
Cho anh/ch,
Em tt nghip cao ng chuyn ngnh nng nghip . Hin nay em c mong mun sang c du hc
theo din t tc va hc va lm, v gia nh em iu kin cng khng phi qu kh gi. Vy em
mun hi, em cn chun b nhng g?
Tr li:
Cho bn,
Theo quy inh, khi bn tt nghip cao ng ti VitNamth bn iu kin hc i hc ti c
bc c nhn theo khi ngnh m bn hc ti VitNam(nhm ngnh nng lm nghip).
phc v mc ch i du hc ca bn, trc ht bn nn chun b kin thc v ngoi ng : ting anh
hoc ting c ( Ting anh: bng cp quc t, ting c n trnh d B1). Sau bn lm th tc ca
B phn Kim tra Hc vn APS ti SQ c ( c t chc 2 ln/1 nm vo thng 5, thng 11) . Sau khi
c cc chng ch trn, bn c th np h s xin hc n mt trng i hc ca c.
Cu hi 8:
Cho anh/ch,
Thng 7 ny em s tt nghip Trng FPT-Aptech ly bng Higher Diploma in Software Engineering ca
Aptech, trong thi gian ny em s c gng hc thm ting c. Liu em c c xt vo hc d b H
c khng? (laduy12@)
* Em va tt nghip Trng Saigontech l trng lin thng vi H cng ng Houston ca Hoa K h
cao ng, mun hc ln H c. Nhng trng no c chp nhn cho em hc lin thng?
(chinhnguyendang81@)
Tr li:
iu kin hc i hc ti c i vi cc sinh vin cao ng bng college hay diploma s c B
phn kim tra hc vn (APS) ca i s qun c ti H Ni xt trn tng h s ring.

Cu hi 9:
Cho anh/ch,
Anh ch c th cho em bit nhng bang no c hin ti khng thu hc ph c khng ?

Tr li:
Cho em,
Hin ti ch cn 2/16 bang c l thu hc ph . l bang Bayern v bang Niedersachsen, vi mc
thu ti a 500EUR/1 k.
Em c th xem thm thng tin ti link sau: http://www.duhocduc.edu.vn/hoc-phi-tai-cac-truong-dai-hocduc-ban-co-biet.html
Cu hi 10:
Cho anh/ch,
Em mun hi l, bn c c trng no o to ngnh nhip nh khng ? V ngnh ny o to
bng ting anh hay c ?
Tr li:
Cho em,
c, chng trnh o to ny ch dy bng ting c. Em c th tham kho ngnh hc ny ti mt
s trng sau: i hc ng dng chuyn ngnh (Fachhochschule)Dortmund, i hc ng dng chuyn
ngnh (Hochschule fr Angewandte Wissenschaften)Hamburg, H Mnchen, i hc Ngh thut
(Kunsthochschule) Burg Giebichenstein,.
Ad ly v d trng FH Mittweida. Ni chung cc trng khc cng tng t vy thi m. C bn l vy,
cn nguyn tc l tha cn hn thiu. Cng nhiu cng tt. M c thiu th h s gi Email yu cu
mnh b xung.
H s nhp hc cn (phi) c khi xin hc:
- Mt bn in Onlinebewerbung ( thng download trn trang ch ca trng ) hoc n xin nhp hc
(Antrag auf Einschreibung)
- Mt bn coppy ( cng chng) tiu chun u vo ca trng
- S yu l lch (Lebenslauf)
- nh h s (c ghi tn mt sau)
- Mt phong b c ghi sn a ch ca mnh trng gi li kt qu
Cho mt s chuyn ngnh sau th yu cu thm:
- i vi c nhn ngnh Medienmanagement/ Medientechnik Erfassungsbogen
Yu cu thm mt bn coppy v kinh nghim lm vic trc ( bng cp, nh gi nhn xt ca n
v .... )

Thc tp
- i vi c nhn ngnh Soziale Arbeit (Direktstudium)
Chng nhn 3 nm kinh nghim vic lm trong lnh vc Sozial v khng phi lm vic trong thi gian
hc ( giy ny xin ca ch lao ng)
- i vi Master ngnh Soziale Arbeit (Vollzeit/Teilzeit)
Yu cu bng tt nghip ( cng chng) ca Bachelor cng nh l giy chng nhn tt nghip
Bng im
- i vi sinh vin mun chuyn trng trong hc k u hoc nhng k hc sau:
Tng quan v cc k hc t trc n hin ti v kt qu cc k thi vi bng im cp nht nht
- Giy chng nhn ri trng c
- n xin chuyn trng
Nu xin chuyn ngnh th yu cu bn vit thm mt bn l do ti sao mun chuyn sang ngnh hc
th hai ny.
Tham kho thm ti.
https://www.studium.hs-mittweida.de/bewerbung/bewerbungsunterlagen.html
Hoc nhng h s np cho TU Clausthal l:
Checkliste Bewerbungsunterlagen
Folgende Unterlagen mssen eingereicht werden:
Ausgefllten Antrag auf Zulassung zum Studium
Amtlich beglaubigte Kopie des Reifezeugnisses mit Notenliste sowie amtlich beglaubigte bersetzung
auf Deutsch, Englisch oder Franzsisch
Amtlich beglaubigte Kopien von Zeugnissen ber abgelegte Hochschulprfungen mit Fcher- und
Notenliste sowie amtlich beglaubigte bersetzungen auf Deutsch, Englisch oder Franzsisch
Nachweis ber deutsche Sprachkenntnisse(oder Anmeldung zu einem Deutschkurs an der TU
Clausthal)
1 Passbild
berweisungsbeleg ber die Zahlung des Bearbeitungsentgelds
Fr folgende Bewerbergruppen gelten Sonderregelungen:

Kamerunische Studienbewerber/- innen bentigen eine Originalbeglaubigung durch die Deutsche

Botschaft sowie das Zertifikat Deutsch (ZD)
Studienbewerber/- innen aus Marokko bentigen das Zertifikat Deutsch (ZD) fr die Bewerbung
Studienbewerber/- innen aus China, Vietnam und der Mongolei mssen das Zertifikat der
Akademischen Prfstelle (APS) vorlegen
http://www.izc.tu-clausthal.de/wege-an-die-tu-clausthal/vollzeitstudium