New

Syllabus

Edition 1

Consultant
Sidra Javaid
Authors
Hania Asif, Maheen Touqeer

Department of Elementary
Education
Department of Elementary Education
Zainab Fatima, Sidra Javaid
Sadia Anwar, Sidra Javaid

University of the Punjab, Lahore

Elementary Education is a department of Institute of

Education and Research abbreviated as (IER) of Punjab
University. The objectives of this University are worldwide
known. This book has been selected as the Best Book by
the Ministry of Education.
All rights are reserved with the Department of Elementary
Education. This book has been approved by the Curriculum
Authority. No parts of this publication can be copied or
imitated in any form, without the permission of Department
of Elementary Education.
Institute of Education and Research
First Impression 2013

Printed in Pakistan
Published by
Department of Elementary Education

Preface
New Syllabus Mathematics of grade 5 is an authentic and
standardized book for 5th graders. This book follows the
syllabus for Elementary Schools, implemented from 2007,
by the Ministry of Education, Pakistan. This book covers the
whole syllabus of for the Pakistans Primary Level
Mathematics.

This new edition of 5th grade mathematics retains the goals

and objectives of the previous edition and all the basic
concepts have been revised to keep materials up to
date
Examples and exercises have been carefully organized to
aid students in progressing within and beyond each level.
This book includes very much interesting features for
students
An interesting introduction at the beginning of each
chapter includes variety of photographs and graphics to
raise the level of interest among students.
Activities are also included to arouse the students interest
in mathematics.
Extra information is also provided to enable students in
more critical thinking.

U n it :1

After studying this unit, the students will be able

to:
Read numbers up to 1,000,000,000(one billion) in
numerals and in words.

 Write numbers up to 1,000,000,000(one billion)

in numerals and words.
Add numbers of complexity and of arbitrary size.
Subtract numbers of complexity and of arbitrary
size.
Multiply numbers up to 6 digits by 10,100
and1000.
Multiply numbers up to 6 digits by a 2-digit and
3-digit number.
Divide numbers up to 6-digits by a 2-digit and 3digit number.
Recognize BODMAS rule, using only parenthesis (
).
Carryout combined operations using BODMAS
rule.
Verify distributive laws.

1.1 Numbers up to one billion.

1.1.1 Read the numbers up to one
billion.
We know that 100000000 in international place
value system is written as:
Millions

Thousands

Ones

Hundr Ten
Millio Hundre Ten
Ten
Hundr
ed
Millio ns
d
Thousa Thousa eds
Millio ns
Thousa nds
nds
ns
nds
1

Te
ns

On
es

Commas are placed after three places from right most

digits.
For example:
1.The number 200,000,000 is written in figures.
It can be written as:
Two hundred million.
2.The number 100,000,000 is written in figures.
It can be written as:
One hundred million.
Similarly, 345,267,982 is read as:
Three hundred forty five million, two hundred sixty
seven thousand, nine hundred eighty two.
100,000,000 and 999,999,999 are respectively
smallest and largest 9-digits numbers.
999,999,999 is read as:
Nine hundred ninety nine million, nine hundred ninety
nine thousand, nine hundred ninety nine.
One more than 999,999,999 is one thousand million.
One thousand million is known as 1 billion.
1 billion is written as 1,000,000,000.
1 Billion=1000 million

Example 1 :
Read the following numbers and write in words.
I. 14,020,748.
II. 843,658,952

III.

435,525,243.

Solution:
I.
II.

III.

14,020,748: Fourteen million, twenty

thousand, seven hundred and forty eight.
843,658,952: Eight hundred forty three
million, six hundred fifty eight thousand, nine
hundred and fifty two.
435,525,243: Four hundred thirty five
million, five hundred twenty five thousand,
two hundred and forty three.

1.1.2 Write numbers up to one billion

Example 2:
Write the following numbers in figures.
I.
II.

Seven hundred eight million, two hundred seventy

two thousand, nine hundred twenty six.
Eight hundred eighty six million , five hundred
thousand, one hundred twenty six.

Solution:
I. 708,272,926.
II. 886.500,126.

Exercise 1.1
1. Read the following numbers and write
them in words:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

65,086,236
345,666,780
980,765,455
999,999,999
455.980,650
1,000,000,000
455,678,999.

2. Write the following numbers in figures:

I.
II.

One hundred twenty million three hundred six

thousand four.
Ninety five million, sixteen thousand, fifty five.

III. Sixty million.

IV. Five hundred ninety million three hundred five
thousand five.

1.2 .Addition and Subtraction:

We have learnt addition of numbers up to 6-digit

numbers. Addition of larger number (7,8 or 9-digit)
is done similarly. That is, addition of numbers is
done by addition of digits having same place
values(starting from ones). We should be very
careful while placement of digits of numbers and
commas.
As an example, addition of 2,556,876,135 and 605,957
is performed as under:
1

2, 5 5 6 , 8 7 6 , 1 3 5
+

605,9 5 2
2,557,4 8 2 ,0 8 7

Example 3 :

Add 24,571,344 and 5,690,345.

Solution:
1 1

2 4, 5 7 1, 3 4 4
+ 5, 6 9 0, 3 4 5
3 0 ,2 6 1 , 6 8 9

Activity
Answer the following in 10 seconds each!
208,070
+ 399,770

422,134
+ 533,450

Exercise:1.2
Solve:

1. 3, 9 5 6, 2 3 4
+ 8 9 0, 1 2 4

2.

5 7 8, 9 8 0
+ 1 2 3, 6 7 0

3.

2, 8 9 0, 6 7 8
+ 7 8 3, 1 2 7

4.

6, 7 3 4, 5 6 7
+ 1 2 3, 6 8 0

5.

4, 4 4 4, 4 4 4
+ 4 4 4,4 4 4

6.

7,680,781
+

561,670

1stnSxoi.uO2dmbyfzprlaec

7. 6,870,456

+ 675,321

8. 5 6 7 , 7 8 9 ,5 5 5

+ 234,567,657

Find the Sum:

9. 490,456 and 467,335.

10. 65,444,290 and 23,543,670.

Same method is applied for subtraction of larger

numbers (7, 8, 9) as we have done for subtraction of
numbers upto 6 digit numbers . It is done by

subtraction of digits having same place while

placement of digits of the numbers and commas .
Let us take an example :
Subtraction of 6, 567, 239 from 4,456, 112 is as
under:

6 , 5 6 7, 2 3 9
- 4 , 4 5 6 , 11 2
2 , 1 1 1 ,1 2
7

Example 4:
Subtract 4,567,887 from 5,678,997.

Solution:
5,678,997
- 4, 5 6 7 , 8 8 7
1, 1 1 1 , 1 1 0

Exercise: 1. 3
Solve:
1. 7 8 9, 9 9 9 , 8 6 7

_3 2 1 , 8 9 0 , 7 6 6

2. 5 8 9, 7 9 0, 9 8 8
_ 4 7 8 , 8 9 0 ,3 2 2

3. 8 8 , 9 8 0 ,8 7 9
_ 67,780,345

4. 8 9 7, 8 9 9
_ 3 4 5, 7 7 8

5. 3 3 9, 9 9 8, 9 8 4
_ 2 2 8, 7 8 0 , 2 1 3

Solve:
6. 5 8 8 , 9 8 9 4 6 7, 8 1 2

1nM6s.ud3mltg0abip:eo,ry

Multiplication by 10,100 and 1000.

Let us see the product of a number 22222 with
10,000 and 1000.
22222 10 = 222220.
22222100=2222200.
222221000= 22222000.

Example:

Multiply 3654 with 10,100 and 1000.

Solution:

365410=36540.
3654100= 365400.
36541000=3654000.

Ex

.1
3.
2

ample 6 :
Multiply 224222 by 14.

Solution:
1

224222
14
89688
8
224222
0
3139 1
08

Multiply:
1.
2.
3.
4.

512222
422116
112333
310333

by
by
by
by

Exercise: 1.4
10.
13.
11
12.

Exa

mple:
Divide 537809 by 35 .Find the quotient and remainder as
well.

Solution:
15365
Quotient
35

537809
-35
-

187
175
128
105
230

1OaeodDMBsSu:pnt.rfA4il
-

210

209

175

34

Remainder

Note: The remainder at every step would be less

than the divisor.

Exercise: 1.5

Divide:
1. 425580
2. 304480
3. 209800
4. 500800
5. 566700

by
by
by
by
by

60
40
20
40
30

BODMAS stands for Brackets, Of, Division,

multiplications, addition and subtraction. It helps
remembering the order of preferences of
mathematical operators. We solve brackets first if
given in the question. In case of more brackets, we
solve from inner most bracket to the outer most
bracket.

BODMAS given order of preferences as:

Preference No.
Rule
Operation
Symbol
1
BODMAS
Brackets
()
2
BODMAS
Of
Of
3
BODMAS
Division
+
4
BODMAS
Multiplication

5
BODMAS
Addition
+
6
BODMAS
Subtraction
Or

der of Preferences is as under:

(), Of, , , + , - .
Now we simply 16+ (12 + 9 3) 5, using
BODMAS rule,
16+ (12+ 93) 5
= 16 + (12+3) 5
(First divide within bracket)
=16+ 155
(After Addition remove
Bracket)
= 16+75.
(Multiplication)
= 91.
(Addition)

VeinOfDcabusLwfiov:tr
Example 12:

Solve (18+6) 24.

Solution:

= (18+6) 24
=2424.
= 248.
= 3.

Solve:

Exercise: 1.6

1. 24 (126).
2. (510) 5.
3. (182+6) 3-2.
4. (85) 7+1.

We verify the distributive laws with the help of

following examples.

Example :

Verily Distributive laws.

a. 10 (13+2) = (1013) + (102).

Solution:

L.H.S= 10 (13+2)
= 1015
= 150.

(a)

R.H.S=(1013)+(102)
=130+20

=150.
(b)
From (a) and (b)
L.H.S=R.H.S.
b. (6+4) 4= (64) + (4 4).

Solution:

L.H.S= (6+4) 4.
= (6+4) 4
= 104.
= 40.
R.H.S= (64) + (4 4).
= 24+16.
=40.

Exercise:1.7
Verify distributive laws:
1. 14 (9+5) = (149)+ (145).
2. (12+5) 6= (126) + (56).
3.16 (10+4) = (1610) +(164).
4. 11 (12-7) = (1112)-(117).
5.16 (12-6) = (1612)-(166).

Review Exercise
1. Read the following numbers and write
them in words.
I.
II.

101,001,017.
106,011,111.

2. Multiply:
I.
II.

244664 by 24.
993399 by 33.

3. Divide:
246444 by 22

4. Evaluate:
60-(4010-2) + 5.

5 .Multiple choice questions.

Encircle the correct answer:
1. 1 billion= ?
a. 100 million
d.500 million.

b.10 million.

c. 1000 million

2. Eight hundred twenty three million five hundred

thirty eight
thousand two hundred seventy eight.
a. 800,23,538,208
d.893,567,278.

b.823,538,278

c.804,567,278

3. 3566100= ?
a. 355600
d.344600.

b. 356600

c. 356000

4. 7 (4+4) = (74) + (74) is

a. Distributive law
Commutative law

b. Associative law

c.

d. BODMAS rule.
5. 5668-1333=?
a. 4335

b.4512

c. 4412

d. 4125.

Answers

Answers:

Exercise 1.1
1.
i. Sixty-five million, eighty-six thousand, two
hundred and thirty-six.

ii.

Three hundred forty-five million, six hundred

sixty-six thousand ,seven hundred and eighty.
iii. Nine hundred eighty million, seven hundred
and sixty-five , four hundred and fifty-five.
iv. Nine hundred ninety-nine million , nine
hundred ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred
ninety-nine.
v. Four hundred and fifty-five, nine hundred and
eighty, six hundred and fifty.
vi. One thousand million.
vii. Four hundred and fifty-five, six hundred and
seventy-eight, nine hundred and ninety nine.

2.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

120,306,004.
95,016,055.
60,000,000.
590,305,005.

4,846,358.
702,650.
3,673,805.
6,858,247.
4,888,888.
8,242,451.

Exercise: 1.2

vii.
viii.
ix.
x.

7,545,777.
802,357,212.
957,791.
88,987,960.

Exercise: 1.3
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

468,109,101.
111,100,666.
21,200,534.
552,121.
111,218,771.
111,177.

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

5122220.
5487508.
112344.
3723996.

Exercise: 1.4

Exercise : 1.5
1.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

i.
ii.
iii.

iv.

7093.
7612.
10490
12520
18890.

48.
10.
15.
5.

Exercise: 1.6

Exercise: 1.7
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

196.
102.
224.
55.
96.

Review exercise
1.
i.
ii.

One hundred and one million, one thousand

and seventeen.
Six million ,eleven thousand , one hundred
and eleven.

2.
i.
ii.

5871936.
32782167.

3.
11202.
4.
53.
5.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

c
b
b
a

v. a

HCFAND
LCM

CHAPTER-2

After the instruction of this

chapter students will be
able to

Find the HCF of given two or three numbers

up to 2 digits with the help prime
factorization.
Find the HCF of given two or three numbers
up to 2 digits with the help of division
method.
Find the LCM of three or four numbers up to
2 digits with the help of prime
factorization.
Find the LCM of three or four numbers up to
2 digits with the help of division method.
Solve real life problems.

2.1 HCF
The term HCF stands for Highest Common
Factor. It is defined as the largest number
with which if the given two or more numbers
are divided the remainder will always be zero.
HCF of two or more given numbers can be
calculated by two methods:
Prime Factorization
Division Method

PRIME FACTORIZATION:
To express a composite number as
the product
numbers or

Note

Except the number

1 every other number
of two or more prime
is a prime number or
a composite number.
prime factors of that

number is called prime factorization

For Example:
10=2x5
8=2x2x2

CALCULATING THE HCF OF THREE

NUMBERS UP TO 2 DIGITS WITH
THE
HELP
OF
PRIME
FACTORIZATION METHOD:
EXAMPLE 1:
Using prime factorization find the HCF of 30, 40
and 60.

Solution:

Factors of 30=2x3x5
Factors of 40=2x2x2x5
Factors of 60=2x2x3x5
Common factors of 30, 40 and 60=2x5=10
So the HCF of 30, 40 and 60=10

EXAMPLE 2:
Using prime factorization find the HCF of 12, 16
and 18.

Solution:
Factors of 12=2x2x3
Factors of 16=2x2x2x2
Factors of 18=2x3x3
Common factors of 12, 16 and 18=2
So the HCF of 12, 16 and 18=2

EXERCISE 2.1
Using Prime Factorization find the
HCF of the following:

1) 38, 42 and 63
22

2) 50, 14 and

3) 24, 48 and 84
80

4) 44, 96 and

5) 21, 52 and 63
55

6) 66, 33 and

7) 12, 14 and 16
15

8) 18, 63 and
9) 50, 60 and 70

Division Method:

Note

is that
Division method is a method in whichDivisor
we
number with
which another
given number is
divided.

divide the larger given number by the

smaller number to get the remainder, then

we divide the divisor by the remainder and
the process continues until the remainder
Becomes 0 and the last dividend is the HCF of
the given number.

EXAMPLE 1:
With the help of division method find the HCF
of 33 and 55.

Steps for finding the HCF of 33

(1

33) 55

and 55 by division method are:

33

STEP
22) 33 (1
Divide
- 22

1:
larger

Smaller
11) 22 (2

one

given
33.

number
Remainder

55
is

STEP
-22
Divide
0

with
22.
2:

33

by

first

remainder

we

get

second remainder 11.

STEP 3:
Divide 22 with second remainder.
STEP 4:
The last divisor is 11 which is the HCF of 33 and
55.

 EXAMPLE 2:
Using the division method find the HCF of 16
and 20.
Steps for finding the HCF of 16
And 20 are:
Step 1:
Divide the larger number with
20 (1
The
-16

smaller

number.

16)
is

the

last

remainder.
4) 16 (4
Step
-16

2:

Divide
0

16

with

first

remainder

4.

We

Get the answer 0.

As 4 is the last divisor so HCF of 16 and 20 is 4.

EXAMPLE 3:

Using division method, find the HCF of 10, 15

and 25.
First find HCF of two numbers
Say 10 and 15.
(1

10) 15
-1

0
5
) 10 (2
-10
0
The HCF of 10 and 15 is 5.

Now we find the HCF of 5 and 25.

25(5

5)

-25
0
So the HCF of 10, 15 and 25 is 5.

EXERCISE 2.2
Using division method, find the
HCF of the following:
1)
18, 44 and 32
33, 66 and 99

2)

3) 48, 60 and 75
and 96

4) 24, 48

5) 18, 24 and 32
and 90

6) 27, 81

7) 39, 65 and 91
and 85

8) 34, 68
9) 18, 36 and 90

2.2LCM
The term LCM stands for Least Common
Multiple. LCM is the number which is the
smallest common multiple of two or more
numbers.

EXAMPLE:
Multiples of 4 shown on the line are 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20.

4
20

12

16

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20
10
20
Multiples of 10 shown on the line are 10 and 20.

20 is common among the multiples of 4 and 10

represented by the line. So the LCM of 4 and 10
is 20. 4 and 10 also have other common
multiples such as 40, 60 etc. but they are not
the common smallest multiples.

STEPS:
Steps involved in finding the LCM of two or
more numbers are:

FPP
cun
xf
u
f

a rr
o nu

oo c dd t o uu r cc i z tt a oo t ff i o
m cm o m b m e o m r n s o f na
a p c t r o rd s u c t o
n c o m m o n
a c t o r s = L
EXAMPLE:

o f
c t o r s
f
C M

Using Prime Factorization find the LCM of the

following numbers:
1) 72 and 32
and 88

2) 56
3) 16, 36 and 40

1) 72 and 32
Factors of 72=2x2x2x3
Factors of 32=2x2x2x2x2
Product of common factors=2x2x2=8
Product of uncommon factors=2x2x3=12
=8x18=96
The LCM of 72 and 32 is 96.
2) 56 and 88
Factors of 56=2x2x2x7
Factors of 88=2x2x2x11
Product of common factors=2x2x2=8
Product of uncommon factors=7x11=77
=8x77=616
The LCM of 56 and 88 is 616.
3) 16, 36 and 40

Factors of 16=2x2x2x2
Factors of 36=2x2x3x3
Factors of 40=2x2x2x5
Product of common factors=2x2x2=8
Product of uncommon factors=2x3x3x5=40
=8x40=98

CALCULATING THE LCM OF FOUR

NUMBERS UPTO 2 DIGITS WITH
THE
HELP
OF
PRIME
FACTORIZATION METHOD:
EXAMPLE 1:
Using prime factorization find the LCM of 80,
70, 60 and 50.
Factors of 80=2x2x2x2x5
Factors of 70=2x5x7
Factors of 60=2x2x3x5
Factors of 50=2x5x5
Product of common factors=2x2x5=20
Product of uncommon factors=2x2x3x5x7=420

=20x420=84
00

EXAMPLE 2:
Using prime factorization find the LCM of 14,
16, 18 and 20.
Factors of 14=2x7
Factors of 16=2x2x2x2
Factors of 18=2x3x3
Factors of 20=2x2x5
Product of common factors=2x2=4
Product
of
factors=2x2x3x3x5x7=1260

uncommon
=4x12

EXERCISE 2.3
Using prime factorization find the
LCM of the following:
1) 25, 55 and 75
12 and 19
4) 18, 21, 27 and 30
40 and 44

2) 32, 46 and 78

3) 10,
5) 32, 36,

6) 18, 30, 42 and 54

20 and 24

7) 16, 18,

8) 66, 55, 44 and 33

52 and 42

9) 72, 62,

CALCULATING
THE
LCM
OF
NUMBERS UP TO 2 DIGITS WITH
THE HELP OF DIVISION METHOD:
EXAMPLE 1:
With the help of division method find the LCM
of 40, 68 and 70.
2

40, 68,

20, 34,

10, 17,

70
36
18
3

5, 17, 9

5, 17, 3

5, 17, 1

17 1, 17, 1

1, 1, 1
LCM=2x2x2x3x3x5x17=6120

EXAMPLE 2:
With the help of division method find the LCM
of 32, 46 and 54.
2 32, 46, 54
2 16, 23, 27
2

8, 23, 27

4, 23, 27

2, 23, 27

1, 23, 27

1, 23, 9

1, 23, 3

23

1, 23, 1
1, 1, 1

LCM=2x2x2x2x2x3x3x3x23=19872

EXAMPLE 3:
With the help of division method find the LCM
of 18, 20, 50 and 96.

2 18, 20, 50,

96
2

9, 10, 25,

48
2

9, 5, 25,

9, 5, 25,

9, 5, 25,

9, 5, 25,

3, 5, 25,

1, 5, 25,

24
12
6
3
1
1
5

1, 1, 5, 1
1, 1, 1,

1
LCM=2x2x2x2x2x3x3x5x5=7200

EXERCISE 2.4

Using division method, find the

LCM of the following:
1) 14, 15 and 16
56 and 63

2) 25,

3) 27, 68 and 92
72, 88 and 93

4) 30,

5) 33, 56, 65 and 81

46, 56 and 66

6) 36,

7) 50, 55, 60 and 65

22, 32 and 42

8) 12,

9) 38, 45, 56 and 63

35, 40 and 55

10) 27,

11) 39, 50, 63 and 77

54, 74 and 94

12) 14,

WORD
PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE 1:
Find the least number of chocolates required to
make stacks of 4, 16, and 10 chocolates.
SOLUTION:
2

4, 16, 10

2, 8, 5

1, 4, 5

1, 2, 5

1, 1, 5
1, 1, 1

LCM=2x2x2x2x5=80

Therefore, the least number of chocolates=80

EXAMPLE 2:
There are 24 and 38 candies which are to be
packed. How much maximum number of
candies will have to be packed in each packet
of candies to get packets of equal number?
SOLUTION:
Factors of 24=2x2x2x3
Factors of 38=2x19
Common factor=2
HCF=2
Therefore,
candies=2

the

maximum

numbers

of

EXERCISE 2.5
1) What is the least number of books
distributed among 25, 30 and 35 students so
that no book is left?

2) There is 42 and 58 number of people to

stand in groups. How maximum number of

people will have to stand equally in each

group?

3) There are 6, 12 and 18 bottles to be filled

with water. How many liters of water is required
to fill all the bottles?

4) There are 24 and 36 pencils to be distributed

among students. How many more number of
students are required so that all pencils are
distributed equally in each student?

5) Two bells rang at an interval of 30 and 40

minutes. If the bells rang together at 4 am then
at what time will they next ring together?

THINKING ACTIVIES
THINKING ACTIVITY 1:
Product of two numbers=LCM x HCF
Product of n numbers=LCM of n numbers x HCF of
n numbers

Take two numbers and show that the product of

the two numbers is equal to the product of
their HCF and LCM.

THINKING ACTIVITY 2:

is the highest 3 digit number which is exactly divisible by 3, 5, 6

THINKING ACTIVITY 3:
hat is the greatest number which exactly divides 110, 154 and 2

RE
1) 30,
40 and 50
2) 16, 18
VIE
and 20
3) 34, 42, 56 and 66
W
Q2) Using division method, find the HCF of the
following:
EXE
1) 48, 60 and 75
2) 18, 24
and
32
RCIS
3) 33, 66 and 99
E
Q1) Using prime factorization, find the HCF of
the following:

Q3) Using prime factorization, find the LCM of

the following:
1) 22, 44, 66 and 88
and 40

2) 30, 35

3) 12, 14, 16 and 18

Q4) Using division method, find the LCM of the
following:
1) 20, 22, 26 and 28
and 90

2) 70, 80

3) 32, 40, 28 and 56

Q5) Find the least number of chocolates
required to make stacks of 4, 16 and 10
chocolates.
Q6) there are 6, 12 and 18 bottles which are to
be filled with water. How many liters of water is
required to fill all the bottles?

QUESTIONS
Q) Fill in the blanks:
1) HCF stands for
2) LCM of 15 and 20 is
3) LCM is the number which is the
of two or more numbers.

4) To express a composite number as the

product of two or more prime numbers or prime
factors of that number is called
5) HCF of 30 and 35 is
6) Factors of 12 are
7) LCM stands for
8) LCM of 12 and 14 is

K
EY
HCF stands for highest Common Factor. It is
the largest number with which if the given
two POI
or more numbers are divided then the
remainder will always be zero.
HCF
and LCM are calculated by two
NTS
methods:
Prime Factorization
Division method
To express a composite number as the
product of two or more prime numbers or

prime factors of that number is called prime

factorization.
LCM stands for Least Common Multiple.
LCM is the number which is the smallest
common multiple of two or more numbers.

A
NSW
EXERCISE 2.1:
1) 7
2) 11
ERS
5) 21
6) 11

7) 2

3) 6
8) 3

4) 2
9) 10

EXERCISE 2.2:
1) 2
5) 2
6) 9

2) 33
7) 13

3) 3
8) 17

4) 24
9) 18

EXERCISE 2.3:
1) 825
3) 240
4) 1995
1890

2) 1088
5)15840

6)

7) 1564
9) 203112

8) 660

EXERCISE 2.4:
1) 1680
3) 42228

2) 12600

4) 122766
127512

5)3243240

6)

7) 42900
9) 47880

8) 7392

10) 83160
12) 657342

11) 450450

EXERCISE 2.5:
1) 1050
36 liters

2) 2

3)

4) 12

5) 6am

REVIEW EXERCISE:
Q1)
2

1) 10

2) 2

3)

Q2)
33

1) 3

2) 2

3)

Q3)
6048

1) 528

2) 1680

3)

Q4)
1120

1) 20020
Q5) 80

Blanks)

2) 5040
Q6) 36

1) Highest Common Factor

2) 60
3) Smallest Common Multiple
4) Prime factorization
5) 5

6) 2, 2, 3

7) Least Common Multiple

Chapter 3

8) 84

Unitary
Method

3)

AFTER THE INSTRUCTION

STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO

Define unitary method.

Memorize the concept of unitary method.
Explain unitary method.

Recall how to use the value of one object to

calculate the value of similar objects.
Recall how to use the value of given
number of same type of objects to find the
value of another number of same type of
objects.
Calculate the value of similar objects when
the value of one object is given.
Calculate the value of another number of
same type of objects when the value of
given number of same type of objects is
given.

UNITARY
METHOD

Unitary Method is the method in which the

value of a single or unit object is used to find or
calculate the number of similar objects.

6.1 USE THE VALUE OF ONE

OBJECT TO CALCULATE THE
VALUE OF SIMILAR OBJECTS:
Such as:
If the price of one ball is 10 rupees then the
price of 5 balls will be 50 i.e.
Price of one ball=Rupees 10
Price of 5 such balls=Rupees 10 x 5=Rupees 50

EXAMPLE 1:
The cost of one ring is Rupees 250. What is the
cost of 2 such rings?
Cost of one ring=Rupees 250
Cost of 2 such rings=Rupees 250 x 2=Rupees
500

EXAMPLE 2:

The price of a watch is Rupees 3000. What

would be the price of 3 such watches?
Price of one watch=Rupees 3000
Price of 3 such watches=Rupees 3000 x
3=Rupees 9000

EXAMPLE 3:
The cost of a bag is Rupees 800. What would
be the cost of 2 such bags?
Cost of one bag=Rupees 800
Cost of 2 such bags=Rupees 800 x 2=Rupees
1600

6.2 USE THE VALUE OF GIVEN

NUMBER OF SAME OBJECTS
TO FIND THE VALUE OF
ANOTHER NUMBER OF SAME
TYPE OF GIVEN OBJECTS:
Such as:
The total cost of 2 books is Rupees 300. If we
buy 3 such books we will have to pay four
hundred and fifty rupees.
Cost of 2 books=Rupees 300
Cost of 1 such book=Rupees 300 2=Rupees
150
Therefore, the cost of 3 such books=Rupees
150 x 3
=Rupees 450

EXAMPLE 1:
The price of 10 shirts is Rupees 1000. What
would be the price of 15 such shirts?
Price of 10 shirts=Rupees 2000

Price of 1 such shirt=Rupees 2000

10=Rupees 200
Price of 15 such shirts=Rupees 200 x
15=Rupees 3000

EXAMPLE 2:
The amount of water in 4 bottles is 12 liters.
What would be the amount of water in 6
bottles?
Amount of water in 4 bottles=12 liters
Amount of water in 1 bottle=12 liters 2=3
liters
Amount of water in 6 such bottles=3 liters x
6=18 liters

EXERCISE 3.1
1) If 3 men ate 12 cupcakes. How many
cupcakes will be eaten by 6 men?
2) One compartment of a train has 24 seats.
How many seats are there in 10
compartments?

3) 4 students have 24 books. How many books

does each student have?

4) Ali paid an electricity bill of rupees 240000 in

one year. How much bill he paid per month?

5) Aleena did her homework of 50 pages in 2

hours. How much hours will it take to complete
the homework of 150 pages?

6) There are 90 students in 3 classes. How

many students are there in 5 classes?

7) A man ran 36 kilometers in 2 hour. How

much distance will he cover in 5 hours?
8) The cost of a dozen mangoes is Rupees 60.
What would be the cost of 8 mangoes?

ACTIVITIES

RE
VIE
W
EXE
RCIS
E

ach group. Then ask the students to writ

ACTIVITY 2:

eggs and then find the price of each single egg. Do similar activi

ACTIVITY 1:

Q1) the rent of a house is 5000 for a month.

What would be the rent of the house for a year?
Q2) the cost of 10 shirts is Rupees 2000. What
would be the cost of 15 such shirts?
Q3) the price of 12 packs of chips is 180. Find
the price of 20 such packets.

Q4) there are 90 students in 3 classes. How

many students are there in 5 classes?
Q5) the price of one chocolate is Rupees 15.
What would be the cost of 5 such chocolates?

QUESTIONS
Q6) MCQs:
1) If 3 men ate 12 cupcakes. How many
cupcakes will be eaten by 6 men?
a) 18
c) 36

b) 24
d) 72

2) If the price of one ball is Rupees 10. What

would be the price of 5 such balls?
a) 55
c) 50

b) 15

d) 105
3) Ali reads 14 pages of a book in 2 days. How
many pages will he read in 20 days?
a) 140
c) 28

b) 40
d) 120

4) A man ran 36 km in 2 hours. How much

distance will he cover in 5 hours?
a) 86 km
c) 10 km

b) 50 km
d) 90 km

5) The price of 1 glass is Rupees 50. What

would be the price of 6 such glasses?
a) Rupees 300
Rupees 320

b) Rupees 350

c)

d) Rupees 340
6) The total cost of 2 books is Rupees 300. If we
buy 3 such books how much do we have to
pay?
a) Rupees 600
Rupees 900

b) Rupees 450
d) Rupees 650

c)

K
Value of a single object can be used to find
Ethe value of similar objects.
Unitary method is a method in which the
of a single or unit object is used to
Yvalue
find or calculate the number of similar
objects.
We can use the value of a single object to
calculate the value of similar objects
similarly we can also use the value of given
number of same objects to find the value of
another number of same type of given
objects.

P
O
I
N
T
S

Answers
1) 24
4) 20,000

2) 240

5) 3750
8) 40

6) 150

3) 6
7) 90

REVIEW EXERCISE:
Q1) 60,000
Q3) Rupees 300

MCQs)

Q2) 3000

Q4) 150 students

Q5) Rupees 75

1) b

3) a

4) d

2) b
5) a

6) b

Unitary
method

After studying this unit , the

the students will be able to :

Describe the concept of unitary method.

Define ratio of two numbers.
Define and identify direct and inverse method.
Solve real life problems with help of unitary
method.

Direct and Inverse proportion

Ratio
A ratio is relationship between two quantities f the
same kind. The ratio of the two quantities a and b
(b is not equal to 0)and read as a is to b .a:b is
also written as a/b.
Proportion
If a:b and c:d are two ratios , then the proportion
between these two ratios is written as:
a:b::c:d or a:b=c:d

Example
X:6::70:14
x/6=70/14
x=70/14.6

Exercise no. 3.2

6.2

x=30ans

1. The price of 100 bags is RS. 3000. What would

be the price of 40 bags?
2. What is the value of x in the proportion
10:20::4:x?
3. The price of 20 toy cars is 600.How many cars
can be purchased for RS.1200?
4. A motor cycle covers 100kmiin 4 liters of petrol
.In how many liters of petrol will it
cover250km?
5. 6 men can paint a house in 4 days. How would
it take to paint the house by 12 men?
6. The price of 20 pens in Rs. 2000. What will be
the price of 40 such pens?

Solution
Fraction

Ex no. 3.1
1. 1
2. 9/4
3. 3/7
4. 15/8
5. 4/5
Question no. 2
1. 5/2
2. 5/2
3. 2/3
4. 3/2
5. 4
Question no. 3
1. 1
2. -2
3. 1
4. 2
5. -5/7
6. -4/3

Ex no 3.2
1. 1 11/18
2. 33/45
3. 13/15

4. 1
5. 2 13/15
6. 3
7. 13/18
8. 1 1/11
9. 1 5/42
Ex no. 3.3
1. 1/3
2. -1/42
3. 1 15/36
4. 13/25
5.
6. 5/8
7. 1
8. -1 13/21
9. -4/21
Ex no. 3.4
1. 1 1/3
2. 2/3
3. 1 3/5
4. 1 2/3
5. 1 1/3
6. 16
7. 1 7/2
8. 1 3/8
9. 3
Ex no. 3.5
1. 3/8
2.

3. 1 1/6
4. 4/21
5. 14
6. 5 4/7
7. 8/21
8. 1
9. 14

Ex no 3.6
1. 1/9
2. 6
3. 9/4
4. 1/8
5. 89 2/7
6. 3 59/60
Ex no. 3.8
1. 5796
2. 230.4
3. 1550
4. 99/4
5. 40
6. 60
7. 72
Ex no. 3.9
1. 1/9
2. 1/9
3. 1/3
4. 1 1/3

5. 1
6. 4/9
7. 1/8
8. 1/35
9. 1/12
10. 1/6
11. 1/88
12. 31/5
13. 16/25
Ex no. 3.10
1. 6/25
2. 2 2/9
3. 6/35
4. 36/175
5. 4
6. 8/9
7. 1 1/3
8. 9/20
9. 8/9
10. 25/2592
11. 1 9/2
12. 4 4/ 17
13. 1/12
14. 2 1/6
Ex no 3.11
1. 6
2. 24 1/3
3. 1 hour 15 min
4. 24
5. 1/45

6. 5 11/15
Ex no. 3.12
1. 11/50
2. 1 1/19
3. 3 213/24
4. 48
5. 1 4/5
6. 137 1/12
7. 63
8. 28/225
9. 48
10. 31

Unitary Method
1. 1200
2. 8
3. 40
4. 10km
5. 2days
7500

Chapter 4

Fraction

Specific Objectives:
In this chapter we will study and will be able to solve:
1. What is the Fraction.
2. A definition of fraction.
3. Addition and subtraction of the Fraction with the same
denominator.
4. Addition and subtraction of different denominator.
5. How to solve the Fraction with the help of a diagram.
6. Multiplication of the Fractions.
7. How to solve the mix Fraction
8. Solution of Fraction involving brackets.
9. Verification of Communicative Law and associative Law of
Fraction.
10.
Problem involving Fraction.
11.
Division of Fraction.
12.
Application of Fraction in real life.
13.
use BODMAS rule.

Definition of Fraction

AoSashncudembfitr

A numerical quantity in the form of a/b, b=0 is called Fraction.

ItE x i as m r e p a ld e a s o n e w h o l e n u m t h r e e o v e r t w o

Examples of Fraction
having same denominator

2/6, 5/6, 3/6, 11/6

Denominator is same(6)
2/5, 9/5, 6/5, 3/5
Denominator is same (5)

Examples

Solve

1. 1/4+3/4
=

1+3
4

=4/4 =1ans.

2.2=4

2. 1/6+2/6+3/6
1/6+2/6+3/6

2.3=6

= 1+2+3
6
=6/6 =1ans
3.

3 1/3 ,2/3, 4/3

1/3,2/3,4/3 3.1=3 = 1+2+4

3

Exercise no. 4.1

Add the following:

1. 1/2, 1/2.
2. 3/4 ,6/4.
3. 1/7 ,2/7
4. 6/8 ,9/8
5. 3/5 ,1/5

Solve the following:

1. 1/2 ,3/2 , 1/2

=7/3ans

2. 3/4, 1/4, 6/4

3. 2/9 , 3/9, 1/9
4. 3/6 , 2/6 ,4/6
5. 6/3 ,9/3 , 2/3

Solve the following:

1. 1/2 2/2 +3/2
2. 3/2 -6/2 1/2
3. 3/4- 1/4 + 2/4
4. 1/5 + 2/5 +3/5
5. 2/7 -1/7- 6/7
6. -1/6 -3/6 -4/6

Addition and Subtraction of different

denominator

Examples

1.
1/3 + 1/4
LCM
3.4=12
=

4+3
12

= 7/12 ans

5/3+ 2/7
LCM

2.

3.7=21
=

35+21
21

= 56/21

2 2/3ans

3. 1/4 -1/2
LCM
2.2=4
=

1-2
4

=-1/4 ans

4. 3/6 -4/2
LCM
2.3=6
= 3-12
6
= 9/6

3/2 ans

Exercise no. 4.2

Solve
1. 1/9+ 3/6+3/2
2. 2/15+1/9+2/5
3. 1/5+1/6+1/2
4. 3/5+2/5+3/4
5. 3/6+1/5+7/2
6. 1/6+5/2+3/4
7. 2/9+1/6+1/3
8. 2/6+1/4+1/3
9. 1/6+2/3+3/7

Subtraction of two and more

Fractions with different denominator

Examples

1. 6/9-1/2
LCM
3.3.2=18
=

12-9
18

=3/18
=1/6 ans

2. 6/3-1/2
LCM
3.2=6
= 12-6
6

=1ans

Exercise no. 4.3

Solve
1. 19/21-4/7
2. 25/30-6/7
3. 6/3-3/12-2/6
4. 23/25-3/15-1/5
5. 1/2-3/6-7/4
6. 5/6-1/8-1/12
7. 7/2-6/3-2/4
8. 1/6-2/7-3/2
9. 1/6-2/7-3/1
Multiply
a Fraction

by a number
with the help of diagram

Example

1/2

2/4

3/4

4/4

Use the diagram to solve the following:

1/4.3

Examples

Solve the
following

1.8.3/6
3.8/6 = 24/6
=4ans
2.2/9.3
2.3/9 =6/9

2/3ans

Solve

1. 2/6.4
2. 3/9.2
3. 8/15.3
4. 2/6.5
5. 6/3.2
6. 4/2.8
7. 5/2.3
8. 5.5/8
9. 3/7.7

Multiplying a Fraction by another

form

Solution

1. 5/2.6/3
5.6/2.3 =30/6

=5ans

2. 3/4.2/7
3.2/4.7

=6/28

Exercise no 4.5

=3/14ans

Solve
1. 3/2.1/4
2. 6/3.1/4
3. 7/9.3/2
4. 4/7.2/6
5. 3/7.1/6
6. 6/7.11/2
7. 16/21.3/6
8. 3/2.2.3
9. 14/3.6/2

Multiplying two or more Fraction

involving brackets

Examples

1.(1/2.6/4).5/4

2. (4/2.6/3).1/6

= (1/2.6/4).5/4

= (4.6/3).1/6

= (1.3/4).5/4

= 8.1/6

= 3/4.5/4
= 15/16ans

Exercise no. 4.6

Solve
1. 1/4.3/2.2/7
2. 2/4.6/1.4/2

= 8/6
= 1 1/3ans

3. 2/8.6/1.3/2
4. 3/2.4/8.1/6
5. (1 3/2.2. 6/7).2 5/2
6. (1 1/12. 3 .5/7). 2 1/5

Distributive Laws
1. 1/3(2/5+3/4)=(1/3.2/5)+(1/3.3/4)
LHS
1/3(2/5+3/4)
Show
that

1/3(8+15/20)

RHS
=(1/3.2/5)+(1/3.3/4)
= (2/15+3/12)

1/3(23/20)
23/60

=23/60 ans

2.

2 4/2.6/2.5/6
= 8/2.6/2.5/6

8/2=(8/2.6/4)+(8/2.5/6)

.
(3/4+5/6)=(1/2.3/4)+(1/2+
5/6)
3.

=12+20/6

(9+10/12)=(3/8+5/12)

=32/6

19/24 =9+10/24

2 5/6ans

19/24 =19/24ans

Exercise no. 4.7

Verify Distributive Law

1. 3/5(1/2+2/7)=(3/5.1/2)+(3/5.2/7)
2. 16/3(9/2+8/9)=(16/5.9/2)+(16/5.8/9)
3. 1/2(3/4+5/6)=(1/2.3/4)+(1/2.5/6)
4. 4/2(2/3-3/6)=(4/2.2/3)-(4/2.3/6)
5. 16/2(9/2.-8/9)=(16/2.9/2)-(16/2.8/9)
6. 2/4(9/2+8/9)=(2/4.9/2)+(2/4+8/9)

Solve the real life problems involving

Multiplication of Fraction

1.Cost of 1 kg sugar is RS.60.Find the cost of 15 kg

sugar.
Cost of 1 kg sugar=RS.60

(15 31/2)

Cost of 15 1/2 kg sugar=RS. 60.31/2

Examples

=60.31/2
=930ans

2.There are 25 students in the class.3/5 of the

students are boys. How many are girls?
Total num of st=25

Num of the boys=3/5 of 25

=3/5.25=15
Num of girls=25-15 =10ans

1.The cost of a Mathematic book is RS. 92.Find the

cost of 63 such books?
2.The cost of 1 meter cloth is RS. 16 .Find the cost of
14 2/5 meter of cloth?
3.The cost of
1 liter
Exercise
no.
4.8petrol is RS.100.Find the cost of 15
liter of petrol?
4.Anum can walk 4 3/2 km in a hour. How much
distance will she covered in 4 hour?
5. The capacity of a parking place is about 200
cars.4/5 of the parking place is full at a particular
time. How many cars can be parked at a

Parked at a time?
6. A race car covers 1300 km in an hour How
much distance will it cover in 4 5/6 hour?
7. a bag can hold 108 kg sugar. How much sugar
will be in the bag when it is filled 6/9?
7.

Divide a Fraction by a number

Examples

1.12/3 /6

2. 3/8 /9/4

=12/3 . 1/6

= 3/8.4/9

=2/3ans

= 1/6ans

3/
=1/4.2/1 =1/2ans

Exercise no. 4.9

1. 1/3 /3
2.2/6 / 3
3.4/3 / 8
4.8/2 / 3
5.6/2 / 3
6.8/9 / 2
7. / 6
8.5/7 25
9.11/6 / 22

10. 6/12 / 3
11. 9/11 / 72
12. 62/5 / 2
13. 6/77 / 11
14. 6/25 /5

Divided a Fraction by another

Fraction

Same method is used in case of division of a

Fraction by another Fraction.

Solve
1.36/5 / 9/2

2. 2/8 / 2/3

=36/5 / 2/9

=2/8 / 3/2

=24/155

=3/8ans

1 3/5ans

Exercise no. 4.10

1.6/15 / 5/2
2.10/6 /
3.6/7 / 5/1
4.36/70 / 5/2
5.8/4 /
6.36/25 / 2/5
7.12/6 / 5/2
8.18/16 / 5/2
9.8/3 / 6/2

10. 25/36 / 72/1

11. 85/6 / 5/3
12. 12/17 / 1/6
13. 3/6 / 12/2
14. 8/4 / 3/2

Solve real life problem involving

division of Fraction

Examples

A rope of length 37 m s to be cut into pieces each of

length 2 . How many pieces can be made?
Num of pieces=37 = 75/ 2
= 5/2
75/2 / 5/2

=15ans

1.Asma can iron 10 shirts in 60 min. How long will

she take to iron one shirt?
2.A jug contains 3 liters milk. How many jugs are
Exercise
no. 4.11
required to hold 24 liter milk?
3.A student takes 5 minutes to solve a problem.
How much time will he take to solve 15
question?
4.One cahpati takes 3 min to cook.How many
time 8 chapati will take to cook?
5.Iqra can read 30 pages of a book in 2/3 of an
hour. How many minutes does she take to read
one page?
6. Zainab walks 3/10km to the bus stop. Then she
takes a bus to ride 5 1/3km followed by a walk
of 1/10km. What is the distance of her school
from home?

requir

Use of BODMAS Rule

As we know that
BODMAS stands for
Brackets, Division,
Multiplication,
Addition and
Subtraction.

1. 1 +{(4 2/3 / 2)-2/3}

=10/3

=5/3+{(14/3 / 2/1)-2/3}

= 3 1/3ans

=5/3+{(14/3 / )-2/3}
=5/3+{7/3-2/3}
=5/3+{7-2/3}
=5/3{5/3}
=5/3

Exercise no. 4.12

1. (1/2+ 3/5)/ 5/2

-(5/6+1/3)}]
2.(1/3+1/2)/ (2/3.1/8)
3/5+1 ).5}
3.1 (4/9+2/3)/(1 1/5. )
4.24+[3.{10 -(5/6/1/3)}]
5.1 2/4 (4/3+2/3)/ 1 1/5 .1/2)
6.(1 .2 2/3).(3 1/3+2. )
7.20+[5.{9-(1 2/3. 1/5)}]
8.

1/3.(1/3+3/5)/5/2

9. 24+[3.{10
10. 4 +{(3

Review Exercise

1.1/6+2/6+3/6
2.1/7+2/7+4/7
3.1/3+1/4
4.1/9+3/6+2/3
5.1/6+2/3+3/7
6.19/21-4/7
7.25/30-6/7
8.1/6-2/7-3/1
9.8.3/6
10. 2/6.4

Verify Distributive Law

11./3(2/5+3/4)=(1/3.2/5)+(1/3.3/4)
12.s(3/4+5/6)=(1/2.3/4)+(1/2+5/6)

1.1/6+2/6+3/6=

MCQS

a) 2 b)1

c)4

d)5

2.1/3+2/3+4/3=
a) 4/5
b)2/7 c) 7/3 d)3
3.1/13-6/13+5/13=
a) -23 b) -10/13 c)23 d)5/7
4.7/2-6/3-2/4
a)12/3 b)1 c)23 d)3
5. 3/4+3/4+3/4=
a) 3

b) 2 c) 4 d)6

6. 8/15.3=
a) 34 b)25 c)1 2/3 d) 76
7. 3/7.7=
a)45 b)78

c)3

d)9

8. 3/2.2/3=
a)2 b)2

c) 4

d)1

9. 16/21.3/6=
a)8/21

b)4 c)98

d)34

10. 6/3.2= a)2 b)1

c)23

d)67

Fill in the blanks

1.By adding Fraction wit different
denominators, we change these Fraction
with
Denominator.
2.

In subtraction of Fraction we find

Fraction with their LCM as

3. We find common denominator which is divided by
all the original
4. BODMAS Rule stands for
5. find the LCM 2/6+1/4+1/8

Summary

1. To add Fractions with different denominators first we

change these Fractions equivalent Fraction with the same
denominators.
2. To add two and more than two Fraction we need to find a
common denominators which is divisible by all the original
denominators.
3. To subtract Fraction with different denominators we find
equivalent Fraction with LCM as small denominator.
4. To subtract more than two Fraction we need to a common
denominator which is divisible by all the original
denominators.
5. Two multiply a Fraction by a whole number multiply the
numerator by the whole number and keep the denominator
as it is.
6. To multiply one Fraction by another Fraction , multiply the
numerators with numerators and the denominators with
denominators.
7. We can some times simplify a product by cancelling the
common Fraction.
8. To multiply more than two Fractional numbers we multiply
their numerators to get numerator and multiply the
denominators to get the denominator of the require
product.
9. To divide a Fraction by a non-zero whole number, we
multiply the Fraction by the reciprocal of the whole
number.
10.

BODMAS stands for brackets, addition, subtraction,

multiplication and division.

Chapter:
5

Author:
Hafsa
Tahir
2011-1436

After studying this chapter, student will be able to

Instructional
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.

Perform addition & subtraction.

Multiply diverse levels of decimals.
Renovate decimals into fractions and vice versa
Round off decimal numbers.
5. Distinguish similar and dissimilar decimals.

4.1 Decimals

Any number containing a useful component specified by a decimal

position is known as a decimal number or decimal.
Lets suppose a number that is 2345 and in this we look at the value of the
place of every digit.
Thousands
2

Hundreds
3

Tens
4

The value of every place is 1/10th of each place to the left.

Ones
5

Now we look at example in decimal figures. E.g., 23.234

Tens

Ones

Decimal

Tenths

Hundredth
s

Thousandth
s

The decimal point disconnects the whole number part from the fractional
part.
So that according to above definition of Decimal it is shown that
Every number containing a useful component specified by a
decimal position

Examples:3.2
133.2
123.32
902.2
1.234
These are examples of decimal numbers.

If a number consists of just

one decimal part or a whole
number part, then we obtain
zero as whole number part
or decimal part.

Examples:
1) .34=0.34
2) .23=0.23
3) .982=0.982

4.1.1 Add and

Subtract
AddingDecimals
Decimals
To add decimals we put in writing the figures one underneath the supplementary, so that the decimal points are in row.

Examp
les
Solve it.
a. 23.67+5.9

b. 32.9 + 0.223

Solution

Solution

23.67

32.9

+5.9

+0.223

29.57

33.123

Exercise
5.1

Solve.
1. 32.2 + 9.21
2. 23.4 + 22.23
3. 562.28 + 7.283
4. 5.22 + 28.23
5. 2.113 + 83.22
6. 0.998 + 9.293
7. 78.393 + 2.39
8. 22.90 + 0.998
9. 3.90 + 23.765
10. 24.22 + 0.876

Subtracting
Decimals
Although subtracting decimals, be cautious to line up the decimal
points. Then we carry out subtraction as typical.

Examp
les
Solve it.
i.

76.23 6.98

ii.

93.29 2.983

76.23

93.2900

- 6.98

-2.9837

90.3027
69.28
We add zeros at the end if the other number have more digits than
previous one.

Exercise

Solve it.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.7 3.8
0.82 0.43
28.12 14.23
4.12 1.1
10.25 1.165
1.1157 1.1113
8.4 1.04
5.7 1.234

5.1.2 Like and

Unlike
Decimals

We identify that 2/9, 3/9, 4/9, 7/9 are like fractions, as all these are having
the similar denominators.
2/3, 4/9, 7/8, 1/7 are unlike fractions, as they are having diverse
denominators.
Equivalent fractions are also unlike fractions, just like 1/3 and 3/9 are
equivalent fractions but they are unlike fractions.
Unlike fractions may or may not be equivalent fractions. Mean it considers
both conditions.

5.1.3 Multiplying decimals by 10,

100 and 1000

Now there we do that how to multiply decimals with 10, 100 and 1000.
Look at the certain examples. Become aware of the example shown.
1. 0.00098 10 = 0.0098
2. 0.00098 100 = 0. 098
3. 0.00098 1000 = 0.98
Multiplication by 10 transfers the decimal position 1 place toward right.
Multiplication by 100 transfers the decimal position 2 places toward right.
Multiplication by 1000 transfers the decimal position 3 places toward
right.

We can load the vacant gap by zeros

1. 3.8 10 = 38.0 = 38
2. 3.8 100 = 380.0 = 380
3. 3.8 1000 = 3800.0 = 3800

Exercise 5.3

Solve it.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1.05 10
2.15 10
2.1 100
52 10
10.53 100
35.16 1000

7. 12 10
8. 0.125 10

4.1.4 Dividing decimals by

10, 100, 1000
In previous exercise, we have done the multiplication with 10, 100 and
1000. Now we have done a division with all these same terms.
For this purpose, look at following examples.
1. 4.2 10 = 0.42
2. 4.2 100 = 0.042
3. 4.2 1000 = 0.0042
If we divide the number 10 it shifts decimal point towards left by 1 place.
If we divide the number 100 it shifts decimal point towards left by 2
places.
If we divide the number 1000 it shifts decimal point towards left by 3
places.

Exercise 5.4

Solve these.
1. 1.5 10
2. 120 100
3. 13.4 1000
4. 4.24 100
5. 7.9 10
6. 67 100
7. 765 100
8. 29.1 1000
9. 9.872 100
10.
65.99 10

5.1.5 Multiply and divide a decimal by a

whole number

We had seen the multiplication and division of decimals with 10, 100
and 1000. Now let us do all these multiplication and division with
whole number.

Multiplication of a decimal with a whole number

When we multiply a decimal by a whole number, there are as many
decimal places in the product as there are in the decimals.
Let see some examples to clear the concept of it.
1. 0.2 3 = 3.2
2. 9.33 5 = 46.65
3. 0.008 4 = 0.032

Division of a decimal with a whole number

We can divide a decimal with the whole number in simple way which is
usually used. But it should be necessary that all the decimal points come in
a line.

Examples:

Solve:
a. 4.8 5
Solution:
3.2
3

9.6
-9
06
6
0

4.8 5 = 3.2

Exercise 5.5
1.Solve these by multiplication.
1. 0.9 3
2. 2.33 8
3. 0.78 5
4. 999.2 7
5. 29.3 12
2. Solve these by division.
1. 0.94 9
2. 9.78 8
3. 83.73 2
4. 93.9 6
5. 4.12 6

5.1.6 Multiply and Divide a decimal with

a decimal
Multiplication of decimal by a decimal:
We can multiply a decimal with a decimal by the same process as that is in
whole numbers.
For further understanding let see some of the examples.

Example:
Multiply 3.24 9.8
Solution
324
98
2592
2916
5508
Number of decimal places in 3.24 is 2 and in other 9.8 is also 1 so that
total decimal places are 3.
As 2 + 1 = 3

So that answer is 5.508.

Division of decimal by a decimal:

We can divide a decimal by a decimal by converting it in fraction.
To understand it clearly let us do an example.

Example:
Solve 1.69 1.3
Solution
1.69 1.3= 1.69 1/1.3
= 169/100 10/13
= 13/10
= 1.3
Therefore, 1.69 1.3 = 1.3

Exercise 5.6
1. Solve.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

3.29 3.2
0.234 4.2
98.22 9.8
798.3 9.23
3.98 9.87

2. Solve.
1.
2.
3.
4.

32.908 8.3
0.8983 44.5
9.87 5.7
22.98 9.83

5. 982.34 5.94

5.1.7 Simplifying decimal

terms concerning brackets

We can simplify the decimal terms involving in brackets. We solve it step

by step. In this we solve first of all small bracket then it comes curly
bracket and then large bracket will be solved. While simplifying it, we will
have to take great care in placing decimal points.

Example:
Solve: 2.9 - [6.8 + {2.2 (78.9 3.89)}]
= 2.9 - [6.8 + {2.2 306.921}]
= 2.9 - [6.8 + 0.00717]
= 2.9 - 6.80717
= -3.90717

Exercise 5.7

Solve.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

5.4 - [8.762 + (92.8 4.22)]

3.9 + [1.876 + {5.2 + (78.9 3.89) }]
{2.8 (3.99 8.9) }h
[7.7 + {3.99 - (5.4 3.89) }]
4.9 - {8.9 + (4.3 7.98) }

5.1.8 Convert decimals to

fractions and vice versa

We have to convert decimals to fractions and convert fractions into

decimals.

Alter decimals to fraction:

We have to convert the decimal to fraction. For this purpose we
remove the point and write the value which comes after the removal of
decimal point as a denominator. If both numerator and denominator are go
at the same table. Then the value comes in fraction is the answer.
Let us understand it more clearly with the help of example.

Example:
Solve: 12.4

Solution:
12.4 = 124/10
= 62/5

It is in the lowest form.

Alter fractions into decimals:

For this purpose we have divide it completely and it converts into
decimals.
To understand it let us do an example.
Example:
Solve: 2/10
Solution:
2/10 = 0.2

Exercise 5.8

Convert the following decimals into fraction

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

0.89
9.7
0.77
3.7
0.006

Convert the following fractions into decimals.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6/7
5/9
5/100
45/10
35/1000

Activity

5.1.9 Solve real life

problems
In this, statements are given through which we have to justify it that what
operation has applied on it.

Let us understand it more clearly by the following example.

Example:
If the multiplication of two numbers are 5.43. If one number is 2.34 then
find the other number.
Solution:
Multiplication of two numbers = 5.43
One number = 2.34
Other number = 5.43 2.34
= 543/100 100/234
= 2.32051

Exercise

1. Fatima has 5.6 inches height while Arooj has 4.9 inches height. How
much there is difference in both of them height?
2. Ali and Musa bought 4.1 kg bananas and 2 kg bananas respectively.
Who bought more bananas? How much more bananas he bought?
3. Hadiqa has 3.8 liter petrol in her car. She has to go at khewra miles
and for these propose she needs 5 liter petrol. How much petrol she
needs to reach her destination.
4. Qaisar has 5.8 million dollars in his bank balance. He had purchased
the shares in 1.2 million dollars. How many money is remained in his
bank balance.
5. The price of dozen oranges is 20.3 rupees. Find the price of 60
oranges?

Percent is the value of any score or numbers from hundredth part of it.
Percentage is used to find the score of anything from hundred. Mostly it is
used to measure the scoring of the students.
The symbol of percentage is %.

5.2.1
Percentage as a
Fraction
When we have to find the percentage of any fraction we multiply it with
100. As the answer come is its percentage.
Example:

Change 3/9 into percentage.

= 3/9 100
= 33.34%
33% means 33 out of 100 i.e., 33/100
67% means 67 out of 100 i.e., 67/100
43% means 43 out of 100 i.e., 43/100

5.2.2 Convert a
percentage to a fraction
When we have a value in a percentage and we have to convert it into
fractions then we divide the percentage letter with 100. Then the operation
of division is done. The answer comes in the form of fraction.
Let us understand it with more details with the help of example.
Example
1. Convert 40% into fraction.
40/100 = 2/5
2. 56%
56% = 56/100
= 28/50 = 14/25

Activity:
Write some percentages of ur
own and convert it into
fractions.

5.2.3 Convert a
fraction into a
percentage
When we will have to convert a fraction into a percentage. We have to
multiply the fraction with 100 to convert into percentages.
Let us do some examples to understand it more appropriately.

Examples
Convert the following into percentage
a. 4/5
= 4/5 100
= 80%
b. 1/7
= 1/7 100
=14.28%
A fraction is converted into percentage
by multiplying it with 100

Exercise 5.10

1. Convert the following into fractions.

i.
34%
ii. 25%
iii. 87%
iv. 98%
v.
19%
2. Convert the following into percentages.
i.
5/10
ii. 7/20
iii.
32/70
iv. 12/80
v.
7/100

5.2.4 Convert a
percentage into a
decimal
If we have a percentage. We have to convert it into a decimal. We will
remove the percentage sign first. Then we divide it with 100. Then the
answer comes in decimals.
Let us consider it with some examples.
Examples

1. 33%
= 33/100
= 0.33
2. 45%
= 45/100
=0.45

A percentage sign is
replaced by 1/100

Convert a
decimal to
percentage
In order to convert a decimal into percentage we should have to multiply
this decimal with hundred.

Examples
1. 0.5100
=5/10 100
=50%
2. 1.2100
=12/10100
=120%

Percentage is the 1/100 part of a number

Exercise 5.11
1. Convert a following percentage into decimals
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

75%
65%
38%
45%
99%

2. Convert a following decimal into percentage

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

0.8
1.7
8.2
1.24
4.25

Activity
Interchange the following into percentages, decimals and
fractions.

Solve real life problems

relating percentages
In this statements are given, according to which we have to justify that
what the statement reflect. How we can solve it by applying varieties of
operations including percentage.

Examples:

1. If Ayan bought 50 oranges and 15 oranges become spoiled. How

much percentage of oranges will remain?
Solution:
Ayan bought oranges = 50 oranges
Oranges which spoiled = 15 oranges
Percentage of remaining oranges = 15/50 100
= 30%
2. Hamza has 200 cars if 20% cars are made of Japan then how many
cars will from Pakistan.
Solution:
Total cars hamza has = 200
How many made of Japan = 20% = 20/100
Pakistani cars are = 200 20/100
= 40 cars

Exercise 5.12

1. If 4/5 of the students in a school are present. What percentage of the

students is not present?
2. If 82% of the houses have refrigerator in their houses. What
percentage do not have refrigerator?
3. If 30% of the students in the school are boys. Then how many girls
are in the school. If total students are 75.
4. If a book consists of 30 pages. Arooj reads 20 pages. How many
percentage of pages will remains as unread.

Review Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks.

i. Any number containing a useful component specified by a
is called a decimal.
ii. A percentage sign is replaced by
iii.We can divide a decimal by a decimal by converting it in

iv. To convert decimal in a fraction it will be in its form.

v. The decimal point separates the whole number part from a
part.

2. Multiple Choices.
i.

ii.

If a number have only a whole part number then we take

decimal as
a. 1
c. 3
b. 0
d. 5
Like fractions are
a. 3/9,2/3
c. 2/3,6/9

iii.
iv.
v.

b. 4/9,8/9
9.6 3 =
a. 4.9
b. 2.3
Percent in the word of
a. Greek
b. Latin
60% is equal to
a. 60/100
b. 1/100

d. 7/7,8/8
c. 3.2
d. 5
c. Persian
d. English
c. 6/10
d. 3/5

3. Solve these.
i.
ii.
iii.

3.4 3.2
9.87 5.78
7.98 + 3.98

4. Solve the following.

i.
ii.

0.899 98.8
3.98 + 4.87

5. Convert the following into decimals and fractions.

i.
20%
ii. 65%
6. Convert the following into percentages and fractions.
i.
4.2
ii. 3.8

7. Convert the following into decimals and percentages.

i.
ii.
iii.

3/7
2/9
14/80

Answers Chapter: 5
Exercise 5.1
1. 41.41
2. 45.63
3. 569.563
4. 33.45
5. 85.333
6. 10.291
7. 80.783
8. 23.898
9. 27.665
10.
25.096

Exercise 5.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

5.9
0.39
13.89
3.02
9.085
0.0044
4.466

Exercise 5.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

10.5
21.5
210
520
1053
35160
120
1.25

Exercise 5.4
1. 0.15
2. 1.2
3. 0.0134

4. 0.0424
5. 0.79
6. 0.67
7. 7.65
8. 0.0291
9. 0.09872
10.
6.599

Exercise 5.5
1. 1. 2.7
2. 18.64
3. 3.9
4. 6994.4
5. 3501.6
2.1. 0.104
2.2. 1.2225
2.3. 401.86
2.4. 15.65
2.5. 0.686

Exercise 5.6
1. i.10.528
ii.0.9828
iii. 962.556
iv. 7368.309
v.
39.2826
2. i. 3.96482
ii. 0.02019
iii. 1.731
iv.
v.

2.33
165.378

Exercise 5.7
1. -394.978
2. 317.897

3. 12.6825
4. 85.4233
5. 38.314

Exercise 5.8
1. i. 89/100
ii, 97/10
iii. 77/100
iv. 37/10
v.
6/1000
2. i. 0.8571
ii, 0.5555
iii, 0.05
iv,4.5
v, 0.035

Exercise 5.9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

0.7
Ali,2.1
1.2
4.6 million dollar
4.06

Exercise 5.10
1. i.17/50
iii.
iv. 87/100
v.
49/50
vi. 19/100
2. i. 50%
ii. 35%
iii. 45%
iv. 15%
v.
07%

Exercise 5.11
1. i. 0.75
ii. 0.65
iii, 0.38
iv, 0.45
v, 0.99
2. i. 80
ii, 170
iii, 820
iv, 124
v, 425

Exercise 5.12
1.
2.
3.
4.

80%
18%
22%
67%

Review Exercise
1. i. decimal point

ii. 1/100

iii, fraction

v. deciaml

vi.
fractional
2. i. (b)
ii. (c)
iv, (b)
3. i. 10.88
vi. 1.70761
vii. 11.96
4. i. -97.901
ii. 8.85
5. i. 1/5, 0.2
ii. 13/20, 0.65
6. i. 420%, 21/5

iii. (b)
v. (d)

dentify different types of angles

alculate unknown angles
efine triangle and its types
onstruct adjacent angles
ecognize the kinds of quadrilateral (square, rectangle, parallelogram, rho
se protractor and compass to construct various types of triangles
se protractor to construct right angled triangle

In this chapter you will learn how to:

GEOMETRY
C

ii. 380%, 19/5

7. i. 0.428, 42%
ii.0.22, 22%
iii, 0.175, 17.5%

HERE MR. DONALD DUCK IS GOING TO

TEACH YOU ABOUT LINES, RAYS, LINE
SEGMENTS

LINES
A line is the path described by a moving point. It is a
straight path passing through two points and extends in
both directions forever. Here it is labeled as QR

RAYS

The diagram drawn below show parts of lines with only one
end-point and it always extend in one direction. We call
these rays.

The following diagram drawn above is ray EF.

Line segments
A straight line segment is formed when we use a ruler to
join two points, say. C and D.

We call the line segment CD or DC.

PLANE

A flat surface without boundaries,labeled by naming three

nonlinear points on the plane. Planes are of two types,

 Vertical plane
Horizontal plane

Our dear Mickey Miney is asking

that can you give the examples
of vertical plane and horizontal
plane?
Our Math book has answered
confidently that yes I can. The floor
of classroom is an example of a
horizontal plane and the wall of the
classroom is an example of vertical
plane

The given below is an example of plane GHI.

Parallel lines

Lines that lie on the same plane and never intersect,

labeled as

Perpendicular lines

Lines that intersect at a 90 angle, labeled as

Intersecting lines

The given below figure shows two lines AB and CD, on

the same plane having a common point X. We say that the
two intersect at X. So the point X is called as point of
intersection.
C
A
O

ANGLES

An angle is the space or distance between two

rays at the point at which they meet. The main point at
which they meet is known as vertex.

angle

The angle is called as angle AOB or angle BOA.

For your information
The system of naming angles was first
used
By the Babylonians (3000 2000 BC)

Explorations

How many different angles are given in the following

figure?

The use of protractor

By definition, one complete rotation about a point has an

angle of 360

In the above figure the picture of protractor is given. It

is showing with the blue line that the sum of all angles in a
protractor measures to 180. It is used to measure angles.
The angle of 60 has been measured in the above figure. To
measure an angle, place the protractor so that its center B
is at the vertex of the angle and its base BA along one side
of the angle. Note under which graduation the other side is
passing. Thus the following grade is
of 60.

Different kinds of
angles
c
ACute Angle
An acute angle is less than 90
O

OPQ is an acute angle

Right angle
A right angle is equal to 90. It is denoted by a square
inside the angle.

Obtuse angle
An obtuse angle is larger than 90 but less than 180

Complementary Angles
Two angles are called as complementary angles if their sum
is equal to 90. In the given below figure these are called as
complementary, because the sum of 40+ 50= 90

Supplementary Angles
Two angles are called as supplementary angles, if their sum
is equal to 180

1.

Identify the type of

angles give below in
the exercise

2.

Use a protractor to draw the following angles :

o
o
o
o
o

20
157
197
242
320