TUGAS PRAKTIKUM PROPULSI

PERENCANAAN PROPELLER
KAPAL
MT HIKMAWAN

Perhitungan Perancangan Propeller Menggunakan Dasar

Princhipal Naval Architechture II
I. UKURAN UTAMA DAN BESARAN
LWL =
LP P =
B=
H=
T=
v service =
v trial =
d=
j=
Cm =
Cw =
D=
LCB =

Fn =

=
r=

93.13
91.3
15.1
7.2
6.9
12.20
13.42
0.69
0.7
0.980
0.82

m {=L ; PNA II, p.91}

m
m
m
m
kn =
6.28 m/s
kn =
6.90 m/s
{block coefficient, Cb }
{prismatic coefficient, Cp }
{midship coefficient}
{waterplane coefficient}

6754.66 ton =

6589.912 m3

0.71 m
{data-data: TR II Kurva Hidrostatik & Bonjean}

vt
g LWL

6.90
9.81 54
.59
27.03

0.228
1025 kg/m3

Referensi:
Harvald, Resistance and Propulsion of Ships , John Wiley and Sons, NY, 1985.
Lewis, Edward V., Principles of Naval Architecture Volume II: Resistance, Propulsion, and
Vibration, The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, NJ, 1988.
Van Lammeren, W.P.A., Troost, L., Koning, J.G., Resistance, Propulsion, and Steering of Ships:
A Manual for Designing Hull Forms, Propellers, and Rudders , The Technical Publishing
Company H. Stam-Haarlem, 1948
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TUGAS PRAKTIKUM PROPULSI

PERENCANAAN PROPELLER
KAPAL
MT HIKMAWAN
II. PERHITUNGAN DAYA MESIN INDUK
Untuk perhitungan daya mesin induk digunakan metode Holtrop.
Referensi:
Lewis, Edward V., Principles of Naval Architecture, Volume II
Resistance, Propulsion, and Vibration, The Society of Naval
Architects and Marine Engineers, NJ, 1988.

A. Perhitungan (Rw / W)
Fn =

0.228 {lihat: I.Ukuran Utama dan Besaran}

Untuk Fn 0.4 maka:

A.1 Koefisien: C1
C1 = 2,223,105 x C4 3.7861 x (T/B)1.0796 x (90 - iE )-1.3757
(PNA II, p. 92)
B/L = 15.1/93.13
=
0.162
Untuk B/L 0,11 < B/L < 0,25 maka C4= (B/L)
C4 =

0.162

iE = (sudut masuk garis air muatan penuh) dalam derajat

=

19

{data: TR I Rencana Garis; sudut masuk = 20o }

Maka:
3.7861
x (6.9/15.1)1.0796 x (90 - 10)-1.3757
C1 = 2,223,105 x (0.152)

2.764

A.2 Koefisien: C2
C2 = koefisien pengaruh bulbous bow
=
1.000 {untuk kapal tanpa bulbous bow }
A.3 Koefisien: C3
C3 = koefisien pengaruh bentuk transom stern terhadap tahanan gelombang.
= 1 - 0.8 x A T / (BxTxCm)

AT =

{PNA II, p. 93}

2
1.860 m {area of transom ; data: TR I Rencana Garis}

= 1 - 0.8 x 1,860/ (15.1x6.9x0.98)

=

0.985

A.4 Parameter: d
d=

-0.9 {tetapan untuk Fn 0.4}

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TUGAS PRAKTIKUM PROPULSI

PERENCANAAN PROPELLER
KAPAL
MT HIKMAWAN
A.5 Koefisien: m1
m1 = 0.01404 L/T - 1.7525 V 1/3 /L - 4.7932 B/L - C5
C5 = 8.0798 Cp - 6589.66 Cp 2 + 6.9844 Cp 3
2
= 8.0798 x 0.7 - 6589.66 x 0.73 + 6.9844 x 0.7
=
1.257

{untuk Cp 0.8}
2

lanjutan: A.5 Koefisien: m1

Maka:
1/3
m1 = {0.01404 x 93.13/6.9} - {1.7525 (6589.66) /93.13} - {4.7932 x 15.10/93.13} -1.225
=
-2.197

A.6 Koefisien: m2
-3.29

m 2 = C6 0.4 e - 0.084 Fn

3
L3 /V = 93.13 /6589.66

=
C6 =

122.571
-1.694 {untuk L3 /V 512}

Maka:

m 2 = - 1 .694 0 .4 e
=

- 0 .084 0 .273 - 3 .29

-1.354E-05

A.7 Koefisien: l
L/B = 96.19/14.6
=
6.168
l = 1.446Cp - 0.03 L/B

{untuk L/B 12}

= 1.466 x 0.7 - 0.03 x93.13/15.10

=
0.841

Maka nilai Rw / W adalah sbb.:

W = rgV x 10-3 kN {PNA II, p. 64-65}
-3
= 1025 x 9.81 x 1518.69 x 10

{r air laut = 1025 kg/m3 ; g =9.81 kg.m/s 2 }

= 66,263.21 kN
d
Rw
= C1C2C3 e m1 Fn + m2 cos (lFn - 2 )
W

6.900E-04

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TUGAS PRAKTIKUM PROPULSI

PERENCANAAN PROPELLER
KAPAL
MT HIKMAWAN

B. Perhitungan (1 + k)
B.1 Koefisien: (1+k 1 )
1+k 1 = 0.93 + 0.4871c (B/L)1.0681 (T/L)0.4611 (L/LR )0.1216 (L3 /V)0.3649 (1-Cp)-0.6042
{PNA II, p. 91}
c = koefisien bentuk afterbody
= 1 + 0.011cstern
cstern =
0 (untuk bentuk potongan stern normal)
Maka:
c=

1.000

lanjutan: B.1 Koefisien: (1+k 1 )

LR / L = 1 - Cp + 0.06Cp x LCB / (4Cp-1)
= 1 - 0.7 + 0.06 x 0.7 x (0.71) / (4 x 0.7 -1)
=
0.317
Maka :
1.0681
(6.9/93.13)0.4611 (1/0.299)0.1216 (133.470)0.3649 (1-0.7)-0.6042
1+k 1 = 0.93+0.4871x1x(15.10/93.13)

1.070

B.2 Koefisien: (1+k 2 )

Koefisien ini merupakan koefisien akibat pengaruh tonjolan pada lambung kapal di bawah permukaan
garis air.
1+k 2 =

1.500 {PNA II, Table 25 p. 92; for rudder of single screw ship only}

Maka nilai (1+k) :

1+k = (1 + k1 ) + [(1 + k2 ) - (1 + k1 )] x Stonjolan / Stotal
{PNA II, p.92}
Stonjolan =
S=

2
11.02 m {data: TR IV Rencana Umum; Bab II, luasan daun kemudi}

5521

m2 {data: TR II Kurva Hidrostatik & Bonjean; Tabel H}

Stotal = S + Stonjolan
= 5678 + 11.057
=

2
5532.024 m

1+k = (1.073) + [ (1.5) - (1.073) ] x 11.06 / 5689.057

=

1.071

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TUGAS PRAKTIKUM PROPULSI

PERENCANAAN PROPELLER
KAPAL
MT HIKMAWAN
C. Perhitungan Tahanan Gesek, CF
Untuk nilai tahanan gesek ini, diambil dari perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode Harvald.
CF =

1.824E-03 {TR IV Rencana Umum; II.1.a Perhitungan Tahanan Gesek;

Harvald(1985), eq. [5.5.7]}

D. Perhitungan model-ship allowance coefficient, CA

T/ LWL = 6.90 / 93.13
=
0.074
CA = 0.006 (LWL + 100)-0.16 - 0.00205

{untuk T/LWL 0.04; PNA II, p.93}

-0.16
- 0.00205
= 0.006 (93.13 + 100)
= 5.347E-04

E. Tahanan Total, RT
R
R T = 1 rV 2 Stot [C F (1 + k ) + C A ] + W W
2
W

3.361E+05 N

F. Effective Horse Power, EHP

EHP = RTV

{PNA II, p.153; Harvald(1985), eq. [9.6.3]}

= RT x v trial
= 3.205 x 104 x 6.9
=
2320211.44 Watt
=
3154.609 HP

{ 1 HP (metric ) = 735.499 Watt }

Sesuai dengan rute pelayaran, EHP ditambah

EHP = 2909.822 x 1.2
=
3785.530 HP

20%

{TR IV R.U., rute Surabaya~Makasar}

G. Shaft Horse Power, SHP

{Harvald(1985), eq. [9.6.15]}
EHP
SHP =

hT

0.927864
hT = total efficiency
= hH . hB . hS
hH = efisiensi badan kapal
=

1.13

{Harvald (1985), Gbr. 6.4.26; data TR IV Rencana Umum}

hB = efisiensi baling-baling di belakang kapal

=

0.927

{Harvald (1985), Gbr. 6.3.11; data TR IV Rencana Umum}

hS = efisiensi poros
=

0.700

{Harvald (1985); data TR IV Rencana Umum}

Maka:
hT = 1.2116 x 0.75 x 0.97

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TUGAS PRAKTIKUM PROPULSI

PERENCANAAN PROPELLER
KAPAL
MT HIKMAWAN
=

SHP =
=

0.733

425.876
0.881

3785.530

5162.624 HP
590529.529

H. Breake Horse Power (BHP)

Kerugian daya untuk posisi mesin di belakang =

3%

{PNA II, p. 202}

BHP = SHP x 1,03

=

5317.503 HP

5747.7

608245.415 (watt)
I. Pemilihan Mesin Utama

242955.609

Mesin utama yang digunakan adalah:

Tipe :

CaterpillarMPE
3512
3612

Kecepatan :
Daya :

1000 rpm
5444 HP

III. PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PROPELER, Bp-d DIAGRAM

Koefisien propeler Taylor:

Bp =

d =

n ( PD )0.5

(Va )2.5

{PNA II, p.191}

nD
Va
n = revolution per minute (rpm) of propeller
PD = delivered power at propeller
= daya mesin induk
=
5440 HP
Va = speed of advance
D = diameter propeler
=
4.14 m {data TR I Rencana Garis; D 0.6 x T}

A. Perhitungan Va
Va = V ( 1 - w)

w = 0.10 + 4.5

{PNA II, p.146}

CvpC p B L

1 E

(7 - 6Cvp)(2.8 -1.8C p ) + 2 T - B - k' K

{PNA II, p.159 eq. 46}

Cvp = vertical prismatic coefficient

= Cb / Cw
= 0.69 / 0.82
=
0.841

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TUGAS PRAKTIKUM PROPULSI

PERENCANAAN PROPELLER
KAPAL
MT HIKMAWAN
Cp =
=
B=
=
L=
=
T=
=
E=

prismatic coefficient
0.7
ship's breadth
15.1 m
ship's length
93.13 m {LWL }
ship's draft
6.9 m
tinggi poros propeler dari baseline

=
2.586 m {data TR I Rencana Garis; E 0.4 x T}
K = the rake angle of propeller blades, radians
=
10 o {dirancang sendiri}
=
0.175 rad
k' = koefisien
=
0.3 {bentuk stern normal}

0.267

Maka :
Va = Vt ( 1 - w)
= 6.68( 1 - 0.280 )
=
5.059 m/s
=
9.834 knots

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