Gradele de comparatie

prezentare

Comparativ de superioritate si
Superlativ
1.

Adjective scurte

2.

Adjective lungi

3.

Adjective neregulate

1. Adjective scurte (toate adj. monosilabice si unele

bisilabice)

Comparativ de superioritate (mai):

adj. + -er

Superlativ (cel mai):

the + adj. + -est

Reguli de scriere la adaugarea -er si -est

1. Adj. terminate in consoana-vocala-consoana dubleaza ultima litera.
Big bigger the biggest
2. Adj. terminate in -e, il elimina:
Nice nicer the nicest
3. Adj. terminate in -y precedat de consoana transforma -y in
-i:
Funny funnier the funniest
4. Adj. terminate in -l precedat de vocala neaccentuata dubleaza -l-ul:
Cruel crueller the cruellest

Exemple:

fat fatter the fattest

thin thinner the thinnest
big - bigger the biggest
pretty prettier the prettiest
happy happier the happiest
dirty dirtier the dirtiest
fine- finer the finest
simple simpler the simplest
tall taller the tallest
old older (elder) the oldest (the eldest)
slow slower the slowest
clever cleverer the cleverest
narrow narrower the narrowest

2. Adjective lungi
Comparativ

de superioritate (mai):
more + adj.

Superlativ

(cel mai):
the most + adj.

Exemple:

beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

important more important the most important
Interesting more interesting the most interesting
recent more recent the most recent
expensive more expensive the most expensive
dangerous more dangerous the most dangerous

3. Adjective neregulate
Good better the best
(well better the best)
Bad worse the worst
(ill - worse the worst)
Much more the most
Many - more the most
Little less the least
Far farther the farthest (departe in spatiu)
Far further the furthest (departe in timp)
Late later the latest (mai tarziu cel mai recent/ultimul)
Late latter the last (recent/al doilea - ultimul)

Comparativ de egalitate
Valabil pentru toate adjectivele:
as

+ adj. + as (la fel de ca)

Exemple:
As tall as (adj. scurt)
He is as tall as my brother.
(E la fel de inalt ca fratele meu)
As expensive as (adj. lung)
This cap is as expensive as a dress.
(apca aceasta este la fel de scumpa ca si o rochie.)
As much(+substantiv) as (adj neregulat)
I think my neighbour has as much money as Donald Trump.
(Cred ca vecinul meu are la fel de multi bani ca Donald Trump.
I like reading as much as you do.
(Imi place sa citesc la fel de mult ca tie.)

Comparativ de inferioritate
Valabil pentru toate adjectivele:
Not

as + adj. + as (nu la fel de ca)

Sau

Not

so + adj. + as (nu asa de ca)

Exemple:
Not as dirty as/ not so dirty as (adj. scurt)
Your windows are not as dirty as mine.
(Ferestrele tale nu sunt la fel de murdare ca ale mele.)
Not as important as/ not so important as (adj. lung)
I think Japanese is not so important as English.
(Cred ca japoneza nu e asa importanta ca engleza.)
Not as bad as/ not so bad as (adj. neregulat)
Your children are not so bad as mine.
(Copiii tai nu sunt asa de rai ca ai mei.)

Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie

Din ce in ce mai.

Pentru adjective scurte si neregulate:

Comparativ de superioritate + and + comparativ de

superioritate
Unfortunately our parents are older and older.
(Din nefericire parintii nostri sunt din ce in ce mai batrani.)

Your English is better and better.

(Engleza ta este din ce in ce mai buna.)

He has more and more knowledge about English.

(Are din ce in ce mai multe cunostinte despre Engleza.)

Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie

Din ce in ce mai.

Pentru adjective lungi:

More and more + adjectiv

Your little child is more and more intelligent.
(Copilasul tau este din ce in ce mai inteligent.)

Food is more and more expensive nowadays.

(Mancarea este din ce in ce mai scumpa in zilele
noastre.)

Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie cu

ct cu att

Pentru toate adjectivele:

The + comparativ de superioritate + S + V, the + comparativ de

superioritate + S + V
The greater the effort is, the more satisfactory it will be.
(Cu cat este mai mare efortul, cu atat mai satisfacator va fi.)

The more interesting the book becomes, the more anxious we are.
(Cu cat mai interesanta devine cartea, cu atat mai nerabdatori suntem.)

The shorter the nights, the longer the days.

(Cu cat (sunt) mai scurte noptile, cu atat (sunt) mai lungi zilele.)

Constructii idiomatice:
So

much the better = cu atat mai bine

So much the worse = cu atat mai rau
So much the more = cu atat mai mult
So much the less = cu atat mai putin