NC, CNC, DNC, Adaptive

control

Perkembangan NC sesuai
perkembangan komputer
Saat ditemukan NC, komputer menggunakan
vacum tube
Vacum tubetransistorICVLSI (cip-slot)
Computer masih mahal, jadi dipakai komputer
yang besar mengontrol beberapa mesin disebut
DNC, jadi penggunaan puch-card bisa
ditinggalkan 1968.
1970 CNC komersiil telah dijual secara massal.
Ukuran komputer semakin kecil, ukuran mesin
semakin kecil dng kecepatan tinggi dan harga
murah.

Computer control in NC
The evolution of numerical control technology
has been closely related to and dependent on
the development of computer technology
As a practical matter, it would not be possible
to carry out the part programming function for
many part design without computer-assisted
part programming.
NC-related control topics:
1 Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
2 Direct Numerical Control (DNC)
3 Adaptive control.

 Computer NC involves the replacement of the conventional

hard-wired NC controller unit by small computer (minicomputer
or microcomputer)
One of the distinguishing features of CNC is that one computer
is used to control one machine tool.
Direct numerical control involves the use of a larger computer to
control a number of separate NC machine tools.
Adaptive control, does not require a digital computer for implementation, denotes a
control system that measures one or more process variables
(such as cutting force, temperature, horse-power, etc) and
manipulates feed and/or speed in order to compensate for
undesirable changes in the process variables. Its objective is to
optimize the machining process, something that NC alone is
unable to accomplish. Many of the initial adaptive control
projects relied on analog controls rather than digital computers.
Today, these systems employ microprocessor technology to
implement the adaptive control strategy.
Problem related to the use of conventional numerical control
which have influenced the changeover to computer control.

Problems with conventional

NC

1. part programming mistakes

2. non optimal speeds and feeds.
3. punched tape
4. Tape reader
5. controller
6 Management
Much of this improvement has been
provided by advances in electronics.

Konfigurasi mesin CNC

Tape
reader for
initial
program
entry

Mini computer or Micro

computer (software
functions and NC part
program storage)

Computer
hardware
interface
and
servosyste
m

Fungsi-fungsi CNC
1. Machine tool control
1. Hybrid CNC
2. Straight CNC

2. In-process compensation
3. Improve programming and
operating features.
4. diagnostics

Hybrid CNC

Tape
reader

Motion
interpolator
s and
servosystem
Minicomputer or
(soft-wired)
microcomputer (soft wired)
Interface
logic (hard
wired)

Motion
feedback

Straight CNC
Motion
feedbac
k

Tape
reader

Mini computer or Micro

computer (soft-wired)

Servos
and
interface
logic
(hardwired)

In Process Compensation
Adjustments for errors sense by in-process
inspection probes and gauges
Recomputation of axis positions when an
inspection probe is used to locate a datum
reference on a workpart
Offset adjustments for tool radius and length
Adaptive control adjustments to speed and/or
feed.
Computation of predicted tool life and
selection of alternative tooling when indicated

Improved Programming and

Operating Features
Editing of part programs at the machine. This
permits correction or optimization of the program.
Graphic display of the tool path to verify the tape
Various types of interpolation: circular, parabolic,
and cubic interpolation
Support of both U.S. customary units and metric
units (International system)
Use of specially written subroutines
Manual data input (MDI)
Local storage of more than one part program.

Advantages of CNC compare

to NC
1. The part program tape and tape
reader are used only once to enter
the program into computer memory.
--- improve reliability.
2. Tape editing at the machine site
3. Metric conversion
4. Greater flexibility
5. User-written programs
6. Total manufacturing system

Direct Numerical Control

Direct numerical control can be
defined as a manufacturing system
in which a number of machines are
controlled by a computer through
direct connection and in real time.
Component a DNC system:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Central computer
Bulk Memory, which stores the NC part programs
Telecommunication lines
Machine tools

General configuration of DNC

system
Central
computer

Bulk memory NC
programs

Telecommunication lines

Machine tool

DNC with satellite minicomputer

Central
computer

Satellite
minicomputer

memory
buffer

Satellite memory
minicomputerbuffer

Bulk memory NC
programs

Satellite
minicompu
ter

memory
buffer

Satellite
minicomputer

memor
y buffer