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Solving Triangles Via Trigonometry
Solving Triangles Via Trigonometry
solutions for the triangle, many students using the sine rule may easily forget
the possibility of the second solution. If the cosine rule is used, both solutions
would be generated simultaneously by solving a quadratic equation, as shown in
the following example.
Example 1
In ABC ,
and C = 60 , solve
c=7, b=8
ABC .
60
C
B
a
Solution
Using the cosine rule,
a2 + 82 2 a 8 cos 60
72
a2 8a + 15
(a 3)(a 5)
57
or
(12/2002)
When a = 3 ,
When a = 5 ,
180 60 98.21
180 60 81.79
a = 3 ,
98.21
(to 2 d.p.)
21.79
(to 2 d.p.)
81.79
(to 2 d.p.)
38.21
(to 2 d.p.)
C = 98.21 ,
B = 21.79
or
C = 81.79 , B = 38.21 .
Another advantage of using the cosine rule is that the cosine function tells
us whether the angle involved is acute or obtuse while sine function does not.
In the above example, in the case a = 3 , if the sine rule is used to find C
8 sin 60
we would have sinC =
and we are unable to tell whether
7
C = 81.79
or
Constructing Integer-Sided 60
or 120
Triangles
To give students more practice about solving SSA triangles with two
solutions, I have tried to construct some
Consider ABC
with b , c given C = 60 .
a2 2ab cos 60 + b2
c2
a2 ab + b2
c2 .................................. (*)
58
EduMath 15 (12/2002)
60
C
and
c satisfying (*).
The
m > n . ([1])
and n :
a=m n
c = m2 + mn + n2
b = m + 2mn
= a 2 ab + b 2
21
19
15
13
40
37
65
61
11
96
91
13
133
127
a.
C = 60)
with 2
(12/2002)
60
C
a1
a2
a1
a2 (= b a1)
16
21
19
15
13
33
40
37
56
65
61
11
85
96
91
13
120
133
127
60
triangle is constructed, a
AB(C)
and C = 120 .
Since
we have
a , b , c (b > a)
a = m2 n2 , b' = 2mn + n2 ,
c = m2 + mn + n2 ,
c = m2 + mn + n2 ,
B (B ')
c
120
60
a
(C)
b
60
which form a
and
b'
EduMath 15 (12/2002)
b'
21
16
19
15
13
40
33
37
65
56
61
11
96
85
91
13
133
120
127
It is interesting to know that the integer solutions of (*) are also useful in
constructing cubic polynomials whose zeros and the zeros of whose first
derivatives are integers. ([2])
and
are integers.
The roots of
a + b a 2 ab + b 2 . Therefore if
f (x)
f '(x) = 0
a2 ab + b2 = c2
where
are given by
x =
is a complete square,
would have integer zeros 0 , 3a , 3b and its first derivative has integer
zeros
(3 , 8) , (5 , 21) , (8 , 15)
f (x) = x(x 15)(x 63) ,
which give
are
polynomials.
References
1.
2.
C.H. Fima, Constructing Integer Polynomials and Triangles. Teaching Mathematics and
Its Applications Vol.9 (1990) pp.171 174.
61