What is the definition of

Climatology
For geologist or geomorphologist, Climate is an external
agent which forces many phenomena of interest
Climatology is a scientific study of climate
Climate element over period of 35 years of place can be
defined as average weather conditions obtained through
the synthesis of weather

1. Prof N.J. Bello, Dr. A.A. Amori and Mr. Adejuwon. Introduction to
Climatology and Biogeography. Department of Water Resources
Management and Agrometeorology College of Environmental Resources
Management.
2. Kendal McGuffie and Ann Henderson-Sellers. A Climate Modelling

Composition and Structure of

Atmosphere
Lapisan

Jarak dari
aras laut
(km)

Ketumpatan
(kgm)

Tekanan
atmosfera

Fungsi

Troposfera

0-20

1-10

1000-10

-Membekalkan
oksigen
-Fenomena cuaca dan
iklim terjadi
-Mengandungi wap
air dan CO paling
banyak

Stratosfera

20-60

10-10

10-0.1

-Terdapat lapisan
ozon
-Berfungsi sebagai
tirai pelindung dari
sinaran ultraviolet

Mesosfera

60-80

10-10

0.1-0.01

-memantulkan
pancaran radio
gelombang pendek
-penggunaan
komunikasi radio
global

Termosfera

80-100

10-10

0.01-0.001

-pembakaran meteor
-memantul
gelombang radio ke
bumi

Composition of Atmosphere (Cont.)

Characteristics of Planet in Solar

System
Planets
Diameter
Year (one
Main Gases Claim to
orbit
in
around sun) Atmospher
in Earth
e
Time

Fame

Daytime:
880F
Night: -300F

Mercury

3,029 miles
(4,878 km)

88 days

Traces of
argon, neon,
helium

Venus

7,515 miles
(12,102 km)

224 days, 17
hours

Carbon dioxide Rotates east to

(very thick)
west

Earth

7,921 miles
(12, 756 km)

365 days, 6
hours

Nitrogen,
oxygen

Mars

4,218 miles
(6,729 km)

687 days, 23
hours

Carbon dioxide Ice-crapped

(thin)
poles, 4
seasons,
global dust
storms

Jupiter

88,793 miles
(142, 984 km)

11 years, 11
month

Hydrogen,
helium

Mild climate,
water as solid,
liquid, gas

Colourful
bands of gas,
Great red spot
(storm bigger
than earth)

Continue
Planets

Diameter

Year (one
orbit
around
sun) in
Earth Time

Main
Gases in
Atmospher
e

Claim to
Fame

Uranus

31,744 miles
(51, 118 km)

84 years

Hydrogen,
helium,
methane

Tipped
sideways so
pole-faces
sun

Neptune

30,757 miles
(49, 528 km)

164 years

Hydrogen,
helium,
methane

Winds of 1500
mph (highest
record of any
planet)

Pluto

1,430 miles
(2,300 km)

248 years

Possibly
nitrogen,
carbon
dioxide or
methane

Tiny size,
offbeat orbit,
consider as
not even
planet

References
1.Egbert Boeker and Rienk Van
Grondolle. Enironmental Science
Physical Principles and Applications.
(2001). John Wiley&Sons, LTD.
2.Frederick K. Lutgens and Edward J.
Tarbuck. The Atmosphere Tenth
Edition. (2007). New Jersey: Pearson
Practice Hall.