Greenergy Power (I) PVT LTD: Project of 5 Mega Watt by Crystalline Technology in Kadiri, Ananthpur Dist. Andhrapradesh

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GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD
TEE-185DPR
5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

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GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT Ltd

Project of 5 Mega Watt
By Crystalline Technology
In
Kadiri, ananthpur dist.
andhrapradesh
Owned bysahil energy

hyderabad
India.
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SECTION NO.
PPD BY:
PSS
CHKD BY:
VJS
DESCRIPTION
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APPD BY:
UKS
PAGE NO.
A.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
B.
PROJECT AT A GLANCE
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
GENERATION
OF ELECTRICITY & IMPORTANCE OF
RENEWABALE ENERGY
SOURCES OF GREENHOUSE GASES
GREEN HOUSE GAS CONCENTRATION TRENDS

ATMOSPHERIC
LIFETIME
&
GLOBAL
WARMING
POTENTIAL (GWP) FOR SOME GREEN HOUSE GASES
WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
BARRIERS IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT
BENEFITS OF GRID CONNECT SOLAR ENERGY
CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY
SECTION 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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INTRODUCTION
BRIEF DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA
LOCATION MAP OF JALGAON IN MAHARASHTRA
SITE METEROLOGICAL DATA
SECTION 3
DEMAND ANALYSIS
PROJECT
AND
JUSTIFICATION
OF
THE
INTRODUCTION
SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL IN INDIA
SOLAR RADIATION OF INDIA
SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN MAHARASHTRA
THE CURRENT POWER SCENARIO OF MAHARASHTRA
POWER SUPPLY POSITION IN THE STATE
NEED FOR THE PROJECT
SECTION 4
TECHNICAL FEATURES & EQUIPMENT OF THE PLANT

BASIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
OPERATION PHILOSOPHY
POWER GENERATION SCHEME
DESCRIPTION OF MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT
DESCRIPTION OF POWER EVACUATION SYSTEM AND
INTERFACING WITH GRID
SECTION 5
POWER PLANT CONFIGURATION AND SPECIFICATIONS

OF MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT
SELECTION OF UNITS
SPECIFICATIONS OF MAIN PLANT
SECTION 6
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHIOLOSOPHY
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
SECTION 7
SWOT ANALYSIS
SECTION 8
PLANT LAYOUT & CIVIL ENGINEERING ASPECTS

INTRODUCTION
PLANT LAYOUT
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MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT LAYOUT

STRUCTURAL WORKS
SECTION 9
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION CONCEPT
PROJECT SCHEDULE
SECTION 10
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST

BASIS OF COST ESTIMATION
ESTIMATED COST OF PROJECT
SECTION 11
ESTIMATED POWER GENERATION COST

COST OF POWER GENERATION
ESTIMATED COST OF POWER GENERATION
SECTION 12
ENCLOSURES
ANNEXURE
ANNEXURE 1
THE PROMOTIONAL POLICIES OF MNRE FOR SOLAR

POWER GENERATION
ANNEXURE 2
PROJECT SCHEDULE
DRAWINGS
TEE-167-GA-101
PLOT PLAN
TEE-167-GA-102
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT: CONTROL ROOM
TEE-167-GA-501
KEY SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM / P0
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Electricity Act, 2003, paves way for an innovative approach to solve our
countrys power problems. It has paved the way for a competitive environment;
open access to existing transmission and distribution network to transmit electricity
across regions; de-licensing of generation, captive power and dedicative
transmission lines; licensing of distribution and supply companies and the
restructuring of State Electricity Boards
The Ministry of Power have a mandate to promote cogeneration and renewable
sources for Power generation under Nodal agencies and hence it will play a major
role in mainstreaming renewable energy sector.
The advantage or renewable
resources includes their capacity to produce energy without producing carbonbased warming and polluting agents into the atmosphere. The financial cost of its
applications is not always cheap but if the environmental costs of using fossil are
accounted for, renewable energy wins hands-down. There are also indirect savings
on health and its costs as there are no harmful emissions.
In the above backdrop, Sahil Energy Pvt. Ltd., has decided to set up a 5MW Solar
Power Plant. This Detailed Project Report (DPR) brings out all technical details and
overall costs justifying the selection of the project. The total power generation is
envisaged to be 5MW from Solar Photovoltaic Cell. It is a very important document
that is required for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies, fixation of tariff,
finalizing Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and also for submission to Financial
Institutions for obtaining project funding. The total project cost is expected to be
Rs85 Crores and the average cost of generation is expected to be Rs.12.86 /kWh.
(B)
PROJECT AT A GLANCE
1.0
GENERAL
1.1
The Project
5MW Solar PV Grid Connected Power

Project
1.2
Owner
SAHIL ENERGY
1.3
Location of Plant
ANANTAPUR DIST.
1.4
Location
Kadiri
1.5
Distance from District Headquarter
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1.6
Access by Road
Chennai Mumbai National highway
1.7
Access by Rail
Kadiri Railway station
1.8
Access by Air
Satya Sai Airport Anantpura
1.9
Telecommunications
Telecommunication facility available
1.10
Land
It is proposed to install 5MW on the land,

admeasuring about Acre, which is
already demarcated
1.11
Land Characteristics
Barren Land
Non Agricultural Land
1.12
The Geographical location of the

project site
13'-40' and 15'-15' Northern Latitude and 76'-50'

and 78'-30' Eastern Longitude
1.13
Irradiation details considered
Kadiri, Anantpur(Dist.)
1.14
Type of Module Mounting Structure
Fixed Structures, Earth Mounted
1.15
Type of PV Modules Considered for Crystalline

the offer
1.16
Proposed Capacity
5 MWp
1.17
Capacity of each PV Module
200 Wp
1.18
Invertors Capacity
100 KVA x 50 Nos.
1.19
Projected Energy Production per year
8.3 MU(Assured)
1.20
Total Project Cost
Rs 80. CR
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INTRODUCTION
World Economic growth is driven by energy, whether in the form of finite resources
such as coal, oil and gas or in renewable forms such as hydroelectric, wind, solar
and biomass or its converted form.
This energy generation and consumption
strengthens the nations industries, vehicles, homes and offices.
It also has
significant impact on the quality of the countrys air, water, land and forest
resources. For future growth to be both rapid and sustainable, it needs to be as
resource efficient and environmentally benign as possible.
2.0
GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY & IMPORTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

The growth in installed power generating capacity has not kept pace with the
projected demand. To solve this problem, it is necessary to set up more power
plants and most of these power plants will be either fossil fuel based or hydro
electric units. However, the conventional power stations cause enormous damage
to be environment due to pollution and other side effects.
Renewable energy sources energy source are wonderful options because they are
limitless. These will not be exhausted though fossil fuel will be gradually exhausted
in course of time. Also another great benefit from using renewable energy is that
most of these sources do not pollute the environment; the way burning of fossil fuels
dose.
3.0
SOURCE OF GREENHOUSE GAS

The greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) come primarily from the combustion of fossil
fuels in energy use. Energy use is largely driven by economic growth with shortterm fluctuations in its growth rate created by weather patterns affecting heating and
cooling needs, as well as changes in the fuel used in electricity generation.
The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tones of Carbon Dioxide per
year, but it is estimated that natural processes can only absorb about half of that
amount, so there is a net increase of 10.65 billion tones of atmospheric carbon
dioxide per year. Carbon dioxide is one of the GHG that enhances radioactive
forcing and contributes to global warming, causing the average surface temperature
of the earth to rise. Environment scientists predict that this will cause major adverse
effects, including reduced biodiversity.
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The electricity sector is unique among industrial sectors in its very large contribution
to emissions associated with nearly all air issues. Electricity generation produces a
large share of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide emissions, which contribute to
smog and acid rain and the formation of fine particulate matter in addition to carbon
dioxide. In addition, this sector has significant impacts on water and habitat and
species. In particular, hydro dams and transmission lines have significant effects on
water and biodiversity
4.0
GREEN HOUSE GAS CONCENTRATION TRENDS

The atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased by 31% since 1750 and
continues to increase, on average, by 1.5 ppm or 0.4% per year. About 80% of the
anthropogenic emissions of CO2 during the past 20 years is due to fossil fuel
burning and cement production. The rest is due to deforestation. The atmospheric
concentrations of CH4 and N2O have increased by 151% and 17%, respectively,
since 1750. The table given below shows the 20th Century changes in the Earths
atmosphere system for selected GHGs.
TABLE ATMOSPHERE COCENTRATION OF GHGs IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Atmospheric
Indicator
Pre-Industrial
Concentration
(1000 1750)
Concentration in
year 2000
CO2
280 ppb
368 ppb
Increase in
Concentration
Level in
Percentage
31 4%
CH4
700
1750
151 25%
N2O
270
316
17 5%
Tropospheric O3
Increases by 35 15% from 1750, varies with region
HFCs, PFCs, SF6
Increased globally over last 50 years
5.0
ATMOSPERIC LIFETIME & GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP) FOR SOME

GREEN HOUSE GASES
5.1
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

CO2 It has a variable atmospheric lifetime, and cannot be specified precisely.
Recent studies indicate that recovery from a large input of atmospheric CO 2 from
burning fossil fuels will result in an effective lifetime of tens of thousands of years.
Carbon dioxide to have a GWP of 1 over all time periods.
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METHANE (CH4)
Methane has an atmospheric lifetime of 12+3 years and a GWP of 62 over 20 years,
23 over 100 years and 7 over 500 years. The decrease in GWP at longer timer is
because methane is degraded to water and CO 2 by chemical reactions in the
atmosphere.
5.3
NITROUS OXIDE (NOX)

Nitrous Oxide has an atmospheric lifetime of 120 years and a GWP of 296 over 100
years
5.4
CFC 12
CFC 12 has an atmospheric lifetime of 100 years and a GWP of 106000 over 100
years
5.5
HCFC 22
HFFC 22 has an atmospheric lifetime of 121 years and a GWP of 1700 over 100
years
5.6
TETRAFLUOROMETHANE
Tetrafluoromethane has an atmospheric lifetime of 50,000 years and a GWP of 5700
over 100 years
5.7
SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6)

SF6 has an atmospheric lifetime of 3,200 years and a GWP of 22000 over 100
years
6.0
WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO

It was estimated that in 2005, 86% of primary energy production in the world came
from burning fossil fuels, with the remaining non-fossil sources being hydroelectric
6.3%, nuclear 6.0%, and renewable energy sources, i.e. geothermal, solar, wind,
biomass and wastes contributed only 0.9%.
7.0
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Large multi-megawatt PV plants, approximately to 50 MW, are now in operation in
the world.
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is known to be an important energy source for developing
countries like India. Its importance is now being reaffirmed even by developed
countries in view of its renewable and environment friendly character. In our country
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also, optimum utilization of solar energy could not only lead to savings in
conventional energy but also result in many indirect benefits. In India 2MW solar PV
now are commercially operated by independent power producer. But till now solar
technology is expensive compared to other technology and significant financial
assistance from government is needed to the developers and operators of new
plants.
In view of this, the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources has been
promoting electricity generation from Solar PV in Mega-Watt level. These projects
are covered under the Grid Interactive Solar PV Power Generation Projects of
Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources, Govt. of India. The Ministry initiated
the programme to establish as a viable and environment friendly electricity
generation option.
8.0
BARRIERS IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT

The project has been identified with some barriers as mentioned below:
(a)
Higher capital cost The initial capital investment of the project is so high
compared to other conventional power Project, so per MW cost is high.
(b)
Low Capacity Utilization factor the total unit generation is low compared to
other electricity generation system, because maximum of 6 hours in a day
plant gets the solar light and generates the power.
The project being first of its kind in the state, thee could be more risks and barriers
which might surface as the project progresses and it is difficult to enumerate all at
this stage.
9.0
BENEFITS OF GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PV POWER PLANT

(a)
Power from the sun is clean, silent, limitless and free
(b)
Photovoltaic process releases no CO2, SO2 or NO2 gases which are normally
associated with burning finite fossil fuel reserves and dont contribute to global
warming.
(c)
Photovoltaics are now a proven technology which is inherently safe as

opposed to other fossil fuel based electricity generating technologies.
(d)
No fuel is required for generation, so fuel cost of power generation is zero.
(e)
Solar power shall augment the needs of peak power needs
(f)
Increase the grid reliability i.e., voltage and frequency
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Solar Powered Grid Connect Plants can act as tail end energizers, which in
turn reduces the transmission and distribution losses.
(h)
Provides a potential revenue source in a diverse energy portfolio
(i)
Assists in meeting renewable portfolio standards goals
(j)
Generation of electricity from Solar PV is totally free of Green House Gas

emission.
10.0
CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY
Proposed power plant converts sunlight directly into electrical energy by Solar PV
Module. It produces DC current.
There are two types of solar power plants, mainly
(a)
Stand alone
(b)
Grid Connected
In Grid Connected type power plant, Modules supplies DC current to inverter. Then
DC is converted to low voltage AC current. AC power is stepped up by 415 / 11 kV
step up transformer & fed to the grid.
Now a days there are two types of solar cells available in market
(a)
(b)
(c)
Amorphous type
Crystalline type
Thin Film (CIGS/CdTe) type
The efficiency of amorphous is less than crystalline. So, more area is needed to set
up same capacity solar plant with amorphous type cells.
Polycrystalline solar cells are used in proposed solar power plant.
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INTRODUCTION
The proposed 5MWp solar power plant project will generate electricity from nonconventional sources. The project will use polycrystalline technology for the first
time in the state for producing power by solar energy.
This project envisages
generation of safe, reliable electricity in an environmentally friendly way.

2.0
BRIEF DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA

Kadiri is a taluka under Anantpura District situate in Andhrapradesh Proposed
Solar Power Plant is situated in Kadari
Land area of power plant

2.1
2.2
20Acres
Geographical coordinates of power plant site:

(a)
Latitude
13'-40' and 15'-15' Northern Latitude
(b)
Longitude
76'-50' and 78'-30' Eastern Longitude
Land Characteristics
Barren Land
Non Agricultural Land
Open land & has no shadow
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SITE METEROLOGICAL DATA
Area
19130 sq. kms.
Latitude
13-40' and 15-15' N
Longitude
76-50' and 78-30' E
Temperature
Max.: 29.1C; Min: 17.2C
Average Rainfall 520.4 mm
Population
3639304 (2001 census)
Population Density 190.2 per sq. kms.
Literacy Rate
56.69%
How to Reach
By Air : Anantapur is 354 Km from Hyderabad and 213 Km away from Bangolore Airport.
By Rail : Anantapur railway station is 354 Km from Hyderabad, 288 Km from Tirupati and
213 Km from Bangalore. Several express and local trains are available to/from Anantapur.
By Road : It is 354 kms from Hyderabad, 213 kms from Bangalore. It is connected with most
important cities of the state and also with neighboring states.
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SECTION - 3
DEMAND ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
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INTRODUCTION
It is well know fact that electricity is the most essential input for growth and
development of any state. Andhra pradesh is planning to go rapidly in both the
industrial and agricultural sectors and consequently the demand for power is on the
rise. However, despite Andhrapradesh possessing immense potential of power
ranging from Coal to natural gas not taken place on a scale commensurate with the
possibilities. As a result there exists a big gap between conventional and Nonconventional power generation for power in the State.
2.0
SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL IN INDIA

India is endowed with rich solar energy resource. The average intensity of solar
radiation received in India is 200 MW/km square (megawatt per kilometer square),
but the amount of solar energy produced in India is merely 0.5% compared to other
energy resources till date
India just have 2.12 megawatts of grid-connect solar generation capacity. As part of
the National Solar Mission, the ministry aims to booster the annual photovoltaic
production to at least 1,000 megawatts a year by 2017. With an installed capacity of
123 GW, the country currently faces energy shortage of 8 percent and a peak
demand shortage of 11.6 percent, In order to sustain a growth rate of 8 percent, it is
estimated that the power generation capacity in India would have to increase to 306
GW in the next ten years which is 2.5 times current levels.
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SOLAR RADIATION MAP OF INDIA
KADIRI ANANTPURA SOLAR RADIATION DATA
LOCATION
13-40' and 15-15' N LATTITUDE
76-50' and 78-30' E LONGITUDE
ANNUAL SOLAR RADIATION

5.6 KWh/SQ.M
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SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN MAHARASHTRA

Solar power plants are a necessity at places in Andhra Pradesh for providing
electricity to improve the standard of living of the people. Financial constraints in
the public sector and non-remunerative characteristics of economics act as
disincentives to private entrepreneurs.
Till now, no grid connected solar power plant is being setup in AP though some of
projects are already sanctioned. Nodal agency of Energy, NEDCAP has already
announced tariff policies for solar energy as per MNRE rules
The proposed plant may be the first kind of Solar Power Plant in state that
supplies the solar electricity to the grid
4.1
Promotion Policies of MNRE

The promotional policies of MNRE for solar power generation are enclosed in
annexure-1
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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Normally grid connected power plants generate electricity by burning fossil fuel,
which results in GHG emissions and other associated emissions like Sox and
NOx. The proposed power plant project activity aims at reducing these GHG
emissions in addition to power generation by installing a 1.0 MW Solar power
generation plant, to supply power to the Grid
(a)
Baseline information
Current data from Central Electricity Authority (CEA) for determination
of combined margin for the regional grids are furnished below:
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY: CO2 BASELINE DATABASE

VERSION
3.0
DATE
15/12/2007
BASELINE
METHODOLOGY
ACM 002 /
Ver 07
EMISSION FACTORS
WEIGHTED AVERAGE EMISSION RATE ( TCO2 / MWH ) (EXCL. IMPORTS)
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
North
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.72
East
1.09
1.06
1.11
1.10
1.08
1.08
1.03
South
0.73
0.75
0.82
0.84
0.78
0.74
0.72
West
0.90
0.92
0.90
0.90
0.92
0.87
0.85
North-East
0.42
0.41
0.40
0.43
0.32
0.33
0.39
India
0.82
0.83
0.85
0.85
0.84
0.82
0.80
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SIMPLE OPERATING MARGIN ( TCO2 / MWh )

2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
North
0.98
0.98
1.00
0.99
0.97
0.99
0.99
East
1.22
1.22
1.20
1.23
1.2
1.16
1.13
South
1.02
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.00
West
0.98
1.01
0.98
0.99
1.01
0.99
0.99
North-East
0.74
0.71
0.74
0.74
0.71
0.70
0.69
India
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.03
1.03
1.02
1.01
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
North
0.53
0.60
0.63
East
0.90
0.97
0.93
South
0.70
0.71
0.71
West
0.77
0.63
0.59
North-East
0.15
0.15
0.23
India
0.69
0.68
0.68
BUILD MARGIN ( TCO2 / MWh ) (Excl. Imports)

2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
COMBINED MARGIN ( TCO2 / MWh ) (Excl. Imports)

2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
North
0.76
0.76
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.80
0.81
East
1.06
1.06
1.05
1.07
1.05
1.06
1.03
South
0.86
0.85
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.85
West
0.87
0.89
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.81
0.79
North-East
0.44
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.43
0.42
0.46
India
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.85
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How CDM Works?
An investor from a developed country can invest in, or provide finance for a
project in a developing country that reduces greenhouse gas emissions so that
they are lower than they would have been without the extra investment- i.e.
compared to what would have happened without the CDM under a business as
usual outcome. The investor then gets credits- carbon credits-for the reductions
and can use those credits to meet their Kyoto target. If the CDM works perfectly it
will not result in more or less emission reduction being achieved than were agreed
under the Kyoto protocol, it will simply change the location in which some of the
reductions will happen. For example, a French company needs to reduce its
emissions as part of its contribution to meet Frances emission reduction target
under the Kyoto Protocol. Instead of reducing emissions from its own activities in
France, the company provides funding for the construction of a new biomass plant
in India that would not have been able to go ahead without this investment. This
they argue, prevents the construction of new fossil-fueled plants in India, or
displaces consumption of electricity from existing ones, leading to Global
Environmental Concerns reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in India. The
French investor gets credit for those reductions and can use them to help meet
their reduction target in France.
(c)
Significance of CDM
(i)
Achieve sustainable development
(ii)
Reduce impact on environment
(iii)
Additional stream of income through sale of emission reductions
(iv)
Contributes for rural development
(v)
Reduce pollution levels
(vi)
Technology improvement
(vii)
Improves Economics of Project
(viii)
Helps developed
commitments
countries
to
achieve
their
emission
reduction
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SECTION - 4
TECHNICAL FEATURE & EQUIPMENTS OF THE PLANT
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BASIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Solar Photovoltaic power generator consists of solar modules in series and
parallel connections, these convert solar radiations into DC electrical power at
the pre-determined range of Voltages whenever sufficient solar radiation is
available. The individual crystalline solar cells are connected together in a
module (in series connection), which are hermetically sealed to survive in rugged
weather conditions and ensures optimum performance during its ling life
In order to achieve a higher system voltage, modules are installed in a row
arrangement, called a string. A higher system voltage has the advantage of
lesser installation work, higher efficiency of the entire plant and usage of smaller
cross section cables. Calculated no. of strings is connected in parallel by cables
in Junction Boxes. These junction boxes not only act as a junction point but also
monitor each string output which will be fed to the central monitoring and
analysis system. Outputs from many such junction boxes are connected in
parallel in the Main Combiner Box (MCB). This Main Combiner Box output is fed
to the central inverters/Power Control Unit (PCU) to invert solar generated DC
power in to conventional 3 phase AC power.
Central inverter or PCU operate on MPPT (Maximum power point tracking) mode
to ensure maximum output from the solar generators at different ambient
conditions. Central inverters use higher system voltages to reach very high plant
efficiency. Furthermore, installations can be expanded with additions of more
modules without problems.
AC power from inverters will be fed to LV panel which in turn will be stepped up
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through transformer. Power at 11kv/22Kv will be transmitted by overhead

2.0
transmission line to grid.

OPERATION PHILOSOPHY
Solar panels mounted in the field generate DC electric power. The DC electric
power generated by the solar panels cannot be fed directly in to the utility grid.
The GCI range of inverters invert the direct current output from the solar array
into grid compliant AC voltage, feeds it in to the utility grid system with proper
protection and control. The grid connected inverter (GCI) range of inverters
comes with built-in transformer that ensures galvanic isolation of the DC side
from the AC network. This is an important requirement for many utilities to permit
connection of solar panels on to the grid. The system automatically starts up in
the morning and begins to export power to the grid, provided there is sufficient
solar energy and the grid voltage, frequency is within the range. If the grid goes
out of range the inverter will be immediately disconnected and reconnected
automatically at a pre determined time after the grid comes back within range.
When the exported power is very negligible for a pre determined time the system
will go into an sleep mode by disconnecting the inverter from the grid.
3.0
POWER GENERATION SCHEME
3.1
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM TYPES

There are two general types of electrical designs for PV power systems.
Systems that interact with the utility power grid and have no battery backup and
system that interact and include battery backup as well.
The former is most preferable and is explained below:
3.2
GRID INTERACTIVE SOLAR POWER PLANT

This type of system only operates when the utility is available. Since utility
outages are rare this system will normally provide the greatest amount of bill
savings to the customer per dollar of investment. However, in the event of an
outage, the system is designed to shut down until utility power is restored.
3.3
TYPICAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
3.3.1
PV Array
A PV Array is made up of PV modules, which are environmentally-sealed
collections of PV cells-the devices that convert sunlight to electricity. Our solar
module of 200 Wp is being used in the proposed Project. The Module is of 1.67
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M3. Often sets of four or more smaller modules are framed or attached together
by struts and that is called a paner.
3.3.2
Balance of System Equipment (BOS)

Please refer enclosed Single Line Diagram PE-167-EL-501
4.0
DESCRIPTION OF MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT

Grid connected solar power comprises of the main equipment and componenets
listed below:
4.1
(a)
Solar PV Modules
(b)
Central inverters
(c)
Junction boxes
(d)
Module mounting system
(e)
Grid connection equipment
(f)
Monitoring system
(g)
Cable & connectors
(h)
Transforms
(i)
Buildings for housing the electronics (Sub-station)
SOLAR PV MODULES
A Photovoltaic module is a packaged interconnected assembly of
photovoltaic cells, which converts sunlight into energy. For this project,
crystalline type of solar module of 200 Wp is considered.
The tilt angle for the modules would be 30 0 (all the modules will be facing
south.)
4.2
CENTRAL INVERTERS
The grid connected inverter range is a state of the art equipment with robust
control platform, high efficiency, high availability, low maintenance features
built with quality components. The Grid Connected Inverter (GCI) series
comes with built in isolation transformers. The product is available in range of
10 KVA to 250 KVA units in three phase configurations. The central inverters
(3-phase) will be designed with innovating, cutting edge technology.
Optimized
efficiency
factor, higher
availability
(by
components), the latest control procedure are key features.

4.3
JUNCTION BOXES
proven
ling
life
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In the junction boxes, Cable from individual module strings are bundled and
safely routed to the inverter. It is a combination of an exact, well organized
string monitoring system and a safety concept adapted to the PV technology.
The junction boxes will have suitable cable entry points fitted with cable
glands of appropriate sizes for both incoming an out going cables. They
monitor the output of solar PV arrays. If difference between string outputs is
too large, the operator is informed through monitoring system. These junction
boxes are enclosed in IP 55 rated poly-carbonate housing.
4.4
MODULE MOUNTING SYSTEM

The module mounting structure is design for holding suitable number of
modules in series. The frames and leg assembles of the array structure is
made of Mild Steel, hot dip galvanized material of suitable sections of Angle,
Channel, Tubes or any other section conforming to IS:2062 for steel structure
to meet the design criteria. All nuts & bolts considered for fastening modules
with this structure are of very good quality of stainless steel. The array
structure is designed in such a way that it will occupy minimum space without
sacrificing the output from SPV plants at the same time.
4.5
GRID CONNECTING EQUIPMENTS

Please refer enclosed singed line diagram PE-167-EL:-501.
Solar module generated power in DC from which power will be inverted from
DC to AC by using central inverters. AC power is fed to power control centre.
From PCC 3 phase 415V power will be further stepped up to 11kv/22Kv by
415/11 kv, 1.6 MVA x 5 Nos. transformer. Power will bye transmitted to grid
using 11kv/22Kv overhead line.
4.6
MONITORING SYSTEM
The system also enable diagnostic and monitoring functions for these
components.
4.7
CABLE AND CONNECTORS

Cables will be extremely robust and resist high mechanical load and
abrasion. High temperature resistance and excellent weatherproofing
characteristics provide a long service life to the cables used. The connectors
with high current capacity and easy mode of assembly are to be used for the
connections of the power plant cables.
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TRANSFORMERS
The output power from the inverter is fed to 3 phase415/11kv, 1.6 MVA step
up transformer. The specifications of the transformer are provided in the Data
sheet for reference.
4.9
BUILDING FOR HOUSING THE ELECTRONICS (SUB-STATION)

The substation building will house all the electrical and electronic equipments
like Central inverters, Low Voltage Panels.
4.10
PANELS CLEANING SYSYTEM

In Developed countries, Solar PV Module Panels Dust cleaning system is
widely used in solar photovoltaic power station. Trees leaves, bird poop and
airborne particles (from dirt and pollen) make solar panels dirty, dirty panels
causes power loss. Dirt and debris reduce the ability of the solar array to
perform at full capacity. The potential energy loss depends on the level of
fifth accumulated on solar panels. Energy loss could reach 25 percent of
generating power. Cleaning system for solar panels will improve the
photovoltaic conversion rate; keep the generation capacity steady all over
the year capacity. Panels can ve cleaved either manually or mechanically.
In Mechanical cleaving system mainly, water sprinkler system is used, but it
needs lot of power to spray water in wide module area, Manual system need
manpower for cleaning. Though mechanical Dust cleaning system are
efficient than manual system. This solar PV plant manual cleaning is
proposed because the plant is situated in Village area where manual labour
cost is less compared to total auxiliary power cost.
5.0
DESCRIPTION OF POWER EVACUATION SYSTEM AND INTERFACING

WITH GRID
It is important that the power plant is designed to operate satisfactorily in
parallel with grid, under the voltage and frequency fluctuation condition, so
as to export the maximum possible units to the grid. It is also extremely
important to safeguard the system during major disturbances like tripping.
Pulling and sudden over loading during the fluctuation of the grid loads.
5.1
GRID SYNCHRONIZATION SCHEME

As per the grid synchronization is concerned, the power plant generates
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power at 415 volts at the inverter terminal. The power plant will have
switchyard in the plant premises with single bus arrangement with one power
transformer with control and protection equipment (breaker, CTs, PTs,
isolators etc.)
Protection,
metering
for
the
switchyard
and
grid
feeder
will
be
accommodated in outdoor Kiosk.

The power generated has to be synchronized with the substation. The
substation is about 3000 M away from the plant location.
The power generation by solar module will be inverted into AC from by GCI
and will be fed to the grid though 415 V/11kv step up transformer. The
scheme will have High tension metering cubicle. Air/ Vacuum circuit
breakers.
Note: Please refer enclosed SLD & GA drawing for substation.
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SECTION-5
POWER PLANT CONFIGURATION AND SPECIFICATIONS OF MAIN
PLANT EQUIPMENT
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SELECTION OF UNITS
The capacity of the Proposed Solar Power Plant has been fixed at 1 MWp.x 5Nos.
The principle factors considered for designing and selection of proposed plant are
local solar radiations, ambient conditions and electrical load characteristics of
major system namely the array and power conditioning unit. Moreover, the
proposed plant is situated at remote village location, so maximum use of local
materials available on site for construction and to retain or preserve the original
appearance of the sire and the environment are considered
SR.NO.
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
ITEM
PV arrays
Modules in a string
String in a array
Inverters
Transformer
50 Nos
18 Nos
28Nos
50 X 100 KVA
5Nos
2.0
SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT
(A)
SOLAR PV MODULE
SR.NO.
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
ITEM
Output Power-Pmax (Watt)
Voltage at maximum power-Vmp (Volts)
Current at maximum power-Imp (Amps)
Open circuit voltage Voc (Volts)
Short circuit current-Ise (Amps)
Type of solar PV cell
Dimensions
weight
(B)
SOLAR INVERTER
SR.
NO.
1.0
ITEM
Nominal Voltage
200 Wp
28.60 V
7.02
36
7.55
Poly Crystalline
1619MM x 1002MM
23.50Kg
230/400 volts three phase, 4

Wire,
grid
tracking
Nominal
voltage can be adjusted by 10%
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via system stepoints.

2.0
Output Frequency
50Hz 0.5% inverter to follow grid

frequency up to 3Hz of the
nominal output frequency during
normal operation
3.0
Continuous rating
100 kw at unity power factor
4.0
Max DC link Voltage Range
800 volts DC
5.0
MPPT Range
397 to 585 Volts DC
6.0
Control Type
Voltage source, microprocessor

assisted output regulation
7.0
Waveform
PWM for low THD, sine wave
8.0
THD
output
Less than 3 %
9.0
Efficiency
Up to 94%
10.0
Internal protection system

(using electronic detection)
Internal
continuous
overload
protection inverter peak current

(short circuit) protection Heatsink
over
temperature
protection
over/under grid voltage AC voltage

protection
over/under
grid
frequency protection Anti islanding

protection
11.0
Alarm Signals
Via system fault relay (voltage free

contact)
12.0
Front panel display (LCD)
LCD panel with membrane keypad

displaying the following inverter
per phase voltage, current, kW,
kVA and frequency Grid voltage
and frequency inverter (grid ) on
line status PV panel voltage Solar
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charge
current
temperature
stage
and
ambient
individual
heat
sink
temperature
power
and
solar
cabinet
radiation
(optional ) Inverter Import & export

kWh
summation
solar
kWh
summation system stepoints and

event logs
13.0
Front Panel Controls (via keypad)
Auto mode selection- Grid connect

Inverter
Test
Mode
selection
System off Mode selection Fault

Reset
14.0
Front Panel Indicators
Inverter On line control power

supply OK system Fault
15.0
Circuit Breakers
ACB / MCCB
16.0
RFI
Design
to
conducted
minimize
and
both
radiated
RFI
emissions
17.0
Earthing Provisions
AC bypassing to earth on inverter

and DC inputs
18.0
Operating Temperature Range
5-50 degrees Celsius
19.0
Humidity
0-90% non condensing
20.0
Enclosure
Rate for IP30
21.0
Computer port
Isolated RS232 port. Provision for

Mod bus protocol. WiFi, LAN
protocol
22.0
Computer Access
The system includes a local

access
port
as
well
as
telecommunication dialup facility

incorporating either a standard
PTSN modem or GSM modem for
remote access. SCADA package
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will be windows based OPSComs.

23.0
System feature
Adjustable logging repetition from

1 sec to 900 seconds Storage
capacity of up to 3 year with 10
min logs Time and date stamped
log
entries
Time
and
Date
annotated fault log, holding the

fault description and operating
statistics View and change system
stapoint configurations remotely
Bulk
log
download
for
data
importation into a spreadsheet

where applicable.
24.0
Logging Attributes
A summary of the data logging

abilities supply with the
control
system for instantaneous viewing

and periodic logging are listed
below:
System
summations
inverter
import and export kWh Solar

Parameters Inverter volts, amps,
kW, kVA, frequency Grid volts and
frequency
Solar
panel
temp.
Ambient temperature PV panel

voltage Solar charge current Heat
sink & cabinet temperatures solar
radiation
(with
pyranometer optional).
external
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SR. NO.
1.0
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
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415V PCC x 125 Nos

ITEM
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
System particulars
Rated voltage and phases
Frequency
System earthing
Maximum system voltage
One minute power frequency withstand
415 V, 3 Phase, 4 wire

50 Hz
Effectively earthed
457 V
voltage
2.5 kV
(a) Power circuit
1.5 kV
1.1.6
(b) Control circuit

Continuous current rating of busbars
(a) PCC
Short circuit withstand
2000A
1.1.7
1.1.8
1.1.9
2.0
(a) PCC
Reference ambient
Max temp of busbars at rated current
CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
50 kA/1 sec.
500C max.
900C
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.2
2.3
Sheet steel thickness

Frames
Doors
Covers
Degree of protection
Colour finish shade as per IS: 5
2.5 mm cold rolled

2.5 mm cold rolled
2.0 mm cold rolled
IP 52
Seven tank process painting with
2.3.1
2.3.2
Interior
Exterior
epoxy based
Glossy white
Shade 631
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Busbar material
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All alloy of E 91 E grade. For main

bus bars
- copper for Auxiliary bus bars fully
insulated
Fully insulated
2.4.1
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
Bus bra installation

Earthin bus.
Material
Size
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.7
2.8
2.8.1
2.8.2
2.9
2.10
2.11
3.0
3.1
(a) for PCC

Clearances in air of live parts
Phase to Phase
Phase to earth
Single front design
Draw out / Fixed type design
PCC-ACB
MCCB
Incoming supply to PCCs
Vertical cable alley
Cable entry
INCOMER CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR PCC
Circuit breaker type
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
No. of Phases
Rated breaking capacity
Short circuit withstand current
Rated current
Type of operating mechanism
breaker
4 pole
50 kA
50 kA for 1 Second
Refer enclosed SLD
Motorized spring charged
3.7
3.8
Shunt trip require Yes/No

Relays / releases / control
Motor voltage, 220 V Ac, 1Ph.

Yes
Overload / Earth fault / short circuit
GS
By bidder
5-50 degrees Celsuis
25.4 mm
19.4 mm
All panels
Rate for IP30
Draw out type
Fixed / plug in type
Through cables
Minimum 250 mm
Bottom
Fully draw out type Air circuit
/
3.9
Remote communication
static
with
settable
settings
(Microprocessor based)
Through serial link, Port Rs. 485
with formation of bus wires and
3.10
Breaker Test-Service selector switch
communication modem
Required
3.11
3.12
Local- Remote selector switch

Minimum no. of auxiliary contacts
Required
4 No, 4 NC spare for purchasers
use
DOC. NO.:
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POWER PROJECT
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
OUTGOING CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR PCC

Circuit breaker type
No. of phases
Rated breaking capacity
Type of operating mechanism
Shunt trip required
Relays / series releases
(D)
SR.
TRANSFORMER
ITEM
NO.
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
GENERAL
Application
Quantity
Installation (Indoor / Outdoor )
Type (Auto / 2 Winding / 3 Winding)
Rating
Cooling
TEMRATURE RISE
Ambient temp. maximum
Temp. Rise of oil by thermometer
Temp. Rise of winding by resistance method
Impedance at rated current frequency at 75 C
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MCCB
TP with N
50 kA for 1 sec.
Manual
Yes
Overload / short circuit
Power Transformer
1 No.
Outdoor
2 Winding
1.6 MVA
ONAN
45 C
50 C
55 C
6.25%
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3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
4.0
4.1
TAPPING: Off Load Tap Changer

Tapping on winding (HV)
Total tapping range
Step
RATING
No load voltages
4.2
5.0
5.1
Frequency
TERMINAL CONNECTION
HV Winding Line end
5.2
5.3
HV Winding neutral end

LV Winding Line / N end
5.4
LV Winding neutral bushing
5.5
Earthing conductor for Transformer body
6.0
6.1
SYSTEM DATA
System voltages
6.2
Fault levels
(a) HV (6.6kV) system 40 kA

(b) LV (415V) system 50 kA
6.3
System Neutral Earthing
(a) HV (11kV) Earth through

Resistor
(b)
LV (415V) Solidly Earth
System
7.0
7.1
7.2
WINDING
Material of Winding
Winding connection & vector group
7.3
Transformer neutral
Type of Earthing
8.0
8.1
MISCELLANEOUS
Wheels
8.2
8.3
9.0
Winding temp. indicator required

Any special final paint required (Epoxy etc.)
Additional
features
for
terminal
9.1
connection
HV cable box:
+5 to -5%
+10
2.5% ( 5 taps)
(a) HV Winding
11 kV
(b) LV Winding
50 Hz
433 V
433 V
XLPE cable (with heat shrink

terminations)
---------XLPE cable (with heat shrink
terminations)
Separate Neutral bushing for earth
connection (suitable for 1.1kV
grade)
(a) Material -- G.I. strip
(b) Size
-- 60 x 12 mm
(a) HV Nominal / Highest 11/12
kV
(b) LV Nominal / Highest
0.433/0.457 kV
Copper
HV (11kV) Delta
LV (433V) Star
Dyn 11
(a) HV Not applicable

(b) LV Solidly Earthed
(a) Plain / Flanged : Flanged
(b) Unidirectional / Bidirectional :
Bidirectional
Yes
Epoxy painting
With
disconnecting
chamber,
phase segregated type, provided
with space heater thermostat
DOC. NO.:
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POWER PROJECT
9.2
9.3
LT cable box
Separate LV Neutral bushing:
9.4
Neutral CT after bifurcation
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Required for earth connection to

earth pit
2000/1 A, class PS for 64R,
2000/1 A, CL 5P10, 15 VA for
51NS shall be provided
NOTES:
(1) Transformers shall be provided with necessary accessories
(E)
SR. NO.
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
HT CABLES
ITEM
Voltage Grade
Conductor
Conductor Screen
Insulation
Inner sheath
Outer sheath
Armoring
8.0
9.0
11 kV (UE) grade cables, heavy duty

Stranded Aluminium
Semi conducting compound
XLPE
Extruded PVC (Type ST-2)
Extruded PVC (Type ST-2)
Galvanized steel strips for multi-core
cables and non-magnetic Aluminium
wires for single core cables
Cable Operating Temperature
90 C
Short
circuit
withstand
current 40kA for 1 sec.
10.0
capacity
Short circuit withstand temperature
(F)
SR. NO.
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.6
1.6.1
LT CABLES
ITEM
POWER CABLE
Voltage Grade
Frequency
Earthing system
Conductor
Material
Max withstand Temp
(a) Normal condition
(b) Short circuit condition
Conductor type
Grade
Insulation
Material
Reference standard
Inner Sheath
Material
250 C
UNIT
V/V
Hz
C
C
-
1100V for 415V system

50
Solidly earthed system for 415V system
Annealed Cu
90
250
Stranded
H4
XLPE
IS 7098, Part I and Part II
FRLS PVC
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1.6.2
1.7
1.7.1
1.7.2
Type
Outer Sheath
Material
Type
(G)
EARTHING & LIGHITNG PROTECTION
1.0
CODES & STANDARDS
1.1
The earthing of all outdoor equipment and provision of associated earthing
ST2
FRLS PVC
ST2
systems, electrodes and connections shall be in accordance with the

recommendations in the latest IEEE 80/IS 3043.
2.0
DESIGN CRITERIA
2.1
GROUNDING SYSTEM
The grounding design calculation shall conform to ANSI / IEEE Standard 802000.
Earth electrodes shall be provided throughout the plant areas along with the
main earth grid. The number of earth electrodes shall be according to achieve
the total earth grid resistance less than one (1) ohm. Earth electrodes shall be
provided in earth pits. The earth pits shall be of two types namely treated with
test links and untreated. Earth electrodes shall be of heavy duty GI pipes, 40
mm dia and 3 meter long. The main buried grid conductors shall be connected
to all the earth electrodes to form a total earth grid.
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2.2
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GROUNDING MATERIAL
Galvanised steel flats of required size shall be used as per approved design. In
any case the minimum size shall be 75 x 10 mm. GS strip for earthing conductor.
Treated earth pits shall conform to relevant INDIAN Standards. The earth grid shall
be installed specified / approved depth of minimum 600mm.
2.3
EQUIPMENT EARTHING
The frames of all electrical equipment and structural steel work shall be earthed by
connection to earth grid by branches of same cross sectional area of the earth
grid.
2.4
LIGHTINING PROTECTION SYSTEM

Power plant needs protection against Lighting. The system will be designed as
per IS: 2309 and Indian Electricity Rules.
Vertical air termination of 40mm diameter, 3 M long shall be provided above
highest point of array to provide radius of protection full array.
(H)
STRUCTURAL MOUNTING EQUIPMENT
SR.
NO.
ITEM
1.0
Type
Ground Mounting
2.0
Material
MS Galvanized
3.0
Overall dimension
As per design
4.0
Coating
Hot dip (Galvanized) Minimum of 130

Micron size
5.0
Wind rating
150 km / hr
6.0
Tilt angle
30
7.0
Foundation
PCC
8.0
Fixing type
SS 304 Fastners
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SECTION - 6
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
VER.: P0
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1.0
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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHILOSOPHY

The proposed Organization structure for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of
the power plant is presented in the exhibit.
In order to ensure a high level of
performance of the power plant, it is proposed to induct experienced O&M

engineers from the very beginning of the project.
1.1
BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE O&M TEAM

The basic structure and the broad functional area within the O&M organization
would be as follows:
The Plant Manager would have the primary responsibility for the O&M of the power
plant.
The organization will compromise of four broad functional areas viz.
Operation, Maintenance, Technical and Administration. The basic duties covered

under each of these functional areas would be as follows:
1.1.1
Operation
(a)
Operation of main generating equipment, switch yard and other auxiliary

plant.
(b)
Except for the Power Station Superintendent all other operating personnel
would work one shift basis.
(c)
The day to day operation of the power plant will be controlled by the
Manager who will be assisted by the Control room operators and engineers.
1.1.2
Maintenance
(a)
Maintenance of mechanical and electrical plant, control systems, buildings,

roads, drainages and sewage systems etc.
(b)
Operation of the plant, planning and scheduling maintenance works and

deciding the requirement of spare parts
(c)
The Plant Manager will be assisted by departmental engineers, who take

care of the maintenance aspects of all mechanical, electrical and I&C
requirement
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Trained technicians will be employed to assist the maintenance group in day

to day maintenance of the plant.
1.1.3
Administration
The main responsibilities of this department will be as follows:
1.2
(a)
Purchase
(b)
Plant Security
(c)
Liaison with local labour officers
(d)
Stores management
(e)
Medical Services
(f)
Transport services
FACILITIES TO BE EXTENDED TO THE EMPLOYEES

The number of employees required for operation of the proposed power plant will be
around 10 numbers.
The personnel required for administration and finance &
accounts also will be provided. The following facilities will be provided in the power
plant.
1.3
(a)
Administration Building and Technical Office
(b)
Stores
(c)
Time and security offices
(d)
First Aid and Fire Fighting Station
(e)
Toilets and Changes rooms
STATION OPERATION PHILOSOPHY

The power generated from this plant is exported to MSEB Grid. Necessary software
and hardware features are required for effective operation and maintenance
management system
Software system manages and provides the information needed to manage daily
operations, improve labour productivity, reduce maintenance costs, and monitor
preventive and predictive maintenance programs
Through more effective scheduled and preventive maintenance, the costs
associated with emergency breakdowns can be greatly reduced.
This includes
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savings from reduced payroll overtime, fewer defective products and reduced down
time losses from disrupted production schedules.
1.4
STATION MAINTENANCE PHILOSOPHY

The based power plant maintenance philosophy is based on the following aspects:
1.4.1
Ordinary Maintenance
Ordinary Maintenance, which covers routine checking and minor refurbishment
activities to be performed according to operation manuals of components /
equipments in operating conditions.
1.4.2
Emergency Maintenance
Emergency Maintenance, which is corrective maintenance to be performed when a
significant failure occurs.
To minimize forced outages duration, an effective
Emergency Maintenance must be supported by:
1.4.3
(a)
A proper stock of spare parts
(b)
Permanent monitoring and diagnostic systems for main components.
Maintenance Plan and Scheduled Maintenance

Scheduled maintenance is carried our according to maintenance plan, which should
be discussed and optimized according to the needs of the customer / client.
The maintenance plan is based on scheduled outages for the following components:
1.5
(a)
Cleaning of Solar Module
(b)
Power Processing System
(c)
Switchyard equipment
MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The maintenance of this plant will be carried out as per the above philosophy. This
system aims at maximizing the availability of the plant, while ensuring minimum
maintenance cost and safety of the plant and personnel.
1.6
SPARE PARTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The primary objective of spare part management system will be to ensure timely
availability of proper spare parts for efficient maintenance of the plant without
excessive build-up of non-moving and slow moving inventory.
The spare parts management system for this project will cover the following areas:
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(a)
Proper codification of all spares and consumables
(b)
Spare parts indenting and procurement policy
(c)
Ordering of critical mandatory and recommended spares
(d)
Judicious fixation of inventory levels and ordering levels for spare parts
based on experience.
(e)
Development of more than one source of manufacturer / supplier whenever

practicable.
1.7
AVAILABILITY OF O & M MANUALS

All contracts include provision of at least 6 sets of details O&M manuals, which will
be distributed to all departments concerned well in advance from the commissioning
date of the power plant to avoid problems in preparation of commissioning
documents as well as proper installation and commissioning procedures of various
equipments.
1.8
SPECIAL TOOLS AND TACKLES

All contracts will include the provision for supply of one set of all types of special
tools and tackles, which are required for installation, commissioning and proper
maintenance of plant and equipment.
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CHECKLISTS AND PROTOCOL

A detailed checklist for the various equipments, supplemented with the checklist
submitted by the supplier shall be drawn and logged for future reference. This will
also form part of the plants base history / datum.
Whenever an equipment in commissioned, the important parameters of that
particular equipment should be observed for a period of eight hours and the
readings shall be logged as per the log sheets. These activities shall be performed
in the presence of the customer / consultant and a protocol shall be signed.
1.10
SAFETY AND PROTECTION

The importance of safety and the protection of personnel and equipment cannot be
overemphasized. The system must be designed to minimize hazards to operation
and maintenance personnel, the public, and equipment. The control subsystem
must be equipped with various fuses, built-in fault detection and protection
algorithms to protect the users, the loads, and the PV system equipment. The
safety of an operator or technician is of the utmost importance. Personnel must be
protected from electric shock by following all available safety practices. Such as
displaying high voltage warning signs wherever necessary. In general, the system
must adhere to the IS Codes and standards dealing with safety issues.
Some of the important safety criteria are as follows:
(a)
Electrical components should be insulated and grounded
(b)
All high voltage terminations (> 50 Vdc) should be properly covered and
insulated
(c)
All component with elevated temperatures should be insulated against

contact with or exposure to personnel
(d)
Structures should be grounded and ground fault relays installed to give

warning of ground faults in the array or other electrical components.
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ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
PLANT MANAGER
2 NO
OPERATION MANAGER
(5 NO.)
MAINTENANCE & ADMINISTRATION

MANAGER (5 NO.)
ADMIN. STAFF
( 3NOS. )
CONTROL ROOM
TECHNICIAN
(3 NOS. + 2 NO. )
TECHNICIAN
(3 NOS.)
TOTAL O&M STAFF = 29 NOS.
ADMIN. STAFF
(3 NOS. )
ELECTRICAL
TECHNICIAN
( 5NO. )
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SWOT ANALYSIS
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SWOT ANALYSIS.
Non Conventional Sources, which are renewable in nature, are termed as the
alternate sources of energy. The Challenges of the present energy scenario
offer us a window of the opportunity in the form of renewable energy sources.
The Power from the sun is clean , silent , limitless and free. Photovoltaic (PV)
process releases no CO2 , SO2 or NO2 gases which are normally associated
with burning finite fossil fuel reserve and dont contribute to global warming .
Solar power shall augment the need of peak power needs & increases the grid
reliability I.e , Voltage and frequency. Solar Powered grid connect plants can act
as tail end energizes , which in turn reduces the transmission and distribution
losses.
(a)
Geographically India is situated at northern hemisphere near the

Equator. So India gets maximum solar irradiation and there is ample of
scope to produce the power from solar PV. But till now this area is totally
(b)
virgin area for producing power.

This is true that solar PV efficiency is very low compared to other power
generation systems , Lots of R&D is going on the improve the efficiency.
Solar PV generates electricity only at day time , So the proposed solar
PV Power plant generates power on an average only about six hours in
(C)
day time.
India is potentially one of the largest markets for solar energy in the
world. The estimate4d potential of power generation through solar
photovoltaic system is about 20 MW/Sq.km in India. It is useful for
providing grid quality, reliable power in rural area where the line voltage
is low and insufficient cater to connected load. Recent Government
incentives and policies have been providing the momentum for PV in
India . The Government of India already declared national Action plan on
climate change released in mid 2008, identifies eight critical mission
(d)
one of which is the National Solar Mission.

In comparison to other sources of power generation, the PV solar power
is totally dependent in nature . The capacity utilization factor of such type
of plant is only 19%. Because averagely in the year we get 6 hr sunlight
in a day . Only this particular interval solar plant generates electricity.

In comparison to other conventional power generating units, solar power
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generating unit has many advantages like.

(a)
(b)
( c)
No fuel is required for power generation.

Operation & Maintenance Manpower required is less.
Plant will be running smoothly for a long period as compared to other
(d)
conventional power generation units.

In environmental perspective , solar power plant generates clean energy
and gets maximum clean development mechanism (CDM) benefit as
compared to other conventional power generation units.

Considering all the above points, solar power generating potential is always
ahead of all other conventional power generating units in economical &
Environment point of view.
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SECTION - 8
PLANT LAYOUT & CIVIL ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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INTRODUCTION.
This layout of the plant and facilities for the proposed solar power plant is largely
dictated by its location, shape and road etc. Involving minimum eviction, the wind
rose pattern, land use pattern of adjoining area and the direction of power
2.0
evacuation.
PLAN LAYOUT
The General plant layout is shown in the general arrangement drawing PE-167
2.1
GA -101 enclosed.
Planned site layout area.
The plot selected for the proposed power plant is 18 acers. Only 6.45 acres are
3.0
required the proposed power plant including plant roads & other building.
MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT LAYOUT.
Layout of control Room & Administration Building.
The Control building is envisaged in an area of 200 M 2 and administration building
3.1
of 100 M2.
Civil Engineering Aspects.
3.1.1
Structural System.
Power Plant Building will have RCC framed structure, floors & roof & brickwork
3.1.2
cladding.
Loads
(a)
Live Loads
The loads listed hereunder are minimum loads for the areas involved.
Special use area s will be designed for higher loads as necessary. Hung
loads will be based on minimum loading equivalents of 100Kgs/Sq .m for
piping and 50Kgs/sq.m electrical, ventilation and air conditioning.
( b)
(c)
(i) Roofs
Ground Floor.
: 3,750Kgs/Sq.m Plus hung loads
(i) Control Rooms
: 37,500Kgs/Sq.m
(ii) Offices
Seismic Loading.
: 18,750 Kgs/Sq.m Plus hung loads.
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The
3.1.3
lateral
forces
will
be
established
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in
accordance
with
the
recommendations of IS- 893.

Reinforced Concrete Structure.
The following grades of concrete as par IS 456 will generally be consider for civil
work.
(a)
M-20
Structure concrete standard for pavement around

building including that for plinth protection work & non
suspended slabs.
(b)
M-25
Structural concrete-standard for other structure.
(c)
M-10
Mud mat.
(d)
M-7.5
Full concrete.
Reinforcing bars will be as per IS-432(Grade-1) for mild steel and as per IS-1786
for High strength deformed bars.
Non Suspended ground floor shall consist of the following minimum specification
unless otherwise specified.
(a)
230 mm rubble soling blinded with murrum / sand over thoroughly
3.1.4
(b)
(c )
compacted earth fill.

50 mm thick lean concrete (m7.5)over soling
150mm thick lean concrete slab of grade M-20 (adequately reinforced)
(d)
(e)
over lean concrete

Proper slope will be provided for adequate draining of ground floor slab.
All expansion / separation joints in slabs shall be filled with premoulded
joint filler sealed with approved mastic sealing compound.

Architecture.
(a)
Architectural Concepts of structure should offer its own identity and be
aesthetically blended to give pleasing appearance . Functional needs of
each building will be maintained but without entailing expensive
(b)
architectural treatment.
Walls
Walls shall be 230mm thick except toilet partitions, where same shall be
(c)
115 mm thick & 2100 mm tall loft on top.

False Ceiling
Plaster of parts board ceiling fixed to aluminum framework and suspended
from steel / R.C beams shall be provided for all air- conditioned spaces.
The illumination and duct grills in this area shall match the overall
(d)
aesthetic.
Roof Drainage Systems.
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The system will be provided for removal of water from roof surface to avoid
damage to the roof structure of all building and shall consist of the
following :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(e)
(i)
Roof drain Heads

Rain Water Down comers.
Fixtures
Building Finishes
Brick Works- internal
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
And external
cement sand mortar.
Half thick brick walls for toilets.
1:4 Cements, sand mortar.
Control rooms shall have IPS floor finish.
Roof
230 mm thick brick wall with 1.6
All roofs shall be provided with extra heavy duty proofing treatment
comprising of ten courses using four layers of Hessian based bitumen felt
and five layers of bitumen paint finishing with 20 mm thick presses per cast
concrete tiles on 15 mm thick (1:4) cement : sand mortar underbed. Water
proofing treatment shall
be laid over 75 mm thick foam concrete /25mm thick expanded
polystyrene insulation.
Painting
- External masonry surface of all building shall have water proof cement
(v)
paint super snowcem of equivalent.

- Acrylic plastic emulsion paint shall be provided for control room, control
equipment room , computer room. UPS room and air- conditioned area
including entrance lobby.
- All other area shall be provided with cement paint (available for internal
4.0
4.1
use) and white wash.

STRUCTURAL WORKS.
MATERIALS
(a)
Structural Steel
( All structure steel for array shall be tested quality and shall conform to IS
a standard with galvanized coating.
)
(b)
Electrodes
( Mild steel electrodes shall conform to IS:814. The contractor shall furnish
b to the Engineer a certificate issued by the manufacturer to the effect that
) the electrodes supplied are in accordance with the above specification.
For welding in any particular position , the electrodes used shall be those
(c)
recommended by the manufacture for use in that position.

Other Materials
( Other materials used in association with steel work shall comply with the
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c appropriate Indian standard specification .

4.2
)
Commissioning & erection
All steel structures are assembling and installed at site . It is always consider to
maximum use to local resources for assembling and installation . Form design
concept , it is always consider utilization of local resources to optimized project
4.3
4.3.1
cost.
ROAD WORK
Material
Stone for soling shall be consider for road construction of 2M wide array road.
Stone soiling with black bitumen road shall be consider for 4M wide road
Further details will be done on detail engineering stage .
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PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
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IMPLEMENT CONCEPT
The project is planned to be implemented at the earliest . The most essential
aspect regarding the implementation of this project is to ensure that the project is
completed with in the schedule , spanning 6 months from the placement of
purchase order.
A good planning , scheduling , and monitoring program is imperative to complete
the project on time and without cost overruns.
The project zero date start once the kick- off meeting has taken place and the
1.1
advance payment has been received.

PROJECT IMPLEMETATION STRATEGY.
It is envisaged that the project will have the below mentioned phase of activities .
These phases are not mutually exclusive ; to implement the project on fast track
1.1.1
basis some degree of overlapping is envisaged.

Phase I
Project Development
Phase II
Finalization of the Equipment and contracts
Phase III
Procurement and Construction.
Phase IV
Plant Commissioning
Phase I Project Development
In a power project, development of the project plays an important role. Almost
50% of the work of the work is done if one achieves power purchase agreement
from the respective state utilities. The project development starts with visits to the
region, understanding about the regional conditions, socio economic conditions,
transportation facilities and infrastructure facilities available in the region.
Apart from the above the below listed task will be under project development.
Submission of DPR
Power purchase agreement (PPA)
Expedite central Regulatory Authority clearance
Land acquisition / Mortgage.
During this phase, a project team will be formed during the execution of the
project. The
Engineers from group will be involved from early stages of execution of the
project. This would give them the opportunity to familiarize with the equipment and
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systems being installed. These personnel should involve with the critical team of
installation and commissioning. After the plant being commissioned, these
engineers and technicians would occupy key positions in the organization
structure for the operation and maintenance of the plant.
The responsibility of the project team shall be:
Planning and programming of all the resources required for project completion.
Inspection of major fabrication items
Organize the construction and commissioning of the plant
Monitoring and controlling the project progress
Execute the project within the planned budget.
1.1.2
Phase II Finalization of the Equipment and Contracts

In the power plant module and junction boxes are the lead items and the planning
schedule for the project implementation should provide adequate time period for
the acquisition and installation of these equipment. The specifications for major
equipment shall be drawn up at an early stage of the project. Program of design
information, from the equipment suppliers, that satisfies the overall project
schedule shall be drawn up. Since, the project execution calls for closer
coordination among the contractors, consultants and the company, proper contract
co-ordination and monitoring procedures shall be made to plan and the project
progress.
1.1.3
Phase III- Procurement and Construction

The procurement is an important function of the implementation of the project.
Once the purchase order is placed, the project team follows up regularly to ensure
smooth and timely execution of the contract and for obtaining technical
information for the inter package engineering.
When the contracts for the equipment are awarded, detailed programmed in the
form of network are tied up with the supplier to clearly indicate the owners
obligations and the suppliers responsibility. And upon placement of the purchase
order, the project team follows up regularly to ensure smooth and timely execution
of the contract and or obtaining technical information for the inter package
engineering. The procurement activity includes review of drawing, expediting,
stage and final pre delivery inspection, supervision of installation and
commissioning.
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During construction the erection and commissioning phase of all the contracts
proceed simultaneously. Adequate power and water shall be made available for
the construction
1.1.4
Phase IV- Erection and commissioning Phase

The commissioning phase in a project is one where design, manufacturing
erection and quality assurance expertise are put to test. The commissioning team
will be from manufacturer of the equipment, consultant and the company. As
discussed in the earlier section, staff identified to operate the plant will be involved
in the commissioning phase of the project it self. When construction phase is
complete, the check list designed to ensure that the plant has been properly
installed with appropriate safety measures. The commissioning team will follow
the internal operating instruction. The plant shall be subjected to a performance
test.
2.0
PROJECT SCHEDULE
As per ANNEXURE-2
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SECTION 10
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST
1.0
BASIS FOR COST ESTIMATION
1.1
The capital cost of the plant has been estimated taking into account the cost of
civil & structure works, transportation, installation, testing, commissioning
charges and contingencies.
1.2
Land cost is not considered as land is already available.
1.3
The cost of material and electrical equipment has been estimated based on
budgetary quotation received previous quotations for other projects and in house
cost data suitable altered.
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1.4
Excise duty is exempted as per MNRE consideration.
1.5
Packing, forwarding , inland transportation and insurance at the rate of 2.5% for
all equipment and systems including spares have been considered.
1.6
Erection, testing and commissioning charges are considered as 8% of supply

cost for mechanical and electrical equipment.
1.7
3% of the equipment cost has been considered towards cost of initial spares.
1.8
Cost of civil works has been estimated based on data available for similar
projects.
1.9
Power plant life is considered as 25 years.
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SECTION 11
ESTIMATED POWER GENERATION COST
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COST OF POWER GENERATION

1.0
Basis for Generation Cost Estimation
1.1
Debt-Equity Ratio shall be 70:30
1.2
Rate of interest on loan shall be 10.0% p.a.
1.3
Depreciation shall be 10.34% for plant & machinery and 3.34% for Civil work
1.4
The working capital is insurance expenses for one year in advance and one
month requirement of spares and consumables
1.5
Eligibility for working capital loan is 75% of total working capital & interest rate on
the loan is 12% p.a.

Greenergy Power (I) PVT LTD: Project of 5 Mega Watt by Crystalline Technology in Kadiri, Ananthpur Dist. Andhrapradesh

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Greenergy Power (I) PVT LTD: Project of 5 Mega Watt by Crystalline Technology in Kadiri, Ananthpur Dist. Andhrapradesh

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DOC. NO.

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD

5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT Ltd

Owned bysahil energy

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD

5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

SOURCES OF GREENHOUSE GASES

GREEN HOUSE GAS CONCENTRATION TRENDS

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD

5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

TECHNICAL FEATURES & EQUIPMENT OF THE PLANT

POWER PLANT CONFIGURATION AND SPECIFICATIONS

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

PLANT LAYOUT & CIVIL ENGINEERING ASPECTS

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD

5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT LAYOUT

ESTIMATED PROJECT COST

ESTIMATED POWER GENERATION COST

THE PROMOTIONAL POLICIES OF MNRE FOR SOLAR

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT: CONTROL ROOM

KEY SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM / P0

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD

5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

The advantage or renewable

5MW Solar PV Grid Connected Power

Distance from District Headquarter

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD

5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

Chennai Mumbai National highway

Kadiri Railway station

Satya Sai Airport Anantpura

Telecommunication facility available

It is proposed to install 5MW on the land,

The Geographical location of the

13'-40' and 15'-15' Northern Latitude and 76'-50'

Irradiation details considered

Type of Module Mounting Structure

Fixed Structures, Earth Mounted

Type of PV Modules Considered for Crystalline

Capacity of each PV Module

100 KVA x 50 Nos.

Projected Energy Production per year

Total Project Cost

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD

5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD

5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

This energy generation and consumption

strengthens the nations industries, vehicles, homes and offices.

GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY & IMPORTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOURCE OF GREENHOUSE GAS

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD

5MW SOLAR PV GRID CONNECTED

GREEN HOUSE GAS CONCENTRATION TRENDS

Increases by 35 15% from 1750, varies with region

HFCs, PFCs, SF6

Increased globally over last 50 years

ATMOSPERIC LIFETIME & GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP) FOR SOME

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT LTD